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The paper is concerned with the results of a study of efficacy of rehabilitation of 1174 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases in sanatoria. On the basis of clinical criteria and the results of bicycle ergometry 4 clinicofunctional groups of patients were defined. A tactical approach to the differentiated use of different types of therapeutic, physical and psychic rehabilitation was worked out for these groups. An index method for assessment of the efficacy of rehabilitation based on 5 groups of symptoms was proposed. Therapeutic efficacy in different clinicofunctional groups varied from 89.6% in the 1st group to 71.8% in the 4th group; it was higher among the patients with chronic nonobstructive bronchitis (from 89 to 98%) than among the patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma (from 70 to 80%).