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Digital presence refers to technologies that provide communities a shared experience and a sense of togetherness, despite geographical distance. Emerging technologies for digital presence provide the church with both theological questions (e.g. related to the validity of sacraments when administered online) and practical opportunities. Think of the pros and cons for online communion in some churches: Is digital presence real presence? The digital realm as a thread of the universe leads to rethinking of the church as a social, digital and physical unity. What kind of new possibilities could digital presence in digital realities provide to spiritual experience, individually and within the worship? Contribution: Rather than a plain application of the existing technologies to digitise the current functions and events of congregations for online services, technology should expand and reform the church online. This study aims to discuss the transformation from online church to church online. The technical solution for digital presence was inspired by the demands of a Finnish plug-in campus in an African setting, which draws inspiration from African concepts of community and place. publishedVersion

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Colony PCR verification of the engineered Synechocystis strains generated in this study. Fig. S2. Characterization of the engineered Synechocystis strains S01 and S01:Δflv3 grown under continuous 20 μmol photons m−2 s−1 light. Fig. S3. Spectrophotometric analysis of pigments in the engineered sucrose-producing Synechocystis strains grown under 50 and 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1 light, measured on days 2, 5 and 10. Fig. S4. Partial complementation of Flv3 inactivation in engineered Synechocystis Δflv3 strain grown under continuous light of 50 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Fig. S5. Quantitative analysis of polyhydroxybutyrate content in the engineered Synechocystis strains grown for 12 days under continuous 50 and 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1 light. Fig. S6. Quantitative analysis of glycogen content in engineered sucrose-producing Synechocystis strains at different time points (0–12 days), grown under continuous 50 and 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1 light. Fig. S7. Growth curve of Synechocystis wild-type and ∆flv3 strains grown under 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1 light for 24 h and 72 h. Fig. S8. Quantitation of the relative ATP and NADPH content of Synechocystis wild-type and ∆flv3 strains grown under 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1 light for 24 h and 7 2h. Table S1. Summary of the calculated significances for the cellular gas fluxes measured by MIMS (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5) for the Synechocystis strains generated in this study. Table S2. Simplified list of enzymatic reactions towards sucrose, PHB and glycogen in Synechocystis from the common metabolic intermediate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and estimation of relative ATP/NADPH demand between the pathways. Table S3. List of plasmids generated and used in this study. Table S4. List of PCR primers used in this study.