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Introduction: Complex molecular characterization and integrated approaches in the basic research of HNSCC provide new insights into the understanding and treatment of these tumors. Mutations in the TP53 gene, HPV infection, aberrant DNA methylation are just a few factors that have a direct link with the clinical and psychological condition of patients with this type of cancer. In the Republic of Moldova, these aspects are insufficiently studied.

Hypersensitivity reactions affecting the oral mucosa present a significant clinical challenge due to their diverse manifestations and the wide range of potential allergens involved. This article explores the types of allergic reactions commonly observed in the oral cavity, including contact allergies and systemic allergic reactions, emphasising their clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches. Common allergens such as metals and resin-based dental materials are highlighted, discussing their impact on oral health. Diagnostic strategies, including clinical examination, history taking, cutaneous patch testing and histopathological evaluation, are assessed for their efficacy in establishing the diagnosis of an allergic reaction and in identifying specific allergens. Management and treatment options are also reviewed, focusing on allergen avoidance, pharmacological interventions, and the selection of hypoallergenic dental materials. This article underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes for patients with oral mucosal allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of molecularly targeted therapies, particularly the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs), has had a positive impact by increasing the life expectancy of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). The most used anti-EGFRIs monoclonal antagonist, Cetuximab, induces skin responses in most patients, leading to a reduction of dosages or even therapy discontinuation, all with devastating effects. Our study aimed to assess the predictive role and the possible correlations of clinical features, imaging aspects (dermatoscopy), and laboratory tests (anti-alpha-galactosyl IgE levels) for early detection of Cetuximab skin toxicity in patients with metastatic CRC. The association of IgE antibodies against goat alpha-1,3-galactose serum levels with various degrees of skin toxicity encountered during the oncologic treatment resulted in higher concentrations in patients with pruritus and hair changes. Incorporating dermatoscopy into the routine dermatological consultation allowed us to perform a severity assessment, dynamically record, and identify even the erupting lesions previously invisible to classical examination. Hence, we were enabled to generate a broad report and to classify various degrees of skin toxicity severity linked to Cetuximab treatment in 19 patients with metastatic CRC. Detecting the emergent lesions and initiating dermatological treatment in the early stages decreased the severity of skin toxicity. As a result, the duration of the antibiotic treatment was much shorter, and the risk of dose reduction or interruption of the cancer treatment was diminished. In conclusion, we emphasize the need for a regular dermatological examination with dermatoscopy of CRC patients undergoing Cetuximab treatment. Skin toxicity is a significant concern for these patients, and healthcare providers should be vigilant in monitoring and managing this side effect in order to optimize patient care. The correlation between anti-alpha-Gal IgE levels and Cetuximab-induced skin toxicities is an emerging area. More extensive studies need to be published in order to establish this relationship directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic materials are used in various domains, such as constructions, textile, or medical applications, due to their durability and versatility. Despite plastics contribution to human wellbeing, these materials can also have a negative impact on ecosystems, leading to water pollution and loss of aquatic life. However, no study has been made, so far, to determine the impact of plastic products on natural particle size distribution in water systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate if plastic affects aquatic particulate matter of different size ranges, from 0.3 to 16 000 nm. Three types of plastics (polystyrene [PS], polypropylene [PP], and low‐density polyethylene [LDPE]) have been added to lake water samples and incubated for nine months at room temperature. Results show that the average particle size increases toward the end of the experiment indicating that small particles (<1200 nm) adhere to plastic surfaces, while medium and large particles sediment in the water sample. Also, substances migrating from plastic may alter the aggregating properties of particles. However, the influence may be less substantial in the environment, as plastic types and concentrations differ. Moreover, more studies are needed to establish additional implications in relation to bacterial communities, transport of pollutants, or chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polystyrene has been extensively used in various industries and consumer products, leading to high quantities of waste. In areas with improper waste management, plastic products reach water systems. Various substances can migrate from plastics into water and become part of a fraction, generically named fluorescent dissolved organic matter. The aim of this study is to determine the level of fluorescent organic matter that leaches from polystyrene into lake water samples, which have a relatively high natural organic matter content. Thus, coffee cup lids have been added to triplicate water samples and compared to a control sample, over a period of 3 weeks. Results show that fluorescent substances migrate from plastic into lake water samples. Styrene oligomers, toluene, and phenol derivates have been proposed as substances that potentially leach from polystyrene products. These compounds may have an impact on fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter, by potentially inhibiting the microbial activity in water or by forming complex compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach. The detection of H. pylori is an essential part of current clinical practices because this disease can cause peptic ulcers, chronic inflammation of the stomach lining but also stomach cancer. Helicobacter pylori has a naturally occurring enzyme that hydrolyzes urea into ammonium carbonate called urease. Many methods exist for the detection of H. pylori infection, but an innovative approach is to detect the ammonia in the breath (ABT, Ammonia Breath Test). In this research study, using photoacoustic spectroscopy method, the ammonia concentration in the breathing zone of people with H. pylori were measured and were compared with ammonia concentration from the respiration of healthy people. From the ABT determinations of this study, the ammonia was established to be increased with 498 ppb at people with H. pylori when we compare with ABT of healthy people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crises the European Union has gone through over time have called into question the Union’s legitimacy and efficiency. The 2008-2009 financial crisis, the European debt crisis, the migration crisis and Brexit, have all tested the solidarity between member states. The COVID-19 pandemic is without a doubt the most drastic crisis in the EU’s history, with very severe socioeconomic consequences. The EU leaders were strongly criticized for not reacting quickly and efficiently enough to mitigate the impact of the virus, reduce suffering, and ward off the economic crisis. In this context, the questions that arise are: Is the Union a modern-day Titanic? Will it sink or it will sustain its legitimacy and come out stronger and more united from this unprecedented challenge?

aim,3,4 Ioana Munteanu,2,3,6 Cristina Popa,2,3 Mădălina Burecu,2,3 Paula Rusu,3 Andreea Cioacată,2 Ioana Mădălina Moșteanu,2,7 Antonela Dragomir1– 31Pneumology II Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 2Pneumology Clinic, "Marius Nasta" Institute of Pneumology, Bucharest, Romania; 3Tuberculosis Screening Program, "Marius Nasta" Institute of Pneumology, Bucharest, Romania; 4Research Department, "Marius Nasta" Institute of Pneumology, Bucharest, Romania; 5Faculty of Economic Cybernetics, Statistics and Informatics, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; 6Faculty of Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania; 7Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania Correspondence: Dragoș Băiceanu; Alexandru Stoichiță, "Marius Nasta" Institute of Pneumology, 90 Viilor Street, Bucharest, 050159, Romania, Tel +4 0749 574 412, Email [email protected] ; [email protected] Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, requiring enhanced active case finding (ACF) through screening strategies. This study assesses the effectiveness of such an approach in locating TB cases among vulnerable groups, such as homeless persons, injecting drug users, those detained in prison, and people living in rural areas. Methods: The study focuses on socio-economic characteristics and TB detection rates across Romanian counties using modern techniques including computer-aided detection of lesions on chest X-ray and GeneXpert tests. Results: The results highlight the disproportionate burden of TB in vulnerable groups, by revealing significant differences in TB detection rates between regions. Notably, the TB detection rates among these vulnerable groups (250.85 per 100,000 population) are five times higher than the national incidence rate (46.1). Discussion: These findings underscore the imperative integration of ACF into National TB Program to provide customized and efficient solutions for diverse vulnerable groups, thereby informing crucial public health initiatives and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study that analyzed potentially malignant lesions in the oral cavity. The study examined data from 62 patients in Romania and found that older adults, particularly those over 50 years old, had a higher prevalence of these lesions. There was also a gender disparity, with actinic cheilitis being more common in males. The study emphasizes the importance of early detection and regular monitoring to prevent malignant transformation. The study also suggests the potential use of laser treatments as therapeutic alternatives. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the use of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors for the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic inflammatory condition. It discusses the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the development of OLP and examines the current landscape of topical JAK inhibitors. The article highlights recent clinical trials and observational studies that suggest the potential of these agents in managing OLP. However, more research is needed to establish their efficacy and safety profiles. JAK inhibitors offer new hope for OLP patients, but further investigation is necessary. [Extracted from the article]

Telogen effluvium is a common form of hair loss characterized by diffuse thinning of hair on the scalp due to early entry of hair into the telogen phase. It often occurs as a reaction to physical or psychological stress, hormonal changes, or certain medications and can affect individuals of all ages and genders. This paper aims to explore the psychological impact of telogen effluvium, a frequently overlooked aspect of this condition. We investigate how this form of hair loss affects mental health, self-esteem, and overall quality of life. The review utilizes a comprehensive literature search in databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. We included studies focusing on telogen effluvium and its psychological consequences, prioritizing recent publications and high-quality evidence. The review highlights a significant association between telogen effluvium and psychological distress, including increased risks of anxiety, depression, and social phobia. The condition profoundly impacts self-image and can lead to decreased social interaction and diminished quality of life. Understanding the psychological impact of telogen effluvium is crucial for effective patient management. A holistic approach, incorporating both medical and psychological interventions, is recommended to address the comprehensive needs of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater treatment plants release substantial amounts of microplastics (MPs) into the environment. Various models and scenarios have been developed to estimate the sources and concentrations of MPs released by effluents. However, no model has included wastewater from washing machines. This study aims to estimate, in three scenarios, the number of MPs that are released by Bucharest households into the municipal wastewater treatment plant. The highest number of MPs has been estimated to be emitted by washing machines from synthetic clothing. From the category of cosmetics, the highest number of particles per year is potentially generated by face and hand creams. It has been estimated that the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant contains 48–4251 MP L−1 for the three proposed scenarios. The study shows that the population of Bucharest can generate high numbers of MPs, even in the minimum scenario. However, the use of MPs is expected to decrease, due to implementation of European Union policies, responsible consumer behavior, effective plastic waste management, and improved detection and separation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic particles reach and accumulate the water systems through various routes, including dry/wet deposition or surface runoff. Considering that there are not many studies about the sources of microplastics (MPs) in surface runoff and their contribution to water systems, this study aims to estimate for the first time for a city in Romania (Bucharest) the sources and number of MPs that are discharged by surface runoff, by employing three different scenarios. Sources, such as traffic, artificial terrains, paints, and plasters, have been included in the analysis. Results show that surface runoff contains a number of at least 123,148 × 109 particles per year. Most MPs originate from tire wear and football fields. Also, after the wastewater treatment processes, surface runoff contributes with over 4.98 MPs L−1 to the receiving water body. A solution to reducing MPs in surface runoff is to develop an effective traffic management plan, with improved road surfaces or driving style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The unsatisfactory results of the survival in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) until 2000 in our center have led us to improve the approach of diagnosis and therapy. Since 2003 in all patients the following have been performed: flow cytometry, conventional genetic diagnosis, FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization), and molecular biology. Objectives. Our aims were to identify solutions to increase patients’ survival. Patients and method. It is a single-center, retrospective study of 136 patients with ALL treated at 3rd Pediatric Clinic of Timisoara, over a period of 10 years (2003-2012), where survival was assessed. Results. Morphologically, 86% of the patients were L1 type, 13% L2 type and 1% L3 type. Flow citometry revealed that 68% were ALL with B precursors, and 19% with T immunophenotype. Acute leukemia with mixed phenotype (biphenotypic) was identified in 2.3% of patients and 10.7% of the forms were acute leukemia with myeloid markers. In 27.7% of patients, mutations were detected by the RT-PCR method, the most commonly identified was TEL-AML1 (ETV6- RUNX1) accounting for 12.7% of the cases. Relapse-free survival at 5 years for the entire group was 59%, and for the group treated between 2008 and 2012 it was 72%. Conclusion. Our analysis confirms the decisive value of laboratory investigations for the prognosis and improvement of supportive therapy.

This article from the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation discusses the use of salivary markers in detecting oral cancer. Saliva contains biomarkers that can indicate the presence and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), providing a non-invasive method for screening and monitoring the disease. The article explores the current understanding of salivary markers in oral cancer, their advantages over traditional biopsy techniques, limitations, and the need for further research. It concludes by outlining the potential future applications of salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection and management. This article is a valuable resource for those researching oral biology and related fields. [Extracted from the article]

This article from the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation explores the effects of menopause on oral health in women. Menopause, which typically occurs around the age of 51, involves the permanent cessation of menstruation and a decrease in estrogen hormone levels. The article highlights the oral health issues that can arise during menopause, including dryness, decreased saliva production, burning sensation, altered taste, and increased vulnerability to pain and neurological disorders. Dentists and general practitioners should be aware of these changes and focus on managing oral health during this stage. The article also discusses two specific conditions associated with menopause: Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) and neurological disorders. BMS is characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth, particularly on the tongue, and is more common in peri- or postmenopausal women. The exact cause of BMS is unknown, but hormonal changes, psychological factors, and local irritations may contribute. Neurological disorders, such as trigeminal neuralgia, Alzheimer's disease, and atypical facial pain, are also more prevalent in postmenopausal women. Proper diagnosis and treatment for these conditions are crucial, as they can significantly impact a woman's overall health and well-being during menopause. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of oral health awareness and proper management during menopause. [Extracted from the article]

This article from the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation discusses the topic of oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. Chemotherapy can have negative effects on the oral cavity due to its lack of selectivity in targeting abnormal cells. The article explores the causes, diagnosis, and management of oral mucositis, a condition characterized by redness, swelling, and ulceration in the mouth. Management strategies include nutritional support, pain control, oral hygiene, and various therapeutic interventions. It is important for healthcare providers to inform patients about the signs and symptoms of mucosal changes before starting cancer treatment so that early intervention can be implemented. [Extracted from the article]

A coincidental occurrence of severe haemophilia A and Turner syndrome in a female person is extremely rare (less than 10 cases published). In such challenging cases, a multidisciplinary approach based on medicine of precision with full access to genetic and bio-molecular exploration is indispensable. The article presents an eight-year-old girl, with a family history of haemophilia, without significant disease signs (only post-dental extraction bleeding and a shorter stature). Discordantly, however, the investigations revealed a challenging condition: a genotype of 46,X,i(Xq), with an Isochromosome Xq responsible for the Turner syndrome and simultaneously, for the detrimental transformation, interfering with X chromosome inactivation, of an obligate hemophilia carrier into a severe hemophilia case—two distinct and provocative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]