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1. Stem decomposition of temperate tree species is determined by stem traits and fungal community composition during early stem decay

Author: Yang, SS, Poorter, L, Sterck, FJ, Cornelissen, JHC, van Logtestijn, RSP, Kuramae, EE, Kowalchuk, GA, Hefting, MM, Goudzwaard, L, Chang, CH, Sass-Klaassen, U, Yang, SS, Poorter, L, Sterck, FJ, Cornelissen, JHC, van Logtestijn, RSP, Kuramae, EE, Kowalchuk, GA, Hefting, MM, Goudzwaard, L, Chang, CH, and Sass-Klaassen, U
Abstract: Dead trees are vital structural elements in forests playing key roles in the carbon and nutrient cycle. Stem traits and fungal community composition are both important drivers of stem decay, and thereby affect ecosystem functioning, but their relative importance for stem decomposition over time remains unclear. To address this issue, we used a common garden decomposition experiment in a Dutch larch forest hosting fresh logs from 13 common temperate tree species. In total, 25 fresh wood and bark traits were measured as indicators of wood accessibility for decomposers, nutritional quality and chemical or physical defence mechanisms. After 1 and 4 years of decay, we assessed the richness and composition of wood-inhabiting fungi using amplicon sequencing and determined the proportional wood density loss. Average proportional wood density loss for the first year was 18.5%, with further decomposition occurring at a rate of 4.3% year−1 for the subsequent 3 years across tree species. Proportional wood density loss varied widely across tree species in the first year (8.7–24.8% year−1) and subsequent years (0–11.3% year−1). The variation was directly driven by initial wood traits during the first decay year, then later directly driven by bark traits and fungal community composition. Moreover, bark traits affected the composition of wood-inhabiting fungi and thereby indirectly affected decomposition rates. Specifically, traits promoting resource acquisition of the living tree, such as wide conduits that increase accessibility and high nutrient concentration, increased initial wood decomposition rates. Fungal community composition, but not fungal richness explained differences in wood decomposition after 4 years of exposure in the field, where fungal communities dominated by brown-rot and white-rot Basidiomycetes were linked to higher wood decomposition rate. Synthesis: Understanding what drives deadwood decomposition through time is important to understand the dyna
Published: 2024

2. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author: Hordijk, I., Bialic‐Murphy, L., Lauber, T., Routh, D., Poorter, L., Rivers, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., Reich, P., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Gamarra, J., Chen, H., Zhou, M., Wiser, S., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A., Picard, N., Hérault, B., Bastin, J.-F., Alberti, G., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard Corredor, G., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clar, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Dolezal, J., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Van Nuland, M., Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Maynard, D., Crowther, T., Hordijk, I., Bialic‐Murphy, L., Lauber, T., Routh, D., Poorter, L., Rivers, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., Reich, P., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Gamarra, J., Chen, H., Zhou, M., Wiser, S., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A., Picard, N., Hérault, B., Bastin, J.-F., Alberti, G., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard Corredor, G., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clar, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Dolezal, J., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Van Nuland, M., Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Maynard, D., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species? Location Global. Time period 1990–2017. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest tha
Published: 2024
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3. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author: Zou, Y., Zohner, C., Averill, C., Ma, H., Merder, J., Berdugo, M., Bialic-Murphy, L., Mo, L., Brun, P., Zimmermann, N., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinements, U., Dahlgren, J., Kändler, G., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., de Zavala, M., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Iêda, A., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Kucher, D., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miscicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Crowther, T., Zou, Y., Zohner, C., Averill, C., Ma, H., Merder, J., Berdugo, M., Bialic-Murphy, L., Mo, L., Brun, P., Zimmermann, N., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinements, U., Dahlgren, J., Kändler, G., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., de Zavala, M., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Iêda, A., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Kucher, D., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miscicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.
Published: 2024
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4. Globally, functional traits are weak predictors of juvenile tree growth, and we do not know why

Author: Paine, CET, Amissah, L, Auge, H, Baraloto, C, Baruffol, M, Bourland, N, Bruelheide, H, Daïnou, K, de Gouvenain, RC, Doucet, JL, Doust, S, Fine, PVA, Fortunel, C, Haase, J, Holl, KD, Jactel, H, Li, X, Kitajima, K, Koricheva, J, Martínez-Garza, C, Messier, C, Paquette, A, Philipson, C, Piotto, D, Poorter, L, Posada, JM, Potvin, C, Rainio, K, Russo, SE, Ruiz-Jaen, M, Scherer-Lorenzen, M, Webb, CO, Wright, SJ, Zahawi, RA, and Hector, A
Subjects: functional ecology, FunDivEurope, growth, hierarchical models, plant population and community dynamics, relative growth rate, size-standardized growth rate, TreeDivNet, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Abstract: Plant functional traits, in particular specific leaf area (SLA), wood density and seed mass, are often good predictors of individual tree growth rates within communities. Individuals and species with high SLA, low wood density and small seeds tend to have faster growth rates. If community-level relationships between traits and growth have general predictive value, then similar relationships should also be observed in analyses that integrate across taxa, biogeographic regions and environments. Such global consistency would imply that traits could serve as valuable proxies for the complex suite of factors that determine growth rate, and, therefore, could underpin a new generation of robust dynamic vegetation models. Alternatively, growth rates may depend more strongly on the local environment or growth-trait relationships may vary along environmental gradients. We tested these alternative hypotheses using data on 27 352 juvenile trees, representing 278 species from 27 sites on all forested continents, and extensive functional trait data, 38% of which were obtained at the same sites at which growth was assessed. Data on potential evapotranspiration (PET), which summarizes the joint ecological effects of temperature and precipitation, were obtained from a global data base. We estimated size-standardized relative height growth rates (SGR) for all species, then related them to functional traits and PET using mixed-effect models for the fastest growing species and for all species together. Both the mean and 95th percentile SGR were more strongly associated with functional traits than with PET. PET was unrelated to SGR at the global scale. SGR increased with increasing SLA and decreased with increasing wood density and seed mass, but these traits explained only 3.1% of the variation in SGR. SGR-trait relationships were consistently weak across families and biogeographic zones, and over a range of tree statures. Thus, the most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology were poor predictors of tree growth over large scales. Synthesis. We conclude that these functional traits alone may be unsuitable for predicting growth of trees over broad scales. Determining the functional traits that predict vital rates under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a monolithic global relationship can offer. The most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology, specific leaf area, wood density and seed mass, were only weakly associated with tree growth rates over broad scales. Assessing trait-growth relationships under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a global relationship can offer.
Published: 2015

5. Plasticity in Leaf Traits of 38 Tropical Tree Species in Response to Light; Relationships with Light Demand and Adult Stature

Author: Rozendaal, D. M. A., Hurtado, V. H., and Poorter, L.
Published: 2006

6. Wood Mechanics, Allometry, and Life-History Variation in a Tropical Rain Forest Tree Community

Author: van Gelder, H. A., Poorter, L., and Sterck, F. J.
Published: 2006

7. The Consequences of Crown Traits for the Growth and Survival of Tree Saplings in a Mexican Lowland Rainforest

Author: Sterck, F., Martinéz-Ramos, M., Dyer-Leal, G., Rodríguez-Velazquez, J., and Poorter, L.
Published: 2003

8. Light-Dependent Changes in Biomass Allocation and Their Importance for Growth of Rain Forest Tree Species

Author: Poorter, L.
Published: 2001

9. Warming, drought, and disturbances lead to shifts in functional composition: a millennial-scale analysis for Amazonian and Andean sites

Author: van der Sande, M., Bush, M., Åkesson, C., Berrio, J., Correia Metrio, A., Flantua, S., Hooghiemstra, H., Maezumi, S., McMichael, C., Montoya, E., Mosblech, N., de Novaes Nascimento, M., Peña-Claros, M., Poorter, L., Raczka, M., and Gosling, W.
Abstract: Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales of 10,000?years to assess how climate and disturbances influence the community-mean adult height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density for eight lowland and highland forest landscapes. To do so, we combine data of eight fossil pollen records with functional traits and proxies for climate (temperature, precipitation, and El Niño frequency) and disturbances (fire and general disturbances). We found that temperature and disturbances were the most important drivers of changes in functional composition. Increased water availability (high precipitation and low El Niño frequency) generally led to more acquisitive trait composition (large leaves and soft wood). In lowland forests, warmer climates decreased community-mean height probably because of increased water stress, whereas in highland forests warmer climates increased height probably because of upslope migration of taller species. Disturbance increased the abundance of acquisitive, disturbance-adapted taxa with small seeds for quick colonization of disturbed sites, large leaves for light capture, and soft wood to attain fast height growth. Fire had weak effects on lowland forests but led to more stress-adapted taxa that are tall with fast life cycles and small seeds that can quickly colonize burned sites. Site-specific analyses were largely in line with cross-site analyses, except for varying site-level effects of El Niño frequency and fire activity, possibly because regional patterns in El Niño are not a good predictor of local changes, and charcoal abundances do not reflect fire intensity or severity. With future global changes, tropical Amazonian and Andean forests may transition toward shorter, drought- and disturbance-adapted forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands. 1 Introduction 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Sites 2.2 Fossil pollen records 2.3 Functional traits 2.4 Community-mean traits 2.5 Climate 2.6 Fire activity 2.7 General disturbance 2.8 Analyses 3 Results 3.1 Adult tree height 3.2 Leaf area 3.3 Seed mass 3.4 Wood density 4 Discussion 4.1 More favorable climatic growing conditions lead to more acquisitive trait values 4.2 Fires lead to more stress-adapted species, while general disturbances lead to more acquisitive species 4.3 Adult height and LA are most responsive to climate and disturbances 4.4 Local disturbance histories determine local responses to climate and disturbances 5 Conclusions
Published: 2023

10. Tree demographic strategies largely overlap across succession in Neotropical wet and dry forest communities

Author: Schorn, M., Kambach, S., Chazdon, R., Craven, D., Farrior, C., Meave, J., Muñoz, R., van Breugel, M., Amissah, L., Bongers, F., Hérault, B., Jakovac, C., Norden, N., Poorter, L., van der Sande, M., Wirth, C., Delgado, D., Dent, D., DeWalt, S., Dupuy, J., Finegan, B., Hall, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J., Lopez, O., and Rüger, N.
Published: 2023

11. Distribution of Twelve Moist Forest Canopy Tree Species in Liberia and Côte d'Ivoire: Response Curves to a Climatic Gradient

Author: Bongers, F., Poorter, L., and Parren, M. P. E.
Published: 1999

12. Growth Responses of 15 Rain-Forest Tree Species to a Light Gradient: The Relative Importance of Morphological and Physiological Traits

Author: Poorter, L.
Published: 1999

13. Responses to So2 Pollution in 41 British Herbaceous Species

Author: Ashenden, T. W., Hunt, R., Bell, S. A., Williams, T. G., Mann, A., Booth, R. E., and Poorter, L.
Published: 1996
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14. Efectos de la historia del uso de suelo y de la cubertura forestal en el paisaje sobre la recuperación de bosques

Author: Hordijk, I.E., Poorter, L., Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Bongers, F., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Meave, Jorge A., Hordijk, I.E., Poorter, L., Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Bongers, F., Muñoz, Rodrigo, and Meave, Jorge A.
Published: 2023

15. Resistencia del suelo al uso agrícola y su recuperación durante la regeneración natural de bosques tropicales

Author: van der Sande, M.T., Meave, J.A., Mora, Francisco, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Do Espírito Santo, Mário Marcos, Poorter, L., van der Sande, M.T., Meave, J.A., Mora, Francisco, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Do Espírito Santo, Mário Marcos, and Poorter, L.
Published: 2023

16. Effects of land use history and Landscape forest cover on forest recovery

Author: Hordijk, I.E., Poorter, L., Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Bongers, F., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Meave, Jorge A., Hordijk, I.E., Poorter, L., Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Bongers, F., Muñoz, Rodrigo, and Meave, Jorge A.
Published: 2023

17. Corrigendum to: Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

Author: Hordijk, I.E., Maynard, Daniel S., Hart, Simon P., Lidong, Mo, Ter Steege, Hans, Liang, Jingjing, De-Migueln, Sergio, Nabuurs, G.J., Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, C.Y., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Alvarado, Braulio V., Alvarez-davila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Bongers, F., Decuyper, M., Hengeveld, G.M., Poorter, L., Sheil, Douglas, van der Plas, A.L.D., Hordijk, I.E., Maynard, Daniel S., Hart, Simon P., Lidong, Mo, Ter Steege, Hans, Liang, Jingjing, De-Migueln, Sergio, Nabuurs, G.J., Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, C.Y., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Alvarado, Braulio V., Alvarez-davila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Bongers, F., Decuyper, M., Hengeveld, G.M., Poorter, L., Sheil, Douglas, and van der Plas, A.L.D.
Abstract: In the article by Hordijk et al. (2023), one of the co-author's names appeared incorrectly. The correct name is Stanislaw Miscicki. This has now been corrected.
Published: 2023

18. Un siglo de teorías sobre sucesión

Author: Poorter, L., Bongers, F., van der Sande, M.T., Poorter, L., Bongers, F., and van der Sande, M.T.
Abstract: La sucesión ecológica se define como el recambio de poblaciones, especies,comunidades bióticas y ecosistemas con el tiempo. Inicia con un disturbio, de origen natural o antrópico, que crea un espacio abierto o un sustrato nuevo y culmina con un ecosistema que puede asemejarse al original o diferir de éste. La sucesión ha intrigado a biólogos y ecólogos por más de un siglo ya que tiene múltiples perspectivas y puede seguir diferentes rutas. Comprenderla es crucial para anticipar cómo responden los ecosistemas al cambio de uso del suelo y para diseñar estrategias efectivas de restauración. A la fecha, se han propuesto 19 teorías o modelos de sucesión que pueden agruparse en cuatro tipos: sucesión de parches de plantas, sucesión de comunidades bióticas y ecosistemas, sucesión en paisajes y sucesión con intervención humana. Cada grupo difiere en la escala espacial, el nivel de organización y alcances, reflejando una creciente comprensión y perspectivas de la sucesión a través del tiempo. Presentamosun nuevo marco integral que abarca estas perspectivas, considerando la relación entre la ecología y la sociedad y los mecanismos impulsores de los cambios sucesionales. Este marco ayuda a comprender cómo y por qué cambian los ecosistemas y a crear estrategias de restauración efectivas.
Published: 2023

19. A century of successional theories

Author: Poorter, L., Bongers, F., van der Sande, M.T., Poorter, L., Bongers, F., and van der Sande, M.T.
Published: 2023

20. Regeneración natural de bosques tropicales en campos agrícolas abandonados en Ghana

Author: Matsuo, T., Amissah, L., Kok, J.J.M., Poorter, L., Matsuo, T., Amissah, L., Kok, J.J.M., and Poorter, L.
Published: 2023

21. Dood stamhout vol leven: bomen als bronnen van schimmelrijkdom

Author: Sterck, F., Yang, S., Poorter, L., Sass-Klaassen, U., Dam, N., Veerkamp, M., Brouwer, E., Hefting, M., Limpens, J., Kuramae, E., Cornelissen, H., Sterck, F., Yang, S., Poorter, L., Sass-Klaassen, U., Dam, N., Veerkamp, M., Brouwer, E., Hefting, M., Limpens, J., Kuramae, E., and Cornelissen, H.
Abstract: Het is bekend dat dode boomstammen een belangrijke bron zijn van biodiversiteit en een essentiële rol spelen in de koolstof- en nutriëntenkringloop van bossen. Maar wat betekenen ze voor de rijkdom aan schimmels? Dat is nu onderzocht in dode stammen van acht loofboom- en zeven naaldboomsoorten. Hiervoor is gebruikgemaakt van het stamafbraakexperiment LogLife, waar sinds 2012 de afbraak van dode boomstammen wordt gevolgd. Het project loopt nog steeds door, maar hier presenteren we vast de resultaten van de schimmelgemeenschappen en de afbraakstadia van de stammen in de periode 2012-2019. Andere organismen – zoals verschillende groepen ongewervelden, mossen en spechten – en de bijbehorende afbraaksnelheden zullen in vervolgartikelen aan bod komen.
Published: 2023

22. Dood stamhout vol leven: bomen als bronnen van schimmelrijkdom

Author: Sterck, F.J., Yang, S., Poorter, L., Sass-Klaassen, U.G.W., Dam, Nico, Veerkamp, Mirjam T., Brouwer, Emiel, Hefting, M.M., Limpens, J., Kuramae, Eiko E., Cornelissen, Hans, Sterck, F.J., Yang, S., Poorter, L., Sass-Klaassen, U.G.W., Dam, Nico, Veerkamp, Mirjam T., Brouwer, Emiel, Hefting, M.M., Limpens, J., Kuramae, Eiko E., and Cornelissen, Hans
Abstract: Het is bekend dat dode boomstammen een belangrijke bron zijn van biodiversiteit en een essentiële rol spelen in de koolstof- en nutriëntenkringloop van bossen. Maar wat betekenen ze voor de rijkdom aan schimmels? Dat is nu onderzocht in dode stammen van acht loofboom- en zeven naaldboomsoorten. Hiervoor is gebruikgemaakt van het stamafbraakexperiment LogLife, waar sinds 2012 de afbraak van dode boomstammen wordt gevolgd. Het project loopt nog steeds door, maar hier presenteren we vast de resultaten van de schimmelgemeenschappen en de afbraakstadia van de stammen in de periode 2012-2019. Andere organismen – zoals verschillende groepen ongewervelden, mossen en spechten – en de bijbehorende afbraaksnelheden zullen in vervolgartikelen aan bod komen.
Published: 2023

23. Tropical forest dynamics in a changing world

Author: Bongers, F.J.J.M., Poorter, L., Meave, J.A., Martínez-Ramos, M., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Bongers, F.J.J.M., Poorter, L., Meave, J.A., Martínez-Ramos, M., and Muñoz, Rodrigo
Published: 2023

24. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author: Delavaux, C., Crowther, T., Zohner, C., Robmann, N., Lauber, T., van den Hoogen, J., Kuebbing, S., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T.T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., Martynenko, O., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stanislaw, M., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Do, T.V., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., Maynard, D., Delavaux, C., Crowther, T., Zohner, C., Robmann, N., Lauber, T., van den Hoogen, J., Kuebbing, S., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T.T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., Martynenko, O., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stanislaw, M., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Do, T.V., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., and Maynard, D.
Abstract: Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

Author: Hordijk, I., Maynard, D.S., Hart, S.P., Lidong, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Reich, P., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Esteban, A.-D., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard C, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Nestor Laurier, E., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Bin Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johanssen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Stanislaw, M., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Šebeň, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Tran, D., Van Nuland, M., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Crowther, T., Hordijk, I., Maynard, D.S., Hart, S.P., Lidong, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Reich, P., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Esteban, A.-D., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard C, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Nestor Laurier, E., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Bin Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johanssen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Stanislaw, M., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Šebeň, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Tran, D., Van Nuland, M., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: 1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating with an increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels of species richness. However, species richness alone cannot reflect all important properties of a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. If the evenness of a community correlates negatively with richness across forests globally, then a greater number of species may not always increase overall diversity and productivity of the system. Theoretical work and local empirical studies have shown that the effect of evenness on ecosystem functioning may be especially strong at high richness levels, yet the consistency of this remains untested at a global scale. 2. Here, we used a dataset of forests from across the globe, which includes composition, biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, to explore whether productivity correlates with community evenness and richness in a way that evenness appears to buffer the effect of richness. Specifically, we evaluated whether low levels of evenness in speciose communities correlate with the attenuation of the richness–productivity relationship. 3. We found that tree species richness and evenness are negatively correlated across forests globally, with highly speciose forests typically comprising a few dominant and many rare species. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between diversity and productivity changes with evenness: at low richness, uneven communities are more productive, while at high richness, even communities are more productive. 4. Synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that evenness is an integral component of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, and that the attenuating effect of richness on forest productivity might be partly explain
Published: 2023
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26. Soil resistance and recovery during Neotropical forest succession

Author: van der Sande, Masha T., Powers, Jennifer S., Kuyper, Thom W., Norden, Natalia, Salgado-Negret, Beatriz, Silva de Almeida, Jarcilene, Bongers, F., Delgado, Diego, Dent, Daisy H., Derroire, Géraldine, do Espírito Santo, Mário Marcos, Dupuy, Juan M., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Gavito, Mayra E., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Jakovac, Catarina C., Jones, Isabel L., das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Maria, Meave, Jorge A., Mora, Francisco, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, Piotto, Daniel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Caceres-Siani, Yasmani, Dalban-Pilon, Coralie, Dourdain, Aurélie, Du, Dan V., García-Villalobos, Daniel, Nunes, Yule Roberta Ferreira, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Poorter, L., van der Sande, Masha T., Powers, Jennifer S., Kuyper, Thom W., Norden, Natalia, Salgado-Negret, Beatriz, Silva de Almeida, Jarcilene, Bongers, F., Delgado, Diego, Dent, Daisy H., Derroire, Géraldine, do Espírito Santo, Mário Marcos, Dupuy, Juan M., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Gavito, Mayra E., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Jakovac, Catarina C., Jones, Isabel L., das Dores Magalhães Veloso, Maria, Meave, Jorge A., Mora, Francisco, Muñoz, Rodrigo, Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia, Piotto, Daniel, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Caceres-Siani, Yasmani, Dalban-Pilon, Coralie, Dourdain, Aurélie, Du, Dan V., García-Villalobos, Daniel, Nunes, Yule Roberta Ferreira, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, and Poorter, L.
Abstract: The recovery of soil conditions is crucial for successful ecosystem restoration and, hence, for achieving the goals of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Here, we assess how soils resist forest conversion and agricultural land use, and how soils recover during subsequent tropical forest succession on abandoned agricultural fields. Our overarching question is how soil resistance and recovery depend on local conditions such as climate, soil type, and land-use history. For 300 plots in 21 sites across the Neotropics, we used a chonosequence approach in which we sampled soils from two depths in old-growth forests, agricultural fields (i.e., crop fields and pastures), and secondary forests that differ in age (1-95 years) since abandonment. We measured six soil properties using a standardized sampling design and lab analyses. Soil resistance strongly depended on local conditions. Croplands and sites on high-activity clay (i.e. high fertility) show strong increases in bulk density, and decreases in pH, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) during deforestation and subsequent agricultural use. Resistance is lower in such sites probably because of a sharp decline in fine root biomass in croplands in the upper soil layers, and a decline in litter input from formerly productive old-growth forest (on high-activity clays). Soil recovery also strongly depended on local conditions. During forest succession, high-activity clays and croplands decreased most strongly in bulk density and increased in C and N, possibly because of strongly compacted soils with low C and N after cropland abandonment, and because of rapid vegetation recovery in high-activity clays leading to greater fine root growth and litter input. Furthermore, sites at low precipitation decreased in pH, whereas sites at high precipitation increased in N and decreased in C:N ratio. Extractable phosphorus (P) did not recover during succession, suggesting increased P limitation as forests age. These results indicate that no si
Published: 2023

27. Diversity enhances carbon storage in tropical forests

Author: Poorter, L., van der Sande, M. T., Thompson, J., Arets, E. J. M. M., Alarcón, A., Álvarez-Sánchez, J., Ascarrunz, N., Balvanera, P., Barajas-Guzmán, G., Boit, A., Bongers, F., Carvalho, F. A., Casanoves, F., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Costa, F. R. C., de Castilho, C. V., Duivenvoorden, J. F., Dutrieux, L. P., Enquist, B. J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Finegan, B., Gormley, L. H. L., Healey, J. R., Hoosbeek, M. R., Ibarra-Manriquez, G., Junqueira, A. B., Levis, C., Licona, J. C., Lisboa, L. S., Magnusson, W. E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martínez-Yrizar, A., Martorano, L. G., Maskell, L. C., Mazzei, L., Meave, J. A., Mora, F., Muñoz, R., Nytch, C., Pansonato, M. P., Parr, T. W., Paz, H., Pérez-García, E. A., Rentería, L. Y., Rodríguez-Velazquez, J., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Ruschel, A. R., Sakschewski, B., Salgado-Negret, B., Schietti, J., Simões, M., Sinclair, F. L., Souza, P. F., Souza, F. C., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Swenson, N. G., Thonicke, K., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., van der Hout, P., Walker, P., Zamora, N., and Peña-Claros, M.
Published: 2015

28. The potential of secondary forests

Author: Bongers, F., Chazdon, R., Poorter, L., and Peña-Claros, M.
Published: 2015

29. Sapling performance along resource gradients drives tree species distributions within and across tropical forests

Author: Sterck, F., Markesteijn, L., Toledo, M., Schieving, F., and Poorter, L.
Published: 2014

30. Ecological impact of Prosopis species invasion in Turkwel riverine forest, Kenya

Author: Muturi, G.M., Poorter, L., Mohren, G.M.J., and Kigomo, B.N.
Published: 2013
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31. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Author: Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., Poorter, L., Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., and Poorter, L.
Abstract: Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained.
Published: 2022

32. Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database

Author: Jucker, T., Fischer, F. J., Chave, J., Coomes, D. A., Caspersen, J., Ali, A., Loubota, Panzou, G. J., Feldpausch, T. R., Falster, D., Usoltsev, V. A., Adu-Bredu, S., Alves, L. F., Aminpour, M., Angoboy, I. B., Anten, N. P. R., Antin, C., Askari, Y., Muñoz, R., Ayyappan, N., Balvanera, P., Banin, L., Barbier, N., Battles, J. J., Beeckman, H., Bocko, Y. E., Bond-Lamberty, B., Bongers, F., Bowers, S., Brade, T., van, Breugel, M., Chantrain, A., Chaudhary, R., Dai, J., Dalponte, M., Dimobe, K., Domec, J. -C., Doucet, J. -L., Duursma, R. A., Enríquez, M., van, Ewijk, K. Y., Farfán-Rios, W., Fayolle, A., Forni, E., Forrester, D. I., Gilani, H., Godlee, J. L., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Haeni, M., Hall, J. S., He, J. -K., Hemp, A., Hernández-Stefanoni, J. L., Higgins, S. I., Holdaway, R. J., Hussain, K., Hutley, L. B., Ichie, T., Iida, Y., Jiang, H. -S., Joshi, P. R., Kaboli, H., Larsary, M. K., Kenzo, T., Kloeppel, B. D., Kohyama, T., Kunwar, S., Kuyah, S., Kvasnica, J., Lin, S., Lines, E. R., Liu, H., Lorimer, C., Loumeto, J. -J., Malhi, Y., Marshall, P. L., Mattsson, E., Matula, R., Meave, J. A., Mensah, S., Mi, X., Momo, S., Moncrieff, G. R., Mora, F., Nissanka, S. P., O'Hara, K. L., Pearce, S., Pelissier, R., Peri, P. L., Ploton, P., Poorter, L., Pour, M. J., Pourbabaei, H., Dupuy-Rada, J. M., Ribeiro, S. C., Ryan, C., Sanaei, A., Sanger, J., Schlund, M., Sellan, G., Shenkin, A., Sonké, B., Sterck, F. J., Svátek, M., Takagi, K., Trugman, A. T., Ullah, F., Vadeboncoeur, M. A., Valipour, A., Vanderwel, M. C., Vovides, A. G., Wang, W., Wang, L. -Q., Wirth, C., Woods, M., Xiang, W., Ximenes, F. D. A., Xu, Y., Yamada, T., Zavala, M. A., Jucker, T., Fischer, F. J., Chave, J., Coomes, D. A., Caspersen, J., Ali, A., Loubota, Panzou, G. J., Feldpausch, T. R., Falster, D., Usoltsev, V. A., Adu-Bredu, S., Alves, L. F., Aminpour, M., Angoboy, I. B., Anten, N. P. R., Antin, C., Askari, Y., Muñoz, R., Ayyappan, N., Balvanera, P., Banin, L., Barbier, N., Battles, J. J., Beeckman, H., Bocko, Y. E., Bond-Lamberty, B., Bongers, F., Bowers, S., Brade, T., van, Breugel, M., Chantrain, A., Chaudhary, R., Dai, J., Dalponte, M., Dimobe, K., Domec, J. -C., Doucet, J. -L., Duursma, R. A., Enríquez, M., van, Ewijk, K. Y., Farfán-Rios, W., Fayolle, A., Forni, E., Forrester, D. I., Gilani, H., Godlee, J. L., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Haeni, M., Hall, J. S., He, J. -K., Hemp, A., Hernández-Stefanoni, J. L., Higgins, S. I., Holdaway, R. J., Hussain, K., Hutley, L. B., Ichie, T., Iida, Y., Jiang, H. -S., Joshi, P. R., Kaboli, H., Larsary, M. K., Kenzo, T., Kloeppel, B. D., Kohyama, T., Kunwar, S., Kuyah, S., Kvasnica, J., Lin, S., Lines, E. R., Liu, H., Lorimer, C., Loumeto, J. -J., Malhi, Y., Marshall, P. L., Mattsson, E., Matula, R., Meave, J. A., Mensah, S., Mi, X., Momo, S., Moncrieff, G. R., Mora, F., Nissanka, S. P., O'Hara, K. L., Pearce, S., Pelissier, R., Peri, P. L., Ploton, P., Poorter, L., Pour, M. J., Pourbabaei, H., Dupuy-Rada, J. M., Ribeiro, S. C., Ryan, C., Sanaei, A., Sanger, J., Schlund, M., Sellan, G., Shenkin, A., Sonké, B., Sterck, F. J., Svátek, M., Takagi, K., Trugman, A. T., Ullah, F., Vadeboncoeur, M. A., Valipour, A., Vanderwel, M. C., Vovides, A. G., Wang, W., Wang, L. -Q., Wirth, C., Woods, M., Xiang, W., Ximenes, F. D. A., Xu, Y., Yamada, T., and Zavala, M. A.
Abstract: Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research—from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non-forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC-BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599. To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology—from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle. © 2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Published: 2022

33. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author: Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Picard, N., Zhou, M., Pijanowski, B., Jacobs, D.F., Reich, P.B., Crowther, T.W., Nabuurs, G.-J., de-Miguel, S., Fang, J., Woodall, C.W., Svenning, J.-C., Jucker, T., Bastin, J.-F., Wiser, S.K., Slik, F., Hérault, B., Alberti, G., Keppel, G., Hengeveld, G.M., Ibisch, P.L., Silva, C.A., ter Steege, H., Peri, P.L., Coomes, D.A., Searle, E.B., von Gadow, K., Jaroszewicz, B., Abbasi, A.O., Abegg, M., Yao, Y.C. A., Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Zambrano, A.M.A., Altman, J., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Álvarez-González, J.G., Alves, L.F., Amani, B.H.K., Amani, C.A., Ammer, C., Ilondea, B.A., Antón-Fernández, C., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Azihou, A.F., Baard, J.A., Baker, T.R., Balazy, R., Bastian, M.L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M., Beeckman, H., Benu, N.M.H., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Briseno-Reyes, J., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bulte, E., Catlin, A.C., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R.G., Chen, H.Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Colletta, G.D., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Cuchietti, A., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Dar, J.A., Dayanandan, S., de Haulleville, T., Decuyper, M., Delabye, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Diisi, J., Do, T.V., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Durrheim, G.P., Obiang, N.L.E., Ewango, C.E.N., Eyre, T.J., Fayle, T.M., Feunang, L.F.N., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, Lorenzo., de Gasper, A.L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M.S., Gorenstein, Lev., Habonayo, R., Hardy, O.J., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Hubau, W., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Imani, G., Jagodzinski, A.M., Janecek, S., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jumbam, B., Kabelong, B. L. P. R., Kahsay, G.A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J.ustin N., Kearsley, E., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Khan, M. L., Kigomo, J.N., Kim, H.S., Klauberg, C., Klomberg, Y., Korjus, H., Kothandaraman, S., Kraxner, F., Kumar, A., Kuswandi, R., Lang, M., Lawes, M.J., Leite, R.V., Lentner, G., Lewis, S.L., Libalah, M.B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, P.M., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Lykke, A.M., Maicher, V., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E. H., Martynenko, O., Mbayu, F.M., Mbuvi, M. T. E., Meave, J. A., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Moreno, V. S., Morera, A., Mukul, S.A., Müller, J.C., Murdjoko, A., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Ndive, L.E., Neldner, V.J., Nevenic, R.V., Nforbelie, L.N., Ngoh, M.L., N’Guessan, A.E., Ngugi, M.R., Ngute, A. S. K., Njila, E. N. N., Nyako, M.C., Ochuodho, T.O., Oleksyn, J., Paquette, A., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O. L., Piedade, M.T. F., Piotto, D., Pollastrini, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J. R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S.G., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Sagheb-Talebi, K., Saikia, P., Sainge, M.N., Salas-Eljatib, C., Salis, A., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sellan, G., Selvi, F., Serra-Diaz, J.M., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Sist, P., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K.J., Sullivan, M. J. P., Sundarapandian, S., Svoboda, M., Swaine, M.D., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Trethowan, L.A., Tropek, R., Mukendi, J.T., Umunay, P.M., Usoltsev, V.A., Vaglio Laurin, G., Valentini, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Vega-Nieva, D.J., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Vieira, S.A., Vleminckx, J., Waite, C.E., Wang, H.-F., Wasingya, E.K., Wekesa, C., Westerlund, B., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I.C., Hui, C., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Picard, N., Zhou, M., Pijanowski, B., Jacobs, D.F., Reich, P.B., Crowther, T.W., Nabuurs, G.-J., de-Miguel, S., Fang, J., Woodall, C.W., Svenning, J.-C., Jucker, T., Bastin, J.-F., Wiser, S.K., Slik, F., Hérault, B., Alberti, G., Keppel, G., Hengeveld, G.M., Ibisch, P.L., Silva, C.A., ter Steege, H., Peri, P.L., Coomes, D.A., Searle, E.B., von Gadow, K., Jaroszewicz, B., Abbasi, A.O., Abegg, M., Yao, Y.C. A., Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Zambrano, A.M.A., Altman, J., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Álvarez-González, J.G., Alves, L.F., Amani, B.H.K., Amani, C.A., Ammer, C., Ilondea, B.A., Antón-Fernández, C., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Azihou, A.F., Baard, J.A., Baker, T.R., Balazy, R., Bastian, M.L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M., Beeckman, H., Benu, N.M.H., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Briseno-Reyes, J., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bulte, E., Catlin, A.C., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R.G., Chen, H.Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Colletta, G.D., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Cuchietti, A., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Dar, J.A., Dayanandan, S., de Haulleville, T., Decuyper, M., Delabye, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Diisi, J., Do, T.V., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Durrheim, G.P., Obiang, N.L.E., Ewango, C.E.N., Eyre, T.J., Fayle, T.M., Feunang, L.F.N., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, Lorenzo., de Gasper, A.L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M.S., Gorenstein, Lev., Habonayo, R., Hardy, O.J., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Hubau, W., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Imani, G., Jagodzinski, A.M., Janecek, S., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jumbam, B., Kabelong, B. L. P. R., Kahsay, G.A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J.ustin N., Kearsley, E., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Khan, M. L., Kigomo, J.N., Kim, H.S., Klauberg, C., Klomberg, Y., Korjus, H., Kothandaraman, S., Kraxner, F., Kumar, A., Kuswandi, R., Lang, M., Lawes, M.J., Leite, R.V., Lentner, G., Lewis, S.L., Libalah, M.B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, P.M., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Lykke, A.M., Maicher, V., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E. H., Martynenko, O., Mbayu, F.M., Mbuvi, M. T. E., Meave, J. A., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Moreno, V. S., Morera, A., Mukul, S.A., Müller, J.C., Murdjoko, A., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Ndive, L.E., Neldner, V.J., Nevenic, R.V., Nforbelie, L.N., Ngoh, M.L., N’Guessan, A.E., Ngugi, M.R., Ngute, A. S. K., Njila, E. N. N., Nyako, M.C., Ochuodho, T.O., Oleksyn, J., Paquette, A., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O. L., Piedade, M.T. F., Piotto, D., Pollastrini, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J. R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S.G., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Sagheb-Talebi, K., Saikia, P., Sainge, M.N., Salas-Eljatib, C., Salis, A., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sellan, G., Selvi, F., Serra-Diaz, J.M., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Sist, P., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K.J., Sullivan, M. J. P., Sundarapandian, S., Svoboda, M., Swaine, M.D., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Trethowan, L.A., Tropek, R., Mukendi, J.T., Umunay, P.M., Usoltsev, V.A., Vaglio Laurin, G., Valentini, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Vega-Nieva, D.J., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Vieira, S.A., Vleminckx, J., Waite, C.E., Wang, H.-F., Wasingya, E.K., Wekesa, C., Westerlund, B., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I.C., and Hui, C.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Author: Environmental Sciences, Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., Poorter, L., Environmental Sciences, Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., and Poorter, L.
Published: 2022

35. The number of tree species on Earth

Author: Cazzolla Gatti, R., Reich, P., Gamarra, J., Crowther, T., Hui, C., Morera, A., Bastin, J.-F., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Svenning, J.-C., Serra-Diaz, J., Merow, C., Enquist, B., Kamenetsky, M., Lee, J., Zhu, J., Fang, J., Jacobs, D., Pijanowski, B., Banerjee, A., Giaquinto, R., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarez-Davila, E., Araujo-Murakami, A., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Balazy, R., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brearley, F., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Castro da Silva, W., César, R., Češljar, G., Chama Moscoso, V., Chen, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Coomes, D., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., Dee, L., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Djuikouo, M., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Đorđević, I., Engel, J., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Fridman, J., Harris, D., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herault, B., Herold, M., Ibanez, T., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Jeffery, K., Johannsen, V., Jucker, T., Kangur, A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Khare, P., Kileen, T., Kim, H., Korjus, H., Kumar, A., Laarmann, D., Labrière, N., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marshall, A., Martynenko, O., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pallqui Camacho, N., Paquette, A., Park, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Petronelli, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piotto, D., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rojas Gonzáles, R., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Šebeň, V., Silveira, M., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Taedoumg, H., Tchebakova, N., Terborgh, J., Tikhonova, E., Torres-Lezama, A., van der Plas, F., Vásquez, R., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vilanova, E., Vos, V., Wang, H.-F., Westerlund, B., White, L., Wiser, S., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zemagho, L., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Liang, J., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Reich, P., Gamarra, J., Crowther, T., Hui, C., Morera, A., Bastin, J.-F., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Svenning, J.-C., Serra-Diaz, J., Merow, C., Enquist, B., Kamenetsky, M., Lee, J., Zhu, J., Fang, J., Jacobs, D., Pijanowski, B., Banerjee, A., Giaquinto, R., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarez-Davila, E., Araujo-Murakami, A., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Balazy, R., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brearley, F., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Castro da Silva, W., César, R., Češljar, G., Chama Moscoso, V., Chen, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Coomes, D., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., Dee, L., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Djuikouo, M., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Đorđević, I., Engel, J., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Fridman, J., Harris, D., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herault, B., Herold, M., Ibanez, T., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Jeffery, K., Johannsen, V., Jucker, T., Kangur, A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Khare, P., Kileen, T., Kim, H., Korjus, H., Kumar, A., Laarmann, D., Labrière, N., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marshall, A., Martynenko, O., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pallqui Camacho, N., Paquette, A., Park, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Petronelli, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piotto, D., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rojas Gonzáles, R., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Šebeň, V., Silveira, M., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Taedoumg, H., Tchebakova, N., Terborgh, J., Tikhonova, E., Torres-Lezama, A., van der Plas, F., Vásquez, R., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vilanova, E., Vos, V., Wang, H.-F., Westerlund, B., White, L., Wiser, S., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zemagho, L., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Liang, J.
Abstract: One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.
Published: 2022

36. From microbiotest to decision support system : an assessment framework for surface water toxicity

Author: Heinis, F., Brils, J. M., Klapwijk, S. P., de Poorter, L. R. M., Persoone, Guido, editor, Janssen, Colin, editor, and De Coen, Wim, editor
Published: 2000
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37. Photosynthetic thermotolerance of woody savanna species in China is correlated with leaf life span

Author: Zhang, Jiao-Lin, Poorter, L., Hao, Guang-You, and Cao, Kun-Fang
Published: 2012

38. Productive leaf functional traits of Chinese savanna species

Author: Zhang, Jiao-Lin, Poorter, L., and Cao, Kun-Fang
Published: 2012

39. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery

Author: Poorter, L., Craven, D., Jakovac, C.C., van der Sande, M.T., Amissah, L., Bongers, F., Chazdon, R.L., Farrior, C.E., Kambach, S., Meave, J.A., Muñoz, R., Norden, N., Rüger, N., van Breugel, M., Zambrano, A.M.A., Amani, B., Andrade, J.L., Brancalion, P.H.S., Broadbent, E.N., de Foresta, H., Dent, D.H., Derroire, G., DeWalt, S.J., Dupuy, J.M., Durán, S.M., Fantini, A.C., Finegan, B., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Hietz, P., Junqueira, A.B., N’dja, J.K., Letcher, S.G., Lohbeck, M., López-Camacho, R., Martínez-Ramos, M., Melo, F.P.L., Mora, F., Müller, S.C., N’Guessan, A.E., Oberleitner, F., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Pinho, B.X., Piotto, D., Powers, J.S., Rodríguez-Buriticá, S., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Ruíz, J., Tabarelli, M., Teixeira, H.M., de Sá Barretto Sampaio, E.V., van der Wal, H., Villa, P.M., Fernandes, G.W., Santos, B.A., Aguilar-Cano, J., de Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Alvarez-Davila, E., Arreola-Villa, F., Balvanera, P., Becknell, J.M., Cabral, G.A.L., Castellanos-Castro, C., de Jong, B.H.J., Nieto, J.E., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Fandino, M.C., García, H., García-Villalobos, D., Hall, J.S., Idárraga, A., Jiménez-Montoya, J., Kennard, D., Marín-Spiotta, E., Mesquita, R., Nunes, Y.R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Peña-Claros, M., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Villanueva, L.S., Schwartz, N.B., Steininger, M.K., Veloso, M.D.M., Vester, H.F.M., Vieira, I.C.G., Williamson, G.B., Zanini, K., Hérault, B., Environmental Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Mayor [Santiago de Chile], Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), CSIR- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Tree Improvement and seed Technology Division, UST, University of Connecticut (UCONN), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto Vasco de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJloG ), University of São Paulo (USP), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Institut national polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, and Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Reconstitution forestière, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, forêt tropicale, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Tropical forest, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection, Deforestation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Resilience, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Réhabilitation des forêts, 15. Life on land, South America, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Plant Production Systems, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Africa, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Secondary forests, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Crop and Weed Ecology, Restauration du paysage forestier, Zone tropicale
Abstract: International audience; Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and how their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across the tropics. Tropical forests are highly resilient to low-intensity land use; after 20 years, forest attributes attain 78% (33 to 100%) of their old-growth values. Recovery to 90% of old-growth values is fastest for soil (12 decades). Network analysis shows three independent clusters of attribute recovery, related to structure, species diversity, and species composition. Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation.
Published: 2021

40. Are Functional Traits Good Predictors of Demographic Rates? Evidence from Five Neotropical Forests

Author: Poorter, L., Wright, S. J., Paz, H., Ackerly, D. D., Condit, R., Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Harms, K. E., Licona, J. C., Martínez-Ramos, M., Mazer, S. J., Muller-Landau, H. C., Peña-Claros, M., Webb, C. O., and Wright, I. J.
Published: 2008

41. Leaf Traits Determine the Growth‐Survival Trade‐Off across Rain Forest Tree Species

Author: Sterck, F. J., Poorter, L., and Schieving, F.
Published: 2006
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42. Bioassays to Assess Treated (Remediated) Sediments

Author: Van Der Velde, R. T., Van De Guchte, C., Van Dillen, M. R. B., De Poorter, L. R. M., Arendt, F., editor, Annokkée, G. J., editor, Bosman, R., editor, and Van Den Brink, W. J., editor
Published: 1993
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43. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author: Brienen, R. J. W., Phillips, O. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Gloor, E., Baker, T. R., Lloyd, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S. L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E. J. M. M., Arroyo, L., Aymard, G. A. C., Bánki, O. S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R. G. A., Camargo, J. L. C., Castilho, C. V., Chama, V., Chao, K. J., Chave, J., Comiskey, J. A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E. A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, T. L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, D. R., Grahame, E. S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, W. F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W. E., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D. A., Nogueira, E. M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N. C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G. C., Pitman, N. C. A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, R. P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R. K., van der Heijden, G. M. F., van der Hout, P., Guimarães Vieira, I. C., Vieira, S. A., Vilanova, E., Vos, V. A., and Zagt, R. J.
Published: 2015
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44. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (5515), 10.1038/s41467-020-18996-3)

Author: Esquivel-Muelbert, A, Phillips, OL, Brienen, RJW, Fauset, S, Sullivan, MJP, Baker, TR, Chao, KJ, Feldpausch, TR, Gloor, E, Higuchi, N, Houwing-Duistermaat, J, Lloyd, J, Liu, H, Malhi, Y, Marimon, B, Marimon Junior, BH, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A, Poorter, L, Silveira, M, Torre, EV, Dávila, EA, del Aguila Pasquel, J, Almeida, E, Loayza, PA, Andrade, A, Aragão, LEOC, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Aymard C, GA, Baisie, M, Baraloto, C, Camargo, PB, Barroso, J, Blanc, L, Bonal, D, Bongers, F, Boot, R, Brown, F, Burban, B, Camargo, JL, Castro, W, Moscoso, VC, Chave, J, Comiskey, J, Valverde, FC, da Costa, AL, Cardozo, ND, Di Fiore, A, Dourdain, A, Erwin, T, Llampazo, GF, Vieira, ICG, Herrera, R, Honorio Coronado, E, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Jimenez-Rojas, E, Killeen, T, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Levesley, A, Lewis, SL, Ladvocat, KLLM, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Lovejoy, T, Meir, P, Mendoza, C, Morandi, P, Neill, D, Nogueira Lima, AJ, Vargas, PN, de Oliveira, EA, Camacho, NP, Pardo, G, Peacock, J, Peña-Claros, M, Peñuela-Mora, MC, Pickavance, G, Pipoly, J, Pitman, N, Prieto, A, Pugh, TAM, Quesada, C, Ramirez-Angulo, H, de Almeida Reis, SM, Rejou-Machain, M, Correa, ZR, Bayona, LR, Rudas, A, Salomão, R, Serrano, J, Espejo, JS, Silva, N, Singh, J, Stahl, C, Stropp, J, Swamy, V, Talbot, J, ter Steege, H, and Terborgh, J
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in Table 2, where the number of individuals in the “All Amazonia” row was reported as 11,6431 instead of 116,431. Also, the original version of this Article contained an error in the Methods, where the R2 for the proportion of broken/uprooted dead trees increase per year was reported as 0.12, the correct value being 0.06. The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Gerardo A. Aymard C. with UNELLEZGuanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress–Greenlife.
Published: 2021

45. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author: Blundo, C, Carilla, J, Grau, R, Malizia, A, Malizia, L, Osinaga-Acosta, O, Bird, M, Bradford, M, Catchpole, D, Ford, A, Graham, A, Hilbert, D, Kemp, J, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Ishida, FY, Marshall, A, Waite, C, Woell, H, Bastin, JF, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, De Canniere, C, de Haulleville, T, Doucet, JL, Hardy, O, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Brewer, SW, Alarcón, A, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Chavez, E, Fredericksen, T, Villaroel, RG, Sibauty, GG, Killeen, T, Licona, JC, Lleigue, J, Mendoza, C, Murakami, S, Gutierrez, AP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Poorter, L, Toledo, M, Cayo, JV, Viscarra, LJ, Vos, V, Ahumada, J, Almeida, E, Almeida, J, de Oliveira, EA, da Cruz, WA, de Oliveira, AA, Carvalho, FA, Obermuller, FA, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aquino, AC, Aragão, L, Araújo, AC, Assis, MA, Gomes, JAMA, Baccaro, F, de Camargo, PB, Barni, P, Barroso, J, Bernacci, LC, Bordin, K, de Medeiros, MB, Broggio, I, Camargo, JL, Cardoso, D, Carniello, MA, Rochelle, ALC, Castilho, C, Castro, AAJF, Castro, W, Ribeiro, SC, Costa, F, de Oliveira, RC, Coutinho, I, Cunha, J, da Costa, L, da Costa Ferreira, L, da Costa Silva, R, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, M, de Andrade Kamimura, V, de Lima, HC, de Oliveira Melo, L, de Queiroz, L, de Sousa Lima, JR, do Espírito Santo, M, Blundo, C, Carilla, J, Grau, R, Malizia, A, Malizia, L, Osinaga-Acosta, O, Bird, M, Bradford, M, Catchpole, D, Ford, A, Graham, A, Hilbert, D, Kemp, J, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Ishida, FY, Marshall, A, Waite, C, Woell, H, Bastin, JF, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, De Canniere, C, de Haulleville, T, Doucet, JL, Hardy, O, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Brewer, SW, Alarcón, A, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Chavez, E, Fredericksen, T, Villaroel, RG, Sibauty, GG, Killeen, T, Licona, JC, Lleigue, J, Mendoza, C, Murakami, S, Gutierrez, AP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Poorter, L, Toledo, M, Cayo, JV, Viscarra, LJ, Vos, V, Ahumada, J, Almeida, E, Almeida, J, de Oliveira, EA, da Cruz, WA, de Oliveira, AA, Carvalho, FA, Obermuller, FA, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aquino, AC, Aragão, L, Araújo, AC, Assis, MA, Gomes, JAMA, Baccaro, F, de Camargo, PB, Barni, P, Barroso, J, Bernacci, LC, Bordin, K, de Medeiros, MB, Broggio, I, Camargo, JL, Cardoso, D, Carniello, MA, Rochelle, ALC, Castilho, C, Castro, AAJF, Castro, W, Ribeiro, SC, Costa, F, de Oliveira, RC, Coutinho, I, Cunha, J, da Costa, L, da Costa Ferreira, L, da Costa Silva, R, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, M, de Andrade Kamimura, V, de Lima, HC, de Oliveira Melo, L, de Queiroz, L, de Sousa Lima, JR, and do Espírito Santo, M
Abstract: Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest sc
Published: 2021

46. Multidimensional tropical forest recovery

Author: Environmental Sciences, Poorter, L., Craven, D., Jakovac, C.C., van der Sande, M.T., Amissah, L., Bongers, F., Chazdon, R.L., Farrior, C.E., Kambach, S., Meave, J.A., Muñoz, R., Norden, N., Rüger, N., van Breugel, M., Zambrano, A.M.A., Amani, B., Andrade, J.L., Brancalion, P.H.S., Broadbent, E.N., de Foresta, H., Dent, D.H., Derroire, G., DeWalt, S.J., Dupuy, J.M., Durán, S.M., Fantini, A.C., Finegan, B., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Hietz, P., Junqueira, A.B., N’dja, J.K., Letcher, S.G., Lohbeck, M., López-Camacho, R., Martínez-Ramos, M., Melo, F.P.L., Mora, F., Müller, S.C., N’Guessan, A.E., Oberleitner, F., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Pinho, B.X., Piotto, D., Powers, J.S., Rodríguez-Buriticá, S., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Ruíz, J., Tabarelli, M., Teixeira, H.M., de Sá Barretto Sampaio, E.V., van der Wal, H., Villa, P.M., Fernandes, G.W., Santos, B.A., Aguilar-Cano, J., de Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Alvarez-Davila, E., Arreola-Villa, F., Balvanera, P., Becknell, J.M., Cabral, G.A.L., Castellanos-Castro, C., de Jong, B.H.J., Nieto, J.E., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Fandino, M.C., García, H., García-Villalobos, D., Hall, J.S., Idárraga, A., Jiménez-Montoya, J., Kennard, D., Marín-Spiotta, E., Mesquita, R., Nunes, Y.R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Peña-Claros, M., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Villanueva, L.S., Schwartz, N.B., Steininger, M.K., Veloso, M.D.M., Vester, H.F.M., Vieira, I.C.G., Williamson, G.B., Zanini, K., Hérault, B., Environmental Sciences, Poorter, L., Craven, D., Jakovac, C.C., van der Sande, M.T., Amissah, L., Bongers, F., Chazdon, R.L., Farrior, C.E., Kambach, S., Meave, J.A., Muñoz, R., Norden, N., Rüger, N., van Breugel, M., Zambrano, A.M.A., Amani, B., Andrade, J.L., Brancalion, P.H.S., Broadbent, E.N., de Foresta, H., Dent, D.H., Derroire, G., DeWalt, S.J., Dupuy, J.M., Durán, S.M., Fantini, A.C., Finegan, B., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Hietz, P., Junqueira, A.B., N’dja, J.K., Letcher, S.G., Lohbeck, M., López-Camacho, R., Martínez-Ramos, M., Melo, F.P.L., Mora, F., Müller, S.C., N’Guessan, A.E., Oberleitner, F., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Pinho, B.X., Piotto, D., Powers, J.S., Rodríguez-Buriticá, S., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Ruíz, J., Tabarelli, M., Teixeira, H.M., de Sá Barretto Sampaio, E.V., van der Wal, H., Villa, P.M., Fernandes, G.W., Santos, B.A., Aguilar-Cano, J., de Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Alvarez-Davila, E., Arreola-Villa, F., Balvanera, P., Becknell, J.M., Cabral, G.A.L., Castellanos-Castro, C., de Jong, B.H.J., Nieto, J.E., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Fandino, M.C., García, H., García-Villalobos, D., Hall, J.S., Idárraga, A., Jiménez-Montoya, J., Kennard, D., Marín-Spiotta, E., Mesquita, R., Nunes, Y.R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Peña-Claros, M., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Villanueva, L.S., Schwartz, N.B., Steininger, M.K., Veloso, M.D.M., Vester, H.F.M., Vieira, I.C.G., Williamson, G.B., Zanini, K., and Hérault, B.
Published: 2021

47. Dead wood is a source of life : Stem traits, fungal communities, and stem decomposition of temperate tree species

Author: Poorter, L., Sterck, F. J., Sass-Klaassen, U.G.W., Yang, Shanshan, Poorter, L., Sterck, F. J., Sass-Klaassen, U.G.W., and Yang, Shanshan
Abstract: Forests play a key role for terrestrial biodiversity. Trees are large and long-living organisms that define forest structure and form a key element in nutrient and carbon cycling. Tree species differ in ecological strategies and related functional traits, which may allow them to partition resources and coexist. It is well know that tree species differ in stem traits, but the afterlife effects of such traits for the diversity of decomposers (e.g., fungi, insects) within dead stem logs and their dynamics with ongoing decay are poorly known. To fill this knowledge gap, I studied the effects of stem traits on the infestation, composition and diversity of fungi during different phases of decay. I benefited from an existent long-term common garden decomposition experiment, called “LOGLIFE”. I showed how stem traits and related stem functions co-vary across species, and how these traits affect afterlife effects on the succession of diversity and composition of wood and bark inhabiting fungi over time, and the implications for wood decomposition. In this study, I included eight conifer and six broadleaf tree species in order to cover a wide variety of stem traits and thus explore the afterlife implications of such variation.In chapter 2 I investigated how stem traits vary across wood and bark of 14 temperate tree species, and what trait trade-offs and plant strategies are found. Stem trait variation was largely explained by major taxa and stem compartments, i.e., inner, outer wood and bark. A continuous plant strategy gradient was found across and within taxa, running from hydraulic safe Gymnosperms to conductive Angiosperms. Gymnosperms strongly converged in their trait strategies because of their uniform tracheids, whereas Angiosperms strongly diverged because of different vessel arrangement and tissue types. Bark had higher concentrations of nutrients and phenolics, whereas wood had stronger physical defence. This indicates that stem compartments fulfill different strate
Published: 2021

48. The ecology of a liana community in a SW Chinese rainforest: functional traits, dynamics, and distribution

Author: Poorter, L., Sterck, F.J., Zhang, J., Liu, Qi, Poorter, L., Sterck, F.J., Zhang, J., and Liu, Qi
Abstract: Tropical forests are global hotspots of biodiversity and important for the global carbon and water cycle. Lianas form a conspicuous element of tropical forests but have largely been ignored in species-level vegetation surveys. As a result, their ecology, in terms of functional traits, dynamics, and distribution are not fully understood. This study aims to improve our understanding of liana community ecology by analyzing species differences in functional traits, liana dynamics, and liana distributions in a tropical rainforest in SW China. I addressed three main questions in this thesis.In chapter 2, I address the question how species distribution and abundance are associated with soil nutrients, canopy gaps, and topography. I evaluated in a 20-ha forest plot the distribution of the 50 most abundant liana species, comprising > 18,000 individuals. Soil pH and P were the strongest drivers of liana species distribution and also strongly correlated with each other. Most liana species occurred under significantly higher or lower soil nutrient conditions than expected at random. Lianas mainly separated along the P gradient, whereas for N and K most liana species tended to occupy locations with high soil nutrient concentrations. This study highlights the importance of soil nutrient status, and especially phosphorus for liana niche partitioning in wet tropical forests on highly weathered soils. Most liana species had high resource requirements for N, K, and light, which come along with their fast growth and acquisitive resource use strategy. Hence, belowground resource availability plays an important role in shaping the assembly of liana communities.In chapter 3 I evaluate how functional trait associations shape abiotic niche dimensions. Eighteen functional traits related to light, water, or nutrient acquisition, storage and use were measured, and liana niche dimensions were quantified for 29 species, based on their distributions. I found two trait spectra; a tissue toughness
Published: 2021

49. Conifer tree species differ in traits, growth, and drought resilience

Author: Poorter, L., Sterck, F., Song, Yanjun, Poorter, L., Sterck, F., and Song, Yanjun
Abstract: Climate and climate change affect plant species worldwide. This PhD dissertation aims to understand how climatic variation and species traits affect the growth of a wide range of 28 conifer specie. I studied the stem growth of conifer species planted in 1960’s in a common garden experiment in the Netherlands and assessed growth sensitivity to climate variation and especially drought resilience, and its two underlying components, i.e., drought resistance (reduction in stem growth during a dry year) and drought recovery (a measure of achieving pre-drought growth rate). To identify possible mechanisms that can explain species differences in growth, I also measured 43 plant traits that are important for carbon, water, and nutrient use.In chapter 2, a dendrochronological approach was used to assess the growth sensitivity of 19 conifer species to climatic variation. The growth of conifers was most negatively affected by summer drought (significantly for 89% of species), followed by spring frost (37%) and winter cold (32%). This implies that conifer species will lose productivity in a warmer and drier future climate during the growing season.In chapter 3, I related drought resilience in stem growth to multiple dimensions of drought (timing, duration and severity), and addressed the possible underlying hydraulic mechanisms. Droughts led to 22% reduction in stem growth for 90% of species, but most species (80%) were resilient due to high recovery. Drought resistance decreased when droughts occurred early (significant for 65% of species), lasted longer (60%) or were more intense (55%). Surprisingly, hydraulic traits could not explain drought resilience of conifer species, perhaps because species avoid drought through other traits such as deep roots, leaf shedding or early leaf and cambial activity before summer drought. This chapter highlights the importance of addressing multiple dimensions of drought, i.e., timing, duration and severity to predict species responses to clima
Published: 2021

50. Plant species distribution along an elevational gradient in the Himalayas, Nepal : On drivers, mechanisms and the effects of climate change

Author: Poorter, L., Sterck, F.J., Raes, N., Maharjan, Surya Kumar, Poorter, L., Sterck, F.J., Raes, N., and Maharjan, Surya Kumar
Abstract: The Himalayas are amongst the global hotspots of biodiversity. Climate warming is forcing species to shift upslope at an alarming rate in the Himalayas, posing a serious threat to its biodiversity. To ensure present-day conservation and to accurately predict how montane plant species are likely to respond to future climate change, it is urgently needed to understand how environmental conditions and species properties (i.e. functional traits) shape species’ distributions along an elevational gradient (i.e. species’ elevational distributions). In this thesis, I analysed the elevational distribution patterns of 277 plant species along an elevational gradient in the Himalayas in Nepal, and showed which environmental factors best predict species’ elevational distributions and whether highland species occupy wider elevational ranges than lowland species; how functional traits shape species’ elevational positions and lead to species partitioning of the elevational gradient; and how future global warming will affect species’ elevational ranges and distribution areas.In Chapter 2, I asked which environmental factors best predict species’ elevational distributions and whether highland species occupy wider elevational ranges than lowland species because species living at harsher, more stressful and variable highland conditions would have wider physiological tolerances to environmental conditions and therefore occupy wider elevational ranges. For the 277 selected Himalayan plant species, I modelled their environmental niches using MaxEnt, by combining species occurrence data with 19 climatic, topographic and edaphic factors. I found that mean annual temperature, followed by soil clay content and slope are the key environmental factors that best predict species’ elevational distributions in the Himalayas. Apart from obvious changes in temperature and its temperature (e.g. temperature extremes) and non-temperature (such as irradiance and PET) covariates, both soil conditions and
Published: 2021

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