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Abstract Background Curcumin, a compound in turmeric, shows potential in cancer treatment but is hindered by low bioavailability and solubility. Nanocurcumin, enhanced through nanotechnology, addresses these limitations, offering potential in oncological applications. This review systematically examines the efficacy, bioavailability, and safety of nanocurcumin in cancer treatment, collating data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Methods A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across four major databases: PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase (up to February 2024). The selection criteria were based on the PICOT structure, and studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane bias risk tool for clinical studies and related checklists for in vitro and in vivo studies. Statistical analyses were performed in STATA software version 17. Results In total, 8403 articles were identified and assessed, and then only 61 articles were found eligible to be included. Nanocurcumin formulations, especially with Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), displayed superior solubility and therapeutic efficacy. In vitro studies highlighted its enhanced cellular uptake and anti-proliferative effects, particularly against cervical cancer cells. In vivo studies confirmed its chemopreventive efficacy and potential synergy with other cancer therapies. Though in early stages, clinical trials showed promise in reducing side effects and improving efficacy in cancer treatments. Conclusion Nanocurcumin shows promise as an innovative approach in cancer therapy, potentially offering improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared to traditional treatments. Early clinical trials indicate its potential to enhance the quality of life for cancer patients by mitigating treatment-related toxicities and improving therapeutic outcomes. However, larger randomized controlled trials are necessary to definitively establish its clinical efficacy, optimal dosing regimens, and long-term safety profile across various cancer types. As research progresses, nanocurcumin could become a valuable addition to the oncologist's toolkit, particularly in combination therapies or for patients intolerant to conventional treatments. Future clinical studies should focus on optimizing treatment protocols, identifying responsive patient populations, and assessing long-term outcomes to facilitate the translation of these promising findings into standard clinical practice.

Background and Objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors; the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer are on the increase nowadays. Helicobacter pylori(H.Pylori) causes chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cycloocygenase-2 (COX-2) is the central enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway to prostaglandins. Studies from different laboratories suggested that over-expression of COX-2 was detected in colon and other tumors. To obtain direct evidence concerning this relationship, we investigated the immunohistochemical findings of gastric mucosa using an animal model of gastric cancer induced by H. pylori in sprague dawley rat.Methods: The rats were randomly assigned into three groups(n=5). Those of experimental group2 were given MNU. one week after completion of MNU administration, rats in experimental groups 1 were inoculated with H. pylori three times every other day. Rats in control group(group 3) received neither MNU nor H. pylori. Rats of groups 1, 2, and control group were maintained on standard diets throughout the experiment. Rat were weighed and sacrificed under anesthesia with ether at 20 weeks after infection. One half of the excised stomachs, were fixed in neutral-buffered 10% formalin and were cut into approximately six strips, which were processed by standard methods, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6 µm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry for Cox-2 protein detection. To confirm H. pylori infection, samples ( 3-mm2) of stomach mucosa transferred to appropriate medium and Colonies were identified by characteristic Gram’s stain morphology, and by urease, catalase, and oxidase activity sample was also placed into the gel of a rapid urease test kit.Results: Data showed a significant decrease of animal body weight in experimental groups compared with control group. Histopathological studies showed severe infiltration of the lamina propria and submucusaal layer by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells appeared in the antrum, with an increase in epithelial cell proliferation, and the infiltration of focal oesophageal. Control animals showed no abnormal findings throughout the entire observation period. COX-2 protein was expressed in experimental groups but there were no evidence of cox-2 protein expression in control group.Conclusion: Data showed that the H. pylori caused significant decrease of body weight in experimental group. In addition, histological studies showed evidence of metaplasia in rat stomach. Immunohistochemichas studies showed cox-2 protein expression occurred during early stage of metaplasia induction.

Objective: Enhanced cell survival and drug resistance in tumor cells have been linked to the overexpression of antiapoptoticmembers of the Bcl-2 family proteins, including Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. The aim of this study was to explore theimpact of formononetin and dihydroartemisinin combination on the growth and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia(AML) cells.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the cell survival and cell proliferation were tested by MTT assay andtrypan blue staining. The evaluation of cell apoptosis was conducted using Hoechst 33342 staining and a colorimetricassay to measure caspase-3 activity. To determine the mRNA levels of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bax, and Cyclin D1, a quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed.Results: We showed that treatment with either formononetin or dihydroartemisinin alone, led to significant decreasein the cell survival and growth, and triggered apoptosis in U937 and KG-1 AML cell lines. Moreover, treatment witheach of the compounds alone significantly decreased the mRNA levels of Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1 mRNA, while, theexpression level of Bax mRNA was enhanced. Combination of two compounds showed a synergistic anti-cancer effect.Conclusion: The anti-leukemic potential of formononetin and dihydroartemisinin is exerted through the effect on cellcycle progression and intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Therefore, they can be considered as a potential anti-leukemicagent alone or along with existing chemotherapeutic drugs.

Neural cells are the most important components of the nervous system and have the duty of electrical signal transmission.Damage to these cells can lead to neurological disorders. Scientists have discovered different methods, such as stem celltherapy, to heal or regenerate damaged neural cells. Dental stem cells are among the different cells used in this method.This review attempts to evaluate the effect of biomaterials mentioned in the cited papers on differentiation of human dentalpulp stem cells (hDPSCs) into neural cells for use in stem cell therapy of neurological disorders. We searched internationaldatabases for articles about the effect of biomaterials on neuronal differentiation of hDPSCs. The relevant articles werescreened by title, abstract, and full text, followed by selection and data extraction. Totally, we identified 731 articles and chose18 for inclusion in the study. A total of four studies employed polymeric scaffolds, four assessed chitosan scaffolds (CS),two utilised hydrogel scaffolds, one investigation utilised decellularised extracellular matrix (ECM), and six studies appliedthe floating sphere technique. hDPSCs could heal nerve damage in regenerative medicine. In the third iteration of nerveconduits, scaffolds, stem cells, regulated growth factor release, and ECM proteins restore major nerve damage. hDPSCsmust differentiate into neural cells or neuron-like cells to regenerate nerves. Plastic-adherent cultures, floating dentospherecultures, CS, polymeric scaffolds, hydrogels, and ECM mimics have been used to differentiate hDPSCs. According toour findings, the floating dentosphere technique and 3D-PLAS are currently the two best techniques since they result inneuroprogenitor cells, which are the starting point of differentiation and they can turn into any desired neural cell.

In this paper, two new approximate subtractors are presented. The proposed circuits are implemented based on gate diffusion input (GDI) and dynamic threshold (DT) techniques and are named Proposed-1 and Proposed-2. The Proposed-1 subtractor has 10 transistors, while Proposed-2 has 12 transistors. Subtractors are implemented by 32 nm carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) technology. Various studies have been performed and show the high efficiency and performance of the circuits in different conditions without reducing their output voltage, which is caused by the use of DT in their implementation. The proposed circuits use XOR and NOT gates, both of which have 4 out of 8 error states. The presented subtractors can be implemented in an unsigned non-recovery divider with different structures including vertical, horizontal, square and triangular, etc., and finally, they can be used in image processing applications to detect the difference between two images, either medical or standard images. The simulation results show the better performance of the proposed circuits, Proposed-1 and Proposed-2 save PDP of 88.36% and 83.25%, respectively.

The Treatise of Jami’ al-Hidayah fi ‘Ilm al-Remayah written by Nizam al-Din Ahmad bin Muhammad known as Shuja al-Din Doroodbashi Beyhaqi, which was written in 718 A.H. with subject of shooting and archery techniques, which are arranged in seventeen separate chapters. This Treatise was published for the first time by Daneshpazhooh in 1963 in “Farhang Iranzmin” magazine without correction, editing and research on its text, based on one manuscript he had; while today thirteen manuscripts of this treatise have been registered in different Iranian and foreign libraries. because this treatise has historical and content importance, the authors intend to research on the text, in addition to introducing it, to express the necessity of correcting and edited publishing of this treatise.This research has been done with descriptive-analytical method and using available library resources. Considering that the writer of this treatise was an expert in shooting and archery, the content of the treatise, also the type and style of words and military terms usage in it are significant, and recording theme in dictionaries has a lot of importance to enrich the Persian language in this field; Also, this treatise is complementary to other treatises in this content, which prepares the way for more complete researches in this field. Regardless of the frequent use of special shooting and archery words in it, this treatise is devoid of outstanding linguistic features. Also, the prose of this treatise is eloquent, which in some cases is accompanied by verses from prominent poets of Persian literature.

Usul Qazaba written by Qelichullah Ibn Muhammad Qelich Ansari Gujarati, is one of the most important treatises related to shooting and archery in the Persian language, which was written in the middle of the eleventh century of Hijri. In this treatise, which is written in eleven Criterion, and one Ending, the author describes and explains the discussed topics with complete proficiency. Nine manuscripts have been obtained from this valuable treatise, except for the one of them in Ayatollah Marashi’s library with number 16290 in Qom, all other manuscripts are kept in libraries outside Iran. Considering the importance of the subject and content of this treatise, as well as its openness in the understanding and completing the other shooting treatises, the authors intend to introduce and recognize this treatise as much as possible through the textual examining and stylistic analyzing of the only available version, and to prepare conditions for its printing.In the current research, this treatise has been examined from three levels of literature, language and content, and based on its results, several prominent features are worth noting: extensive attention to religious themes and believes; including special and unfamiliar words and terms in the specialized field; Gathering useful information about some topics related to shooting, such as Ghalib and Maghlub, cognition of horse and knowledge of Rijal al-Ghaib; having simple prose and away from complexity; not paying attention to rhetorical and artistic aspects. This research has been carried out with the descriptive-analytical method and using the available library resources.

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract account for about 30% of malformations diagnosed in children. These malformations may have derived from cellular and molecular deterioration. Some of these abnormalities, including accessory renal arteries, ureter duplication, and lobulated kidneys require early diagnosis before kidney transplantation and pelvic surgeries. During the routine dissection of an about 60-year-old man cadaver at Arak University of Medical Sciences, some congenital anomalies of the urinary system, including bilateral ureter on the left side and lobulated of both kidneys were observed. In this case, also an accessory renal artery was originated from the abdominal aorta and entered the lower pole of the left kidney hilum. Immediate identification of accessory renal arteries and duplicated ureters are necessary for kidney transplantation and prevention of vesicoureteral reflux. Early diagnosis of these problems through clinical symptoms and radiographic images before surgery is important as it reduces the possibility of errors or surgery compilations.

ObjectiveThe role of adiponectin in sperm function is inconclusive and there is a paucity of evidence. Obesity showsan ambiguous influence on sperm motility, and male subfertility. The aim of this study was to compare the role ofadiponectin and sperm functional parameters among obese and non-obese men.Materials and MethodsIn this comprehensive study, 64 male patients were included, and were classified asnon-obese [body mass index (BMI)< 24.9 kg/m2, n=32] and obese (BMI >25 kg/m2, n=32) groups. Sperm analysis,was conducted using World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 standards. Real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for the analysis of adiponectin gene expressionand protein levels, respectively. Sperm viability was assessed using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT test), Acridine orange (AO) test was utilized to detect DNA denaturation, andsperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) technique was used to investigate the fragmentation of DNA.ResultsIn obese men, adiponectin gene expression (P

Correction to: Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract in a Dissected Cadaver: Case Report Mohammad Hassan Sakhaie1, Marziyeh Pooladi2, Soheila Madadi3, Yusef Abbasi1 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran In the article published in volume 33, issue 223, 2023, the affiliation of Soheila Madadi was published incorrectly, which is now corrected.

Despite the writing of various dictionaries in the Persian language, there are still many Persian words that have been overlooked by lexicographers or some forms of them have not been recorded. Recently, with the study of various Persian sources and the preparation of rich corpora, attempts have been made to record the lost words and to some extent compensate, but still this problem has not been solved properly. The Adab al-Harb va al-Shaja’ah is one of the valuable Persian works that has a great reputation both in terms of antiquity and having general words and military terms that many of these words has not been registered. Also, due to the specialization of this book in the military subject, research in this subject is of great importance; However, due to the wide range of military terms and their various dimensions in this book, it is not possible to research in all these dimensions; Therefore, in this study, only military words that related to the types of arrowheads and Maces are recorded and introduced for the first time. The method is to study this book and extract related words, and the next step is to search in Persian dictionaries to make it clear that these words have not been previously recorded in any of them. The result of this research indicates that there are thirteen military terms that have not been recorded in any dictionaries so far, and this paper is the first that records and registers these terms.

Background & Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Treatment methods for this disease have been with poor results. In recent years, more attention has been paid to stem cells due to their cytotoxic properties. According to previous results, the effect of nanoquercetin on breast cancer cells in this study was used concomitantly with doxorubicin, which is a chemotherapy drug and in some patients has therapeutic resistance. Materials & Methods: The above study was performed on MCF7 and BT474 human breast cancer cells. Quercetin was synthesized, then different concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 of quercetin and 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml of doxorubicin were prepared and two cell lines were treated for 24 h. MTT test was used to determine cell viability and flow cytometry test was used to determine the extent of apoptosis in both cell lines. Results: The results showed that MCF7 and BT474 cells that were affected by quercetin and doxorubicin, increasing the concentration of quercetin and doxorubicin decreased the survival of both cell lines within 24 h. The LC50 concentration was calculated for both cells treated with nanoquercetin 40 μg/ml and for doxorubicin doxorubicin (0.1 mg/ml). The results also showed that in both cell lines, an increase in cellular apoptosis occurred after incubation with quercetin and then incubation with doxorubicin. Conclusion: Comparison of doxorubicin (DOX), quercetin (QU) and quercetin and doxorubicin (QU-DOX) groups with controls shows that with the presence of quercetin-doxorubicin, it had a greater inhibitory effect on cancer cells.

Background: Dysfunctional families suffer from poor communication, negative relationships, and countless conflicts. Achieving goals is challenging in such families and requires significant energy. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and integrated behavioral couples therapy (IBCT) in improving intimacy and family functioning in divorce-seeking couples in Bushehr City, Iran in 2020. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of all married couples applying for a divorce in Bushehr City, Iran. A total of 45 couples were selected as the sample through convenience sampling and were randomly and equally assigned to three groups. The research instruments included, Walker and Thompson intimacy scale, and the McMaster family assessment device. The data were statistically analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance via SPSS software. The Bonferroni post hoc test was used to determine the mean difference between the groups. Results: The results showed a significant difference between ACT and IBCT groups with the control group in the posttest scores for intimacy and family functioning (P

Abstract Background & Objective: According to research, breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women. Nanomaterials of various materials significantly increase the solubility, stability and effective drug delivery, and in recent years research on the effectiveness of essential oils and plant extracts on inhibiting the growth of cancer cells is expanding. Artemisia belongs to the Asteraceae family. In many studies, the effectiveness of the essential oil and extract of this plant on inhibiting the growth of cancer cells has been reported. Materials & Methods: In this experiment, nanoparticles containing Artemisia absinthium L essential oil (thistle) were first synthesized by homogenizer & sonication method and then their physicochemical properties were determined, such as particle size, particle size distribution, zeta potential, percentage of loading efficiency. Essential oils, particle shape. Then, the anti-apoptotic effect of lipid nanoparticles containing Artemisia essential oil in breast cancer cells (BRC-03) was evaluated. Results: The results of cellular effect of lipid nanoparticles containing essential oil of Artemisia absinthium L (thistle) on breast cancer cells showed that increasing the concentration of lipid nanoparticles containing essential oil of this plant reduced the survival rate of cancer cells. Breast (BRC-03) was purified compared to essential oil (p

Background: Numerous studies have examined the relationship between sexual variety, activated cognitive schemas and sensation seeking among men. However, research on the development of a structural model for predicting sexual variety based on sensation seeking by mediating cognitive schemas activated among married men has been neglected. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the structural equation model for predicting sexual variety based on sensation seeking by mediating cognitive schemas activated among married men in Shiraz. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all married men referring to counseling centers in Shiraz. Of this number, 240 men were selected by using availability sampling method. For collecting data, sexual variety Questionnaire (Glass & Wright, 1992), Sensation seeking scale (Arnett, 1994), and Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context Questionnaire (Nobre & Pinto-Gouveia, 2009) were used.The fitness of the proposed model was estimated through structural equation modeling. Results: The results of the research showed that the research model has a good fit. The results of Pearson 's correlation coefficient test showed that there is a significant relationship between sensation seeking variables, cognitive activated schemas and sexual variety (P

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one of the economically important plant viruses which causes disease in various crops throughout the world. It has been reported that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be used as potential biocontrol agents against plant viruses. Herein, greenhouse experiments were conducted to undertake the trilateral interactions among PGPR, bell pepper, and TMV. To this end, four-leaf-stage bell pepper seedlings were pre-treated by the PGPR, including Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, and Bacillus subtilis in single and multiple application methods. The plants were then mechanically inoculated with TMV and visually inspected for symptom development till 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). The TMV accumulation in inoculated plants was quantitatively measured by Indirect-ELISA 28 dpi. Analysis of the extinction values showed that application of the PGPR was associated with the least significant (p < 0.05) value (0.08) compared to the positive control (0.77). Inoculation of PGPR triggered the biosynthesis of the defense-related enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, mediating the biochemical protection against TMV in bell pepper plants. In addition to the disease control, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in growth parameters was observed in PGPR-treated plants compared to the control plants. In conclusion, these results indicated that multiple applications of PGPR strains enhanced the plant vigor and provided an increased level of TMV suppression in bell pepper plants.

Due to the high approximation power and simplicity of computation of smooth radial basis functions (RBFs), in recent decades they have received much attention for function approximation. These RBFs contain a shape parameter that regulates their approximation power and stability but its optimal selection is challenging. To avoid this difficulty, this paper follows a novel and computationally efficient strategy to propose a space of radial polynomials with even degree that well approximates flat RBFs. The proposed space, Hn, is the shifted radial polynomials of degree 2n. By obtaining the dimension of Hn and introducing a basis set, it is shown that Hn is considerably smaller than P2n while the distances from RBFs to both Hn and P2n are nearly equal. For computation, by introducing new basis functions, two computationally efficient approaches are proposed. Finally, the presented theoretical studies are verified by the numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: The Physalis alkekengi is a herbaceous plant belonging to Solanaceae family. According to research, this plant can help inhibit cancer cell growth. Materials & Methods: In this study, the extract of Physalis alkekengi was used to suppress angiogenesis in Balb/c mice. First, the MC4L2 cells were injected in the mice breastbone and the tumor began to grow in this area, then the mice were killed and the tumor removed from the mice and inserted in the test mice by surgical technique. Then, the mice were gavaged for 3 weeks at 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg daily Physalis alkekengi extract, and then the mice were killed and their tumor tissue removed, and tumor growth, apoptotic cell tissue and expression of VEGF gene were studied. Results: The results of this study showed that the hydroalcholic extract of Physalis alkekengi had a significant effect on tumor growth reduction in experimental groups 2 (50mg/kg body weight) and 3 (100 mg/kg) compared to the control group. Also, the results of the apoptotic cell in tissue showed that the extract of Physalis alkekengi significantly induced apoptotic and necrotic cells in experimental groups in comparison with the control group. The results of RT- PCR showed that the expression of VEGF gene in the experimental groups (50 mg/kg body weight) was significantly (P

Background: Despite the recommendations to follow guidelines for the prevention of COVID-19, different communities do not completely adhere to these guidelines. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of the adherence of the people of Sanandaj to the COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Materials & Methods: The present study was a qualitative content analysis study conducted in 2020. A purposive sampling method among the residents of Sanandaj, Iran was applied and continued until data saturation was achieved. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. A verbatim transcription of interviews was analyzed through qualitative conventional content analysis. Results: Participants included 12 men and 8 women. Data analysis yielded 8 categories and 26 sub-categories regarding the barriers and facilitators of the participants’ adherence to the COVID-19 prevention guidelines. The barriers included myths, being under pressure, and letting and facilitators included awareness, fear, commitment, unity against the disease, and warnings. Conclusion: According to the findings, it is necessary to correct people’s beliefs, support them, and continue to make them informed about the disease. Increasing awareness and commitment, strengthening the spirit of unity among people, and increasing the level of warnings can be effective in increasing adherence of people to the COVID-19 prevention guidelines.

In this study, we assessed the simultaneous removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions, using Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/nano-Magnetite (Fe3O4) composite as an efficient adsorbent. Chitosan and HAP are low cost and accessible material, extracted from shrimp shell and bone ash, respectively. The magnetite nano-particles were synthesized and then used for the quick and easy separation of the adsorbent from the solution using an external magnet. The newly synthesized adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The evaluation of metal ions concentration within the samples was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Several isotherm models such as Freundlich, Tempkin and Langmuir models have been used for mechanistic studies. The results showed that the adsorption data were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm for Zn2+ (R2 = 0.987) and Tempkin isotherm for Cu2+ (R2 = 0.987). Four Conventional kinetic models were applied, and the results indicated that the pseudo-second-order model has convenient fitting with the adsorption data for both ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+). Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated to obtain the nature of the adsorption process onto the composite and revealed that the adsorption process was physical and spontaneous. By using central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM), the percentage level of ion removal was investigated with respect to several parameters such as the contact time, initial concentrations of Cu (II), concentration of Zn (II), pH, and adsorbent dosage. The optimized value for these parameters were 65 min, 2.87 mg L−1, 2.61 mg L−1, 5.5, and 0.018 g, respectively.

Background and Aim: Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) is a common genetic condition in children. It is becoming increasingly recognized that in neurofibromatosis, there might be anomalous development of bone with or without any local anomaly of neuroectodermal basis. This review was conducted to highlight the different features of spinal disorders in this congenital disease. Methods and Materials: Different search engines were used in this research. After going through the results and discarding the repeated ones, 2 reviewers began to inspect the studies independent of one another. In case of any disagreements between the reviewers over the inclusion of certain research material into the study, the final decision was made by the senior author. In the end, accepted research materials were used as needed in categorizing different types of spinal injuries. Results: Skeletal defects are among the most effective complications on the quality of life of patients. Bone deformities, osteoporosis, osteopenia, reduction of bone mass density, and spinal osteopathy such as scoliosis among such defects. Although the relative prevalence of spinal defects in neurofibromatosis type 1 is not clear, scoliosis can be considered the most common type of spinal deformity in this illness to the point it is present in 10 to 71% of cases. Thus, spine surgeons may face numerous common challenging conditions in NF1 patients like scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, and dural ectasia. Conclusion: As NF1 distresses several organ systems, radiologic spine screening is important in patients with NF1 and patients are likely to profit most from a multidisciplinary treatment policy.

St. Augustine, a Christian philosopher and prolocutor, and Avicenna, a Muslim philosopher and theologian, are both prominent personalities in philosophy and theology. “state Theory” is one of the key issues in political thought. Therefore, in this paper, we study and compare the issue from the viewpoints of the two philosophers in terms of the origin and nature of the government and its relation with conceptual, functional, and structural perspectives. Thus, the research question is: How can we conceptualize and compare Government Theory in Avicenna and St. Augustine’s political philosophy in terms of the origin and nature (of the government)? To address and examine the question, it is hypothesized that in Augustine’s viewpoint, the government is rooted in the human beings’ “first sin” and rebellious nature, having a customary nature, and its only function is maintaining security and peace in society. According to Avicenna’s theory, however, the government is originated in a divine and civil nature of human beings, being religious in nature, and its function is leading society towards the prosperity of this world and the salvation of the other world in an ideal way. The findings indicate that the starting point of each of the philosophers on human being’s nature determines the nature of the government in terms of the customary or religious nature and functional or structural perspectives. Therefore, in Augustine’s viewpoint, the government has an instrumental and mechanical approach; while, in Avicenna’s political viewpoint, the government has an organic approach from the conceptual perspective. Furthermore, Augustine’s theory is related to a realistic attitude, while, Avicenna’s theory is related to an idealistic approach. The inquiry uses a descriptive-analytical method and as library-based research has been carried out through careful analysis and evaluation of the existing literature and research on the subject.

The purpose of this study was to promote working memory and processing speed in children and adolescents surviving from acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a history of chemotherapy, utilizing a cognitive rehabilitation training. The population of this research, which is an applied and quasi-experimental study, included 60 adolescents survived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (32 female and 28 male) with a history of chemotherapy who attended Imam Reza Outpatient Oncology Clinic (Shiraz, Iran) during last year[AJ1] (1397- 1398). The participants were assigned using target-based sampling and random assignment methods to two groups of intervention and waiting list (control group) (n=30 per group, 16 female & 14 male). The subjects in the experimental group were provided with 12 forty-five -minute sessions of cognitive rehabilitation training, using the software “CogMed”. The data was obtained using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-4) in three stages of pretest, post-test, and follow-up (2 months after post-test). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). Results showed significant improvements in the scores of working memory and processing speed in the intervention group (p < 0.01, working memory mean in pretest in experimental and control group respectively: 12.4 and 11.60 & in post-test: 17.25 and 11.50; and processing speed mean in pretest in experimental and control group respectively: 51.45 & 51.70 and in post-test: 59.95 & 51.70). Thus, cognitive rehabilitation appears to be useful for adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Abstract The report of LMNB2‐related progressive myoclonus epilepsy and ataxia due to missense homozygous c.473G>T variant.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins. Up to now, 13 AQPs have been known in mammals. AQPs play a key role in water osmotic flow in various cells. the members of aquaporin protein family have been identified as H2O transposters across organelle and plasma membranes. AQPs of the aquaammoniaporin type are highly permeable for water and ammonia. In this study, we have evaluated the structure of AQP5 using two computational methods. We investigated the potential and kinetic energy, as well as maximum and minimum difference of atomic charge for AQP5. The atomic study of AQP5 protein showed that the minimum and maximum value of atomic charge in the presence and absence of water were related to sections (1-15). The water effect is generally considered to be the major driving force in the folding of AQP5. different sections of AQP5 behaved different in the presence or absence of water, and have different functionalities. Also, the absolute value of atomic charge difference for AQP5 sections was proven as an important feature in protein structural changes. HIGHLIGHTS •AQP5’s function and structure are dependent on the presence and absence of water. •The presence of water molecules around AQP5 protein causes changes in dynamic properties. •The optimum functions of AQP5 are arisen at low energy levels and the presence of water. •kinetic energy for AQP5 protein in mode of no water has the lowest fluctuations but in presence of water considerable fluctuations are seen.