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1,285 results on '"Pontarelli A"'

1. Hybrid endovascular and surgical staged approach for mycotic carotid pseudoaneurysms: a case report and literature review

Author

Sallustro Marianna, Ficarelli Ilaria, Prisco Teresa, Pontarelli Armando, Foschini Giuseppe, Toni Marisole, Rinaldi Valerio, Nardi Priscilla, Piergaspare Palumbo, Illuminati Giulio, D’Andrea Vito, and Ruotolo Carlo

Subjects
mycotic, carotid, pseudoaneurysm, graft, stentgraft, vein, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

BackgroundMycotic carotid pseudoaneurysms represent a challenge for surgeons. They are rare and associated with high mortality and morbidity.MethodsWe reported a case of a 61-year-old man with a mycotic pseudoaneurysm of carotid bifurcation. The case was managed by a staged procedure, starting with initial endovascular control using a stent graft, followed by open arterial reconstruction using a saphenous vein graft.ResultsThe patient was discharged home with a patent carotid artery and no sign of infection or bleeding. A computed tomography scan performed at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year later confirmed good patency of the graft without imaging of cerebral ischemia.ConclusionsMycotic pseudoaneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery are rare and should always be treated surgically. This disease, despite its rarity, requires early detection and treatment to avoid fatal outcomes. A hybrid staged approach is suggested, compared to one-staged surgery, to avoid rupture and improve clinical outcomes. This approach involves using a stent graft combined with antibiotic therapy as bridge treatment until definitive surgery can be performed to enable arterial reconstruction with an autologous graft.

Published
2024
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2. DNA Replication across α-l-(3-2)-Threofuranosyl Nucleotides Mediated by Human DNA Polymerase η.

Author

Tomar, Rachana, Ghodke, Pratibha, Patra, Amritraj, Smyth, Elizabeth, Pontarelli, Alexander, Copp, William, Guengerich, F, Chaput, John, Wilds, Christopher, Stone, Michael, and Egli, Martin

Subjects
Humans, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, DNA Replication, DNA, Nucleotides, Crystallography, X-Ray, Models, Molecular
Abstract

α-l-(3-2)-Threofuranosyl nucleic acid (TNA) pairs with itself, cross-pairs with DNA and RNA, and shows promise as a tool in synthetic genetics, diagnostics, and oligonucleotide therapeutics. We studied in vitro primer insertion and extension reactions catalyzed by human trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase η (hPol η) opposite a TNA-modified template strand without and in combination with O4-alkyl thymine lesions. Across TNA-T (tT), hPol η inserted mostly dAMP and dGMP, dTMP and dCMP with lower efficiencies, followed by extension of the primer to a full-length product. hPol η inserted dAMP opposite O4-methyl and -ethyl analogs of tT, albeit with reduced efficiencies relative to tT. Crystal structures of ternary hPol η complexes with template tT and O4-methyl tT at the insertion and extension stages demonstrated that the shorter backbone and different connectivity of TNA compared to DNA (3 → 2 versus 5 → 3, respectively) result in local differences in sugar orientations, adjacent phosphate spacings, and directions of glycosidic bonds. The 3-OH of the primers terminal thymine was positioned at 3.4 Å on average from the α-phosphate of the incoming dNTP, consistent with insertion opposite and extension past the TNA residue by hPol η. Conversely, the crystal structure of a ternary hPol η·DNA·tTTP complex revealed that the primers terminal 3-OH was too distant from the tTTP α-phosphate, consistent with the inability of the polymerase to incorporate TNA. Overall, our study provides a better understanding of the tolerance of a TLS DNA polymerase vis-à-vis unnatural nucleotides in the template and as the incoming nucleoside triphosphate.

Published
2024

4. Seamless Integration of Efficient 6G Wireless Technologies for Communication and Sensing Enabling Ecosystems.

Author

Jesús Gutiérrez 0004, Vladica Sark, Mert özates, Anna Tzanakaki, Markos P. Anastasopoulos, Valerio Frascolla, Ioanna Mesogiti, Elina Theodoropoulou, George L. Lyberopoulos, Luis Díez 0002, Ramón Agüero, Ignacio Santamaría, Padmanava Sen, Simon Pryor, Shahid Mumtaz, Salvatore Pontarelli, Federico Trombetti, Novella Bartolini, Eduard A. Jorswieck, Xi Ding, and Navid Nikaein

Published
2024
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5. Seamless Integration of Efficient 6G Wireless Technologies for Communication and Sensing Enabling Ecosystems

Author

Gutiérrez, Jesús, Sark, Vladica, Özates, Mert, Tzanakaki, Anna, Anastasopoulos, Markos, Frascolla, Valerio, Mesogiti, Ioanna, Theodoropoulou, Elina, Lyberopoulos, George, Diez, Luis, Agüero, Ramón, Santamaría, Ignacio, Sen, Padmanava, Pryor, Simon, Mumtaz, Shahid, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Trombetti, Federico, Bartolini, Novella, Jorswieck, Eduard, Ding, Xi, Nikaein, Navid, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Carette, Jacques, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Maglogiannis, Ilias, editor, Iliadis, Lazaros, editor, Karydis, Ioannis, editor, Papaleonidas, Antonios, editor, and Chochliouros, Ioannis, editor

Published
2024
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6. Disparities in tuberculosis diagnostic delays between native and migrant populations in Italy: A multicenter study

Author

Di Gennaro, Francesco, Cotugno, Sergio, Guido, Giacomo, Cavallin, Francesco, Pisaturo, Mariantonietta, Onorato, Lorenzo, Zimmerhofer, Federica, Pipitò, Luca, De Iaco, Giuseppina, Bruno, Giuseppe, Fasano, Massimo, Pontarelli, Agostina, Botta, Annarita, Iacovazzi, Tiziana, Lattanzio, Rossana, Di Bari, Virginia, Panico, Gianfranco, Libertone, Raffaella, Monari, Caterina, Musto, Alessia, Niglio, Mariangela, De Gregorio, Federica, Alessio, Loredana, Gualano, Gina, Minniti, Salvatore, Buccoliero, Giovanni Battista, Santantonio, Teresa, Lo Caputo, Sergio, Carbonara, Sergio, Cascio, Antonio, Parrella, Roberto, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Coppola, Nicola, and Saracino, Annalisa

Published
2025
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7. Metronome: adaptive and precise intermittent packet retrieval in DPDK

Author

Faltelli, Marco, Belocchi, Giacomo, Quaglia, Francesco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Bianchi, Giuseppe

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

The increasing performance requirements of modern applications place a significant burden on software-based packet processing. Most of today's software input/output accelerations achieve high performance at the expense of reserving CPU resources dedicated to continuously poll the Network Interface Card. This is specifically the case with DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit), probably the most widely used framework for software-based packet processing today. The approach presented in this paper, descriptively called Metronome, has the dual goals of providing CPU utilization proportional to the load, and allowing flexible sharing of CPU resources between I/O tasks and applications. Metronome replaces DPDK's continuous polling with an intermittent sleep&wake mode, and revolves around a new multi-threaded operation, which improves service continuity. Since the proposed operation trades CPU usage with buffering delay, we propose an analytical model devised to dynamically adapt the sleep&wake parameters to the actual traffic load, meanwhile providing a target average latency. Our experimental results show a significant reduction of the CPU cycles, improvements in power usage, and robustness to CPU sharing even when challenged with CPU-intensive applications.

Published
2021

10. hXDP: Efficient Software Packet Processing on FPGA NICs

Author

Brunella, Marco Spaziani, Belocchi, Giacomo, Bonola, Marco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Siracusano, Giuseppe, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Cammarano, Aniello, Palumbo, Alessandro, Petrucci, Luca, and Bifulco, Roberto

Subjects
Computer Science - Hardware Architecture
Abstract

FPGA accelerators on the NIC enable the offloading of expensive packet processing tasks from the CPU. However, FPGAs have limited resources that may need to be shared among diverse applications, and programming them is difficult. We present a solution to run Linux's eXpress Data Path programs written in eBPF on FPGAs, using only a fraction of the available hardware resources while matching the performance of high-end CPUs. The iterative execution model of eBPF is not a good fit for FPGA accelerators. Nonetheless, we show that many of the instructions of an eBPF program can be compressed, parallelized or completely removed, when targeting a purpose-built FPGA executor, thereby significantly improving performance. We leverage that to design hXDP, which includes (i) an optimizing-compiler that parallelizes and translates eBPF bytecode to an extended eBPF Instruction-set Architecture defined by us; a (ii) soft-CPU to execute such instructions on FPGA; and (iii) an FPGA-based infrastructure to provide XDP's maps and helper functions as defined within the Linux kernel. We implement hXDP on an FPGA NIC and evaluate it running real-world unmodified eBPF programs. Our implementation is clocked at 156.25MHz, uses about 15% of the FPGA resources, and can run dynamically loaded programs. Despite these modest requirements, it achieves the packet processing throughput of a high-end CPU core and provides a 10x lower packet forwarding latency., Comment: Accepted at USENIX OSDI'20

Published
2020

11. Microglia ferroptosis is regulated by SEC24B and contributes to neurodegeneration

Author

Ryan, Sean K., Zelic, Matija, Han, Yingnan, Teeple, Erin, Chen, Luoman, Sadeghi, Mahdiar, Shankara, Srinivas, Guo, Lilu, Li, Cong, Pontarelli, Fabrizio, Jensen, Elizabeth H., Comer, Ashley L., Kumar, Dinesh, Zhang, Mindy, Gans, Joseph, Zhang, Bailin, Proto, Jonathan D., Saleh, Jacqueline, Dodge, James C., Savova, Virginia, Rajpal, Deepak, Ofengeim, Dimitry, and Hammond, Timothy R.

Published
2023
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12. GRAd-COV2 vaccine provides potent and durable humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

Author

Ziviani, Luigi, Malescio, Feliciana, Turrini, Irene, Lawlor, Rita, Romano, Annamaria, Nunziata, Mariagrazia, Armato, Salvatore, Mazzeo, Nicole, Carleo, Maria Aurora, Dell’Isola, Chiara, Pisapia, Raffaella, Pontarelli, Agostina, Olivani, Andrea, Grasselli, Sara, Laccabue, Diletta, Leoni, Maria Cristina, Paolillo, Franco, Mancini, Annalisa, Ruaro, Barbara, Confalonieri, Marco, Salton, Francesco, Mancarella, Giulia, Marocco, Raffaella, De Masi, Margherita, Belvisi, Valeria, Lamonica, Silvia, Cingolani, Antonella, Seguiti, Cristina, Brambilla, Paola, Ferraresi, Alice, Lupi, Matteo, Ludovisi, Serena, Renisi, Giulia, Massafra, Roberta, Pellicciotta, Martina, Armiento, Luciana, Vimercati, Stefania, Piacenza, Mariagrazia, Bonfanti, Paolo, Columpsi, Paola, Cazzaniga, Marina Elena, Rovelli, Cristina, Ceresini, Mariaelena, Previtali, Letizia, Trentini, Laura, Alcantarini, Chiara, Rugge, Walter, Biffi, Stefano, Poletti, Federica, Rostagno, Roberto, Moglia, Roberta, De Negri, Ferdinando, Fini, Elisabetta, Cangialosi, Alice, Bruno, Serena Rita, Rizzo, Marianna, Niglio, Mariangela, Stritto, Anna Dello, Matano, Alfredo, Petruzziello, Arnolfo, Valsecchi, Pietro, Pieri, Teresa, Altamura, Mauro, Calamo, Angela, Giannelli, Anna, Menolascina, Stefania, Di Bari, Silvia, Mauro, Vera, Aronica, Raissa, Segala, Daniela, Cultrera, Rosario, Sighinolfi, Laura, Abbott, Michelle, Gizzi, Andrea, Marascia, Federica Guida, Valenti, Giacomo, Feasi, Marcello, Bobbio, Nicoletta, Del Puente, Filippo, Nicosia, Alfredo, Frascà, Martina, Mazzoleni, Miriam, Garofalo, Nadia, Ammendola, Virginia, Grazioli, Fabiana, Napolitano, Federico, Vitelli, Alessandra, Marcellini, Valentina, Capone, Stefania, Fusco, Francesco M., Milleri, Stefano, Borrè, Silvio, Carbonara, Sergio, Lo Caputo, Sergio, Leone, Sebastiano, Gori, Giovanni, Maggi, Paolo, Cascio, Antonio, Lichtner, Miriam, Cauda, Roberto, Dal Zoppo, Sarah, Cossu, Maria V., Gori, Andrea, Roda, Silvia, Confalonieri, Paola, Bonora, Stefano, Missale, Gabriele, Codeluppi, Mauro, Mezzaroma, Ivano, Capici, Serena, Pontali, Emanuele, Libanore, Marco, Diani, Augusta, Lanini, Simone, Battella, Simone, Contino, Alessandra M., Piano Mortari, Eva, Genova, Francesco, Parente, Gessica, Dragonetti, Rosella, Colloca, Stefano, Visani, Luigi, Iannacone, Claudio, Carsetti, Rita, Folgori, Antonella, and Camerini, Roberto

Published
2023
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14. Long term outcome study of a salutogenic psychoeducational recovery oriented intervention (Inte.G.R.O.) in severe mental illness patients

Author

Franco Veltro, Gianmarco Latte, Irene Pontarelli, Cristina Pontarelli, Ilenia Nicchiniello, and Lilia Zappone

Subjects
Psychoeducation, Salutogenesis, Recovery, Group intervention, Long-term follow-up, Public health, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract Aim Inte.G.R.O. is a standardized Salutogenic-Psychoeducational intervention designed to help people with severe mental illness manage their life-stress and achieve personal recovery goals through the improvement of social functioning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term outcome of this approach, characterized by health promotion rather than correction of dysfunctional strategies. Methods 41 people underwent an observational study with a three time-point evaluation (t0, pre- treatment; t1, 12 months; t2, 36 months). At each time point, social functioning was assessed as primary outcome by the Personal and Social Functioning scale (PSP); furthermore, psychopathological status was assessed by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), stress management was measured by means of Stress-Scale and cognitive flexibility variables were assessed by Modified Five-Point Test (M-FPT). Results Personal and Social Functioning increased at t1 and t2 vs t0; psychopathological status improved at t2 vs t0; stress management improved at t2 vs t1; cognitive flexibility improved at t2 vs t0. Conclusions these results substantially confirm after a three-year follow-up the improvements in functioning, psychopathology, stress management and cognitive flexibility seen in previous studies. Furthermore, they show a complex time-dependent fashion. Overall, they confirm a remarkable and long-term impact of Inte.G.R.O. on key Recovery variables. Further studies are needed to address extent and duration of these improvements.

Published
2022
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16. CuCoTrack: Cuckoo Filter Based Connection Tracking

Author

Reviriego, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Levy, Gil

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Abstract

This paper introduces CuCoTrack, a cuckoo hash based data structure designed to efficiently implement connection tracking. The proposed scheme exploits the fact that queries always match one existing connection to compress the 5-tuple that identifies the connection. This reduces significantly the amount of memory needed to store the connections and also the memory bandwidth needed for lookups. CuCoTrack uses a dynamic fingerprint to avoid collisions thus ensuring that queries are completed in at most two memory accesses and facilitating a hardware implementation. The proposed scheme has been analyzed theoretically and validated by simulation. The results show that using 16 bits for the fingerprint is enough to avoid collisions in practical configurations.

Published
2018

18. EMOMA: Exact Match in One Memory Access

Author

Pontarelli, Salvatore, Reviriego, Pedro, and Mitzenmacher, Michael

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Abstract

An important function in modern routers and switches is to perform a lookup for a key. Hash-based methods, and in particular cuckoo hash tables, are popular for such lookup operations, but for large structures stored in off-chip memory, such methods have the downside that they may require more than one off-chip memory access to perform the key lookup. Although the number of off-chip memory accesses can be reduced using on-chip approximate membership structures such as Bloom filters, some lookups may still require more than one off-chip memory access. This can be problematic for some hardware implementations, as having only a single off-chip memory access enables a predictable processing of lookups and avoids the need to queue pending requests. We provide a data structure for hash-based lookups based on cuckoo hashing that uses only one off-chip memory access per lookup, by utilizing an on-chip pre-filter to determine which of multiple locations holds a key. We make particular use of the flexibility to move elements within a cuckoo hash table to ensure the pre-filter always gives the correct response. While this requires a slightly more complex insertion procedure and some additional memory accesses during insertions, it is suitable for most packet processing applications where key lookups are much more frequent than insertions. An important feature of our approach is its simplicity. Our approach is based on simple logic that can be easily implemented in hardware, and hardware implementations would benefit most from the single off-chip memory access per lookup.

Published
2017

19. Adaptive Cuckoo Filters

Author

Mitzenmacher, Michael, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Reviriego, Pedro

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Abstract

We introduce the adaptive cuckoo filter (ACF), a data structure for approximate set membership that extends cuckoo filters by reacting to false positives, removing them for future queries. As an example application, in packet processing queries may correspond to flow identifiers, so a search for an element is likely to be followed by repeated searches for that element. Removing false positives can therefore significantly lower the false positive rate. The ACF, like the cuckoo filter, uses a cuckoo hash table to store fingerprints. We allow fingerprint entries to be changed in response to a false positive in a manner designed to minimize the effect on the performance of the filter. We show that the ACF is able to significantly reduce the false positive rate by presenting both a theoretical model for the false positive rate and simulations using both synthetic data sets and real packet traces.

Published
2017

20. Relaxing state-access constraints in stateful programmable data planes

Author

Cascone, Carmelo, Bifulco, Roberto, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Capone, Antonio

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

Supporting the programming of stateful packet forwarding functions in hardware has recently attracted the interest of the research community. When designing such switching chips, the challenge is to guarantee the ability to program functions that can read and modify data plane's state, while keeping line rate performance and state consistency. Current state-of-the-art designs are based on a very conservative all-or-nothing model: programmability is limited only to those functions that are guaranteed to sustain line rate, with any traffic workload. In effect, this limits the maximum time to execute state update operations. In this paper, we explore possible options to relax these constraints by using simulations on real traffic traces. We then propose a model in which functions can be executed in a larger but bounded time, while preventing data hazards with memory locking. We present results showing that such flexibility can be supported with little or no throughput degradation., Comment: 6 pages

Published
2017
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21. Relaxing constraints in stateful network data plane design

Author

Cascone, Carmelo, Bifulco, Roberto, and Pontarelli, Salvatore

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

Supporting programmable states in the data plane of a forwarding element, e.g., a switch or a NIC, has recently attracted the interest of the research community, which is now looking for the right abstraction to enable the programming of stateful network functions in hardware at line rate. We challenge the conservative assumptions of state-of-the-art abstractions in this field, e.g. always assuming minimum size packets arriving back-to-back. Using trace-based simulations we show that by making more realistic assumptions on the traffic characteristics, e.g. larger average packet size, we can relax the design constraints that currently limit the set of functions that can be implemented at line rate, allowing for more complex functions, with no harm for performance., Comment: Poster abstract. 2 pages, 1 figure

Published
2017

25. Glial state changes and neuroinflammatory RIPK1 signaling are a key feature of ALS pathogenesis

Author

Zelic, Matija, primary, Blazier, Anna, additional, Pontarelli, Fabrizio, additional, LaMorte, Michael, additional, Huang, Jeremy, additional, Tasdemir-Yilmaz, Ozge E., additional, Ren, Yi, additional, Ryan, Sean K., additional, Krishnaswami, Pavithra, additional, Levit, Mikhail, additional, Sood, Disha, additional, Chen, Yao, additional, Gans, Joseph, additional, Tang, Xinyan, additional, Hsiao-Nakamoto, Jennifer, additional, Huang, Fen, additional, Zhang, Bailin, additional, Gaglia, Giorgio, additional, Ofengeim, Dimitry, additional, and Hammond, Timothy R., additional

Published
2024
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28. hXDP: Efficient Software Packet Processing on FPGA NICs.

Author

Marco Spaziani Brunella, Giacomo Belocchi, Marco Bonola, Salvatore Pontarelli, Giuseppe Siracusano, Giuseppe Bianchi 0001, Aniello Cammarano, Alessandro Palumbo, Luca Petrucci, and Roberto Bifulco

Published
2020

33. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author

S. Koirala, S. Borisov, E. Danila, A. Mariandyshev, B. Shrestha, N. Lukhele, M. Dalcolmo, S.R. Shakya, S. Miliauskas, L. Kuksa, S. Manga, A. Aleksa, J.T. Denholm, H.B. Khadka, A. Skrahina, S. Diktanas, M. Ferrarese, J. Bruchfeld, A. Koleva, A. Piubello, G.S. Koirala, Z.F. Udwadia, D.J. Palmero, M. Munoz-Torrico, R. GC, G. Gualano, V.I. Grecu, I. Motta, A. Papavasileiou, Y. Li, W. Hoefsloot, H. Kunst, J. Mazza-Stalder, M.-C. Payen, O.W. Akkerman, E. Bernal, V. Manfrin, A. Matteelli, H. Mustafa Hamdan, M. Nieto Marcos, J. Cadiñanos Loidi, J.J. Cebrian Gallardo, R. Duarte, N. Escobar Salinas, R. Gomez Rosso, R. Laniado-Laborín, E. Martínez Robles, S. Quirós Fernandez, A. Rendon, I. Solovic, M. Tadolini, P. Viggiani, E. Belilovski, M.J. Boeree, Q. Cai, E. Davidavičienė, L.D. Forsman, J. De Los Rios, J. Drakšienė, A. Duga, S.E. Elamin, A. Filippov, A. Garcia, I. Gaudiesiute, B. Gavazova, R. Gayoso, V. Gruslys, J. Jonsson, E. Khimova, G. Madonsela, C. Magis-Escurra, V. Marchese, M. Matei, C. Moschos, B. Nakčerienė, L. Nicod, F. Palmieri, A. Pontarelli, A. Šmite, M.B. Souleymane, M. Vescovo, R. Zablockis, D. Zhurkin, J.-W. Alffenaar, J.A. Caminero, L.R. Codecasa, J.-M. García-García, S. Esposito, L. Saderi, A. Spanevello, D. Visca, S. Tiberi, E. Pontali, R. Centis, L. D'Ambrosio, M. van den Boom, G. Sotgiu, and G.B. Migliori

Subjects
Tuberculosis, MDR-TB, Delamanid, Bedaquiline, Treatment outcomes, Prevention of TB sequelae, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends countries introduce new anti-TB drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.The aim of the study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of bedaquiline (and/or delamanid)- containing regimens in a large cohort of consecutive TB patients treated globally.This observational, prospective study is based on data collected and provided by Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) centres and analysed twice a year.All consecutive patients (including children/adolescents) treated with bedaquiline and/or delamanid were enrolled, and managed according to WHO and national guidelines.Overall, 52 centres from 29 countries/regions in all continents reported 883 patients as of January 31st 2021, 24/29 countries/regions providing data on 100% of their consecutive patients (10–80% in the remaining 5 countries).The drug-resistance pattern of the patients was severe (>30% with extensively drug-resistant -TB; median number of resistant drugs 5 (3−7) in the overall cohort and 6 (4−8) among patients with a final outcome).For the patients with a final outcome (477/883, 54.0%) the median (IQR) number of months of anti-TB treatment was 18 (13−23) (in days 553 (385–678)). The proportion of patients achieving sputum smear and culture conversion ranged from 93.4% and 92.8% respectively (whole cohort) to 89.3% and 88.8% respectively (patients with a final outcome), a median (IQR) time to sputum smear and culture conversion of 58 (30−90) days for the whole cohort and 60 (30−100) for patients with a final outcome and, respectively, of 55 (30−90) and 60 (30−90) days for culture conversion.Of 383 patients treated with bedaquiline but not delamanid, 284 (74.2%) achieved treatment success, while 25 (6.5%) died, 11 (2.9%) failed and 63 (16.5%) were lost to follow-up.

Published
2021
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35. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author

Koirala, S., Borisov, S., Danila, E., Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, M., Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Aleksa, A., Denholm, J.T., Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, M., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Z.F., Palmero, D.J., Munoz-Torrico, M., GC, R., Gualano, G., Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Y., Hoefsloot, W., Kunst, H., Mazza-Stalder, J., Payen, M.-C., Akkerman, O.W., Bernal, E., Manfrin, V., Matteelli, A., Mustafa Hamdan, H., Nieto Marcos, M., Cadiñanos Loidi, J., Cebrian Gallardo, J.J., Duarte, R., Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, R., Laniado-Laborín, R., Martínez Robles, E., Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendon, A., Solovic, I., Tadolini, M., Viggiani, P., Belilovski, E., Boeree, M.J., Cai, Q., Davidavičienė, E., Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios, J., Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Gruslys, V., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Madonsela, G., Magis-Escurra, C., Marchese, V., Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, F., Pontarelli, A., Šmite, A., Souleymane, M.B., Vescovo, M., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Alffenaar, J.-W., Caminero, J.A., Codecasa, L.R., García-García, J.-M., Esposito, S., Saderi, L., Spanevello, A., Visca, D., Tiberi, S., Pontali, E., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., van den Boom, M., Sotgiu, G., and Migliori, G.B.

Published
2021
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36. Towards a Stateful Forwarding Abstraction to Implement Scalable Network Functions in Software and Hardware

Author

Petrucci, Luca, Bonelli, Nicola, Bonola, Marco, Procissi, Gregorio, Cascone, Carmelo, Sanvito, Davide, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Bianchi, Giuseppe, and Bifulco, Roberto

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

An effective packet processing abstraction that leverages software or hardware acceleration techniques can simplify the implementation of high-performance virtual network functions. In this paper, we explore the suitability of SDN switches' stateful forwarding abstractions to model accelerated functions in both software and hardware accelerators, such as optimized software switches and FPGA-based NICs. In particular, we select an Extended Finite State Machine abstraction and demonstrate its suitability by implementing the Linux's iptables interface. By doing so, we provide the acceleration of functions such as stateful firewalls, load balancers and dynamic NATs. We find that supporting a flow-level programming consistency model is an important feature of a programming abstraction in this context. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such a model simplifies the scaling of the system when implemented in software, enabling efficient multi-core processing without harming state consistency., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures

Published
2016

37. Open Packet Processor: a programmable architecture for wire speed platform-independent stateful in-network processing

Author

Bianchi, Giuseppe, Bonola, Marco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Sanvito, Davide, Capone, Antonio, and Cascone, Carmelo

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

This paper aims at contributing to the ongoing debate on how to bring programmability of stateful packet processing tasks inside the network switches, while retaining platform independency. Our proposed approach, named "Open Packet Processor" (OPP), shows the viability (via an hardware prototype relying on commodity HW technologies and operating in a strictly bounded number of clock cycles) of eXtended Finite State Machines (XFSM) as low-level data plane programming abstraction. With the help of examples, including a token bucket and a C4.5 traffic classifier based on a binary tree, we show the ability of OPP to support stateful operation and flow-level feature tracking. Platform independence is accomplished by decoupling the implementation of hardware primitives (registries, conditions, update instructions, forwarding actions, matching facilities) from their usage by an application formally described via an abstract XFSM. We finally discuss limitations and extensions.

Published
2016

40. Risk and predictive factors of prolonged viral RNA shedding in upper respiratory specimens in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to an Italian reference hospital

Author

Abbonizio, Maria Alessandra, Abdeddaim, Amina, Agostini, Elisabetta, Agrati, Chiara, Albarello, Fabrizio, Amadei, Gioia, Amendola, Alessandra, Antinori, Andrea, Antonica, Maria Assunta, Antonini, Mario, Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli, Baldini, Francesco, Barbaro, Raffaella, Bartolini, Barbara, Bellagamba, Rita, Benigni, Martina, Bevilacqua, Nazario, Biava, Gianluigi, Bibas, Michele, Bordi, Licia, Bordoni, Veronica, Boumis, Evangelo, Branca, Marta, Buonomo, Rosanna, Busso, Donatella, Camici, Marta, Campioni, Paolo, Canichella, Flaminia, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Capone, Alessandro, Caporale, Cinzia, Caraffa, Emanuela, Caravella, Ilaria, Carletti, Fabrizio, Castilletti, Concetta, Cataldo, Adriana, Cerilli, Stefano, Cerva, Carlotta, Chiappini, Roberta, Chinello, Pierangelo, Cianfarani, Maria Assunta, Ciaralli, Carmine, Cimaglia, Claudia, Cinicola, Nicola, Ciotti, Veronica, Cicalini, Stefania, Colavita, Francesca, Corpolongo, Angela, Cristofaro, Massimo, Curiale, Salvatore, D’Abramo, Alessandra, Dantimi, Cristina, De Angelis, Alessia, De Angelis, Giada, De Palo, Maria Grazia, De Zottis, Federico, Di Bari, Virginia, Di Lorenzo, Rachele, Di Stefano, Federica, D’Offizi, Gianpiero, Donno, Davide, Evangelista, Francesca, Faraglia, Francesca, Farina, Anna, Ferraro, Federica, Fiorentini, Lorena, Frustaci, Andrea, Fusetti, Matteo, Galati, Vincenzo, Gagliardini, Roberta, Gallì, Paola, Garotto, Gabriele, Gaviano, Ilaria, Tekle, Saba Gebremeskel, Giancola, Maria Letizia, Giansante, Filippo, Giombini, Emanuela, Granata, Guido, Greci, Maria Cristina, Grilli, Elisabetta, Grisetti, Susanna, Gualano, Gina, Iacomi, Fabio, Iaconi, Marta, Iannicelli, Giuseppina, Inversi, Carlo, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Lalle, Eleonora, Lamanna, Maria Elena, Lanini, Simone, Lapa, Daniele, Lepore, Luciana, Libertone, Raffaella, Lionetti, Raffaella, Liuzzi, Giuseppina, Loiacono, Laura, Lucia, Andrea, Lufrani, Franco, Macchione, Manuela, Maffongelli, Gaetano, Marani, Alessandra, Marchioni, Luisa, Mariano, Andrea, Marini, Maria Cristina, Maritti, Micaela, Mastrobattista, Annelisa, Mastrorosa, Ilaria, Matusali, Giulia, Mazzotta, Valentina, Mencarini, Paola, Meschi, Silvia, Messina, Francesco, Micarelli, Sibiana, Mogavero, Giulia, Mondi, Annalisa, Montalbano, Marzia, Montaldo, Chiara, Mosti, Silvia, Murachelli, Silvia, Musso, Maria, Nardi, Michela, Navarra, Assunta, Nicastri, Emanuele, Nocioni, Martina, Noto, Pasquale, Noto, Roberto, Oliva, Alessandra, Onnis, Ilaria, Ottou, Sandrine, Palazzolo, Claudia, Pallini, Emanuele, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Palombi, Giulio, Pareo, Carlo, Passeri, Virgilio, Pelliccioni, Federico, Penna, Giovanna, Petrecchia, Antonella, Petrone, Ada, Petrosillo, Nicola, Pianura, Elisa, Pinnetti, Carmela, Pisciotta, Maria, Piselli, Pierluca, Pittalis, Silvia, Pontarelli, Agostina, Proietti, Costanza, Puro, Vincenzo, Ramazzini, Paolo Migliorisi, Rianda, Alessia, Rinonapoli, Gabriele, Rosati, Silvia, Rubino, Dorotea, Rueca, Martina, Ruggeri, Alberto, Sacchi, Alessandra, Sampaolesi, Alessandro, Sanasi, Francesco, Santagata, Carmen, Scarabello, Alessandra, Scarcia, Silvana, Schininà, Vincenzo, Scognamiglio, Paola, Scorzolini, Laura, Stazi, Giulia, Strano, Giacomo, Taglietti, Fabrizio, Taibi, Chiara, Taloni, Giorgia, Nardi, Tetaj, Tonnarini, Roberto, Topino, Simone, Tozzi, Martina, Vaia, Francesco, Vairo, Francesco, Valli, Maria Beatrice, Vergori, Alessandra, Vincenzi, Laura, Visco-Comandini, Ubaldo, Vita, Serena, Vittozzi, Pietro, Zaccarelli, Mauro, Zanetti, Antonella, Zito, Sara, Lorenzini, Patrizia, Di Gennaro, Francesco, and Girardi, Enrico

Published
2021
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41. Risk and predictive factors of prolonged viral RNA shedding in upper respiratory specimens in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to an Italian reference hospital

Author

Annalisa Mondi, Patrizia Lorenzini, Concetta Castilletti, Roberta Gagliardini, Eleonora Lalle, Angela Corpolongo, Maria Beatrice Valli, Fabrizio Taglietti, Stefania Cicalini, Laura Loiacono, Francesco Di Gennaro, Gianpiero D’Offizi, Fabrizio Palmieri, Emanuele Nicastri, Chiara Agrati, Nicola Petrosillo, Giuseppe Ippolito, Francesco Vaia, Enrico Girardi, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Andrea Antinori, Sara Zito, Maria Alessandra Abbonizio, Amina Abdeddaim, Elisabetta Agostini, Fabrizio Albarello, Gioia Amadei, Alessandra Amendola, Maria Assunta Antonica, Mario Antonini, Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli, Francesco Baldini, Raffaella Barbaro, Barbara Bartolini, Rita Bellagamba, Martina Benigni, Nazario Bevilacqua, Gianluigi Biava, Michele Bibas, Licia Bordi, Veronica Bordoni, Evangelo Boumis, Marta Branca, Rosanna Buonomo, Donatella Busso, Marta Camici, Paolo Campioni, Flaminia Canichella, Alessandro Capone, Cinzia Caporale, Emanuela Caraffa, Ilaria Caravella, Fabrizio Carletti, Adriana Cataldo, Stefano Cerilli, Carlotta Cerva, Roberta Chiappini, Pierangelo Chinello, Maria Assunta Cianfarani, Carmine Ciaralli, Claudia Cimaglia, Nicola Cinicola, Veronica Ciotti, Francesca Colavita, Massimo Cristofaro, Salvatore Curiale, Alessandra D’Abramo, Cristina Dantimi, Alessia De Angelis, Giada De Angelis, Maria Grazia De Palo, Federico De Zottis, Virginia Di Bari, Rachele Di Lorenzo, Federica Di Stefano, Davide Donno, Francesca Evangelista, Francesca Faraglia, Anna Farina, Federica Ferraro, Lorena Fiorentini, Andrea Frustaci, Matteo Fusetti, Vincenzo Galati, Paola Gallì, Gabriele Garotto, Ilaria Gaviano, Saba Gebremeskel Tekle, Maria Letizia Giancola, Filippo Giansante, Emanuela Giombini, Guido Granata, Maria Cristina Greci, Elisabetta Grilli, Susanna Grisetti, Gina Gualano, Fabio Iacomi, Marta Iaconi, Giuseppina Iannicelli, Carlo Inversi, Maria Elena Lamanna, Simone Lanini, Daniele Lapa, Luciana Lepore, Raffaella Libertone, Raffaella Lionetti, Giuseppina Liuzzi, Andrea Lucia, Franco Lufrani, Manuela Macchione, Gaetano Maffongelli, Alessandra Marani, Luisa Marchioni, Andrea Mariano, Maria Cristina Marini, Micaela Maritti, Annelisa Mastrobattista, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Giulia Matusali, Valentina Mazzotta, Paola Mencarini, Silvia Meschi, Francesco Messina, Sibiana Micarelli, Giulia Mogavero, Marzia Montalbano, Chiara Montaldo, Silvia Mosti, Silvia Murachelli, Maria Musso, Michela Nardi, Assunta Navarra, Martina Nocioni, Pasquale Noto, Roberto Noto, Alessandra Oliva, Ilaria Onnis, Sandrine Ottou, Claudia Palazzolo, Emanuele Pallini, Giulio Palombi, Carlo Pareo, Virgilio Passeri, Federico Pelliccioni, Giovanna Penna, Antonella Petrecchia, Ada Petrone, Elisa Pianura, Carmela Pinnetti, Maria Pisciotta, Pierluca Piselli, Silvia Pittalis, Agostina Pontarelli, Costanza Proietti, Vincenzo Puro, Paolo Migliorisi Ramazzini, Alessia Rianda, Gabriele Rinonapoli, Silvia Rosati, Dorotea Rubino, Martina Rueca, Alberto Ruggeri, Alessandra Sacchi, Alessandro Sampaolesi, Francesco Sanasi, Carmen Santagata, Alessandra Scarabello, Silvana Scarcia, Vincenzo Schininà, Paola Scognamiglio, Laura Scorzolini, Giulia Stazi, Giacomo Strano, Chiara Taibi, Giorgia Taloni, Tetaj Nardi, Roberto Tonnarini, Simone Topino, Martina Tozzi, Francesco Vairo, Alessandra Vergori, Laura Vincenzi, Ubaldo Visco-Comandini, Serena Vita, Pietro Vittozzi, Mauro Zaccarelli, and Antonella Zanetti

Subjects
Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, viral clearance, viral shedding, Risk factors, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Background: Limited data are available about the predictors and outcomes associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding (VS). Methods: A retrospective study including COVID-19 patients admitted to an Italian hospital between March 1 and July 1, 2020. Predictors of viral clearance (VC) and prolonged VS from the upper respiratory tract were assessed by Poisson regression and logistic regression analyses. The causal relation between VS and clinical outcomes was evaluated through an inverse probability weighted Cox model. Results: The study included 536 subjects. The median duration of VS from symptoms onset was 18 days. The estimated 30-day probability of VC was 70.2%. Patients with comorbidities, lymphopenia at hospital admission, or moderate/severe respiratory disease had a lower chance of VC. The development of moderate/severe respiratory failure, delayed hospital admission after symptoms onset, baseline comorbidities, or D-dimer >1000 ng/mL at admission independently predicted prolonged VS. The achievement of VC doubled the chance of clinical recovery and reduced the probability of death/mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Respiratory disease severity, comorbidities, delayed hospital admission and inflammatory markers negatively predicted VC, which resulted to be associated with better clinical outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of prompt hospitalization of symptomatic patients, especially where signs of severity or comorbidities are present.

Published
2021
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42. Dependability Solutions

Author

Pontarelli, Salvatore, Maestro, Juan A., Reviriego, Pedro, Ottavi, Marco, editor, Gizopoulos, Dimitris, editor, and Pontarelli, Salvatore, editor

Published
2018
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49. FlowBlaze: Stateful Packet Processing in Hardware.

Author

Salvatore Pontarelli, Roberto Bifulco, Marco Bonola, Carmelo Cascone, Marco Spaziani Brunella, Valerio Bruschi, Davide Sanvito, Giuseppe Siracusano, Antonio Capone, Michio Honda, and Felipe Huici

Published
2019

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