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Background The lack of dystrophin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) induces muscle fibre and replacement by fibro-adipose tissue. Although the role of some growth factors in the process of fibrogenesis has been studied, pathways activated by PDGF-AA have not been described so far. Our aim was to study the molecular role of PDGF-AA in the fibrotic process of DMD. Methods Skeletal muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) from three DMD treated with PDGF-AA at 50 ng/mL were analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Western-blot, immunofluorescence, and G-LISA were used to confirm the mass spectrometry results. We evaluated the effects of PDGF-AA on the activation of RhoA pathway using two inhibitors, C3-exoenzyme and fasudil. Cell proliferation and migration were determined by BrdU and migration assay. Actin reorganization and collagen synthesis were measured by phalloidin staining and Sircol assay, respectively. In an in vivo proof of concept study, we treated dba/2J-mdx mice with fasudil for 6 weeks. Muscle strength was assessed with the grip strength. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses were used to study fibrotic and inflammatory markers in muscle tissue. Results Mass spectrometry revealed that RhoA pathway proteins were up-regulated in treated compared with non-treated DMD FAPs (n = 3, mean age = 8 +/- 1.15 years old). Validation of proteomic data showed that Arhgef2 expression was significantly increased in DMD muscles compared with healthy controls by a 7.7-fold increase (n = 2, mean age = 8 +/- 1.14 years old). In vitro studies showed that RhoA/ROCK2 pathway was significantly activated by PDGF-AA (n = 3, 1.88-fold increase, P < 0.01) and both C3-exoenzyme and fasudil blocked that activation (n = 3, P P < 0.001, respectively). The activation of RhoA pathway by PDGF-AA promoted a significant increase in proliferation and migration of FAPs (n = 3, P < 0.001), while C3-exoenzyme and fasudil inhibited FAPs proliferation at 72 h and migration at 48 and 72 h (n = 3, P < 0.001). In vivo studies showed that fasudil improved muscle function (n = 5 non-treated dba/2J-mdx and n = 6 treated dba/2J-mdx, 1.76-fold increase, P < 0.013), and histological studies demonstrated a 23% reduction of collagen-I expression area (n = 5 non-treated dba/2J-mdx and n = 6 treated dba/2J-mdx, P < 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that PDGF-AA promotes the activation of RhoA pathway in FAPs from DMD patients. This pathway could be involved in FAPs activation promoting its proliferation, migration, and actin reorganization, which represents the beginning of the fibrotic process. The inhibition of RhoA pathway could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for muscle fibrosis in patients with muscular dystrophies.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented detrimental impact on mental health in people around the world. It is important therefore to explore factors that may buffer or accentuate the risk of mental health problems in this context. Given that compassion has numerous benefits for mental health, emotion regulation, and social relationships, this study examines the buffering effects of different flows of compassion (for self, for others, from others) against the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety, and stress, and social safeness. Methods: The study was conducted in a sample of 4057 adult participants from the general community population, collected across 21 countries from Europe, Middle East, North America, South America, Asia, and Oceania. Participants completed self-report measures of perceived threat of COVID-19, compassion (for self, for others, from others), depression, anxiety, stress, and social safeness. Results: Perceived threat of COVID-19 was associated with higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress, and lower scores in social safeness. Self-compassion and compassion from others were associated with lower psychological distress and higher social safeness. Compassion for others was associated with lower depressive symptoms. Self-compassion moderated the relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas compassion from others moderated the effects of fears of contracting COVID-19 on social safeness. These effects were consistent across all countries. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the universal protective role of compassion, in particular self-compassion and compassion from others, in promoting resilience by buffering against the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

La presente investigación titulada Ejercicios para el desplazamiento en el baloncesto sobre silla de rueda tiene como objetivo general Aplicar ejercicios para mejorar el desplazamiento en el baloncesto sobre silla de ruedas del equipo 1ra categoría de la Isla de la Juventud, se utilizaron los métodos de nivel teórico, empírico y matemático. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se utilizó una población de 6 atletas que a su vez fue la muestra de dicha investigación para el 100%. Además, esta investigación cuenta con resultados iniciales y otros finales los cuales nos permitirá saber la influencia que ejercen los ejercicios sobre el desplazamiento en el baloncesto en silla de ruedas fueron asequibles o no, de igual forma mostramos la comparación de los diferentes test para determinar cuál fue el desarrollo alcanzado en estos atletas.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a massive global health crisis with damaging consequences to mental health and social relationships. Exploring factors that may heighten or buffer the risk of mental health problems in this context is thus critical. Whilst compassion may be a protective factor, in contrast fears of compassion increase vulnerability to psychosocial distress and may amplify the impact of the pandemic on mental health. This study explores the magnifying effects of fears of compassion on the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety and stress, and social safeness. Methods: Adult participants from the general population (N = 4057) were recruited across 21 countries worldwide, and completed self-report measures of perceived threat of COVID-19, fears of compassion (for self, from others, for others), depression, anxiety, stress and social safeness. Results: Perceived threat of COVID-19 predicted increased depression, anxiety and stress. The three flows of fears of compassion predicted higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress and lower social safeness. All fears of compassion moderated (heightened) the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on psychological distress. Only fears of compassion from others moderated the effects of likelihood of contracting COVID-19 on social safeness. These effects were consistent across all countries. Conclusions: Fears of compassion have a universal magnifying effect on the damaging impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness. Compassion focused interventions and communications could be implemented to reduce resistances to compassion and promote mental wellbeing during and following the pandemic. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Organización Mundial de La Salud ha reportado recientemente que el nuevo foco de la pandemia global de la enfermedad Covid-19 es el continente americano. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la experiencia internacional de la pandemia Covid 19 y embarazo. Método: Se realiza una búsqueda de la base de datos PubMed para las palabras clave Pregnancy / Pregnant / Novel Coronavirus / SARS-CoV-2 / Covid-19, desde el 1 de noviembre 2019 hasta el 21 de mayo 2020. Resultados: Un total de 365 artículos fueron inicialmente seleccionados de acuerdo con la estrategia de búsqueda diseñada. El total de artículos revisados de acuerdo con los criterios fueron 42. Las series clínicas seleccionadas acumularon un total de 1098 embarazadas y enfermedad de Covid-19. Las co-morbilidades mas frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, obesidad y asma. La mortalidad en relación con el total de pacientes fue de un 1,2 % y la transmisión al recién nacido de 1,7% (15 de 875). Conclusión: La información obtenida permite inferir que la presentación clínica de la enfermedad es a lo menos equivalente a la de mujeres de la misma edad no embarazadas. Dada la severidad de la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 reportada, las lecciones aprendidas deben ser rápidamente asimiladas y utilizadas en el contexto de la situación nacional epidémica.

[spa] Se ha analizado la relación entre erosión de la línea de costa, superficie de playa y la frecuentación en un total de 30 playas de la isla de Menorca entre los años 2001 y 2015. En las playas erosivas, la línea de costa retrocede una media de -4,3 m y una superficie de -232 m2, la mayoría de ellas clasificadas tipología B, el 60 % (en ANEI, altos índices de frecuentación, accesibilidad rodada cercana y sin servicios), por lo que esta tipología no es determinante en la evolución de la superficie de playa. Sin embargo, coinciden con las playas más frecuentadas y que superan la capacidad de carga por encima del 100 %. Las playas acrecionarias avanzan 4 m y su superficie crece 1.559 m2, siendo la mayoría tipo A, el 66 % (áreas urbanas o turísticas, con servicios de playa, accesibilidad rodada a pie de playa). Por lo que respecta a la superfície de playa, a mayor superfície, menor capacidad de carga y menor presión sobre estos espacios, independientemente de su clasificación tipológica en A o B. Por el contrario, las de menor superfície reciben una mayor capacidad de carga, algunas de ellas con saturación condicionada por una excesiva publicitación de estos espacios., [eng] The relationship between erosion of the coastline, beach area and frequentation in a total of 30 beaches on the island of Menorca between 2001 and 2015 has been analyzed. In erosive beaches, the coastline falls an average of -4.3 m and -232 m2, most of them classified typology B, 60% (in ANEI, high frequencies, close accessibility and without services), so this typology is not decisive in the evolution of the beach surface. However, they coincide with the most frequented beaches and that exceed the carrying capacity of over 100%. The accretionary beaches advance 4 m and their surface grows 1,559 m2, being the majority type A, 66% (urban or tourist areas, with beach services, accessibility to the beach). Regarding the beach surface, the greater the surface, the lower the load capacity and the less pressure on these spaces, regardless of their typological classification in A or B. On the contrary, those with a smaller surface receive a greater load capacity, some of them with saturation conditioned by excessive advertising of these spaces.

Objectives: Tropheryma whipplei has been detected in 3.5% of the blood culture-negative cases of endocarditis in Spain. Experience in the management of T. whipplei endocarditis is limited. Here we report the long-term outcome of the treatment of previously reported patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) caused by T. whipplei from the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis-Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis Infecciosa en Espana (GAMES) and discuss potential options for antimicrobial therapy for IE caused by T. whipplei. Patients and methods: Seventeen patients with T. whipplei endocarditis were recruited between 2008 and 2014 in 25 Spanish hospitals. Patients were classified according to the therapeutic regimen: ceftriaxone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine and other treatment options. Results: Follow-up data were obtained from 14 patients. The median follow-up was 46.5months. All patients completed the antibiotic treatment prescribed, with a median duration of 13months. Six patients were treated with ceftriaxone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (median duration 13months), four with doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine (median duration 13.8months) and four with other treatment options (median duration 22.3months). The follow-up after the end of the treatments was between 5 and 84months (median 24months). Conclusions: All treatment lines were effective and well tolerated. Therapeutic failures were not detected during the treatment. None of the patients died or experienced a relapse during the follow-up. Only six patients received antibiotic treatment in accordance with guidelines. These data suggest that shorter antimicrobial treatments could be effective.

IntroductionInfective endocarditis (IE) still carries high morbidity and mortality and frequently requires surgery. The benefit of mitral valve repair (MVr) in the setting of IE is yet to be proven. The goal of this study was to assess the results of MVr in patients with IE after a minimum follow-up of 1year.MethodsThis study is based on a Spanish nationwide prospective registry that included patients operated on for native mitral valve IE. The collaborating Institutions pooled their pre-, peri-, and postoperative data into the database of the GAMES group [Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la EndocarditiS (Group for support and management of infective endocarditis)].ResultsData from 27 hospitals were recorded and 3524 cases of active IE identified between 2008 and 2016. There were 1513 cases of mitral IE, of which 898 involved native valves. Of these, 437 patients underwent surgical treatment, and 369 completed the 1-year follow-up. The valve was repaired in 68 cases (18.4%). Preoperative groups were comparable (EuroSCORE MVr 7.7 vs MVR 8.0; p=ns). Mortality in the repair group was inferior to that in the replacement group (16.2% vs 27.2%, p=0.058). At 1year, mortality remained higher in the replacement group: 3.7% vs 2.9%. Relapse of the infection was slightly more frequent in the repair group (7.1% vs 3.7%; p=ns), although this did not lead to higher rates of reintervention (MVr/MVR: 2.9% vs 4.9%).ConclusionMVr is an attractive option for specific patients with IE and does not seem to negatively impact on relapses.

Background. Outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT) has proven efficacious for treating infective endocarditis (IE). However, the 2001 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) criteria for OPAT in IE are very restrictive. We aimed to compare the outcomes of OPAT with those of hospital-based antibiotic treatment (HBAT). Methods. Retrospective analysis of data from a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 2000 consecutive IE patients in 25 Spanish hospitals (2008-2012) was performed. Results. A total of 429 patients (21.5%) received OPAT, and only 21.7% fulfilled IDSA criteria. Males accounted for 70.5%, median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR], 56-76), and 57% had native-valve IE. The most frequent causal microorganisms were viridans group streptococci (18.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.6%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (14.5%). Median length of antibiotic treatment was 42 days (IQR, 32-54), and 44% of patients underwent cardiac surgery. One-year mortality was 8% (42% for HBAT; P < .001), 1.4% of patients relapsed, and 10.9% were readmitted during the first 3 months after discharge (no significant differences compared with HBAT). Charlson score (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.42; P = .01) and cardiac surgery (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, .09-.63; P = .04) were associated with 1-year mortality, whereas aortic valve involvement (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, .22-.98; P = .007) was the only predictor of 1-year readmission. Failing to fulfill IDSA criteria was not a risk factor for mortality or readmission. Conclusions. OPAT provided excellent results despite the use of broader criteria than those recommended by IDSA. OPAT criteria should therefore be expanded.