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The switching speed and driving capability have been enhanced by scaling the transistor size to nanoscale. The limitations in using MOSFET are that the short channel effects such as leakage current, subthreshold voltage, etc. thereby the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) scaling is challenging now.This leads to the emergence of multi-gate devices, such as Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) and Double Gate FinFET (DG-FinFET), which reduces the short channel effect. Now, a days memory plays a vital role in Integrated Circuits (IC), so the size of it must be scaled down to reduce the overall leakage andinstead of CMOS an advanced MOSFET such as FinFET can be used to avoid SCE. The area of the memory Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is reduced by eliminating the two-load transistor. The novel 4T SRAM is designed at 10 nm 0.75 v FinFET Technology and compared with 14 nm Technology that is inbuilt into content addressable memory (CAM) to reduce the power consumption of CAM. The results show that the proposed design improves on a voltage basis and the complexity of the circuit is reduced by about 23% in terms of transistor count compared with the other conventional techniques. The 10 nm FinFET Hybrid Self Controlled - PreCharge Free (HSCPF) CAM design is best-suitable for low-power applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study was designed to assess the beneficial effects of alcoholic (ethanol) extract of fruit o f Avocado (AEFA) on biochemical, histological, and gene expression study in hypercholesterolemic diet fed nephropathy induced albino rats. Experimental design: Avocado fruit pulp was extracted with 90% ethanol, finally filtered and dried. Group-I rats as control, Group-II fed with hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) for 45 days [4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid], Group-Ill fed with HCD for 45 days + AEFA (300 mg/kg body weight/day orally) for last 30 days and Group-IV fed with AEFA alone. Collection of blood and excision of kidney were done for various biochemical and histological analysis. Result: The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), phospholipids (PLs), renal markers (serum urea, creatinine and uric acid) and renal lipid peroxidation (LPO) products were markedly mitigated in AEFA treated hypercholesterolemic rats. FRSA factors were significantly increased, on supplementation with AEFA. Administration with AEFA , the mRNA levels of eNOS and iNOS genes was expressively up-regulated and down-regulated. Histomorphological observations shown that, AEFA admirably protects the renal tissues from hypercholesterolemia - mediated oxido-lipidemic damage. Discussion and conclusion: From this study it was conjectured that AEFA can act as nephroprotective agent by attenuating the serum lipid profile, renal oxidative stress, besides regulating the mRNA expression of NOS in renal artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review assesses many of the health implications and toxicity associated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) in animal models. MSG is the sodium salt of the amino acid responsible for their savoury taste of the food. The prevalence of this salt as a food additive in Asian, American and European cuisine and other diets. Debate over the healthiness of MSG and its effects on human obesity and other health problems has led to a negative public opinion. This literature review assesses that the consumption of MSG brings to pertain weight gain, obesity, locomotor and learning deficit, behavior and memory changes in rats. Increased obesity and body mass in rats is also associated with diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorder and fatty liver. The studies further suggest that MSG is neurotoxic in rats when injected neonatally. This review asserts the neonatal consumption of MSG leads to scarring of the neurons in the hippocampus and inhibited glutamate synthesis, resulting in impaired spatial memory and learning. Most of the studies provide evidence that ingestion of MSG is associated with neuro-endocrine disorders, metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress and learning and memory deficit based on the clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]