40 results on '"Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan"'
Search Results
2. Accelerated cognitive aging in chronically infected HIV-1 positive individuals despite effective long-term antiretroviral therapy
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Babu, Hemalatha, Rachel, Gladys, Neogi, Ujjwal, Palaniappan, Alangudi Natarajan, Narayanan, Aswathy, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, Sundaraj, Vijila, Viswanathan, Vinod Kumar, Kumar, C. P. Girish, Tripathy, Srikanth P., and Hanna, Luke Elizabeth more...
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- 2025
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3. Hematological Parameters in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its Presentation among Favorable and Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes
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S. Ramesh Kumar, Chandrasekaran Kandhasamy, V. Banurekha Velayutham, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Muthuramalingam Kannan, M. S. Jawahar, and C. Padmapriyadarsini
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clinical trial ,hematology ,hemoglobin ,outcome ,pulmonary tuberculosis ,white blood cell count ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) management continues to be a challenge globally; weakened immunity plays a significant role in the reactivation of TB. There is limited information on hematological parameters in patients with pulmonary TB and its association with outcome. Objectives: We present hematological parameters of newly diagnosed sputum-positive pulmonary TB patients enrolled in a randomized, clinical trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of 3 and 4 regimens using moxifloxacin. Materials and Methods: Blood hematological parameters at baseline, comparison of the baseline and end of treatment values, including the monocytes by lymphocytes ratio (M/L), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (N/L), and platelet lymphocyte ratio (P/L) between the patients with favorable and unfavorable TB treatment outcome, and among different age group and sex presented in this paper. Results: Among the total 1059 patients, 782 were males, the mean hemoglobin (HB) ± standard deviation (SD) was 11.5 g/dL ± 2.0, the mean white blood cell (WBC) count ± SD was 9800 ± 3009 and the mean platelet count (in lakhs) ± SD was 4.24 ± 1.42 cells/uL. There was an increase from baseline in the mean hemoglobin, eosinophil, and lymphocyte count and a decrease in mean neutrophil, monocyte counts to the end of treatment. There was a decrease in baseline mean total WBC count posttreatment, both in favorable (10,271 cells/uL ± 3007 SD to 6689 cells/uL ± 1837 SD, [P ≤ 0.001]), and unfavorable TB outcome patients. Conclusion: An increase in HB, and a decrease in WBC count, M/L, N/L, and P/L ratio is possible at the end of TB treatment and future studies to correlate blood hematology parameters with TB treatment outcome. more...
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- 2024
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4. Trends of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis in a reference laboratory in Central India: Forging ahead towards TB elimination
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Desikan, Prabha, Panwalkar, Nikita, Rangnekar, Aseem, Khan, Zeba, Punde, Ram Prakash, Sharma, Arun Kumar, Kushwaha, Ragini, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, and Anand, Sridhar
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- 2024
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5. Impact of Strongyloides stercoralis infection on complement activation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from a clinical and anthelmintic intervention study
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Anuradha Rajamanickam, Bindu Dasan, Saravanan Munisankar, Sujatha Nott, Pradeep A. Menon, Fayaz Ahamed Shaik, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Thomas B. Nutman, and Subash Babu
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2024
6. Time Elapsed from onset of symptoms to antituberculosis treatment in children with central nervous system tuberculosis in a tertiary hospital in South India: A mixed-methods pilot study
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Prathiksha Giridharan, Priscilla Rebecca, Bella Devaleenal, Elilarasi Chelladurai, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, and Muniyandi Malaisamy
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central nervous system ,health care-seeking behavior ,pediatrics ,time-to-treatment ,tuberculosis ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
A pilot study with a mixed-methods design was conducted to estimate the time for tuberculosis (TB) treatment initiation and associated factors among children with central nervous system-TB (CNS-TB). A total of 38 children were enrolled for the quantitative component, and 20 in-depth interviews were conducted. The median duration (interquartile range) from onset of symptoms to treatment initiation was 23 (11, 55) days. About 44% and 31% of the children presented with Stage II and Stage III of CNS-TB, respectively. The major reasons for delay were symptoms not taken seriously (50%) and too many referrals (21%). About 89% of the families went into catastrophic health expenditure due to the disease. The treatment delay may be due to both patient delay and health system delay. Tailoring approaches to target the pediatric population could further improve early detection and treatment initiation of CNS-TB. more...
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- 2023
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7. Genotype MTBDRsl version 2 and phenotypic drug resistance detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides
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Ramalingam Radhakrishnan, S Prabuseenivasan, S Hannah, V Vaishanavee, V Senthildevi, T Kannadhasan, R Suchithra, Priya Rajendran, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Lavanya Jayabal, Asha Frederick, and Sivakumar Shanmugam more...
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aminoglycosides ,fluoroquinolones ,line probe assay ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Background: Information on genotypic with comparison of phenotypic drug sensitivity test of anti-tuberculosis (TB) has been reported in several studies, which have variable results. The present study aimed to assess the Genotype MTBDRsl version 2.0/Line probe assay (LPA) for the detection of fluoroquinolones (FQ) and aminoglycosides (AMGs) resistance mutations among drug-resistant Mycobacterium TB (MTB) strains and also to compare the patterns of genotypic mutations of gyrA/B, rrs, and eis with mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT 960). Methods: A total of 1416 samples were subjected to Genotype MTBDRsl version 2.0 assay. One hundred and twenty sputum smear positive MTB isolates and 37 sputum smear negative MTB isolates confirmed multiple drug resistance resistant to FQ and AMG by the Genotype MTBDRsl version 2.0 were subjected to phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) were analyzed. Results: The association sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for the resistance detection between MGIT (DST) and the Genotype MTBDRsl version 2.0 assay was significant (P < 0.01) of moxifloxacin (MFX) concentration. Sensitivity and specificity value for kanamycin (KAN) resistance was 76% and 89%; 47% and 94% for capreomycin (CAP); and 60% and 76% for low-level KAN, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicate that MFX (0.25and 1 μg/mL), KAN (2.5 μg/mL), and CAP (2.5 μg/mL) significantly (P < 0.01) and support the World Health Organization guidance to test FQ and AMG by genotypic test. more...
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- 2023
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8. Association and Outcome of Intracranial Haemorrhage in Newborn with Fungal Sepsis- A Prospective Cohort Study
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N Adalarasan, S Stalin, Seenivasan venkatasamy, S Sridevi, S Padmanaba, and Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan
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antibiotics ,candida albicans ,gestational age ,intraventricular haemorrhage ,neonatal infection ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. In spite of using appropriate antibiotics, those who are bacterial culture-negative, still succumb to fungal infection. Fungal sepsis is common in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), especially with invasive procedures and prolonged empirical use of antibiotics. The incidence of fungal infection varies widely across centres, likely due to differences in practice related to modifiable risk factors such as exposure to empiric antibiotics and length of parenteral nutrition. Neonates are at high risk for acquiring infections due to their specific Central Nervous System (CNS) structure as well as functionally immature immune system, causing CNS infection or Intracranial Haemorrhage (ICH) due to sepsis induced coagulopathy. Intracranial haemorrhage in neonates often results in devastating neurodevelopmental outcomes and also results in significant mortality in the neonatal period. Aim: To find the association and outcome of ICH in newborn with fungal sepsis. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Paediatrics, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, on neonates admitted in the NICU during the period January 2018 to December 2020. Neonates with a diagnosis of fungal sepsis were identified from blood cultures. They were also subjected to Complete Blood Count (CBC), Capillary Refill Time (CRT), Prothrombin Time (PT), activated Partial Thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT) and cranial ultrasound. Chi-square analysis for descriptive data and Cox Proportional Hazard Regression for survival and non survival neonates and Kaplan-Meier curve analysis were done. Results: Out of total 80 neonates, nine had ICH, 21 neonates had Intraventricular Haemorrhage (IVH) and no haemorrahge in 50 neonates. More the gestational age, lesser were the chances of ICH and the difference was statistically significant (p more...
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- 2022
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9. An influence of dew point temperature on the occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease in Chennai, India
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Rajendran Krishnan, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Lavanya Jayabal, Sriram Selvaraju, Basilea Watson, Muniyandi Malaisamy, Karikalan Nagarajan, Srikanth P. Tripathy, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, and Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran more...
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Climate factors such as dew point temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric temperature may be crucial for the spread of tuberculosis. This study was conducted for the first time to investigate the relationship of climatic factors with TB occurrence in an Indian setting. Daily tuberculosis notification data during 2008–2015 were generated from the National Treatment Elimination Program, and analogous daily climatic data were obtained from the Regional Meteorological Centre at Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. The decomposition method was adopted to split the series into deterministic and non-deterministic components, such as seasonal, non-seasonal, trend and cyclical, and non-deterministic climate factors. A generalized linear model was used to assess the relation independently. TB disease progression from latent stage infection to active was supported by higher dew point temperature and moderate temperature. It had a significant association with TB progression in the summer and monsoon seasons. The relative humidity may be favored in the winter and post-monsoon. The water tiny dew droplets may support the TB bacterium to recuperate in the environment. more...
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- 2022
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10. Comparison of different treatments for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis: an individual patient data meta-analysis
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Fregonese, Federica, Ahuja, Shama D, Akkerman, Onno W, Arakaki-Sanchez, Denise, Ayakaka, Irene, Baghaei, Parvaneh, Bang, Didi, Bastos, Mayara, Benedetti, Andrea, Bonnet, Maryline, Cattamanchi, Adithya, Cegielski, Peter, Chien, Jung-Yien, Cox, Helen, Dedicoat, Martin, Erkens, Connie, Escalante, Patricio, Falzon, Dennis, Garcia-Prats, Anthony J, Gegia, Medea, Gillespie, Stephen H, Glynn, Judith R, Goldberg, Stefan, Griffith, David, Jacobson, Karen R, Johnston, James C, Jones-López, Edward C, Khan, Awal, Koh, Won-Jung, Kritski, Afranio, Lan, Zhi Yi, Lee, Jae Ho, Li, Pei Zhi, Maciel, Ethel L, Galliez, Rafael Mello, Merle, Corinne SC, Munang, Melinda, Narendran, Gopalan, Nguyen, Viet Nhung, Nunn, Andrew, Ohkado, Akihiro, Park, Jong Sun, Phillips, Patrick PJ, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, Reves, Randall, Romanowski, Kamila, Seung, Kwonjune, Schaaf, H Simon, Skrahina, Alena, van Soolingen, Dick, Tabarsi, Payam, Trajman, Anete, Trieu, Lisa, Banurekha, Velayutham V, Viiklepp, Piret, Wang, Jann-Yuan, Yoshiyama, Takashi, and Menzies, Dick more...
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Tuberculosis ,Rare Diseases ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Lung ,Clinical Research ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Antibiotics ,Antitubercular ,Cohort Studies ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Drug Therapy ,Combination ,Ethambutol ,Fluoroquinolones ,Humans ,Observational Studies as Topic ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,Pyrazinamide ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Review Literature as Topic ,Rifampin ,Streptomycin ,Tuberculosis ,Multidrug-Resistant ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundIsoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible (INH-R) tuberculosis is the most common form of drug resistance, and is associated with failure, relapse, and acquired rifampicin resistance if treated with first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. The aim of the study was to compare success, mortality, and acquired rifampicin resistance in patients with INH-R pulmonary tuberculosis given different durations of rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide (REZ); a fluoroquinolone plus 6 months or more of REZ; and streptomycin plus a core regimen of REZ.MethodsStudies with regimens and outcomes known for individual patients with INH-R tuberculosis were eligible, irrespective of the number of patients if randomised trials, or with at least 20 participants if a cohort study. Studies were identified from two relevant systematic reviews, an updated search of one of the systematic reviews (for papers published between April 1, 2015, and Feb 10, 2016), and personal communications. Individual patient data were obtained from authors of eligible studies. The individual patient data meta-analysis was performed with propensity score matched logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and risk differences of treatment success (cure or treatment completion), death during treatment, and acquired rifampicin resistance. Outcomes were measured across different treatment regimens to assess the effects of: different durations of REZ (≤6 months vs >6 months); addition of a fluoroquinolone to REZ (fluoroquinolone plus 6 months or more of REZ vs 6 months or more of REZ); and addition of streptomycin to REZ (streptomycin plus 6 months of rifampicin and ethambutol and 1-3 months of pyrazinamide vs 6 months or more of REZ). The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE methodology.FindingsIndividual patient data were requested for 57 cohort studies and 17 randomised trials including 8089 patients with INH-R tuberculosis. We received 33 datasets with 6424 patients, of which 3923 patients in 23 studies received regimens related to the study objectives. Compared with a daily regimen of 6 months of (H)REZ (REZ with or without isoniazid), extending the duration to 8-9 months had similar outcomes; as such, 6 months or more of (H)REZ was used for subsequent comparisons. Addition of a fluoroquinolone to 6 months or more of (H)REZ was associated with significantly greater treatment success (aOR 2·8, 95% CI 1·1-7·3), but no significant effect on mortality (aOR 0·7, 0·4-1·1) or acquired rifampicin resistance (aOR 0·1, 0·0-1·2). Compared with 6 months or more of (H)REZ, the standardised retreatment regimen (2 months of streptomycin, 3 months of pyrazinamide, and 8 months of isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol) was associated with significantly worse treatment success (aOR 0·4, 0·2-0·7). The quality of the evidence was very low for all outcomes and treatment regimens assessed, owing to the observational nature of most of the data, the diverse settings, and the imprecision of estimates.InterpretationIn patients with INH-R tuberculosis, compared with treatment with at least 6 months of daily REZ, addition of a fluoroquinolone was associated with better treatment success, whereas addition of streptomycin was associated with less treatment success; however, the quality of the evidence was very low. These results support the conduct of randomised trials to identify the optimum regimen for this important and common form of drug-resistant tuberculosis.FundingWorld Health Organization and Canadian Institutes of Health Research. more...
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- 2018
11. Comparison of regression models for binary outcome variables in clinical trials
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Bhaskar, Adhin and Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan
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- 2020
12. Does BCG Or MMR Or Routine Vaccination Coverage Protect Against COVID Infection And Mortality In India?
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Shrinivasa Basavewowdanadoddi Marinaik, Adhin Bhaskar, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, and Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran
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COVID-19 ,BCG vaccine ,measles mumps rubella vaccine ,routine vaccination ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: The routine vaccinations and acquired immunity by other viral infections were believed to be acting as a protective factor against severe COVID-19 outbreaks in some countries. This study is overviewing the relationship of routine BCG, MMR vaccinations and reported MMR disease outbreak with reported COVID-19 infection across the Indian states. Methods: The data on vaccination coverage and respiratory disease infection was obtained from Universal immunization program and Integrated disease surveillance project reports. spearman rank Correlation has been used to assess the relationship of routine vaccination and COVID-19 infection. Results: The result did not find any relationship of routine vaccination with BCG and MMR or exposure to MMR infection on COVID-19 infections in India. Conclusion: The exposure to BCG or MMR vaccination did not have a non specific protection against COVID-19 infection. The results imply that a larger proportion of the Indian population is still vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. more...
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- 2022
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13. Machine learning algorithms to predict treatment success for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Ahamed Fayaz, Shaik, Babu, Lakshmanan, Paridayal, Loganathan, Vasantha, Mahalingam, Paramasivam, Palaniyandi, Sundarakumar, Karuppasamy, and Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan
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RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,TUBERCULOSIS ,SUPPORT vector machines ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Despite advancements in detection and treatment, tuberculosis (TB), an infectious illness caused by the Mycobacterium TB bacteria, continues to pose a serious threat to world health. The TB diagnosis phase includes a patient's medical history, physical examination, chest X-rays, and laboratory procedures, such as molecular testing and sputum culture. In artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) is an advanced study of statistical algorithms that can learn from historical data and generalize the results to unseen data. There are not many studies done on the ML algorithm that enables the prediction of treatment success for patients with pulmonary TB (PTB). The objective of this study is to identify an effective and predictive ML algorithm to evaluate the detection of treatment success in PTB patients and to compare the predictive performance of the ML models. In this retrospective study, a total of 1236 PTB patients who were given treatment under a randomized controlled clinical trial at the ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India were considered for data analysis. The multiple ML models were developed and tested to identify the best algorithm to predict the sputum culture conversion of TB patients during the treatment period. In this study, decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and naïve bayes (NB) models were validated with high performance by achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) greater than 80%. The salient finding of the study is that the DT model was produced as a better algorithm with the highest accuracy (92.72%), an AUC (0.909), precision (95.90%), recall (95.60%) and F1-score (95.75%) among the ML models. This methodology may be used to study the precise ML model classification for predicting the treatment success of TB patients during the treatment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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14. Undernourished Household Contacts Are at Increased Risk of Tuberculosis (TB) Disease, but not TB Infection— a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Analysis
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Sinha, Pranay, primary, Ezhumalai, Komala, additional, Du, Xinyi, additional, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Dauphinais, Madolyn Rose, additional, Gupte, Nikhil, additional, Sarkar, Sonali, additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Gaikwad, Sanjay, additional, Thangakunam, Balamugesh, additional, Paradkar, Mandar, additional, Christopher, Devasahayam J, additional, Mave, Vidya, additional, Viswanathan, Vijay, additional, Ellner, Jerrold J, additional, Kornfeld, Hardy, additional, Horsburgh, C R, additional, Padmapriyadarsini, Chandrasekaran, additional, and Gupte, Akshay, additional more...
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- 2024
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15. Predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and risk score formulation for prioritizing tertiary care-An experience from South India.
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Narendran Gopalan, Sumathi Senthil, Narmadha Lakshmi Prabakar, Thirumaran Senguttuvan, Adhin Bhaskar, Muthukumaran Jagannathan, Ravi Sivaraman, Jayalakshmi Ramasamy, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Vijayalakshmi Arumugam, Banumathy Getrude, Gautham Sakthivel, Vignes Anand Srinivasalu, Dhanalakshmi Rajendran, Arunjith Nadukkandiyil, Vaishnavi Ravi, Sadiqa Nasreen Hifzour Rahamane, Nirmal Athur Paramasivam, Tamizhselvan Manoharan, Maheshwari Theyagarajan, Vineet Kumar Chadha, Mohan Natrajan, Baskaran Dhanaraj, Manoj Vasant Murhekar, Shanthi Malar Ramalingam, and Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran more...
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundWe retrospectively data-mined the case records of Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized to a tertiary care centre to derive mortality predictors and formulate a risk score, for prioritizing admission.Methods and findingsData on clinical manifestations, comorbidities, vital signs, and basic lab investigations collected as part of routine medical management at admission to a COVID-19 tertiary care centre in Chengalpattu, South India between May and November 2020 were retrospectively analysed to ascertain predictors of mortality in the univariate analysis using their relative difference in distribution among 'survivors' and 'non-survivors'. The regression coefficients of those factors remaining significant in the multivariable logistic regression were utilised for risk score formulation and validated in 1000 bootstrap datasets. Among 746 COVID-19 patients hospitalised [487 "survivors" and 259 "non-survivors" (deaths)], there was a slight male predilection [62.5%, (466/746)], with a higher mortality rate observed among 40-70 years age group [59.1%, (441/746)] and highest among diabetic patients with elevated urea levels [65.4% (68/104)]. The adjusted odds ratios of factors [OR (95% CI)] significant in the multivariable logistic regression were SaO23; 3.01 (1.61-5.83), Age ≥50 years;2.52 (1.45-4.43), Pulse Rate ≥100/min: 2.02 (1.19-3.47) and coexisting Diabetes Mellitus; 1.73 (1.02-2.95) with hypertension and gender not retaining their significance. The individual risk scores for SaO23-11, Age ≥50 years-9, Pulse Rate ≥100/min-7 and coexisting diabetes mellitus-6, acronymed collectively as 'OUR-ARDs score' showed that the sum of scores ≥ 25 predicted mortality with a sensitivity-90%, specificity-64% and AUC of 0.85.ConclusionsThe 'OUR ARDs' risk score, derived from easily assessable factors predicting mortality, offered a tangible solution for prioritizing admission to COVID-19 tertiary care centre, that enhanced patient care but without unduly straining the health system. more...
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- 2022
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16. 1953. Impact of Baseline Nutritional Status on Tuberculosis Severity in India: a multicenter prospective cohort analysis
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Du, Xinyi, primary, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Gupte, Nikhil, additional, Sarkar, Sonali, additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Christopher, Devasahayam J, additional, Kornfeld, Hardy, additional, Viswanathan, Vijay, additional, Ellner, Jerrold, additional, Horsburgh, C Robert, additional, Padmapriyadarsini, Chandrasekaran, additional, and Sinha, Pranay, additional more...
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- 2023
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17. A Review of Statistical Modelling and Machine Learning in Analytical Problems
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Kannan Thiruvengadam, Basilea Watson, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, and Rajendran Krishnan
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General Engineering - Published
- 2022
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18. Impact of Undernutrition on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in India: A Multicenter, Prospective, Cohort Analysis
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Sinha, Pranay, primary, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Gupte, Nikhil, additional, Babu, Senbagavalli Prakash, additional, Cox, Samyra R, additional, Sarkar, Sonali, additional, Mave, Vidya, additional, Paradkar, Mandar, additional, Cintron, Chelsie, additional, Govindarajan, S, additional, Kinikar, Aarti, additional, Priya, Nadesan, additional, Gaikwad, Sanjay, additional, Thangakunam, Balamugesh, additional, Devarajan, Arutselvi, additional, Dhanasekaran, Mythili, additional, Tornheim, Jeffrey A, additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Salgame, Padmini, additional, Christopher, Devashyam Jesudas, additional, Kornfeld, Hardy, additional, Viswanathan, Vijay, additional, Ellner, Jerrold J, additional, Horsburgh, C Robert, additional, Gupte, Akshay N, additional, Padmapriyadarsini, Chandrasekaran, additional, and Hochberg, Natasha S, additional more...
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- 2022
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19. Role of a Putative Alkylhydroperoxidase Rv2159c in the Oxidative Stress Response and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Bhargavi, Gunapati, primary, Singh, Amit Kumar, additional, Deenadayalan, Anbarasu, additional, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Patil, Shripad A., additional, and Palaniyandi, Kannan, additional
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- 2022
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20. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Nevirapine- or Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Associated Tuberculosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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Swaminathan, Soumya, Padmapriyadarsini, Chandrasekaran, Venkatesan, Perumal, Narendran, Gopalan, Kumar, Santhanakrishnan Ramesh, Iliayas, Sheik, Menon, Pradeep A., Selvaraju, Sriram, Pooranagangadevi, Navaneetha P., Bhavani, Perumal K., Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, Dilip, Meenalochani, and Ramachandran, Ranjani more...
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- 2011
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21. Impact of Undernutrition on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in India: A Multicenter, Prospective, Cohort Analysis.
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Sinha, Pranay, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, Gupte, Nikhil, Babu, Senbagavalli Prakash, Cox, Samyra R, Sarkar, Sonali, Mave, Vidya, Paradkar, Mandar, Cintron, Chelsie, Govindarajan, S, Kinikar, Aarti, Priya, Nadesan, Gaikwad, Sanjay, Thangakunam, Balamugesh, Devarajan, Arutselvi, Dhanasekaran, Mythili, Tornheim, Jeffrey A, Gupta, Amita, Salgame, Padmini, and Christopher, Devashyam Jesudas more...
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TUBERCULOSIS treatment , *RESEARCH , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *MALNUTRITION , *RESEARCH funding , *BODY mass index , *ODDS ratio , *LONGITUDINAL method , *POISSON distribution , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background Undernutrition is the leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) globally. Its impact on treatment outcomes is poorly defined. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB at 5 sites from 2015–2019. Using multivariable Poisson regression, we assessed associations between unfavorable outcomes and nutritional status based on body mass index (BMI) nutritional status at treatment initiation, BMI prior to TB disease, stunting, and stagnant or declining BMI after 2 months of TB treatment. Unfavorable outcome was defined as a composite of treatment failure, death, or relapse within 6 months of treatment completion. Results Severe undernutrition (BMI <16 kg/m2) at treatment initiation and severe undernutrition before the onset of TB disease were both associated with unfavorable outcomes (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–2.91 and aIRR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.16–3.94, respectively). Additionally, lack of BMI increase after treatment initiation was associated with increased unfavorable outcomes (aIRR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.27–2.61). Severe stunting (height-for-age z score <−3) was associated with unfavorable outcomes (aIRR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.00–2.24). Severe undernutrition at treatment initiation and lack of BMI increase during treatment were associated with a 4- and 5-fold higher rate of death, respectively. Conclusions Premorbid undernutrition, undernutrition at treatment initiation, lack of BMI increase after intensive therapy, and severe stunting are associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. These data highlight the need to address this widely prevalent TB comorbidity. Nutritional assessment should be integrated into standard TB care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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22. An Integrative Machine Learning Framework for Classifying SEER Breast Cancer
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Pandurangan, Manikandan, primary, U, Durga, additional, and Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional
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- 2022
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23. Count regression model to predict spousal harms in Tamil Nadu
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Varghese, Elizabeth, primary, Bhaskar, Adhin, additional, and Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional
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- 2022
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24. Bayesian structural equation modeling for post treatment health related quality of life among tuberculosis patients
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Vasantha, Mahalingam, primary, Muniyandi, Malaisamy, additional, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Srinivasan, Ramalingam, additional, and Venkatesan, Perumal, additional
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- 2021
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25. Efficacy of a six-month versus a 36-month regimen for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons in India: a randomized clinical trial.
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Soumya Swaminathan, Pradeep Aravindan Menon, Narendran Gopalan, Venkatesan Perumal, Ramesh Kumar Santhanakrishnan, Ranjani Ramachandran, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Sheik Iliayas, Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran, Pooranaganga Devi Navaneethapandian, Thiruvalluvan Elangovan, Mai Tuyet Pho, Fraser Wares, and Narayanan Paranji Ramaiyengar more...
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The optimal duration of preventive therapy for tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected persons in TB-endemic countries is unknown.An open-label randomized clinical trial was performed and analyzed for equivalence. Seven hundred and twelve HIV-infected, ART-naïve patients without active TB were randomized to receive either ethambutol 800 mg and isoniazid 300 mg daily for six-months (6EH) or isoniazid 300 mg daily for 36-months (36H). Drugs were dispensed fortnightly and adherence checked by home visits. Patients had chest radiograph, sputum smear and culture performed every six months, in addition to investigations if they developed symptoms. The primary endpoint was incident TB while secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and adverse events. Survival analysis was performed on the modified intent to treat population (m-ITT) and rates compared.Tuberculosis developed in 22 (6.4%) of 344 subjects in the 6EH arm and 13 (3.8%) of 339 subjects in the 36H arm with incidence rates of 2.4/100 py (95%CI- 1.4-3.5) and 1.6/100 py (95% CI-0.8-3.0) with an adjusted rate ratio (aIRR) of 1.6 (0.8-3.2). Among TST-positive subjects, the aIRR of 6EH was 1.7 (0.6-4.3) compared to 36H, p = 0.8. All-cause mortality and toxicity were similar in the two arms. Among 15 patients with confirmed TB, 4 isolates were resistant to isoniazid and 2 were multidrug-resistant.Both regimens were similarly effective in preventing TB, when compared to historical incidence rates. However, there was a trend to lower TB incidence with 36H. There was no increase in isoniazid resistance compared to the expected rate in HIV-infected patients. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00351702. more...
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- 2012
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26. Study on PIK3CA Gene Mutations in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma among South Indian populations
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Jayalalitha Sathiyamoorthy, Vidyarani Shyam Sundar, N. Aravindha Babu, Subbaih Shanmugham, Jagadeesan .G.Mani, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Aparna Kalyanaraman, and Rajeswary Hari
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,stomatognathic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,PIK3CA gene ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Basal cell ,Biology - Abstract
The present investigation was performed in South Indian Populations to determine the hotspot mutation frequency in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients with PIK3CA gene Exon 9 and Exon 20 and its correlations with help of their clinical characteristics leading to these mutations. PI3KCA belongs to a group of regulatory heterodimeric lipid kinase which is involved in proliferation of cells, apoptosis and as well in metastasis which is controlled by PIK3CA gene is subjected to high frequency of somatic mutation in various tumors including OSCC. Total of 25 OSCC patients samples comprising of male and female subjects from Government tertiary care Centre were included in this study. Tumor specimen samples were collected and amplified for PIK3CA gene by PCR and subjected to genomic DNA Sequencing. Our findings showed total of 20% of oncogenic frequency in PIK3CA gene. We also observed two hot spot mutations (E545K) in exon 9 gene and three hot spot mutations (H1047Q, H1047Y, H1048Q) in exon 20 gene in our study populations. 0 Based on our findings it may be concluded that PIK3CA gene Exon 9 and Exon 20 contributes to a major role in pathogenesis on OSCC among South Indian populations may act as therapeutic target for a anticancer drug for the treatment OSCC. more...
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- 2018
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27. 4‐month moxifloxacin containing regimens in the treatment of patients with sputum‐positive pulmonary tuberculosis in South India – a randomised clinical trial
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Velayutham, Banurekha, primary, Jawahar, Mohideen Shaheed, additional, Nair, Dina, additional, Navaneethapandian, Pooranagangadevi, additional, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Chandrasekaran, Kandasamy, additional, Narayan Sivaramakrishnan, Gomathi, additional, Makesh Kumar, Marimuthu, additional, Paul Kumaran, Paramasivam, additional, Ramesh Kumar, Santhanakrishnan, additional, Baskaran, Dhanaraj, additional, Bella Devaleenal, Daniel, additional, Sirasanambati, Devarajulu Reddy, additional, Vasantha, Mahalingam, additional, Palaniyandi, Paramasivam, additional, Ramachandran, Geetha, additional, Uma Devi, Kadayam Ranganathan, additional, Elizabeth Hannah, Luke, additional, Sekar, Gomathi, additional, Radhakrishnan, Ammayappan, additional, Kalaiselvi, Dharuman, additional, Dhanalakshmi, Angamuthu, additional, Thiruvalluvan, Elangovan, additional, Raja Sakthivel, Murugesan, additional, Mahilmaran, Ayyamperumal, additional, Sridhar, Rathinam, additional, Jayabal, Lavanya, additional, Rathinam, Prabhakaran, additional, Angamuthu, Prabhakar, additional, Soorappa Ponnusamy, Kumaresan, additional, Venkatesan, Perumal, additional, Natrajan, Mohan, additional, Prasad Tripathy, Srikanth, additional, and Swaminathan, Soumya, additional more...
- Published
- 2020
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28. Association of rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms of vitamin D binding protein gene in pulmonary tuberculosis
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Veerasamy Athikesavan, Pavithra Sampath, Paramasivam Selvaraj, Ramalingam Bethunaickan, Uday Kumar Putcha, M. Harishankar, Srikanth Tripathy, Uma Devi Ranganathan, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, and Banurekha Velayutham more...
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Vitamin D-binding protein ,Haplotype ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,vitamin D deficiency ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Internal medicine ,Genotype ,Genetics ,medicine ,Restriction fragment length polymorphism ,Gene ,Genotyping ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is often associated with tuberculosis susceptibility. Variants of vitamin D binding protein gene are reported to be associated with blood circulating concentration of 25(OH)D levels. The aim of the present study was to understand the association of rs7041 (G/T) and rs4588 (C/A) polymorphisms with tuberculosis susceptibility/protection in 125 Healthy controls (HCs) and 125 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and to understand whether the gene variants have any influence on 25(OH)D levels in South Indian population. The genotyping for both the polymorphisms were done by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. 25(OH)D levels were estimated by ELISA method. The results revealed that under codominant model, rs4588 ‘CA' genotype significantly associated with TB susceptibility [OR: 1.47 (0.85–2.55); p = 0.049] and associated with 47.4% 25(OH)D deficiency in PTB patients. Whereas, under recessive model (‘AA' vs ‘CC' + ‘CA') rs4588 ‘AA' genotype significantly associated with TB protection [OR: 0.14 (0.02–1.29); p = 0.042]. Whereas in rs7041 polymorphism, under overdominant model (‘TG' vs ‘GG+’TT'), no association was found. Increased 25(OH)D levels were found with rs7041 “GG”, and rs4588 “CC” genotype in HCs and PTB patients. Haplotypes ‘TA' and ‘TC' associated with susceptibility to TB in males compared with females [‘TA' - OR: 4.18 (1.84–9.49); ‘TC' - OR: 3.63 (1.34–9.84)]. The results suggest that the heterozygous genotype rs4588 “CA” significantly associated with susceptibility while rs4588 “AA” genotype significantly associated with TB protection. Gene variants with 25(OH)D deficiency revealed no significant association due to limited sample size. However, in rs7041 “TG” and rs4588 “CA” genotype was associated with 61.1% and 47.4% 25(OH)D deficiency (OR > 2.0) in PTB patients. Future studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm this study finding. more...
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- 2020
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29. Distribution and growth rate of COVID-19 outbreak in Tamil Nadu: A log-linear regression approach
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Bhaskar, Adhin, primary, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Srinivasan, Ramalingam, additional, and Padmanaban, Srinivasan, additional
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- 2020
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30. Recurrence of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, India: A multi-centric prospective study
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Velayutham, Banurekha, primary, Chadha, Vineet Kumar, additional, Singla, Neeta, additional, Narang, Pratibha, additional, Gangadhar Rao, Vikas, additional, Nair, Sanjeev, additional, Ramalingam, Srinivasan, additional, Narayanan Sivaramakrishnan, Gomathi, additional, Joseph, Bency, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Shanmugam, Shivakumar, additional, Narang, Rahul, additional, Pachikkaran, Praseeja, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Bajaj Bhalla, Bhoomika, additional, Shivashankara, Bhadravathi Amarnath, additional, Sebastian, George, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Kumar Sharma, Ravendra, additional, Sarin, Rohit, additional, Myneedu, Vithal Prasad, additional, Singla, Rupak, additional, Khayyam, Khalidumer, additional, Mrithunjayan, Sunil Kumar, additional, Jayasankar, Subramonia Pillai, additional, Sanker, Praveen, additional, Viswanathan, Krishnaveni, additional, Viswambharan, Rajeevan, additional, Mathuria, Kapil, additional, Bhalla, Manpreet, additional, Singh, Nitu, additional, Tumane, Kondeshvar Balaji, additional, Dawale, Ajay, additional, Tiwari, Chandra Prakash, additional, Bansod, Radhelal, additional, Jayabal, Lavanya, additional, Murali, Lakshmi, additional, Khaparde, Sunil D., additional, Rao, Raghuram, additional, Jawahar, Mohideen S., additional, and Natrajan, Mohan, additional more...
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- 2018
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31. Prevalence of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes in the Arab world: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Abdel-Motal, Ussama M., primary, G, Akila, additional, Abdelalim, Essam M., additional, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Iken, Khadija, additional, Jahromi, Mohamed, additional, Doss, George Priya, additional, El Bekay, Rajaa, additional, and Zayed, Hatem, additional more...
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- 2018
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32. EVALUATION OF SERUM TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 AND NUCLEAR FACTOR-ΚBP65 PROTEINS IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
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Rajeswary Hari, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Subbaih Shanmugam, Jagadeesan G. Mani, Jayalalitha Sathiyamoorthy, Vidyarani Shyamsundar, and N. Aravindha Babu
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Pharmacology ,Toll-like receptor ,Epithelial dysplasia ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Study groups ,business.industry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Protein level ,Gastroenterology ,stomatognathic diseases ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Basal cell ,Pearson Correlation Test ,In patient ,business ,Receptor - Abstract
Objective: The present study is aimed to estimate the serum toll-like receptor 4 (sTLR 4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 proteins in patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: The study was performed in prospective cases of 22 OSCC patients, 10 oral epithelial dysplasia patients, 8 control with chewing habits, and 4 control patients. The estimation of sTLR 4 and NF-κBp65 proteins was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The Pearson correlation test was performed to find out the relationship between these two proteins. Results: There was an increase in the sTLR 4 protein level in study groups OSCC, oral premalignant disorders, control with chewing habits, and control habits such as 1.31 ng/ml±1.06 ng/ml, 1.99 ng/ml±0.98 ng/ml, and 2.11 ng/ml±0.61 ng/ml, respectively, when comparable (p=0.008) to control patients with 0.60 ng/ml±0.24 ng/ml. However, in the case of serum level NF-κBp65 protein all the study groups including the control showed same values. The Pearson correlation test showed significant relationship (rpearson=0.91, [p more...
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- 2018
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33. Decision Tree Classification and Model Evaluation for Breast Cancer Survivability: A Data Mining Approach
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Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, primary, C Lakshmanan, Babu, additional, Srinivasan, Valarmathi, additional, and Prasanth B, Krihsna, additional
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- 2017
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34. Effect of moxifloxacin on QTc interval in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis
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Poorana Ganga Devi Navaneethapandian, Banurekha Velayutham, Makeshkumar Marimuthu, Soumya Swaminathan, Dina Nair, Mohammed Shaheed Jawahar, and Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Moxifloxacin ,Antitubercular Agents ,General Medicine ,QT interval ,Electrocardiography ,Pulmonary tuberculosis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Humans ,Female ,business ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2018
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35. Sputum culture conversion with moxifloxacin-containing regimens in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in South India
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Baskaran Dhanaraj, Lavanya Jayabal, Makesh K. Marimuthu, Ramesh Kumar Santhanakrishnan, Gangadevi P. Navaneethapandian, Gomathi Sivaramakrishnan, Thiruvalluvan Elangovan, Kalaiselvi Dharuman, Dina Nair, Chandrasekaran Kandasamy, Chandrasekar Chockalingam, Sridhar Rathinam, Iliayas S. Allaudeen, Prabhakaran Rathinam, Paul K. Paramasivam, Banurekha Velayutham, Venkatesan Perumal, Jawahar Mohideen Shaheed, Gangadharan Vadivelu, Soumya Swaminathan, Meenakshi Narasimhan, Vanaja Kumar, and Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan more...
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Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Moxifloxacin ,Antitubercular Agents ,India ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Sputum culture ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,medicine ,Culture conversion ,Humans ,Registries ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,Ethambutol ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Sputum ,Pyrazinamide ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Regimen ,Infectious Diseases ,Treatment Outcome ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Radiography, Thoracic ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug ,Fluoroquinolones ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background. Rapid sputum culture conversion at 2 months indicates the sterilizing capacity and potential of regimens to shorten duration of tuberculosis treatment. We compared results of sputum culture conversion by moxifloxacin and control regimens and identified factors affecting sputum culture positivity after 2 months of treatment. Methods. Human immunodeficiency virus–uninfected adults with newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized to receive a 3- or 4-month moxifloxacin regimen (moxifloxacin [M], isoniazid [H], rifampicin [R], pyrazinamide [Z], ethambutol [E]) or the control regimen (RHZE thrice weekly). Bacteriological assessments were done at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days of treatment. Because all patients in the moxifloxacin groups received 2 months of daily RHZEM, they were grouped together foranalysis. Statistical methods included χ 2 test and logistic regression analysis. Results. Sputum culture conversion was analyzed in 780 (616 in the moxifloxacin group and 164 in the control group) of 801 enrolled patients. Ninety-five percent of 590 patients in the moxifloxacin group and 81% of 151 patients in the control group had negative sputum cultures at month 2 (P< .001). The control regimen, age (≥35 years), initial sputum culture grade (2+ or 3+), and male sex were significantly associated with higher odds of positive sputum cultures at 2 months. Conclusions. A5 -drug daily regimen with moxifloxacin results in significantly higher sputum culture conversion in the first 2 months compared with a thrice-weekly, 4-drug regimen in patients with newly diagnosed sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. more...
- Published
- 2014
36. Efficacy of a six-month versus a 36-month regimen for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons in India: a randomized clinical trial
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Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran, Ranjani Ramachandran, Ramesh Kumar Santhanakrishnan, Venkatesan Perumal, Sheik Iliayas, Mai Tuyet Pho, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Fraser Wares, Narendran Gopalan, Narayanan Paranji RamaIyengar, Soumya Swaminathan, Thiruvalluvan Elangovan, Pooranaganga Devi Navaneethapandian, and Pradeep A. Menon more...
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Bacterial Diseases ,Male ,Antitubercular Agents ,lcsh:Medicine ,HIV Infections ,Rate ratio ,law.invention ,Clinical trials ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,lcsh:Science ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Incidence ,Mortality rate ,HIV diagnosis and management ,Middle Aged ,AIDS ,Treatment Outcome ,Medicine ,Infectious diseases ,Female ,Ethambutol ,Research Article ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Population ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Retrovirology and HIV immunopathogenesis ,India ,Viral diseases ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Phase III ,Internal medicine ,Isoniazid ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,History of tuberculosis ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Tropical Diseases (Non-Neglected) ,HIV ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Regimen ,lcsh:Q ,Clinical research design ,business - Abstract
Background The optimal duration of preventive therapy for tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected persons in TB-endemic countries is unknown. Methods An open-label randomized clinical trial was performed and analyzed for equivalence. Seven hundred and twelve HIV-infected, ART-naïve patients without active TB were randomized to receive either ethambutol 800 mg and isoniazid 300 mg daily for six-months (6EH) or isoniazid 300 mg daily for 36-months (36H). Drugs were dispensed fortnightly and adherence checked by home visits. Patients had chest radiograph, sputum smear and culture performed every six months, in addition to investigations if they developed symptoms. The primary endpoint was incident TB while secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and adverse events. Survival analysis was performed on the modified intent to treat population (m-ITT) and rates compared. Findings Tuberculosis developed in 22 (6.4%) of 344 subjects in the 6EH arm and 13 (3.8%) of 339 subjects in the 36H arm with incidence rates of 2.4/100py (95%CI- 1.4–3.5) and 1.6/100py (95% CI-0.8–3.0) with an adjusted rate ratio (aIRR) of 1.6 (0.8–3.2). Among TST-positive subjects, the aIRR of 6EH was 1.7 (0.6–4.3) compared to 36H, p = 0.8. All-cause mortality and toxicity were similar in the two arms. Among 15 patients with confirmed TB, 4 isolates were resistant to isoniazid and 2 were multidrug-resistant. Interpretation Both regimens were similarly effective in preventing TB, when compared to historical incidence rates. However, there was a trend to lower TB incidence with 36H. There was no increase in isoniazid resistance compared to the expected rate in HIV-infected patients. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00351702. more...
- Published
- 2012
37. Efficacy of a 6-month versus 9-month intermittent treatment regimen in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis: a randomized clinical trial
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G. Narendran, P R Narayanan, Raja Sakthivel, Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan, Chandrasekharan Padmapriyadarsini, Pradeep A. Menon, Ranjani Ramachandran, Mohanarani Suhadev, Perumal Venkatesan, Soumya Swaminathan, Sheik Iliayas, and Rameshkumar Santhanakrishnan more...
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Antitubercular Agents ,HIV Infections ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Medication Adherence ,Intensive care ,Internal medicine ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,medicine ,Isoniazid ,Humans ,Ethambutol ,Antibacterial agent ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,business.industry ,Pyrazinamide ,Viral Load ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Regimen ,Logistic Models ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Rifampin ,business ,Rifampicin ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The outcome of fully intermittent thrice-weekly antituberculosis treatment of various durations in HIV-associated tuberculosis is unclear.To compare the efficacy of an intermittent 6-month regimen (Reg6M: 2EHRZ(3)/4HR(3) [ethambutol, 1,200 mg; isoniazid, 600 mg; rifampicin, 450 or 600 mg depending on body weight60 oror =60 kg; and pyrazinamide, 1,500 mg for 2 mo; followed by 4 mo of isoniazid and rifampicin at the same doses]) versus a 9-month regimen (Reg9M: 2EHRZ(3)/7HR(3)) in HIV/tuberculosis (TB).HIV-infected patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB were randomly assigned to Reg6M (n = 167) or Reg9M (n = 160) and monitored by determination of clinical, immunological, and bacteriological parameters for 36 months. Primary outcomes included favorable responses at the end of treatment and recurrences during follow-up, whereas the secondary outcome was death. Intent-to-treat and on-treatment analyses were performed. All patients were antiretroviral treatment-naive during treatment.Of the patients, 70% had culture-positive pulmonary TB; the median viral load was 155,000 copies/ml and the CD4(+) cell count was 160 cells/mm(3). Favorable response to antituberculosis treatment was similar by intent to treat (Reg6M, 83% and Reg9M, 76%; P = not significant). Bacteriological recurrences occurred significantly more often in Reg6M than in Reg9M (15 vs. 7%; P0.05) although overall recurrences were not significantly different (Reg6M, 19% vs. Reg9M, 13%). By 36 months, 36% of patients undergoing Reg6M and 35% undergoing Reg9M had died, with no significant difference between regimens. All 19 patients who failed treatment developed acquired rifamycin resistance (ARR), the main risk factor being baseline isoniazid resistance.Among antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-infected patients with TB, a 9-month regimen resulted in a similar outcome at the end of treatment but a significantly lower bacteriological recurrence rate compared with a 6-month thrice-weekly regimen. ARR was high with these intermittent regimens and neither mortality nor ARR was altered by lengthening TB treatment. Clinical Trials Registry Information: ID# NCT00376012 registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov. more...
- Published
- 2009
38. An Overview on the Complement of Kaplan-Meir Estimation and Cumulative Incidence Estimation in the Presence of Competing Risks_Simulation Approach
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Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, primary
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- 2015
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39. Randomized Clinical Trial of Thrice-Weekly 4-Month Moxifloxacin or Gatifloxacin Containing Regimens in the Treatment of New Sputum Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
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Jawahar, Mohideen S., primary, Banurekha, Vaithilingam V., additional, Paramasivan, Chinnampedu N., additional, Rahman, Fathima, additional, Ramachandran, Rajeswari, additional, Venkatesan, Perumal, additional, Balasubramanian, Rani, additional, Selvakumar, Nagamiah, additional, Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, additional, Iliayas, Allaudeen S., additional, Gangadevi, Navaneethapandian P., additional, Raman, Balambal, additional, Baskaran, Dhanaraj, additional, Kumar, Santhanakrishnan R., additional, Kumar, Marimuthu M., additional, Mohan, Victor, additional, Ganapathy, Sudha, additional, Kumar, Vanaja, additional, Shanmugam, Geetha, additional, Charles, Niruparani, additional, Sakthivel, Murugesan R., additional, Jagannath, Kannivelu, additional, Chandrasekar, Chockalingam, additional, Parthasarathy, Ramavaram T., additional, and Narayanan, Paranji R., additional more...
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- 2013
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40. Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Nevirapine- or Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in HIVAssociated Tuberculosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
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Swaminathan, Soumya, Padmapriyadarsini, Chandrasekaran, Venkatesan, Perumal, Narendran, Gopalan, Kumar, Santhanakrishnan Ramesh, Iliayas, Sheik, Menon, Pradeep A., Selvaraju, Sriram, Pooranagangadevi, Navaneetha P., Bhavani, Perumal K., Ponnuraja, Chinnaiyan, Dilip, Meenalochani, and Ramachandran, Ranjani more...
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NEVIRAPINE ,DRUG efficacy ,EFAVIRENZ ,HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy ,HIV-positive persons - Abstract
Background. Nevirapine (NVP) can be safely and effectively administered once-daily but has not been assessed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with tuberculosis (TB). We studied the safety and efficacy of once-daily NVP, compared with efavirenz (EFV; standard therapy); both drugs were administered in combination with 2 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. Methods. An open-label, noninferiority, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at 3 sites in southern India. HIV-infected patients with TB were treated with a standard short-course anti-TB regimen (2EHRZ
3 /4RH3 ; [2 months of Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide / 4 months of Isoniazid and Rifampicin] thrice weekly) and randomized to receive once-daily EFV at a dose of 600 mg or NVP at a dose of 400 mg (after 14 days of 200 mg administered once daily) with didanosine 250/400 mg and lamivudine 300 mg after 2 months. Sputum smears and mycobacterial cultures were performed every month. CD41 cell count, viral load, and liver function test results were monitored periodically. Primary outcome was a composite of death, virological failure, default, or serious adverse event (SAE) at 24 weeks. Both intent-to-treat and per protocol analyses were done, and planned interim analyses were performed. Results. A total of 116 patients (75% [87 patients] of whom had pulmonary TB), with a mean age of 36 years, a median CD41 cell count of 84 cells/mm3 , and a median viral load of 310 000 copies/mL, were randomized. At 24 weeks, 50 of 59 patients in the EFV group and 37 of 57 patients in the NVP group had virological suppression (P = .024). There were no deaths, 1 SAE, and 5 treatment failures in the EFV arm, compared with 5 deaths, 2 SAEs, and 10 treatment failures in the NVP arm. The trial was halted by the data and safety monitoring board at the second interim analysis. Favorable TB treatment outcomes were observed in 93% of the patients in the EFV arm and 84% of the patients in the NVP arm (P = .058). Conclusions. Compared with a regimen of didanosine, lamivudine, and EFV, a regimen of once-daily didanosine, lamivudine, and NVP was inferior and was associated with more frequent virologic failure and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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