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Phenols are prominent in organic reactions and highly significant biologically active substances. We report a versatile and sustainable CuI-catalyzed protocol for their synthesis through an oxidative ipso-functionalization (hydroxy deborylation) strategy of (hetero)arylboronic acids [(H)ABAs] using the water extract of pomegranate peel ash (WEPA) in open-air. They are formed at room temperature (RT). This process shows high significance toward the environmental sustainability over the reported procedures of ipso-hydroxylation of (H)ABAs. The application of a waste-derived biorenewable basic reaction medium, air as an oxidant, wide substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, reusability of the catalyst, ambient conditions, less expensive and safer catalyst with low loading, aqueous medium, avoidance of volatile organic solvents, and external oxidant, and tremendous further scope are the noteworthy features of this protocol.

Phenols are prominent in organic reactions and highly significant biologically active substances. We report a versatile and sustainable CuI-catalyzed protocol for their synthesis through an oxidative ipso-functionalization (hydroxy deborylation) strategy of (hetero)arylboronic acids [(H)ABAs] using the water extract of pomegranate peel ash (WEPA) in open-air. They are formed at room temperature (RT). This process shows high significance toward the environmental sustainability over the reported procedures of ipso-hydroxylation of (H)ABAs. The application of a waste-derived biorenewable basic reaction medium, air as an oxidant, wide substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, reusability of the catalyst, ambient conditions, less expensive and safer catalyst with low loading, aqueous medium, avoidance of volatile organic solvents, and external oxidant, and tremendous further scope are the noteworthy features of this protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phenol is an organic pollutant found in industrial effluents that is very toxic to humans and the environment. This study used pomegranate peel ash as a natural absorbent to remove phenol from aqueous solutions. Methods: In this study, pomegranate peel ash in different doses was used as a new adsorbent for the removal of phenol. The effects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial phenol concentration were recorded. Then, the adsorption data was described with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms; Excel software was used for data analysis. Results: The highest percentage of phenol adsorption was observed at pH = 7. The optimum amount of adsorbent was 0.6 g/l, and after 120 minutes, the process reached an equilibrium state. The adsorption of phenol decreased following an increase in the pH of the solution. It was also observed that contact time significantly affected the rate of phenol adsorption. The experimental data fit much better in the Freundlich (R2 = 0.9056) model than in the Langmuir (R2 = 0.8674) model. Conclusion: Pomegranate peel ash has the potential to be utilized for the cost-effective removal of phenol from aqueous solutions.