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The Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) is one of the top insect collections in the United States with in excess of eight million curated specimens and significant amounts of materials in bulk collections and other unprocessed samples. The subphylum Myriapoda currently comprises approximately 17,500 species in the four classes Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda. The FSCA houses type material in the Diplopoda orders Callipodida, Chordeumatida, Glomeridesmida, Julida, Polydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonophorida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida. This catalog documents the FSCA primary type material for 74 species in 45 genera in 25 families and nine orders within Diplopoda.

Petaserpes bikermani (Causey, 1951: 138) Lectotype: 1 ♂. Polyzoniida: Polyzoniidae / Polyzonium bikermani Causey / M LECTOTYPE: F PARALECTOTYPE / Sig. Shelley, 1996 // Route 1, SW of Prairie Groove, [sic]/ Washington Co., Arkansas / 20.x.1955 Maxine Hite // [barcode label] FSCA 00070706. Conservation status: Good condition; in 75% EtOH. Additional notes: Paralectotype 1 ♀ in vial; same location data; FSCA 00070707; originally described as Polyzonium bikermani Causey, 1951, and subsequently given the new combination Petaserpes bikermani (Causey, 1951) by Shelley (1998). Neotype designation by Shelley (1998)., Published as part of Keller, Oliver, Dunn, Ann & Soto-Adames, Felipe, 2023, An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA, pp. 230-250 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7960066, {"references":["Causey, N. B. (1951) On two new colobognath millipeds and records of some established species from east of the Rock Mountains. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 64, 137 - 140.","Shelley, R. M. (1998) The milliped family Polyzoniidae in North America, with a classification of the global fauna (Diplopoda Polyzoniida). Arthropoda Selecta, 6 (3 / 4), 3 - 34."]}

Two decades have passed since the publishing of the last checklist of the millipedes of Slovakia. During this time, several new faunistic records have been added and taxonomic revisions have occurred. The present updated checklist summarises data on all millipede species recorded in Slovakia, including altogether 93 species. For each species, general habitat characteristics, ecological classification and distributional pattern are provided. Ecological classification is presented for the first time for the millipede species occurring in Slovakia and is proposed as a tool for ecological studies and for the nature protection purposes. Special remarks are given to the species newly found for Slovakia, Geoglomeris subterranea Verhoeff, 1908, Brachyiulus lusitanus Verhoeff, 1898, Cylindroiulus britannicus (Verhoeff, 1891), C. parisiorum (Brölemann & Verhoeff, 1896) and Polydesmus burzenlandicus Verhoeff, 1925, as well as to C. arborum Verhoeff, 1928, the species newly confirmed for Slovakia after more than 70 years.

Los milpiés (Diplopoda) son un grupo de artrópodos terrestres con una alta diversidad específica a escala global. En el mundo están citadas unas 12,000 especies distribuidas en 16 órdenes y 145 familias. La familia Polyzoniidae está representada en Europa por tres especies, siendo Polyzonium germanicum Brandt, 1837 la que presenta una distribución más amplia. Hasta la fecha no existen citas en la Península Ibérica para esta familia. Polyzonium germanicum habita fundamentalmente en suelos de bosques húmedos o muy húmedos, ya sean de coníferas, de frondosas o bosques mixtos. La presente nota describe una población de P. germanicum localizada en suelos de un hayedo del norte de la provincia de Barcelona (España). Este registro representa la primera cita de la especie P. germanicum y de la familia Polyzoniidae para la fauna ibérica.

Buotus carolinus (Chamberlin) 1940, a minute, rarely collected but relatively widespread milliped of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, was originally described as a member of the order Polyzoniida, family Polyzoniidae. Shear (1981) correctly placed the species in the order Chordeumatida and argued for assignment to the suborder Craspedosomatidea, superfamily Brannerioidea, family Tingupidae. New studies of fresh specimens using the scanning electron microscope, however, revealed characters inconsistent with this placement and instead support inclusion of Buotus in the suborder Striariidea, superfamily Striarioidea. Because the species cannot be accommodated in any of the established families of this superfamily, a new family Buotidae is herein erected to receive it.

Polyzonium malagassum de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902 Polyzonium malagassum de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902: 285 (first description) ' Polyzonium ' malagassum.��� Enghoff 2003: (list). Material examined. Type material: 1 M lectotype (designated herewith), 5 F paratypes (two missing the head), MNHN B019. Label data: Madagascar, Grandidier. No precise locality given. Label data fits the data mentioned in the first description 100 %. Additional material: 3 F, MHNG, ' Madagascar', Polyzonium malagassum, H. de Saussure det. 1903, newer label inside stating "after Hoffman Rhinotus ? africanus (Cook)" [another synonym of R. purpureus]. Redescription. The specimens are in very good condition, ca. 7 mm long with the male lectotype slightly smaller. The width is 0.78 mm in the largest female. The specimens have 38 (lectotype, 2 F paratypes) body rings plus telson. The colour is a faded dark brown with lighter antennae (Fig. 1 A). On each side of head with single, large black ocellus (Fig. 1 B). Collum overlapping head up to lower half of ocellus. Gonopods: Anterior gonopod sternite with two rounded lobes, each carrying a long seta (Fig. 2 A). Coxae fused and massive, with sutures still visible. Each coxa with a long trichostele, carrying a long seta. First podomere small but wide, second podomere massive, third podomere carrying mesally a protruding channel for the tarsus of the posterior gonopod (Fig. 2 A), as well as a partly covered process further laterally. Podomere 3 laterally with ca. 4 short setae. Posterior gonopod sternite elongated into two widely separated, rectangular lobes, each carrying 4 or 5 strong setae (Fig. 2 B). Above the syncoxite with three basal, partly fused and difficult to distinguish podomeres, apically with a very long, slender tarsus. Tarsus apically with a short claw (Fig. 2 B). P. malagassum, a new synonym of R. purpureus. As noted by Shelley (1998), R. purpureus is a widespread tramp species introduced to various pacific islands, West Africa, SE Asia, Middle America, the southern USA, several Seychelles islands as well as Madagascar. Individuals of R. purpureus were often described as new species, leading to more than a dozen species synonyms (Hoffman 1980), and generic synonyms such as Boninozonium Takakuwa, 1942; Orsilochus Attems, 1900; Paraburenia Verhoeff, 1939; and Paraconus Chamberlin, 1945. In fact, the Malagasy R. purpureus was already described as Orsilochus acuticonus more than a century ago (Attems 1910), and recently synonymized (Golovatch & Korsos 1992). Our illustrations of the gonopods of the lectotype of Polyzonium malagassum are virtually identical with those illustrated by previous authors (Mauri��s 1980, Golovatch & Korsos 1992) and clearly show that P. malagassum represents another synonym of R. purpureus. Other localities of R. purpureus on Madagascar . FMNH-INS 3990, 1 M, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, camp IV, 22.4217 S, 46.8983 E, 1200 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 03.���09.xi. 1997, pitfall traps; FMNH-INS 3991, 1 M, 1 F, Madagascar, Province Toamasina, Station Forestiere Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., 17.2833 S, 49.4167 E, 10 m, littoral rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 10.iv. 1997, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4002, 1 specimen, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, R. S. Ivohibe, 8 km East of Ivohibe, camp II, 22.4833 S, 46.9683 E, 1200 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 15.��� 21.x. 1997, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4006, 1 M, 1 F, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, R. S. Ivohibe, 8 km East of Ivohibe, camp II, 22.4833 S, 46.9683 E, 1200 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 15.��� 21.x. 1997, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4016, ~ 100 specimens, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, R. S. Ivohibe, 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, camp III, 22.4967 S, 46.9550 E, 1575 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 24.��� 30.x. 1997, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4023, 127 specimens, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, R. S. Ivohibe, 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, camp IV, 22.4217 S, 46.8983 E, 1200 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 03.���09.xi. 1997, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4034, 1 M, 1 F, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, R��s. Andringitra, 8.5 km SE Antanitotsy, 22.1667 S, 46.9667 E, 1990 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, Sylvain, 06.iii. 1997, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4038, 137 specimens, Madagascar, Province Toamasina, Station Forestiere Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., 17.2833 S, 49.4333 E, 10 m, littoral rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 04.iv. 1997, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4049, 1 specimen, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, 20.7767 S, 47.1650 E, 1700 m, disturbed montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 07.i. 1998, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4050, numerous specimens, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, 20.7767 S 47.1650 E, 1700 m, disturbed montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 07.i. 1998, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4060, 1 F, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, 20.7767 S, 47.1650 E, 1700 m, disturbed montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 07.i. 1998, pitfall traps; FMNH-INS 4085, 2 specimens, Madagascar, Province Toliara, Enakara (13 km NW), R��s. Andohahela, 24.5500S, 46.8000 E, 1250 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 30.xi. 1992, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4099, 20 specimens, Madagascar, Province Antsiranana, Befingotra (11.0 km WSW), R��s. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14.7500 S, 49.4500 E, 1565 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 16.xi. 1994, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 4108, 1 M, 1 F, Madagascar, Province Toliara, Sakaraha (59 km NE), Vohibasia Forest, 22.4667 S, 44.8500 E, 780 m, tropical semi-dry forest, coll. B. L. Fisher, Sylvain, 13.i. 1996, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 7987, 3 M, Madagascar, Province Toliara, R��serve Naturalle Int��grale d'Andohahela, parcel 1, 15.0 km NW Eminiminy, 24.5700 S, 46.7317 E, 1500 m, montane rainforest, coll. S. M. Goodman, 17.��� 27.xi. 1995; FMNH-INS 8078, 1 F, Madagascar, Province Toliara, R��serve Naturalle Int��grale d'Andohahela, parcel 1, 13.5 km NW Eminiminy, 24.5833 S, 46.7350 E, 1200 m, montane rainforest, coll. S. M. Goodman, 17.��� 27.xi. 1995; FMNH-INS 8088, 1 M, Madagascar, Province Toliara, R��serve Naturalle Int��grale d'Andohahela, parcel 1, 15.0 km NW Eminiminy, 24.5700 S, 46.7317 E. 1500 m, montane rainforest, coll. S. M. Goodman, 17.��� 27.xi. 1995; FMNH-INS 8090, 1 M, 1 F, Madagascar, Province Toliara, R��serve Naturalle Int��grale d'Andohahela, parcel 1, 20.0 km SE Andranondambo, 24.5617 S, 46.7217 E, 1875 m, montane rainforest, coll. S. M. Goodman, 27.xi���05.xii. 1995; FMNH-INS 8116, 26 specimens, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, 43 km S Ambalavao, R��s. Andringitra, 22.2333 S, 47.0000 E, 825 m, rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 05.x. 1993, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 8121,> 60 specimens, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, 40 km S Ambalavao, R��s. Andringitra, 22.2167 S, 46.9667 E, 1275 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 15.x. 1993, Winkler extraction; FMNH-INS 8130, 1 M, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, 40 km S Ambalavao, R��s. Andringitra, 22.2167 S, 46.9667 E, 1275 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 14.x. 1993, pitfall traps; FMNH-INS 8139, 2 M, Madagascar, Province Fianarantsoa, 36 km S Ambalavao, R��s. Andringitra, 22.2000 S, 46.9667 E, 1850 m, montane rainforest, coll. B. L. Fisher, 29.x. 1993, Winkler extraction; CAS VCR 002 (06210), 4 specimens; CAS BLF 10502, 4 specimens, Madagascar, Province Toamasina, Analamy, 18 �� 48 ' 22 " S, 048�� 20 ' 13 " E, 1068 m, montane rainforest, colls. Malagasy ant team, 21.iii. 2004, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); CAS 10627 MW, 4 specimens, Madagascar, Toamasina, Torotorofotsy, 18 �� 52 ' 15 " S, 048�� 20 ' 51 " E, 1070 m, montane rainforest, marsh edge, coll. Malagasy ant team 24.iii. 2004, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood)., Published as part of Wesener, Thomas, 2014, Redescription of ' Polyzonium ' malagassum, a new synonym of Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894), with notes about the occurrence of the order Polyzoniida on Madagascar (Diplopoda), pp. 587-594 in Zootaxa 3790 (4) on pages 588-590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/225599, {"references":["Saussure, H. de & Zehntner, L. (1902) Myriapodes de Madagascar, In: Grandidier (Ed.), Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar, 27 (53), pp. i-viii + 1 - 356, pls. 13 - 15.","Enghoff, H. (2003) Diplopoda, Millipedes. In: Goodman, S. G. & Benstead, J. P. (Eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. The University of Chicago Press, pp. 617 - 627.","Shelley, R. M. (1998) Interception of the milliped Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock) at quarantine, and potential introduction of the order and family into the Hawaiian Islands (Polyzoniida: Siphonotidae). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 56, 54 - 55.","Hoffman, R. L. (1980) Classification of the Diplopoda. Geneva, 237 pp.","Attems, C. (1910) Myriopoden von Madagaskar, den Comoren und den Inseln Ostafrikas. Voeltzkow, A., Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903 - 1905. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Systematische Arbeiten, 3, 73 - 115.","Golovatch, S. I. & Korsos, Z. (1992) Diplopoda collected by the Soviet Zoological Expedition to the Seychelles Islands in 1984. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 38 (1 - 2), 1 - 31.","Mauries, J. - P. (1980) Diplopodes Chilognathes de la Guadeloupe et ses dependances. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 4 e Serie, Section A, 2, 1059 - 1111."]}

Wesener, Thomas (2014): Redescription of ' Polyzonium ' malagassum, a new synonym of Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894), with notes about the occurrence of the order Polyzoniida on Madagascar (Diplopoda). Zootaxa 3790 (4): 587-594, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3790.4.7

Two hundred and seventy-nine Polyzonium germanicum individuals of various stadia were collected seasonally in winter, late spring-early summer (the breeding period) and early autumn. Fresh weight, dry weight and defatted dry weight were determined for each specimen. Seasonal changes in water content and fat content, expressed as percentages of defatted dry weight, were analysed in relation to body size and sex. Changes in water content were more pronounced in the smallest individuals (juveniles), whereas changes in fat content were more pronounced in the largest (adults). Seasonal fluctuations in water and fat content were similar in both sexes despite the sexual dimorphism of body weight. The results suggest the following relationships within the species life-cycle: (i) water content increases during the warm months (up to 295% for juveniles in early autumn), which coincides with the moulting period, (ii) Fat content increases subsequently to moulting; overall maxima are reached in early autumn (population mean = 62–5%), as well as in early summer for the young, (iii) Both water and fat content decrease (to about 150% and 50%, respectively) in winter; however, there is no evidence of starvation–at least in ovigerous females which increase in dry weight during that season, (iv) Fat content strongly decreases (below 30% in the largest specimens) in adults of both sexes during the breeding period.

The class Diplopoda appears to be represented in Mongolia by eight species from 4 genera, 2 families (Polyzoniidae andDiplomaragnidae) and 2 orders (Polyzoniida and Chordeumatida). One species is described here as new to science: Shear-ia longa sp. nov. Genus Shearia Mikhaljova, 2000 is new to the fauna of Mongolia. All currently known Diplopoda taxa from Mongolia are keyed, including the new species. The distributions of all Mongolian diplopod species are mapped.

Angarozonium amurense (Gerstfeldt, 1859) Angarozonium amurense ��� Mikhaljova and Marusik 2004: 3. Angarozonium amurense ��� Mikhaljova 2004: 45���48, 46: figs 22���27, 47: map 3. Remarks. This species, originally described by Gerstfeldt (1859) from near the mouth of the Songari River, China as Platydesmus amurensis, then transferred first to Polyzonium (Mikhaljova 1979) and finally to Angarozonium, with the trans-Siberian Polyzonium cyathiferum Mikhaljova, 1981 as a junior subjective synonym (Shelley 1998). Slightly later the formal synonymy was confirmed by the re-examination of samples of what might be considered as near-topotypes (Mikhaljova 1998). This species appears to be widespread throughout the Asian part of Russia, including the northernmost known record of Diplopoda in Northern Hemisphere: Republic of Sakha, Yana River middle flow, ca 67 ˚ 40 ���N (Mikhaljova and Marusik 2004). At present the species is known from Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Province, Irkutsk Area, Chita Area, Buryatia, Republic of Sakha (=Yakutia)), Russian Far East (southern part of Khabarovsk Province, Jewish Autonomous Region, Kamchatka Peninsula, northern and central parts of Sakhalin Island), Northeast China (near the mouth of Songari River) and Mongolia (environs of UlaanBaatar)., Published as part of Mikhaljova, Elena V., 2012, The class Diplopoda in Mongolia, with description of a new species, pp. 41-50 in Zootaxa 3418 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211142, {"references":["Gerstfeldt, G. (1859) Ueber einige zum Theil neue Arten Platoden, Anneliden, Myriapoden und Crustaceen Sibiriens, namentlich seines ostlichen Theiles und des Amur-Gebietes. Memoires des Savants etrangers de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint Petersbourg, 8, 1 - 36.","Mikhaljova, E. V. & Marusik, Y. M. (2004) New data on taxonomy and fauna of the millipedes (Diplopoda) from the Russian Far East, Siberia and Mongolia. Far Eastern Entomologist, 133, 1 - 12.","Shelley, R. M. (1998) The milliped family Polyzoniidae in North America, with a classification of the global fauna (Diplopoda Polyzoniida). Arthropoda Selecta, 6 (3 / 4), 3 - 34 (for 1997).","Mikhaljova, E. V. (1998) New and little-known millipedes (Diplopoda) from the Russian Far East. Far Eastern Entomologist, 60, 1 - 8."]}

Petaserpes cryptocephalus (McNeill 1887) Tennessee: Sevier Co.: Elkmont Campground (Shelley 1997)., Published as part of Snyder, Bruce A., 2008, A preliminary checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 16-32 in Zootaxa 1856 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183566, {"references":["Shelley, R. M. (1997) The milliped family Polyzoniidae in North America, with a classification of the global fauna (Diplopoda Polyzoniida). Arthropoda Selecta, 6, 3 - 34."]}

Petaserpes sp. North Carolina: Swain Co.: Mt. Collins (Shelley 1997). Tennessee: Blount Co.: Cades Cove (Shelley 1997); Chilhowee, 22 Apr 2006, 17 Jun 2006, 19 Aug 2006, 14 Oct 2006, 14 Apr 2007, 10 Aug 2007, 20 Oct 2007. Sevier Co.: 10 mi. S Gatlinburg, "The Loop" (as Polyzonium bivirgatum, Loomis 1943); along Alum Cave Trail, off TN Hwy. 71 [also US 441], N side of Newfound Gap (as Polyzonium bivirgatum, Hoffman 1950 a); Sugarlands (Shelley 1997); ATBI, Twin Creeks, 5–17 Dec 2001; Twin Creeks area, 18 Feb 1986, C.R. Parker.

Petaserpes rosalbus (Cope 1879) North Carolina: Swain Co.: Clingmans Dome (Shelley 1997). Tennessee: Blount Co.: Chilhowee, 22 Apr 2006, 14 Oct 2006, 18 Jun 2007, 20 Oct 2007. Sevier Co.: Greenbrier Campground, Cherokee Orchard, Chimneys Campground (Shelley 1997)., Published as part of Snyder, Bruce A., 2008, A preliminary checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 16-32 in Zootaxa 1856 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183566, {"references":["Shelley, R. M. (1997) The milliped family Polyzoniidae in North America, with a classification of the global fauna (Diplopoda Polyzoniida). Arthropoda Selecta, 6, 3 - 34."]}

Polyzoniidae Newport, 1844 This family contains six genera distributed in North America and Eurasia. The Korean Peninsula supports one genus, Angarozonium. Members of this family are distinguished by the follows characters. Body size ranging from small to large, that of Angarozonium species not exceeding 11 mm in length; coloration commonly pale white or yellowish with a pattern of light brown to brown spots and stripes on dorsum, pleura, telson and legs as in species of Angarozonium; tergites very short but very broad, also strongly attached to each other, caudal metatergal margins not elevated; smooth and bare metatergites devoid of bulges, paraterga or wings and middorsal suture; collum overlapping part of head in some polyzoniids; telson narrow; penes either short, reaching only leg pair 3, or long, reaching leg pair 5���7, located caudoventrad or well dorsad; anterior gonopod sternum modified, apically with paramedial setose projections or a fovea and setae, as in some species of Angarozonium; anterior gonopod coxae usually carrying processes; telopodite of anterior gonopods placed parallel to main axis or lying subperpendicularly to proximal segments., Published as part of Mikhaljova, Elena V. & Lim, Kil-Young, 2006, New records of the milliped order Polyzoniida from Korean Peninsula, with a redescription of Kiusiozonium okai (Takakuwa & Miyosi, 1949) (Diplopoda), pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1256 on page 64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173079

Mikhaljova, Elena V., Lim, Kil-Young (2006): New records of the milliped order Polyzoniida from Korean Peninsula, with a redescription of Kiusiozonium okai (Takakuwa & Miyosi, 1949) (Diplopoda). Zootaxa 1256: 59-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173079

Angarozonium munsunum Mikhaljova, Golovatch, Wytwer, 2000 Figs 15���16. Angarozonium munsunum Mikhaljova, Golovatch, Wytwer, 2000: 110 ���112, 111: figs 1���4. Polyzonium bonum��� Golovatch, 1980: 58; 1981: 167���168; Mikhaljova & Kim, 1993: 37. Angarozonium bonum��� Lim, 2001: 55 ���58, 220: figs 40���41, 243: map 5. Angarozonium munsunum��� Lim, 2001: 58 ���59, 220: figs 42���44, 244: map 6; Mikhaljova, 2002: 147. Material examined: 1 male paratype (IBSS) from town Maram (20 km NE Phj��ngjang), District Jongs��ng, Prov. Phj��ngjang��si, North Korea, collected 29 May 1965 by M.Mroczkowski et A.Riedel; 1 male, 1 female (ChNU) from Inje, Dogaetang, Gangwondo, South Korea, collected 5 September 1998 by K.��Y. Lim; 1 male, (ChNU) from litter, Quercus forest, Mt. Jiri, South Korea, collected 23 April 2000 by K.��Y. Lim. Remarks. Originally described from North Korea (Mikhaljova et al., 2000), and previously known only from there, hence Angarozonium munsunum is new for the fauna of the South Korea. This species is the only representative of the genus currently known to occur in Korea. The records of A. bonum (Mikhaljova, 1979) in North Korea (Golovatch, 1980, 1981; Mikhaljova & Kim, 1993; Lim, 2001) appear to be misidentifications; these mistakes were revealed by a restudy (Mikhaljova, 2002) of the formerly misidentified male from North Korea. The identity of the localities proves that Lim et al. (1992) misidentified A. munsunum specimens from Mt. Chiri, South Korea as belonging to A. bonum. A. munsunum differs from congeners by the inner coxal process of the anterior gonopods being closely adjacent to and finally fusing with the telopodite as well as by a coaxially placed telopodite of the anterior gonopods and by the apex of distal podomere of anterior gonopod telopodite devoid of setae or any processes. The above material appears to show some variation in gonopod structure. Thus, the anterior gonopod telopodites are placed parallel to main axis in the paratype, being placed under a small angle to the main axis in South Korean males. The size of the anterior gonopod sternite varies as well. Distribution. North and South Korea., Published as part of Mikhaljova, Elena V. & Lim, Kil-Young, 2006, New records of the milliped order Polyzoniida from Korean Peninsula, with a redescription of Kiusiozonium okai (Takakuwa & Miyosi, 1949) (Diplopoda), pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 1256 on pages 64-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173079, {"references":["Mikhaljova, E. V., Golovatch, S. I. & Wytwer, J. (2000) On some new or poorly-known millipedes (Diplopoda) from North Korea. Fragmenta Faunistica, 43 (10), 109 - 122.","Golovatch, S. I. (1980) A contribution to the millipede fauna of Korea (Diplopoda). Folia entomologica Hungarica, 41 (1), 49 - 58.","Mikhaljova, E. V. & Kim, J. P. (1993) Contribution to the millipede fauna of Korea (Diplopoda). Korean Arachnology, 9 (1 - 2), 31 - 42.","Lim, K. - Y. (2001) Taxonomy of millipedes (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) in Korea. Thesis of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea, 256 pp.","Mikhaljova, E. V. (2002) A contribution to the millipede faunas of Korea and the Russian Far East (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 10 (2), 147 - 150.","Mikhaljova, E. V. (1979) A new species of the millipede genus Polyzonium (Diplopoda, Polyzoniidae) from the Far East. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 58 (10), 1591 - 1593 (in Russian, English summary).","Golovatch, S. I. (1981) Some East-Asiatic millipeds (Diplopoda) in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Annales Zoologici, 36 (8), 161 - 168.","Lim, K. - Y., Kim, T. - H. & Kwak, J. - S. (1992) Distribution of millipedes in relation to altitude and flora on Mt. Chiri. Korean Journal of Ecology, 15 (4), 329 - 335."]}

Genus Stenozonium Shelley, 1998 Stenozonium Shelley, 1998:12. Hoffman, 1999:32. Shelley, 2002:92. Type species. Stenozonium exile Shelley, 1998, by original designation. Diagnosis. As presented by Shelley (1998). Components. Three allopatric species are known; others may exist in moist coastal environments north of San Francisco Bay. Distribution. Occupying widely segregated areas in the Coast Range of northern California, central Oregon, and the Olympic Peninsula of Washington; the Oregon species also ranges eastward onto the western slope of the Cascades (Fig. 2). Remarks. While additional species of Stenozonium may yet be encountered and the ranges of the known ones will surely expand with additional samples, the lacunae between the three components will surely never be completely filled because of their sizes (180 & 235 mi (288 & 376 km)). We therefore suspect that Stenozonium truly consists of allopatric species, in contrast to the continuous distributions of species and populations in the other Pacific polyzoniid genera, excepting the Monterey County, California, population of Bdellozonium cerviculatum, and in contrast to the continuous pattern in the Pacific species of Octoglena (Shelley 1995, 1998). Allopatry patterns are indicators of age, evidence that a taxon has existed long enough for extinctions to generate anatomical and geographical discontinuities and isolate populations and species from each other. That Stenozonium alone among west­Nearctic polyzoniidan genera exhibits allopatry suggests greater age and that it antedates the other genera. We cannot hypothesize time periods, but the geographic evidence suggests that Stenozonium is a product of an early dichotomy in the Polyzoniidae and that both Bdellozonium and Buzonium / Buzoniini are comparatively "young" taxa., Published as part of Shelley, Rowland M. & Shear, William A., 2005, A new milliped of the genus Stenozonium Shelley 1998 from Washington State, U. S. A.: first record of the genus and family from North of the Columbia River (Polyzoniida: Polyzoniidae), pp. 25-32 in Zootaxa 1017 (1017) on pages 27-28, {"references":["Shelley, R. M. (1998 [1997]) The milliped family Polyzoniidae in North America, with a classification of the global fauna (Diplopoda: Polyzoniida). Arthropoda Selecta, 6 (3 - 4), 3 - 34.","Hoffman, R. L. (1999). Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication no. 8, 1 - 584.","Shelley, R. M. (2002) Annotated checklist of the millipeds of California (Arthropoda: Diplopoda). Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, 1, 90 - 115.","Shelley, R. M. (1995) The milliped family Hirudisomatidae in the New World (Polyzoniida). Brimleyana, 23, 103 - 143."]}

Stenozonium leonardi, new species Figs. 2–4. Type specimens. ♂ holotype and juvenile paratype (North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences [NCSM]) collected by W. P. Leonard and C. Richart, 5 March 2005, along Queets River Rd. ca. 6 mi (9.6 km) NE jct. US hwy. 101, in Olympic National Park, Jefferson County, Washington (N 47º 34.330', W 124º 08.206'). One ♂ and one ♀ paratypes (Field Museum of Natural History) and another ♀ paratype (NCSM) taken by same collectors on 13 February 2005 on Queets River Rd. ca. 5.8 mi (9.3 km) NE jct. US hwy. 101 (N 47° 39.34', W 124° 8.16'). These sites are in the southwestern corner of Jefferson County approximately 9.2 mi (14.7 km) ENE of the town of Queets. Etymology. We are pleased to name this species for our colleague Bill Leonard, who has, by his assiduous collecting, more than doubled the number of milliped species known from the state of Washington. Diagnosis. Ocelli 3 or 4 pairs; sternum of anterior gonopods elevated in midline, with two short lobes; anterior gonopod coxa without sclerotized flap, with flattened, medial extension; ultimate podomere complex, hirsute basally and narrowly rounded apically, with spiniform projections and a trapezoidal prolongation on anterior surface, and a quadrate flange on caudal margin. Color in life (Fig. 3). Dorsum generally light yellowish with mottled brownish patterns, tergites becoming progressively fainter and more indistinct caudad; collum and succeeding 3–4 tergites with strongest mottling but depigmented, without yellowish base color; venter pale. Description. Body form normal for genus, long, narrow, and tapering at both ends, more strongly so on anterior end; dimensions of available specimens as follows: Holotype (36 segments including epiproct), 7.4 mm long (L), 1.4 mm wide (W), W/L ratio 18.9%; ♂ paratype (33 segs.), 6.0 mm L, 1.0 mm W, W/L ratio 16.7%; ♀ paratype (38 segs.), 9.5 mm L, 1.6 mm (W), W/L 16.8%; ♀ paratype (48 segs.), 15.8 mm L, 1.9 mm W, W/L 12.0%; juvenile paratype (29 segs,), 3.8 mm L, 0.9 mm W, W/L 23.7%. Head subpyriform, smoothly continuing anterior tapering, labrum narrowly rounded. Ocelli darkly pigmented, either 3 pairs arranged linearly in slanted rows or 4 pairs with second ocellus (counting caudad from interantennal region) displaced slightly laterad. Antennae extending backwards to anterior margin of 5 th tergite, composed of seven articles, 2–5 clavate, relative lengths of antennomeres 6>5>3>4>2>1>7. Midbody tergites normal for genus, with faint ozopores at caudolateral corners; epiproct rounded, protruding slightly caudad. Opposing legs separated by relatively broad sterna, legs extending laterad and terminating short of lateral segmental margins, invisible in dorsal perspective. Sternum of anterior gonopods (Figs. 4–5) elevated in midline and expanding into two short, subquadrate lobes. Anterior gonopod coxa with flattened medial extension, podomeres 2–4 with narrow, elongate, medial lobes; ultimate podomere elongate and complex, directed anteriad, hirsute basally and glabrous thereafter, hirsute basal part terminating in rounded shoulder proximal to quadrate flange on caudal surface, with three slender, spiniform projections on anterior margin opposite flange, middle one longest, podomere curving slightly laterad distally with narrowly rounded tip overhanging shallowly bifurcate, trapezoidal prolongation on anterior margin distal to spines. Posterior gonopod sternum (Fig. 6) broad, expanding slightly laterad, ultimate gonopodal podomere strongly falcate with suggestion of subapical barbs (difficult to discern clearly even at 400x). Ecology. The specimens were encountered in winter in leaf litter and under woody debris and rocks in second­growth rainforest approximately 40m south of the Queets River. The canopy was nearly closed and dominated by western hemlock (Tsuga heterophyla), western red­cedar (Thuja plicata), red alder (Alnus rubra), and sword fern (Polystichum munitum). Mr. Leonard's diplopod discoveries have generally come in winter or early spring (Shelley, 2003 b; Shear & Leonard 2003, 2004), a time that past collectors avoided because of the inevitable cold, damp weather. Consequently, he has unearthed an entirely unknown fauna in this part of the continent. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, which is approximately 180 mi (288 km) north of S. benedictae Shelley in Lincoln County, Oregon, and 90 mi (144 km) north of the Columbia River. Remarks. Stenozonium leonardi exhibits the light yellowish coloration and long narrow body form of the congeneric species in Oregon and California, so these features truly diagnose the genus. However, the absence of the base color on the anteriormost segments in S. leonardi, photographed alive in fig. 2, is striking, and these segments also exhibit the heaviest mottling. Whether this depigmentation exists in S. exile and benedictae is unknown, as all the available material had been preserved in alcohol for at least 21 years when Shelley (1998) described them. The W/L ratio drops noticeably with age, as the millipeds add segments and grow longer but do not become proportionally broader. Stenozonium leonardi appears to be closely related to S. benedictae, the more proximate species, with which it shares a flattened, medially extended anterior gonopod coxa; the sclerotized coxal flap readily distinguishes S. exile from both of these species. The new species differs from S. benedictae in the shape of the sternal plates, which can be ascertained by comparing the figures in Shelley (1998) with ours. In proposing the genus and the two original species, Shelley (1998) did not closely examine the ultimate anterior gonopod podomeres for fine structure as we show in our figures of S. leonardi. His drawings (Shelley 1998, figs. 22–25), done at high magnification under a compound microscope, do not reveal complexities necessitating closer examination, but now that such has been found in S. leonardi, the other species need to be re­examined in this regard.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the most visited National Park in the United States, is home to a wide diversity of millipede species. A preliminary list of these species is provided, based on literature records and new collections from the All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory and the author’s research. This report establishes that the Park’s presently known fauna consists of 62 species (one of which contains two subspecies) in 21 families and all 10 orders known from eastern North America, and includes at least five new state records and 18 new Park records. In the near future several undescribed species will likely be added to the list, as well as described species that are currently known to occur near the Park, but have never been reported from within the Park’s boundary.Key words: Appalachian Mountains, ATBI, North Carolina, Tennessee, biodiversity, inventory, GSMNP

The new species, Stenozonium leonardi, the northernmost representative of the Polyzoniidae in western North America and the only one north of the Columbia River, is described from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington; it is isolated by some 180 mi (288 km) from S. benedictae Shelley, 1998, in coastal Oregon. Stenozonium alone among the four polyzoniidan genera in western North America consists of entirely allopatric and widely separated species, with one apiece in California, Oregon, and Washington-evidence that it diversified earlier than its ordinal counterparts.