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Funding Information: This work was supported by EIT-CLIMATE-KIC [grant number TC_2.1.5_190294_P018-1A, 2019]. The sponsor was not involved in the preparation of the article. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors The development of legitimate, operative, and feasible landscape adaptation planning for climate change is dependent on the specific characteristics of the landscape and its inhabitants. Spatial patterns, culture, governance systems, socio-economic structures, planning methods, history, and collectively envisioned futures need to be accommodated. The literature suggests that landscape is a complex and dynamic socio-ecological system, the management and adaptation of which requires systemic and integrative approaches to respond to a wide variety of drivers of change, challenges, and interests. Based on activities developed in 15 European pilot landscapes, we identify some of the key factors and conditions affecting the generation of representative local networks for landscape adaptation to climate change. We illustrate how social learning and co-creation processes can be implemented in them and how their co-produced outcomes can help local communities overcome barriers and address critical issues in adaptive planning. Our results provide a framework for the creation of similar networks in other landscapes, exploring at the same time the interactions between the composition of networks, social learning, and the quality of the co-produced outputs as a fundamental step for the development of Landscape Adaptation Plans to Climate Change.

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors In the present work, faba bean protein (FBP) films plasticized with glycerol and reinforced with different amounts (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% by weight of FBP) of lignin extracted from pine cones (PL) have been obtained by solution casting. The results obtained showed an elongation at break of 111.7% with the addition of 5% PL to the FBP film, which represents an increase of 107% compared to the FBP control film. On the other hand, it was observed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) that the incorporation of lignin improved the thermal stability of the FBP film, leading to an increase in the protein degradation temperature, being this increase higher in the sample film reinforced with 10% PL. The barrier properties of the FBP films were also affected by the presence of lignin, leading to a decrease in water vapor permeability (WVP) in comparison to the unreinforced film. The results show that the sample reinforced with 2.5% PL had the lowest WVP value, with a reduction of 25% compared to the control film. Chemical analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the formation of intramolecular interactions between lignin and proteins which, together with the inherent hydrophobicity of lignin, resulted in a decrease of the moisture content in the films reinforced with PL. This research work has allowed the development of biobased and biodegradable films with attractive properties that could be of potential use in sectors such as packaging.

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IEEE. It is highly desirable to break the diffraction limit on the resolution of optical devices and achieve subwavelength focusing. Despite numerous solutions that have been developed throughout the years, a practical method to obtain subwavelength focusing without the generation of undesired sidelobes is a challenge to this day. We have developed a feasible strategy to achieve this goal based on the concept of perfect lens. We envisage important practical applications of subwavelength focusing that become possible using this method.

Funding Information: This work is supported in part by the Academy of Finland 6Genesis Flagship program (Grant No. 318927), the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Innovation, Digitalisation and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MWIDE NRW) along with the Competence Center 5G.NRW under Grant No. 005-01903-0047, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center SFB 876 “Providing Information by Resource-Constrained Analysis”, project A4, European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant 732174 (ORCA Project), European Commission through the Next Generation Internet Project “iNGENIOUS: Next-Generation IoT solutions for the universal supply chain” (H2020-ICT-2020-1 call) under Grant 957216, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under 3501-Career Development Program (CAREER) Grant #118E920, Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion (IITP) Grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2020-0-01316, International cooperation and collaborative research on 5G+ technologies for ultra-reliability low latency communications) and the Indonesian Ministry of Finance under the LPDP RISPRO for the Grant under the project of “Prevention and Recovery Networks for Indonesia Natural Disasters Based on the Internet-of-Things (PATRIOT-Net)”. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues in the project, although the views expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the project. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). The recently introduced 5G New Radio is the first wireless standard natively designed to support critical and massive machine type communications (MTC). However, it is already becoming evident that some of the more demanding requirements for MTC cannot be fully supported by 5G networks. Alongside, emerging use cases and applications towards 2030 will give rise to new and more stringent requirements on wireless connectivity in general and MTC in particular. Next generation wireless networks, namely 6G, should therefore be an agile and efficient convergent network designed to meet the diverse and challenging requirements anticipated by 2030. This paper explores the main drivers and requirements of MTC towards 6G, and discusses a wide variety of enabling technologies. More specifically, we first explore the emerging key performance indicators for MTC in 6G. Thereafter, we present a vision for an MTC-optimized holistic end-to-end network architecture. Finally, key enablers towards (1) ultra-low power MTC, (2) massively scalable global connectivity, (3) critical and dependable MTC, and (4) security and privacy preserving schemes for MTC are detailed. Our main objective is to present a set of research directions considering different aspects for an MTC-optimized 6G network in the 2030-era.

Structural defects in the rotor cage of large electrical machines significantly impact their expected operational lifetime. This work presents the results of simulating the thermal stresses developed in a rotor cage during a fatigue test in which a bar breakage was achieved. A combined model featuring electrical, thermal and mechanical stages as well as three different meshes reflecting a progressing narrowing of one of the bars in its junction to the end ring are used for this purpose. The experimentally implemented startup and plug stopping transients are reproduced as well as, for comparison, the stall operation. The resulting stress levels are in agreement with the progression of the damage and concur with the stator measurements. Based on the analysis of the simulated rotor magnitudes, a strategy to diminish the thermal stresses in a damaged cage is proposed.

[EN] Architectural education plays a fundamental role in achieving sustainable development by training future professionals who can contribute to sustainability through their practice. Nevertheless, to ensure the introduction of sustainable development in the education of future architects, it is fundamental to understand what is being done and what could be improved. Despite this, a big gap has been detected in the assessment of architectural education in Spain and worldwide. Thus, a close-ended questionnaire for students has been designed based on the outcomes from a literature review, exploratory interviews with specialists, and the qualitative analysis of two schools of architecture. Additionally, it has been revised by experts, through the pilot study of a preliminary version, and with the supplementary analysis of the answers to a final test with students from different schools from Spain. In particular, this questionnaire allows for comprehensively measuring the students¿ perception of their sustainability learning outcomes, their learning experience, and the connection between, with the aim of facilitating the adjustment of Spanish architectural education towards the introduction or enhancement of sustainable development by education managers, teachers, policymakers, and professional associations., This research was funded by theMinistry of Universities of Spain, grant number FPU15/05228

International audience; The study investigates the management of risk in E-Commerce and what different barriers are faced by consumers during an uncertain and risky situation. The study utilizes both primary and secondary data in order to get reliable results. There are different risk factors that affect the purchasing behaviour of consumers who shop online. The consumer's perception of risk may be the result of all the emotional processes through which consumers recognize, organize and provide meaning to sensations received, such as the need for product quality, safety online and overall satisfaction. The primary data consists of a survey of online shoppers. The research data and questionnaire was administered to 972 internet users who are classed as experienced and avid users. The secondary data includes an analysis of the various theories of consumer behaviour, models of online adoption, risk factors to marketing and shopping online, models of the adoption of innovation and new ways of marketing and trade. Both techniques are utilized that would examine the relationship between perceived risk strategies and customer satisfaction as well as examined the customer involvement and propensity to take risk on existing relation of online shopping.

[EN] Spatial audio reproduction systems using loudspeakers produce coloration effects at high frequencies due to spatial interference between loudspeakers, in both those based on panning and those based on field synthesis. As a response to this problem and in order to reduce coloration, this paper studies the feasibility of an alternative approach where high-frequencies are reproduced from a single loudspeaker, with a different direction from that of its panned low-frequency counterpart. Listening tests are conducted to investigate the localization and quality of the source in the case that frequencies higher than 1.5 kHz are reproduced from a different direction than the low frequencies. In this context, the human ability to discriminate the spatial direction of low/high frequency bands and the error in the perceived direction of arrival for different separation angles is evaluated and quantified. The resulting data has been analyzed with ANOVA, providing significant results that allow us to establish a threshold in the angular separation of the high and low frequency parts where subjects do not perceive source location artifacts. The term just noticeable band splitting angle (JNBSA) is defined and introduced. It represents the minimum angle of separation between high and low frequencies from which the listener starts to perceive artifacts in the reproduction of a sound source using loudspeakers., The Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness supported this work within the framework of the TEC2015-68076-R and RTI2018-097045-B-C22 projects, as well as the Aalto Science Institute with a visiting professor grant. The authors also thank Sakari Tervo for the support in the experimental procedure, and Philip W. Robinson for the suggestion of bibliographic references.

[EN] This research aims to analyse the development of a multiculturalist discourse in European post-war architecture (1950s-1960s). It focuses on the work of the Dutch architect Aldo van Eyck (1918-1999), who built his theoretical framework by merging modern architecture, pre-war avant-garde and the artistic production of non-Western cultures. The Otterlo Circles, presented by Van Eyck during the last CIAM (1959), were an attempt to synthesize a complex design methodology based on a concept of time inherited from James Joyce. After introducing the post-war architectural context of his time, we take the writings of Carola Giedion-Welcker, Van Eyck¿s mentor in Zurich, as a starting point for a conceptual analysis of his essays. The three official versions of the Otterlo Circles are then presented, suggesting an unofficial fourth version: Van Eyck¿s house in Loenen aan de Vecht, which will be interpreted as a Collection of experiences-objects-memories. The house and its objects will be used as an initial step to unpack how global travel and art collecting sustained a non-universalist view which gave rise to a profound reconceptualization of architecture. By using the Otterlo Circles, Van Eyck¿s work appears as the result of a reconciliation of many different cultures, discovered through travels and reading. The keys to understanding his designs are to be found in his house, in the multicultural Collection of objects and strategies he used to build his personal discourse. Following this research, Van Eyck¿s own house stands out as a necessary place to start any analysis of his work. This research, for the first time, attempts a conceptual explanation of the Otterlo Circles, exploring its theoretical implications for architectural design. Moreover, it develops a novel analysis of his home in Loenen, not only as an architectural project, but as a device intersecting with objects, inhabitants and spatial concepts, a holistic approach to the analysis of domesticity., This research has been funded with a Predoctoral Fellowship by the Department of Education, Research and Culture of the Valencian Community. The collaboration of the Aldo and Hannie van Eyck Foundation, especially through Tess van Eyck (head), has also been essential to access the documents and the architect's own home.

[EN] Predictive maintenance of electric motors is a topic of increasing importance in many industrial applications. The mining industry is not an exception; many electric motors operating in mining facilities are critical machines and their unexpected failures may imply significant losses and can be hazardous for the users. Due to these facts, an increasing research effort has been dedicated to investigate on new techniques that are able to provide a reliable diagnostic of the motor condition. Over recent years, monitoring of electrical quantities (e.g. motor currents) has emerged as a very attractive option for determining the health of several motor parts (rotor, eccentricities, bearings) due to its very interesting advantages: possibility of remote motor monitoring, non-invasive nature, simple application, broad fault coverage¿The traditional methods based on analysis of motor currents during steady-state operation (MCSA) are being complemented, when not replaced, by more reliable approaches. This work applies an innovative transient based methodology (ATCSA) to several case studies referred to large motors operating in mining facilities. The results prove how this modern methodology enables to overcome some important drawbacks of the classical MCSA, such as its unsuitability under varying speed conditions, and may provide an earlier indication of rotor electrical asymmetries under such working conditions., This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and in part by the FEDER Program in the framework of the Proyectos I+D del Subprograma de Generacion de Conocimiento, Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia under Grant DPI2014-52842-P. (Corresponding author: Jose A. Antonino-Daviu.)

The expansion of the transient operation of electrical machines as, for instance, in vehicle traction applications, demands an accurate computation of the thermal behavior under these conditions in order to enhance the economy of the design and provide a precise estimation of the overload capacity. In addition, heavy transients have been identified as specially damaging for the rotor cage of large induction motors. The aim of this paper is the development of a model able to simulate in detail the thermal and mechanical effects of a heavy transient on an induction's motor rotor featuring a damaged (with a reduced section on one of its ends) rotor bar. Some preliminary results that provide a qualitative understanding of the development of a bar breakage during a fatigue test are presented.

Industrial internet is the main customer for 5G networks. However, mobile networks cannot deliver currently the required reliability and transport infrastructure. In the past mobile networks were designed for personal communications optimized for downlink data transfer. A new transport that provides seamless connectivity between mobile and fixed devices is required. Moreover, reliable timing information has to be delivered to both cellular and fixed devices with predictable delay to enable synchronous communications. This paper studies limitations of utilizing the current transport in mobile networks for smart grid and industrial communications. A new transport layer is proposed and the solution to deliver accurate timing information. Finally, the paper studies capabilities of deploying the proposed transport in both 4G but also in emerging 5G cellular networks.

¿Son casa y arquitectura lo mismo? Adolf Loos enuncia dos arquitecturas posibles: una con propósito práctico, material, que llama remos casa; otra con propósito artístico, desinteresado, que llamamos A rquitectura. El hogar se haría contra el arquitecto, porque la casa si que sirve para algo ( habitar ), y solo será posible cuando alguien decida todo por sí mismo. Este ensayo se pregunta si la casa no es el resultado del desgaste ejecutado por una familia : a cumulación de arañazos, objetos y recuerdos. Pero hay que aprender a habitar. Por eso Bernard Rudofsky distingue entre aparato e instrumento. Aparato, que funciona automáticamente, frente a instrumento, que requiere un individuo no automatizado para producir un sonido propio, no mediatizado. Sus dos hogares , en Procida y Málaga, pueden ayudarnos a dilucidar qué sería exactamente el “arte de habitar”. Para Rudofsky, la casa más maravillosa del mundo no s irve de nada si no sabemos cómo vivirla . Are house and architecture the same? Adolf Loos states two possible architectures: one with a practical, material purpose, which we name House; another with an artistic, selfless purpose, which we call Architecture. The home would be made against the architect, because the house does have a purpose (to inhabit), and will only be possible when someone decides everything for himself. This paper explores the possibility that the house is not more than the result of wear and tear by a family: accumulation of objects and memories. But we need to learn to inhabit. That is why Bernard Rudofsky distinguishes between apparatus and instrument. Apparatus, which works automatically, against instrument, which requires a non-automated individual to produce its own sound. His two houses in Procida and Malaga can help to clarify what is exactly the "art of living". For Rudofsky, the most wonderful house in the world would not mean anything if we don’t know how to inhabit.

© 1972-2012 IEEE. The analysis of the vibration response of electrical machines has importance in noise prediction and more recently, diagnosis of electrical faults, especially in the industrial environment, where it is a well-known technique. This work assesses the performance of a strongly coupled two-dimensional (2-D) magnetomechanical approach, as directly available in multiphysics software, for the simulation of an induction machine under heavy operational conditions: a direct-on-line startup. Both healthy and broken bar states are simulated in a time span long enough to allow the detailed study of the varying frequency components. The results yield, in addition to the usual electrical and magnetic quantities, electromagnetic-induced vibration components in the stator. A comparison with current and vibration experimental data is also performed showing a good agreement with variable frequency components and certain limitations concerning their amplitude.

Avoiding climate destabilization caused by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, requires climate-neutral electricity sources. It has been proposed that the GHG emissions from coal-fired power plants can be offset by carbon capture and sequestration or bio-sequestration. However, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has recently declined so far in costs it now offers both technical and economic potential to offset all of coal-fired electricity use. PV only emits GHGs during fabrication and not during use. To determine which technical solution to climate-neutral electricity generation should be preferred, this study aggregates and synthesizes life cycle analysis studies for exergy, GHG emissions and land transformation for climate-neutral electricity. The results show that because of lower exergy efficiencies coal plants emit 13–18 times more GHG and transform 5–13 times more land than PV. Optimal bio-sequestration of coal-fired GHG requires 62% of U.S. arable land or 89% of all U.S land with average forest cover. Carbon capture and storage and enhanced oil recovery can improve coal performance, but for all cases the results clearly show that PV is a far more effective use of land. Overall, for the first time this study found climate-neutral photovoltaic farms are a preferred solution to climate-neutral coal fired electricity generation.

Photovoltaics is amongst the most important technologies for renewable energy sources, and plays a key role in the development of a society with a smaller environmental footprint. Key parameters for solar cells are their energy conversion efficiency, their operating lifetime, and the cost of the energy obtained from a photovoltaic system compared to other sources. The optimization of these aspects involves the exploitation of new materials and development of novel solar cell concepts and designs. Both theoretical modeling and characterization of such devices require a comprehensive view including all scales from the atomic to the macroscopic and industrial scale. The different length scales of the electronic and optical degrees of freedoms specifically lead to an intrinsic need for multiscale simulation, which is accentuated in many advanced photovoltaics concepts including nanostructured regions. Therefore, multiscale modeling has found particular interest in the photovoltaics community, as a tool to advance the field beyond its current limits. In this article, we review the field of multiscale techniques applied to photovoltaics, and we discuss opportunities and remaining challenges. © T. Abu Hamed et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2018., European Cooperation in Science and Technology: MP1406, The authors are grateful for the financial support by the COST Action MP1406 “MultiscaleSolar.”

[EN] The stray flux that is present in the vicinity of an induction motor is a very interesting information source to detect several types of failures in these machines. The analysis of this quantity can be employed, in some cases, as a supportive tool to complement the diagnosis provided by other quantities. In other cases, when no other motor quantities are available, stray flux analysis can become one of the few alternatives to evaluate the motor condition. Its non-invasive nature, low cost and easy implementation makes it a very interesting option that requires further investigation. The aim of this work is to evaluate the suitability of the stray flux analysis under the starting transient as a way to detect certain faults in induction motors (broken rotor bars and misalignments), even when these types of faults coexist in the motor. To this end, advanced signal processing tools will be applied. Several positions of the flux sensors are considered in this study. Also, for the first time, a fault indicator based on the stray flux analysis under the starting is introduced and its sensitivity is compared versus other indicators relying on other quantities. It must be emphasized that, since the capture of the transient and steady-state flux signals can be carried out in the same measurement, the application of the approach presented in this work is straightforward and its derived information may become crucial for the diagnosis of some faults., This work was supported in part by the Spanish "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" and FEDER program in the framework of the "Proyectos I+D del Subprograma de Generacion de Conocimiento, Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia" (ref: DPI2014-52842-P).

[EN] In this research, Cu-doped TiO2 thin films have been successfully deposited onto a glass substrate by Sol¿gel technique using dip coating method. The films were annealed at different annealing temperatures (400¿500 "C) for 1 h. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the films were investigated and compared using X-ray Diffraction,UV¿visible spectrophotometer and 4-point probe method. Optical analysis by mean transmittance T(k) and absorption A(k) measurements in the wavelength range between 300 to 800 nm allow us to determine the indirect band gap energy. DRX analysis of our thin films of TiO2:Cu shows that the intensities of the line characteristic of anatase phase increasing in function of the temperature., This work has been partially supported by LGOPS Laboratory University Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain and LMOPS Laboratory University of Lorraine France. Technical support from LMOPS and LGOPS labs is gratefully acknowledged.

The development of Condition-Based Maintenance and Prognostics and Health Management systems can be fostered by models that accurately reproduce the effects and propagation of faults. Conventional methods applied to the analysis and simulation of rotor asymmetries in induction machines are based in the classical 2-D finite element approach, which is unable to reflect its complex effects, such as interbar currents and their interaction with the stator flux density wave. Thus, this work applies a 2D-3D multiphysics finite element procedure to assess the impact of a bar breakage on a rotor cage during stationary operation, with reduced computational cost compared to a full motor 3-D simulation. Initial results improve previous ones obtained for transient operation conditions, showing the potential of the approach and confirming previous analytical studies.

Structural defects in the rotor cage of large electrical machines significantly impact their expected operational lifetime. This work simulates the stresses developed in a damaged rotor cage during different transient profiles and for different sizes of the imperfection. A combined model featuring electrical, thermal and mechanical stages as well as three different meshes reflecting a progressing narrowing of one of the bars in its junction to the end ring are used for this purpose. The results qualitatively agree with a previously presented fatigue test and show that under severe conditions the capability of aluminum to absorb stress is limited, and a state of plastic deformation is rapidly reached. The effect of a possible mitigation strategy is also studied.

[EN] Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a multichannel audio reproduction method, of a considerable computational cost that renders an accurate spatial sound field using a large number of loudspeakers to emulate virtual sound sources. The moving of sound source locations can be improved by using fractional delay filters, and room reflections can be compensated by using an inverse filter bank that corrects the room effects at selected points within the listening area. However, both the fractional delay filters and the room compensation filters further increase the computational requirements of the WFS system. This paper analyzes the performance of a WFS system composed of 96 loudspeakers which integrates both strategies. In order to deal with the large computational complexity, we explore the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU) as a massive signal co-processor to increase the capabilities of the WFS system. The performance of the method as well as the benefits of the GPU acceleration are demonstrated by considering different sizes of room compensation filters and fractional delay filters of order 9. The results show that a 96-speaker WFS system that is efficiently implemented on a state-of-art GPU can synthesize the movements of 94 sound sources in real time and, at the same time, can manage 9216 room compensation filters having more than 4000 coefficients each., This work was supported in part by the European Union together with Spanish Government under Grants TEC2015-67387-C41-R and TIN2014-53495-R (MINECO/FEDER) and in part by the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant PROMETEOII/2014/003. The work of J. A. Belloch was supported by the postdoctoral fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana under Grant APOSTD/2016/069

The analysis of the vibration response of electrical machines has importance in noise prediction and more recently, fault diagnosis. This work presents a strongly coupled 2-D magnetomechanical simulation of an induction machine under heavy operational conditions: a direct-on-line startup. Both healthy and broken bar states are simulated in a time span long enough to allow the detailed study of the varying frequency components. The results yield, in addition to the usual electrical and magnetic quantities, electromagnetic induced vibration components in the stator. A comparison with current and vibration experimental data is also performed.

International audience; In this work, Fluorine doped Zinc oxide (FZO) thin films were deposited by the sol-gel spin coating method. Zinc acetate dihydrate, ethanol and mono-ethanolamine were used as precursor, solvent and stabilizer, respectively. The atomic percentages of dopant in solution were [F/Zn]=1%,2%, 4% and 6%. The effect of F doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Four-Point probe technique and UV-visible spectrophotometery. The results from the X-ray diffraction show that the pure ZnO thin films have polycrystalline structure, hexagonal wurtzite type. All the films have a highly preferential c-axis orientation, and exhibited (002) plane as a preferential growth in all the dopant ratios. Grain sizes of the films were varied in range of 36.5 to 46.2 nm. The optical transmission is decreased with the increase of the dopant concentration. The band gap energy values were determined as 3.252 eV, 3.267 eV, 3.295 eV, 2.299 eV and 3.315 eV, respectively for undoped ZnO, 1, 2, 4 and 6% mole FZO thin films. A minimum resistivity of FZO (2.7210-3) was obtained for the film doped with 29% mol of F. These results make FZO thin films an attractive candidate for transparent and electric material applications. © 2016 IEEE.

The capacitive charge storage of carbon nanotube (CNT) based electrodes was investigated by ac-electrogravimetry which couples fast quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In contact with an aqueous NaCl electrolyte, evidence was found that there are two types of cations (Na+·H2O and H+) electroadsorbed with different kinetics for cathodic potentials and the Cl− ions for anodic potentials together with free water molecules. The reconstruction of the total mass response from independent ac-electrogravimetry measurements agrees perfectly well with the global EQCM response. Our findings reveal the unique sensitivity of the ac-electrogravimetry to provide a fair gravimetric and dynamic deconvolution of the global EQCM responses. Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Supercapacitors, EQCM, ac-electrogravimetry, Ion transfer dynamics, Electroadsorption

Permeable Pavement Systems (PPS) are an alternative to conventional paving systems that allow water to filter through their layers instead of running off them. They are structural source control Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS), which can contribute to reducing increased flood risk due to the combination of two of the greatest challenges with which cities will have to deal in the future: urbanization and Climate Change. Hence, this research consisted of the design of a site selection methodology for the location prioritization of PPS in urban catchments, in order to simulate their potential to attenuate flooding caused by severe rainfall events. This was achieved through the coupling of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and stormwater models, whose combination provided a framework for both locating and characterizing PPS. The usefulness of the methodology was tested through a real case study consisting of an urban catchment located in Espoo (southern Finland), which demonstrated that PPS can make a significant difference in the amount of runoff generated in an urban catchment due to intense storms., This paper was possible thanks to the research projects RHIVU (Ref. BIA2012-32463), SUPRIS-SUReS (Ref. BIA2015-65240-C2-1-R MINECO/FEDER, UE) and SUPRIS-SUPeI (Ref. BIA2015-65240-C2-2-R MINECO/FEDER, UE), financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness with funds from the State General Budget (PGE) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The authors wish to express their gratitude to all the entities that provided the data necessary to develop this research: Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY, Map Service of Espoo, National Land Survey of Finland, Geological Survey of Finland, EURO-CORDEX and European Climate Assessment & Dataset.

International audience; This paper presents the main advantages of creating a meta-value chain, as a source of sustainable competitive advantage in today's markets. This is not an easy task, as complete collaboration between the enterprises forming the value-chain as well as a proper interaction of the collaborative and technological processes must take place. The final objective of offering to customers an extended value proposition is enabled by the development of different products that implies collaborative practices between the members of the meta-value chain. Such products will be defined regarding the main collaborative processes to be potent within the meta-value chain and supported by technological tools and architecture that will enable the necessary informational flows between the members under different formats. Finally, a meta-value chain is presented, as well as the main results - benefits, drawbacks and possible future actions- and recommendations for creating a meta-value chain.

International audience; When constructing a social network from interactions among people (e.g., phone calls, encounters), a crucial task is to define the threshold that separates social from random (or casual) relationships. The ability to accurately identify social relationships becomes essential to applications that rely on a precise description of human routines, such as recommendation systems, forwarding strategies and opportunistic dissemination protocols. We thus propose a strategy to analyze users' interactions in dynamic networks where entities act according to their interests and activity dynamics. Our strategy, named \textit{\classifierE (\classifier)}, allows classifying users interactions, separating random ties from social ones. To that end, \classifier observes how the real system differs from an equivalent one where entities' decisions are completely random. We evaluate the effectiveness of the \classifier classification on five real-world user contact datasets collected in diverse networking contexts. Our analysis unveils significant differences among the dynamics of users' wireless interactions in the datasets, which we leverage to unveil the impact of social ties on opportunistic routing. We show that, for such specific purpose, the relationships inferred by \classifier are more relevant than, e.g., self-declared friendships on Facebook.

[EN] During plant protection treatments using airblast sprayers, part of the chemical is lost in the atmosphere (spray drift), ground, surface water, etc., causing risks to the environment. Although there is a growing interest in quantifying these losses, field measurements are extraordinarily complex and expensive. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) generates mathematical models of this phenomenon that may help to understand and quantify it. The air flow produced by the fan is affected by the tree canopies, which modify the trajectories of spray droplets. Current state of the art in CFD considers canopies as porous bodies and uses the k-epsilon turbulence model. In a first step, this work proposes and validates a two dimensional CFD model to be applied in citrus tree applications from experimental data. This new CFD model considers canopies as solid bodies. Four different geometries for the first tree are compared using three different turbulence models: k-epsilon, SST k-omega and Reynolds Stress Model. Air velocities measured in front of a canopy in a previous field test are introduced as boundary conditions. We used the experimental data to adjust the model and select the geometry and the turbulence model. In order to test the validity of the model, air velocities obtained with the model are compared with the experimental data obtained in other experiment. The final CFD model was able to reproduce the airflow behaviour around the tree canopy, with the same turbulent structures. The solid body with the new turbulence model (SST k-omega) was considered as a good approximation to the real life. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., This work was partially financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy (Projects AGL2007-66093-C04-01 and AGL2010-22304-C04-01) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Ramon Salcedo is recipient of a postgraduate FPI-INIA scholarship. Authors would like to thank to Grupo Martinavarro S.L. for allowing the use of their fields and Pulverizadores Fede S.A. for the use of its sprayer.

International audience; Field tests to estimate spray drift are currently standardized but are very complex, time con-suming, expensive and often cannot be compared. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a useful tool to investigate this phenomenon. The airflow generated by the fan of an air-blast sprayer is highly affected by the canopies, which consequently affects the trajectories of spray droplets and has an important influence on drift. Once determined an air flow model in previous work, the subsequent step is to propose a Eulerian-Lagrangian model to predict droplet trajectories, and compare its results with an experimental mass balance in order to assess its validity. Observed differences between experimental and simulation data have been close to the percentage of spray volume that the mass balance reflected as unknown, thus providing encouraging results.

International audience; This paper summarizes parallel session C1: Pulsar Timing Arrays of the Amaldi10/GR20 Meeting held in Warsaw, Poland in July 2013. The session showcased recent results from pulsar timing array collaborations, advances in modelling the gravitational-wave signal, and new methods to search for and characterize gravitational waves in pulsar timing array observations.

Part 3: Service Composition I; International audience; This paper introduces an integrated modeling approach that has been used to design and implement the ColNet platform. ColNet is the result of creating an integrated system, supporting distributed business processes design and execution in a Collaborative Network (CN) belonging to an Open Ecosystem (VBE). The work has been carried out as a part of the FP7 REMPLANET European Project, which aims at providing methods and tools for better decision-making in non-hierarchical collaborative networks. The functional alignment of Open Service Ecosystems, Collaborative Networks and Services Entities lifecycles is adopted as main functional requirements for the platform design and implementation while, at the same time, they raise an integrated modeling need. Both constitute the underlying approach followed when designing and implementing ColNet and are briefly described here.

[EN] We investigated the variation and short-term evolution of the selfing rate and inbreeding depression (ID) across three generations within a cedar forest that was established from admixture ca 1860. The mean selfing rate was 9.5%, ranging from 0 to 48% among 20 seed trees (estimated from paternally inherited chloroplast DNA). We computed the probability of selfing for each seed and we investigated ID by comparing selfed and outcrossed seeds within progenies, thus avoiding maternal effects. In all progenies, the germination rate was high (88-100%) and seedling mortality was low (0-12%). The germination dynamics differed significantly between selfed and outcrossed seeds within progenies in the founder gene pool but not in the following generations. This transient effect of selfing could be attributed to epistatic interactions in the original admixture. Regarding the seedling growth traits, the ID was low but significant: 8 and 6% for height and diameter growth, respectively. These rates did not vary among generations, suggesting minor gene effects. At this early stage, outcrossed seedlings outcompeted their selfed relatives, but not necessarily other selfed seedlings from other progenies. Thus, purging these slightly deleterious genes may only occur through within-family selection. Processes that maintain a high level of genetic diversity for fitness-related traits among progenies also reduce the efficiency of purging this part of the genetic load. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved. Guardar / Salir Siguiente >, This work has been partially supported by Grant PPI-00-04 from the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain). We thank B Fady and E Klein as well as two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on a previous version of the paper. We acknowledge B Jouaud, W Brunetto, F Jean and H Picot for seed collection and processing and laboratory assistance, as well as P Brahic and staff from the Experimental Nursery of Aix-Les Milles for nursery cares.

Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS) is an approach to transportation decision making and design that takes into consideration the community's needs and sensitivity to the area in which the infrastructure proposal is planned. CSS is the result of developing transportation projects that serve all users and are compatible with the environment and surroundings through which they pass. Successful CSS results from a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to transportation planning and project development. A model to support the CSS approach for the planning of a new and existing corridor is presented. It is a hierarchy model that aims to improve the performance outcomes of the plan by means of a set of 8 evaluation criteria and 22 attributes under 3 macro criteria: technical, economic, and environmental. The objective of this investigation is to identify the key criteria and factors of the decision making model and their relative importance.

International audience; In the recent years, inter-organisational cooperation has been one of the organisational strategies most used to compete and become adapted to the exigencies of the global market. In this context, internal business processes of the cooperative enterprises should interact to pursue common objectives that will be profitable for all parts. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the performance of these business processes under a strategic approach and in a twofold manner, from a global perspective (inter-enterprise) and from an individual or partial perspective (intra-enterprise). Performance Measurement Systems (PMSs) described in the literature that discuss this context are very different in their conception and broadness. This paper describes the basic characteristics that PMSs should fulfil to cover interoperability requirements and a literature review of the PMSs that deal with business process interoperability in order to gain detailed insight into PMS definition for these contexts. From the literature review, a comparison of the PMSs is obtained with regard to eight core characteristics for these contexts: business process representation, business process measurement, business process lifecycle management, PMS intra and interorganisational levels measurement, process-decomposition approach, intra-inter-process connection measurement, interorganisational coordination measurement, and common interorganisational strategy.

International audience; A model for the capacity and material requirement planning problem with uncertainty in a multi-product, multi-level and multi-period manufacturing environment is proposed. An optimization model is formulated which takes into account the uncertainty that exists in both the market demand and capacity data, and the uncertain costs for backlog. This work uses the concept of possibilistic programming by comparing trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Such an approach makes it possible to model the ambiguity in market demand, capacity data, cost information, etc. that could be present in production planning systems. The main goal is to determine the master production schedule, stock levels, backlog, and capacity usage levels over a given planning horizon in such a way as to hedge against the uncertainty. Finally, the fuzzy model and the deterministic model adopted as the basis of this work are compared using real data from an automobile seat manufacturer. The paper concludes that fuzzy numbers could improve the solution of production planning problems.

International audience; Tool management is an important element in the efficiency of flexible manufacturing systems. This paper improves manufacturing flexibility through integrated computer aided process planning and scheduling with tool management. A new methodology for cutting tool management is introduced, based on the use of alternative tools. In the methodology proposed, computer aided process planning singles out all possible tool alternatives for each operation. The tool manager is designed to solve interferences between tool alternatives to make them compatible with scheduling. Interferences occur when the same tools are simultaneously needed in various machining operations. We propose a method to reduce tool alternatives. Thus, interferences disappear, and a collection of tool alternatives compatible with the scheduling of the system are obtained for machining operations. Tool management can use these sets of tools to plan tool changes that are necessary to face tool wear and to react to perturbations in the production system. To prove the response of our proposal, computational experiments are performed on randomly generated test problems.

The genome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is being sequenced by an international consortium of 10 countries (Korea, China, the United Kingdom, India, The Netherlands, France, Japan, Spain, Italy and the United States) as part of a larger initiative called the ‘International Solanaceae Genome Project (SOL): Systems Approach to Diversity and Adaptation’. The goal of this grassroots initiative, launched in November 2003, is to establish a network of information, resources and scientists to ultimately tackle two of the most significant questions in plant biology and agriculture: (1) How can a common set of genes/proteins give rise to a wide range of morphologically and ecologically distinct organisms that occupy our planet? (2) How can a deeper understanding of the genetic basis of plant diversity be harnessed to better meet the needs of society in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner? The Solanaceae and closely related species such as coffee, which are included in the scope of the SOL project, are ideally suited to address both of these questions. The first step of the SOL project is to use an ordered BAC approach to generate a high quality sequence for the euchromatic portions of the tomato as a reference for the Solanaceae. Due to the high level of macro and micro-synteny in the Solanaceae the BAC-by-BAC tomato sequence will form the framework for shotgun sequencing of other species. The starting point for sequencing the genome is BACs anchored to the genetic map by overgo hybridization and AFLP technology. The overgos are derived from approximately 1500 markers from the tomato high density F2-2000 genetic map (http://sgn.cornell.edu/). These seed BACs will be used as anchors from which to radiate the tiling path using BAC end sequence data. Annotation will be performed according to SOL project guidelines. All the information generated under the SOL umbrella will be made available in a comprehensive website. The information will be interlinked with the ultimate goal that the comparative biology of the Solanaceae—and beyond—achieves a context that will facilitate a systems biology approach.