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The evolutionary conserved Notch signaling pathway functions as a mediator of direct cell–cell communication between neighboring cells during development. Notch plays a crucial role in various fundamental biological processes in a wide range of tissues. Accordingly, the aberrant signaling of this pathway underlies multiple genetic pathologies such as developmental syndromes, congenital disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Over the last two decades, significant data have shown that the Notch signaling pathway displays a significant function in the mature brains of vertebrates and invertebrates beyond neuronal development and specification during embryonic development. Neuronal connection, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory appear to be regulated by this pathway. Specific mutations in human Notch family proteins have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, CADASIL, and ischemic injury. Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable disorders of the central nervous system that cause the progressive degeneration and/or death of brain nerve cells, affecting both mental function and movement (ataxia). There is currently a lot of study being conducted to better understand the molecular mechanisms by which Notch plays an essential role in the mature brain. In this study, an in silico analysis of polymorphisms and mutations in human Notch family members that lead to neurodegenerative diseases was performed in order to investigate the correlations among Notch family proteins and neurodegenerative diseases. Particular emphasis was placed on the study of mutations in the Notch3 protein and the structure analysis of the mutant Notch3 protein that leads to the manifestation of the CADASIL syndrome in order to spot possible conserved mutations and interpret the effect of these mutations in the Notch3 protein structure. Conserved mutations of cysteine residues may be candidate pharmacological targets for the potential therapy of CADASIL syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of 50 cucumber core germplasm resources from all over the countryto provide a basis and reference for cucumber breeding.【Method】In this study, 66 pairs of SSR primers were designed to screen 50 cucumber materials for molecular markers and cluster analyses of genetic diversity.【Result】50 cucumber core germplasms tested showed diversity in rind color, papilloma, and fruit stripe. The results showed that 32 of the 66 primer pairs were effective to amplify clear and stable polymorphic markers among different cucumber core germplasms, and the 32 pairs of SSR primers amplified a total of 280 allelic fragments, of which 216 were polymorphic, accounting for 77.1% of the total fragments. It indicated that 32 pairs of SSR primers screened have high genetic polymorphism and are suitable for genetic diversity analysis of cucumber germplasm materials. The clustering results were consistent with the results of the investigated germplasm resources. The lowest genetic similarity coefficient of 50 cucumber core germplasms was 0.62, and the highest was 1.00. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.754, 50 cucumber germplasm materials were clustered into 7 groups, that is, 9 South China type materials were clustered into 6 groups: Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, of which Ⅳ included one intermediate material and No.9 South China type material. 40 North China cucumber materials were clustered into one class: class Ⅱ. This indicated that the similarity coefficient between North China type cucumber materials and South China type cucumber materials was low and the genetic relationship was far. The cucumber materials of North China type had high similarity coefficient, close genetic relationship, narrow genetic background and poor genetic diversity. The similarity coefficient between the South China cucumber materials is low, the genetic relationship is far, the genetic background is wide, and the genetic diversity is rich.【Conclusion】32 pairs of SSR primers were screened out, which could effectively cluster the 50 cucumber core germplasm materials. The 50 cucumber materials at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.754 were clustered into 7 groups, and the results were consistent with the results of trait investigation. In addition, the genetic background of North China cucumber is narrow with poor genetic diversity. The genetic background of South China cucumber is relatively wide with rich genetic diversity.

The evolutionary conserved Notch signaling pathway functions as a mediator of direct cell–cell communication between neighboring cells during development. Notch plays a crucial role in various fundamental biological processes in a wide range of tissues. Accordingly, the aberrant signaling of this pathway underlies multiple genetic pathologies such as developmental syndromes, congenital disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Over the last two decades, significant data have shown that the Notch signaling pathway displays a significant function in the mature brains of vertebrates and invertebrates beyond neuronal development and specification during embryonic development. Neuronal connection, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory appear to be regulated by this pathway. Specific mutations in human Notch family proteins have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, CADASIL, and ischemic injury. Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable disorders of the central nervous system that cause the progressive degeneration and/or death of brain nerve cells, affecting both mental function and movement (ataxia). There is currently a lot of study being conducted to better understand the molecular mechanisms by which Notch plays an essential role in the mature brain. In this study, an in silico analysis of polymorphisms and mutations in human Notch family members that lead to neurodegenerative diseases was performed in order to investigate the correlations among Notch family proteins and neurodegenerative diseases. Particular emphasis was placed on the study of mutations in the Notch3 protein and the structure analysis of the mutant Notch3 protein that leads to the manifestation of the CADASIL syndrome in order to spot possible conserved mutations and interpret the effect of these mutations in the Notch3 protein structure. Conserved mutations of cysteine residues may be candidate pharmacological targets for the potential therapy of CADASIL syndrome.

[Objective] This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of 50 cucumber core germplasm resources from all over the countryto provide a basis and reference for cucumber breeding. [Method] In this study, 66 pairs of SSR primers were designed to screen 50 cucumber materials for molecular markers and cluster analyses of genetic diversity. [Result] 50 cucumber core germplasms tested showed diversity in rind color, papilloma, and fruit stripe. The results showed that 32 of the 66 primer pairs were effective to amplify clear and stable polymorphic markers among different cucumber core germplasms, and the 32 pairs of SSR primers amplified a total of 280 allelic fragments, of which 216 were polymorphic, accounting for 77.1% of the total fragments. It indicated that 32 pairs of SSR primers screened have high genetic polymorphism and are suitable for genetic diversity analysis of cucumber germplasm materials. The clustering results were consistent with the results of the investigated germplasm resources. The lowest genetic similarity coefficient of 50 cucumber core germplasms was 0.62, and the highest was 1.00. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.754, 50 cucumber germplasm materials were clustered into 7 groups, that is, 9 South China type materials were clustered into 6 groups: I, III, IV, V, VI, VII, of which IV included one intermediate material and No.9 South China type material. 40 North China cucumber materials were clustered into one class: class II. This indicated that the similarity coefficient between North China type cucumber materials and South China type cucumber materials was low and the genetic relationship was far. The cucumber materials of North China type had high similarity coefficient, close genetic relationship, narrow genetic background and poor genetic diversity. The similarity coefficient between the South China cucumber materials is low, the genetic relationship is far, the genetic background is wide, and the genetic diversity is rich. [Conclusion] 32 pairs of SSR primers were screened out, which could effectively cluster the 50 cucumber core germplasm materials. The 50 cucumber materials at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.754 were clustered into 7 groups, and the results were consistent with the results of trait investigation. In addition, the genetic background of North China cucumber is narrow with poor genetic diversity. The genetic background of South China cucumber is relatively wide with rich genetic diversity . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in-house tomato inbred line, YNAU335, was planted in a greenhouse in spring from 2014 to 2017, and showed immunity to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). YNAU335 was infected with TSWV in the spring from 2018 to 2020, and disease was observed on the leaves, sepals, and fruits. In 2021 and 2022, YNAU335 was planted in spring in the same greenhouse, which was suspected of being infected with TSWV, and visible disease symptoms were observed on the fruits. Transmission electron microscopy, deep sequencing of small RNAs, and molecular mutation diagnosis were used to analyze the pathological features and genetic polymorphism of TSWV infecting tomato fruit. Typical TSWV virions were observed in the infected fruits, but not leaves from YNAU335 grown between 2021 and 2022, and cross-infection was very rarely observed. The number of mitochondria and chloroplasts increased, but the damage to the mitochondria was greater than that seen in the chloroplasts. Small RNA deep sequencing revealed the presence of multiple viral species in TSWV-infected and non-infected tomato samples grown between 2014–2022. Many virus species, including TSWV, which accounted for the largest proportion, were detected in the TSWV-infected tomato leaves and fruit. However, a variety of viruses other than TSWV were also detected in the non-infected tissues. The amino acids of TSWV nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) and movement proteins (MPs) from diseased fruits of YNAU335 picked in 2021–2022 were found to be very diverse. Compared with previously identified NPs and MPs from TSWV isolates, those found in this study could be divided into three types: non-resistance-breaking, resistance-breaking, and other isolates. The number of positive clones and a comparison with previously identified amino acid mutations suggested that mutation F at AA118 of the MP (GenBank OL310707) is likely the key to breaking the resistance to TSWV, and this mutation developed only in the infected fruit of YNAU335 grown in 2021 and 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ficus carica L. is a common fig that is an incredibly nutritional fruit, well-known for its medicinal and economic values. This study aims to establish an efficient protocol for the mass propagation of fig plantlets (Ficus carica L.) for the cultivar "Violette de Solliès". Surface-sterilized shoot-tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine, BAP; thidiazuron, TDZ; kinetin, Kn; and zeatin, Zea). Induced shoots were rooted on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) with different concentrations of auxins (naphthalene-acetic acid, NAA; indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; and indole-3-butyric acid, IBA). Rooted explants were acclimatized in eight different soil substrates prior to cultivation in a commercial plot. The propagated plantlets were analyzed for genetic stability and clonal fidelity using RAPD and SCoT molecular markers, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe the stomata morphology of post-acclimatized plants. MS media supplemented with 5.0 mg/L BAP was the optimal treatment for multiple shoot induction (15.20 ± 1.03 shoots), whereas the highest percentage of rooting (93.33%) was achieved in WPM supplemented with 3.0 mg/L IBA. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized in biochar soil with a survival rate of 100%. RAPD and SCoT analysis showed no polymorphism occurrences across six subculture cycles, whereas observations via SEM indicated normal stomata structures on the leaves of acclimatized plantlets. This study documents an efficient micropropagation protocol for Ficus carica cv. Violette de Solliès for the production of uniformed and true-to-type plant stocks suitable for commercial propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Plum (Prunus salicina L.) is a tree species with great economic prospect in northeast China, and it has important social and economic values. Genetic linkage maps of plum were constructed by molecular markers to provide a theoretical basis for breeding new plum varieties.【Method】Jilin 6 and Longyuan Qiuli were used as the mapping parents. The authenticity of F1 progeny was identified by SSR primers. 14 ISSR and 16 SRAP primers were selected to construct the genetic linkage map of plum by using Join Map 4.0 software and "double pseudo-testcross" theory.【Result】In this study, 72 authentic F1 progeny were obtained. ISSR and SRAP primers produced 5 segregation patterns and 120 marker loci in this F1 population. A genetic linkage map with 16 linkage groups and 38 marker loci with a total length of 528.5 cM was constructed by software analysis. The groups ranged in size from 9.6-71.1 cM, and the average size was 13.9 cM. The marker had a maximum genetic distance of 52.8 cM and a minimum genetic distance of 1.4 cM.【Conclusion】The construction of genetic linkage maps enriched the genetic research basis of plum in cold region, and contributed to the study of QTL mapping, marker-assisted breeding and gene mapping.

An in-house tomato inbred line, YNAU335, was planted in a greenhouse in spring from 2014 to 2017, and showed immunity to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). YNAU335 was infected with TSWV in the spring from 2018 to 2020, and disease was observed on the leaves, sepals, and fruits. In 2021 and 2022, YNAU335 was planted in spring in the same greenhouse, which was suspected of being infected with TSWV, and visible disease symptoms were observed on the fruits. Transmission electron microscopy, deep sequencing of small RNAs, and molecular mutation diagnosis were used to analyze the pathological features and genetic polymorphism of TSWV infecting tomato fruit. Typical TSWV virions were observed in the infected fruits, but not leaves from YNAU335 grown between 2021 and 2022, and cross-infection was very rarely observed. The number of mitochondria and chloroplasts increased, but the damage to the mitochondria was greater than that seen in the chloroplasts. Small RNA deep sequencing revealed the presence of multiple viral species in TSWV-infected and non-infected tomato samples grown between 2014–2022. Many virus species, including TSWV, which accounted for the largest proportion, were detected in the TSWV-infected tomato leaves and fruit. However, a variety of viruses other than TSWV were also detected in the non-infected tissues. The amino acids of TSWV nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) and movement proteins (MPs) from diseased fruits of YNAU335 picked in 2021–2022 were found to be very diverse. Compared with previously identified NPs and MPs from TSWV isolates, those found in this study could be divided into three types: non-resistance-breaking, resistance-breaking, and other isolates. The number of positive clones and a comparison with previously identified amino acid mutations suggested that mutation F at AA118 of the MP (GenBank OL310707) is likely the key to breaking the resistance to TSWV, and this mutation developed only in the infected fruit of YNAU335 grown in 2021 and 2022.

Summary: The potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor , causes serious disease limiting the production of many crops. This disease usually decreases sweet potato yield by 20-50%, and in heavily infested fields the crop may be completely lost. Although the nematode has economic importance in China, its transmission route and genetic diversity are unknown. In this study, a collection of 1761 contigs of the D. destructor genome was mined for simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which resulted in the identification of 9745 SSRs. A total of 150 pairs of SSR primers were further developed and used for validation of the amplification rate and assessment of the polymorphism. Nine SSR markers were finally identified and analysed using 96 individual specimens of D. destructor sampled from four provinces in China. These loci were found to be moderately polymorphic with 2-8 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosity across the four populations ranged from 0.000 to 0.833 and from 0.000 to 0.666, respectively. This is the first report of the development and characterisation of genomic SSR markers in D. destructor. Our study demonstrated the obvious gene differentiation among different populations of D. destructor in China. This suggests that D. destructor in China may have been introduced from multiple origins. Much more work is needed on this species to identify patterns of spread, and the microsatellite loci we develop here should be useful in many regions for modelling range expansion, studying the evolution of resistance, and increasing the effectiveness of pest management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Persistent infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. However, why only a fraction of HPV cases progress to cancer is still unclear. Methods We focused on the heterogeneity, classification, evolution and dispersal of variants for 14 common HPV types in 262 HPV-positive patients with cervical lesions. The E6 and E7 genes of HPV were sequenced and compared with the HPV reference for sequence analysis. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining tree method with MEGA 7.0. Results In this study, 233 E6 and 212 E7 sequences were successfully amplified by PCR, and these sequences were divided into 5 species groups: alpha-9 (HPV16, 31, 33, 52, 58), alpha-5 (HPV51), alpha-6 (HPV53, 66), alpha-7 (HPV18, 39, 59, 68) and alpha-10 (HPV6, 44). The incidence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in patients infected with alpha-9 HPV was significantly increased compared with other groups (P

Ficus carica L. is a common fig that is an incredibly nutritional fruit, well-known for its medicinal and economic values. This study aims to establish an efficient protocol for the mass propagation of fig plantlets (Ficus carica L.) for the cultivar ‘Violette de Solliès’. Surface-sterilized shoot-tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine, BAP; thidiazuron, TDZ; kinetin, Kn; and zeatin, Zea). Induced shoots were rooted on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) with different concentrations of auxins (naphthalene-acetic acid, NAA; indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; and indole-3-butyric acid, IBA). Rooted explants were acclimatized in eight different soil substrates prior to cultivation in a commercial plot. The propagated plantlets were analyzed for genetic stability and clonal fidelity using RAPD and SCoT molecular markers, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe the stomata morphology of post-acclimatized plants. MS media supplemented with 5.0 mg/L BAP was the optimal treatment for multiple shoot induction (15.20 ± 1.03 shoots), whereas the highest percentage of rooting (93.33%) was achieved in WPM supplemented with 3.0 mg/L IBA. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized in biochar soil with a survival rate of 100%. RAPD and SCoT analysis showed no polymorphism occurrences across six subculture cycles, whereas observations via SEM indicated normal stomata structures on the leaves of acclimatized plantlets. This study documents an efficient micropropagation protocol for Ficus carica cv. ‘Violette de Solliès’ for the production of uniformed and true-to-type plant stocks suitable for commercial propagation.

Abstract Background Xinjiang is one of the areas with the highest incidence of cervical cancer in China. Genetic variation in Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) may increase the ability of the virus to mediate carcinogenesis and immune escape, which are risk factors for the progression of cervical cancer. We investigated polymorphism in HPV16 and the distribution of its sub-lineages in the region by analyzing the E6, E7 and long control region (LCR) gene sequences from women with HPV16-positive cervical samples in Xinjiang. Methods A total of 138 cases of cervical lesions and squamous cell carcinoma with infection of HPV16 virus were collected. The E6 and E7 genes and LCR of HPV16 virus were sequenced and compared with the HPV16 European prototype reference and other HPV16 mutants for single nucleotide polymorphisms. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed using E6, E7 and LCR sequences. Results Fourteen missense mutations were found in the E6 gene; the loci with the highest mutation frequency were T350G (36/75, 48%) and T178G (19/75, 25.3%). In the E7 gene, the locus with the highest mutation frequency was A647G (18/75, 24%). A total of 33 polymorphic sites were found in the LCR, of which T7447C (39/95, 40.1%) was the most frequent. Conclusion HPV16 in Xinjiang is mainly of the European variant, followed by the Asian variant type; no Africa 1, 2 or Asia–America variant types were found.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen receptor gene (ESR) polymorphism on the growth traits of quails. PCR products were used to directly sequence the polymorphism of exon 4 of ESR gene in three quail populations (Chinese yellow quail, Korean quail, Beijing white quail) and analyze the association between ESR gene and growth traits of quails. The results show that three genotypes, CC, CT and TT, were detected in exon 4 of ESR1 gene in three quail populations. The highest frequencies of TT gene were 0.409 and 0.617 in China yellow quail and Korean quail, respectively. The highest frequencies of CC gene were 0.667 in Beijing white quail. For exon 4 of ESR1 gene in China yellow quail (P<0.05), the weight and tibial length of the TT genotype were significantly higher than the CT and CC genotype (P<0.05). Among Beijing white quail, the weight of CC genotype was significantly higher than that of CT and TT genotypes (P<0.05), and the sternum length of CC genotype was significantly higher than that of TT genotype (P<0.05). Among Korean quail, the body weight of CT genotype was significantly higher than that of CT and TT genotype (P<0.05), and the tibial length of CT genotype was significantly higher than that of TT genotype (P<0.05). It was found that exon 4 of ESR1 gene was significantly associated with body weight, tibial length and sternum length of egg quail (P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is one member of flavin monooxygenase, FMO3 gene mutation has been proved the main causes of trimethylamine urine of human as well as fishlike smell of milk and eggs. In this study, polymorphism of FMO3 genes in Beijing white quail, China yellow quail and Korean quail was tested by PCR technology and hybrid DNA pool sequencing technology. Results can provide references for further exploring the action mechanism of FMO3 on fishlike smell of quail eggs. Research results show that, One SNPs mutation site (A66G) was detected from the exon 2 of FMO3, the A allele frequencies of A66G in Beijing white quail, China yellow quail and Korean quail were 0.603, 0.500 and 0.574, while G allele frequencies were 0.397, 0.500 and 0.426, respectively. One SNPs mutation site (C219T) was detected from the exon 9, C allele frequencies of C219T in Beijing white quail, China yellow quail and Korean quail were 0.125, 0.250 and 0.000, and the T allele frequencies were 0.875, 0.750 and 1.000, respectively. Two SNPs mutation sites (A39G and A41T) were detected from exon 7, A and G allele frequencies of A39G in Korean quail, Beijing white quail and China yellow quail were 0.811, 0.189, 0.605, 0.395, 0.491 and 0.509, A and T allele frequencies of A41T were 0.000, 1.000, 0.167, 0.833, 0.000 and 1.000, respectively. Two SNPs mutation sites (A139T and C187T) were detected from exon 4, A and T allele frequencies of A139T in Beijing white quail and Korean quail were 0.826, 0.174, 0.351 and 0.649, respectively, C and T allele frequencies of C187T were 0.370, 0.630, 0.283 and 0.717, respectively. According to clustering analysis, Beijing white quail has the closest genetic relationship with Japan quail, partridge, and mallard, which are clustered in one group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pod dehiscence (shattering) is the main cause of serious yield loss during the soybean mechanical harvesting process. A better understanding of the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms of pod dehiscence is of great significance for soybean breeding. In this study, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) with NJAU 355K SoySNP array was performed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with pod dehiscence in an association panel containing 211 accessions across five environments. A total of 163 SNPs were identified as significantly associated with pod dehiscence. Among these markers, 136 SNPs identified on chromosome 16 were located in the known QTL qPDH1. One, one, three, eleven, three, one, three, three and one SNPs were distributed on chromosome 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 17, 18, and 20, respectively. Favorable SNPs and six haplotypes were identified based on ten functional SNPs; among those Hap2 and Hap3 were considered as optimal haplotypes. In addition, based on GWAS results, the candidate gene Glyma09g06290 was identified. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results and polymorphism analysis suggested that Glyma09g06290 might be involved in pod dehiscence. Furthermore, a derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) marker for Glyma09g06290 was developed. Overall, the loci and genes identified in this study will be helpful in breeding soybean accessions resistant to pod dehiscence.

Pod dehiscence (shattering) is the main cause of serious yield loss during the soybean mechanical harvesting process. A better understanding of the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms of pod dehiscence is of great significance for soybean breeding. In this study, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) with NJAU 355K SoySNP array was performed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with pod dehiscence in an association panel containing 211 accessions across five environments. A total of 163 SNPs were identified as significantly associated with pod dehiscence. Among these markers, 136 SNPs identified on chromosome 16 were located in the known QTL qPDH1. One, one, three, eleven, three, one, three, three and one SNPs were distributed on chromosome 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 17, 18, and 20, respectively. Favorable SNPs and six haplotypes were identified based on ten functional SNPs; among those Hap2 and Hap3 were considered as optimal haplotypes. In addition, based on GWAS results, the candidate gene Glyma09g06290 was identified. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results and polymorphism analysis suggested that Glyma09g06290 might be involved in pod dehiscence. Furthermore, a derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (dCAPS) marker for Glyma09g06290 was developed. Overall, the loci and genes identified in this study will be helpful in breeding soybean accessions resistant to pod dehiscence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In comparison with the most preferred genetic marker utilized in forensic science (STR), insertion/deletion analysis possesses further benefits, like absence of stutter peak, low mutation rate, and enabling mixed stain analysis. At present, a total of 169 unrelated healthy Dongxiang individuals dwelling in Dongxiang Autonomous county of Gansu province were recruited in our study to appraise the forensic usefulness of the panel including 30 autosomal diallelic genetic markers. The insertion allele frequencies were in the range of 0.1598 at HLD 111 to 0.8550 at HLD 118. The cumulative match of probability and the combined probability of exclusion were estimated based on independence of pairwise loci, with the values of 3.96 × 10-11 and 0.9886, respectively, which showed tremendous potential of this panel to be qualified for forensic personal identification in Chinese Dongxiang group. And it could also be used as a complementary tool for forensic parentage testing when combined with standard STR genetic markers. Furthermore, calculation of the DA distance and Fst values of pairwise populations, phylogenetic reconstruction, multidimensional scaling analysis, structure clustering analysis were also conducted to probe the genetic relationships between Dongxiang group and the other 30 reference populations. Results demonstrated that Dongxiang ethnic group might be genetically closer related with most Chinese populations involved in our study, especially Tibet groups, Xibe group, and several Han populations.

In this study, polymorphism of FMO3 genes in French giant quail and Savimit quail was tested by PCR technology and hybrid DNA pool sequencing technology. The results show that, one SNPs mutation site (A66G) was detected from the exon 2 of FMO3, the A and G allele frequencies of A66G in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.586/0.414 and 0.395/0.605. Two SNPs mutation sites (A139T and C187T) were detected from the exon 4 of FMO3, A and T allele frequencies of A139T in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.630/0.370 and 1.000 /0.000, C and T allele frequencies of C187T in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.256/ 0.744 and 0.763/0.237, respectively. Two mutation sites (A39G and A41T) were detected from exon 7, A and G allele frequencies of A39G in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.769/0.231 and 0.190 /0.810, A and T allele frequencies of A41T were 0.107/0.893 and 0.000/1.000. One SNPs mutation site (C219T) was detected from exon 9, C and T allele frequencies of C219T in French giant quail and Savimit quail were 0.250/0.750 and 0.250/0.750, respectively. According to clustering analysis, 10 different livestock species were finally clustered into three groups. Quail had close genetic relationship with jungle fowl and they were clustered into one group. The tropical xenopus was clustered into the second group. The rest animals were clustered into the third group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In comparison with the most preferred genetic marker utilized in forensic science (STR), insertion/deletion analysis possesses further benefits, like absence of stutter peak, low mutation rate, and enabling mixed stain analysis. At present, a total of 169 unrelated healthy Dongxiang individuals dwelling in Dongxiang Autonomous county of Gansu province were recruited in our study to appraise the forensic usefulness of the panel including 30 autosomal diallelic genetic markers. The insertion allele frequencies were in the range of 0.1598 at HLD 111 to 0.8550 at HLD 118. The cumulative match of probability and the combined probability of exclusion were estimated based on independence of pairwise loci, with the values of 3.96 × 10-11 and 0.9886, respectively, which showed tremendous potential of this panel to be qualified for forensic personal identification in Chinese Dongxiang group. And it could also be used as a complementary tool for forensic parentage testing when combined with standard STR genetic markers. Furthermore, calculation of the DA distance and Fst values of pairwise populations, phylogenetic reconstruction, multidimensional scaling analysis, structure clustering analysis were also conducted to probe the genetic relationships between Dongxiang group and the other 30 reference populations. Results demonstrated that Dongxiang ethnic group might be genetically closer related with most Chinese populations involved in our study, especially Tibet groups, Xibe group, and several Han populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a survey of endophytic fungi from cucurbit plants in China, 21 Talaromyces strains were isolated from ten symptomless plants. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene (RPB2) showed that the strains belong to Talaromyces sections Talaromyces and Islandici. Based on morphological characters and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), calmodulin (CaM), and β-tubulin (TUB) genes, the strains were identified as four known species, T. cnidii, T. pinophilus, T. radicus, and T. wortmannii, and two new species. Two new species, T. cucurbitiradicus from pumpkin roots and T. endophyticus from cucumber stems, are described in this study. Talaromyces cucurbitiradicus is morphologically similar to T. funiculosus but differs in the number of phialides per metula and by the production of chlamydospores. Talaromyces endophyticus is morphologically similar to T. cerinus and T. chlamydosporus but differs by producing yellowish colonies and by lacking chlamydospores. Further analyses of polymorphisms in ITS and TUB sequences supported the distinctions among T. cucurbitiradicus, T. endophyticus, and similar species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae is a pathogen of cereal crops and causes high yield losses worldwide. In this study, a collection of 37,348 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of H. avenae was mined for EST-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which resulted in the identification of 5604 SSRs. A total of 210 pairs of SSR primers were further developed and used for validation of the amplification rate and assessment of the polymorphism. Eight SSR markers were finally identified and analyzed using 96 individual cysts of H. avenae sampled from three provinces in China. These loci were found to be moderately polymorphic with 3-8 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosity across the three populations ranged from 0.000 to 0.594 and from 0.000 to 0.731, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) was medium and ranged from 0.080 to 0.562, with a mean of 0.409. The F ranged from 0.1034 to 0.1550, indicating moderate genetic differentiation among the three H. avenae populations. These EST-SSR markers can be used to study population genetic diversity and the dispersal route of H. avenae in China . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The study aims to provide references for genetic improvement and assistant breeding of reproduction traits of Yaoshan Chicken.【Method】 The genetic diversity of gene STAT5 was detected by DNA sequencing techniques, and an association analysis was conducted on polymorphic sites and reproduction traits.【Result】The mutation sites (11229，11298，10275,6571 T→C and 6669,6732,6898, 7142,7211,7219,7260 G→A)were found in amplified fragments of gene STAT5. The site 6898 G→A has the highest heterozygosity and content of information in a polypeptide, the site 7260 G→A has the lowest ones, respectively 0.0950 and 0.0905. All the mutation sites were at intermediate polymorphic status,but the site 6571 T→C,6732 G→A and 7260 G→A. The association of polymorphisms revealed that 6571 T→C and 7260 G→A had no significant correlation with reproduction traits of Yaoshan chicken, the others all had significant (P<0.05) or highly significant(P<0.01) correlation with reproduction traits.【Conclusion 】Polymorphism of gene StaT5 in Yaoshan Chicken had some correlation with reproduction traits, which would lay a foundation for high-yield chicken selection through molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 148 accessions representing six important species of the genus Stylosanthes, including S. guianensis, S. hamata, S. scabra, S. seabrana, S. macrocephala, and S. capitata, were used to evaluate genetic variation and relationships using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers. The results showed that the 18 selected primer pairs generated 138 distinct fragments. The fragment sizes ranged from 150 to 2000 bp. Genetic similarity coefficients among the 148 accessions ranged from 0.51 to 0.99, with an average of 0.79. The effective allele number (ne) generated by the 18 primer pairs averaged 1.3552 and ranged from 1.2069 to 1.6080; Nei's gene diversity (He) ranged from 0.1304 to 0.3207, with an average of 0.2070; and Shannon's information index (I) averaged 0.3213 and ranged from 0.2233 to 0.4582. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages at the 0.69 similarity level separated the 148 accessions into two distinct groups. One group belonged to S. guianensis, and the other group belonged to the non- S. guianensis type. This study verified that Stylosanthes have rich genetic variation, which is an excellent basis for Stylosanthes breeding for new cultivars. This study demonstrates that the SRAP technique is a reliable tool for differentiating Stylosanthes accessions and for discerning genetic relationship among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]