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The present review presents important research work carried out relating to potential applications of nanostructures loaded conductive polymer composite materials, particularly the nanocomposites of polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, Chitosan and Cellulose based polymers. Wide literature data is abstracted in this review pertaining to synthesis of nanocomposites, target analysts, sensitivity of the reported electrode material and the contribution of conducting polymer to achieve high efficiency. A significant attention has been given to the conductive polymer composites in the detection of pathogenic microorganism and their DNA, particularly through electrochemical methods.

Fabrication of conducting polymer networks based on polypyrrole/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PPy/MWCNTs) modified graphite electrodes that were achieved with a single‐step electropolymerization and potential use of these electrodes for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) recognition and anticancer drug (Paclitaxel, PTX) quantification were presented in the present work. PPy/MWCNTs nanohybrid PGEs were constructed in aqueous solution of pyrrole (Py) and MWCNTs using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant potential electrolysis. So‐formed electrodes were characterized with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Surface morphologies of the surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Bio‐application of the PPy/MWCNTs nanohybrid modified PGEs were accomplished by subjecting them to double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) modification for direct DNA recognition and PTX determination. For the drug determination, interaction of DNA‐based electrodes with PTX was investigated. Detection limit was found as 1.55 x 10−8 M based on the changes in the oxidation of guanine base which made the proposed electrode convenient for clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (HAP NCs) were encapsulated by poly(allyl methacrylate) (PolyAMA) employing controlled surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization of allyl methacrylate to afford HAP-PolyAMA nanohybrids. The subsequent thiol–ene coupling of nanohybrids with 2-mercaptosuccinic acid resulted HAP-Poly(AMA-COOH) possessing multicarboxyl group. The formation of the nanohybrids was confirmed by FT-IR and EDS analyses. The TGA and FE-SEM investigation were further suggested the grafting of PolyAMA onto HAP NCs. The utility of the HAP-PolyAMA nanohybrid as drug carrier was also explored. The pendant carboxyl groups on the external layers of nanohybrids were conjugated with anticancer drug cisplatin to afford HAP-Poly(AMA-COOH)/Pt complex. The formation of the complex was confirmed by FT-IR, XPS, and FE-SEM. In vitro evaluation of the synthesized complex as nanomedicine revealed its potential chemotherapeutic efficacy against cancer cell lines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]