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Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global warming is a result of the increased emission of greenhouse gases. The consequences of this climate change threaten society, biodiversity, food and resource availability. The consequences include an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and cardiovascular mortality.In this position paper, we summarize the data from the main studies that assess the risks of a temperature increase or heat waves in CV events (CV mortality, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and CV hospitalizations), as well as the data concerning air pollution as an enhancer of temperature-related CV risks. The data currently support global warming/heat waves (extreme temperatures) as cardiovascular threats. Achieving neutrality in emissions to prevent global warming is essential and it is likely to have an effect in the global health, including the cardiovascular health. Simultaneously, urgent steps are required to adapt the society and individuals to this new climatic context that is potentially harmful for cardiovascular health. Multidisciplinary teams should plan and intervene healthcare related to temperature changes and heat waves and advocate for a change in environmental health policy. Resumo: O aquecimento global é uma das consequências do aumento da emissão de gases com efeito de estufa. Essa consequência das alterações climáticas é uma ameaça à sociedade, à biodiversidade e à disponibilidade de recursos e alimentos. As consequências para a saúde do aquecimento global incluem o aumento do risco de doenças cardiovasculares (CV) e da mortalidade cardiovascular.Neste position paper resumimos os dados dos principais estudos que avaliam o risco do aumento de temperatura ou a exposição a ondas de calor nos eventos CV (mortalidade CV, enfarte do miocárdio, insuficiência cardíaca, acidente vascular cerebral e hospitalizações CV), assim como os dados relativos à poluição do ar como um potenciador dos riscos de eventos CV relacionados com o aumento da temperatura. Os dados atualmente disponíveis confirmam que o aquecimento global e as ondas de calor (temperaturas extremas) são ameaças cardiovasculares. Nesse contexto, a neutralidade nas emissões deve ser um objectivo prioritário, de modo a reduzir o aquecimento global e, desse modo, reduzir o seu impacto na saúde global, inclusive a saúde cardiovascular. Simultaneamente, deverão ser empregues medidas urgentes de adaptação setorial ao novo contexto climático, potencialmente mais nefasto para a saúde cardiovascular. Equipes multidisciplinares devem planear e intervir nos cuidados de saúde relacionados com o calor e discutir as políticas de saúde relacionadas com o ambiente.

Air pollution is a problem present in all socio-spatial contexts, affecting millions of people annually around the world. Intense urbanization and socio-environmental risks are linked to mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases aggravated by atypical contexts, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using mortality data from the Ministry of Health and atmospheric pollutants, we sought to identify the relationship between exposure to air pollution and deaths from COVID-19 in the Northern region of Brazil. The negative binomial mixed statistical model, with zero inflation (ZINB), was used for deaths from Covid-19 at the municipal level as a stage, and for the long-term average, atmospheric emissions (PM2,5, NO2, and O3). Included in the model are control variables, such as harmful, demographic, and health equipment variables. The results showed a positive association between deaths from COVID-19 and particulate matter (PM2,5) with an increase of around 1.15 µg/m³, as well as for the bipollutant models (O3 and NO2) and (PM2,5 and O3). The general analysis confirms the increase in atmospheric emissions without worsening and consequent mortality from COVID-19 for all municipalities in the Northern Region. The context also linked to low education, low income, low supply of beds and health professionals, goes back to the existing spatial selectivity, mainly for vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of our era's greatest menaces is pollution, particularly air pollution, on account of its negative impact on climate change which has greatly influenced morbidity, mortality, and has a devastating effect on health. Pollution and its impact on health is a major substratum of economic growth because it tends to have a crippling effect on the economy of countries that have overindulged in pollution-causing activities. Pollution-prone countries are countries that are known to dominate the manufacture and supply of goods, services, and raw materials and countries whose growth models are based on the availability of natural resources and their products. A perfect example of these types of countries is the group called the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). In this study, the mixed-method methodology was utilized in acquiring and analyzing secondary data on the economic growth and pollution in the BRICS countries, and case studies on the impact of pollution in certain parts of these countries were explored. The result of all the investigations showed that the creation of the NDB helped to preclude the "state of dependency" described by Andre Gunder Frank. We discovered that the high growth rate of the BRICS countries has had a negative impact on environmental quality over the years, industrialization and urbanization being the major factors influencing the growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of adsorption of toxic gases, including NO, NO2, and N2O molecules, by using boron nitride nanocages (B5N10_NC) doped with aluminum (Al), carbon (C), and silicon (Si) have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Based on nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) analysis, C-doped on B5N10_NC has shown the lowest fluctuation in electric potential and the highest negative atomic charge in NO@C–B4N10_NC, NO2@C–B4N10_NC, and N2O@C–B4N10_NC. Furthermore, the reported results of NMR spectroscopy have exhibited that the yield of electron accepting for doping atoms on the X–B4N10_NC through gas molecules adsorption can be ordered as Si > Al > C. Based on the results of (∆G°ads) amounts in this research, the maximum efficiency of Al, C, and Si atoms doping of B5N10_NC for gas molecules adsorption depends on the covalent bond between NO, NO2, N2O molecules and X–B4N10_NC as a potent sensor for air pollution elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os parques de tancagem de hidrocarbonetos geram impactos ambientais devido às emissões fugitivas de COV oriundas dos tanques, pois esses são projetados basicamente com critérios econômicos. As emissões de COV geram problemas de poluição do ar. Com o objetivo de estabelecer critérios ambientais para o desenvolvimento de projetos de tanques de armazenamento, visando a redução das emissões, foram estimadas as emissões de COV pelo software Tanks para três tipos de tanques de armazenamento de hidrocarbonetos. A configuração, distribuição de tancagem, cor e integridade da superfície para três produtos (gasolina, diesel e petróleo) foram avaliadas. O estudo indicou que a aplicação dos critérios ambientais resultam no aumento da eficiência de armazenamento, redução das perdas e minimização da poluição do ar. O uso dos critérios no dimensionamento dos tanques pode reduzir em torno de 50% as emissões de COV, dependendo do tipo de hidrocarboneto armazenado. Os critérios propostos na distribuição de volumes permitiriam reduções de até 80% e o revestimento adequado de até 40% das emissões de COV.

Objective: To identify sociodemographic, environmental, housing and environmental conditions related to nose or throat involvement of the population that lived in the area of influence of an urban road infrastructure project in Medellín, Colombia, 2017. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, with primary source of information. An assisted survey was applied to 170 adults, in homes selected through snowball sampling, who lived in a perimeter of up to 1.5 kilometers from the center of the work and who agreed to participate and signed informed consent. Analysis: qualitative and quantitative exploratory. Prevalence ratio (PR) calculation and Chi2 statistic association. Project approved by the Institutional Committee for Human Ethics of Universidad CES. Results: Prevalence of irritation of nose and/or throat was of 35.88%. An association (p<0.05) was identified between this condition, being younger, and being male (RP=0.50, CI=0.29;0.84). Higher prevalence of this condition was also associated with having poor perception of air quality during the construction work, doing physical activity outdoors, having a smoking habit, and the proximity of the home to the construction site. Conclusions: This road infrastructure project had a negative impact on the perception of physical health of the inhabitants of this area of influence. The implementation of strategies to positively impact public health would be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Air pollution is one of the main environmental risk factors for health and is linked to cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of mortality worldwide.In this position paper, we discuss the main air pollutants and how they can promote the development of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular events. We also summarise the main evidence supporting the association between air pollution and cardiovascular events, such as coronary events (acute coronary syndromes/myocardial infarction; chronic coronary syndromes), stroke, heart failure and mortality. Some recommendations are made based on these data and the European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention, acknowledging that it is important to increase awareness and literacy on this topic in Portugal. Resumo: A poluição do ar é um dos principais fatores de risco ambiental para a saúde e está associada à principal causa de morte em todo o mundo que são as doenças cardiovasculares. Neste position paper discutimos a forma como os principais poluentes atmosféricos podem promover o desenvolvimento de doenças ou eventos cardiovasculares. Também agregámos a melhor evidência que suporta a associação entre poluição do ar e eventos cardiovasculares, como eventos coronários (síndromes coronárias agudas/enfarte do miocárdio; síndromes coronárias crónicas), acidente vascular cerebral, insuficiência cardíaca e o risco de morte. Foram feitas recomendações de acordo com a evidência, os dados nacionais e as orientações da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia sobre prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, reconhecendo que é importante aumentar a sensibilização e literacia sobre este tema em Portugal.

Air quality management plans are instruments used by governments to address the problem of air pollution. In the Valle de Aburrá, Colombia, there is no exception. Some factors have led to the declaration of atmospheric episodes. Unfortunately, despite all efforts, these events continue to occur. This reality demanded comparisons of the air quality plans of this region with those of other regions of the world. Three hundred seventy-four actions in the management plans of 15 cities were reviewed and compared with 58 policy measures of the corresponding plan of this valley. During the analysis, fourteen types of action groups were statistically validated and found consistent with some included in the reviewed plans. Moreover, a discriminant analysis yielded similar and non-matching sets of measures. In general terms, the study found a significant level of similarity among action plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to associate environmental factors with hospitalizations and deaths from cerebrovascular disease in residents of the city of Nova Iguaçu. Methods: observational, retrospective, and analytical study. Air quality databases (PM10) from INEA, data on hospitalizations and deaths from DATASUS, due to cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) contained in ICD X (subchapters I63-I66 and I69) were used. Statistical inference was used as causes of hospitalizations and deaths from CVD divided by sex considering p-value = 0.05. Environmental factors were correlated with hospitalizations and deaths from CVD. Statistical analyzes used SPSS IBM 25 software and graphic design for Excel and R studio. Results: Average annual PM10 averages exceeded CONAMA standards by 4.4 times. Males had a higher number of hospitalizations and deaths from cerebrovascular diseases, and in younger age groups, women. The correlation between upper air and hospitalizations was very strong positive (r = 0.990) and with deaths was positive and weak (r = 0.320). Conclusion: Despite the reduction in PM10 concentrations over the years, the values exceeded CONAMA standards, correlating with the increase in hospitalizations and deaths from CVD in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestão e Desenvolvimento (18075436) is the property of Universidade Feevale and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: As mortes atribuíveis à poluição do ar em longo prazo chegam a 9 milhões ao ano, concentrando-se principalmente em países de baixa e média renda como o Brasil. Classifica-se a poluição do ar em: domiciliar (indoor) ou ambiente (outdoor). A inalação de poluentes está relacionada com o aumento da incidência e desenvolvimento de condições clínicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e outras, que fazem parte da prática da medicina de família e comunidade. Objetivo: Verificar as evidências clínicas para a abordagem da poluição do ar relacionada à saúde humana no contexto da prática na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão de escopo do papel clínico da medicina de família e comunidade em relação à poluição do ar e saúde, voltada para questões clínicas associadas com a poluição do ar. Incluíram-se 35 artigos nesta revisão. Recomendações clínicas: Em nível individual, destacam-se a redução do uso de fogões a lenha, o uso de estratégias de proteção de fontes poluidoras (como queimadas, vias de trânsito e indústria), a filtragem do ar, o estímulo ao transporte ativo, a cessação do tabagismo. Essas recomendações devem ser complementares às políticas governamentais relacionadas à poluição do ar. Propõem-se perguntas para a entrevista clínica. Exploram-se recomendações específicas sobre uso de máscaras, atividade física e COVID-19. Sugerem-se temas de pesquisa que podem ser realizadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde e o papel da medicina de família e comunidade nesse contexto. Considerações: A inclusão na classificação internacional de atenção primária e no Código internacional de Doenças poderia melhorar a notificação e os estudos epidemiológicos sobre o assunto.

RESUMO O Material Particulado (MP) está entre os principais contaminantes do ar. A Infraestrutura Verde (IV) vem sendo reconhecida como alternativa para melhorar a qualidade do ar. As árvores podem afetar diretamente os níveis de MP, interceptando partículas em sua superfície. Devido a essa capacidade, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo contribuir com informações sobre a viabilidade da vegetação verde para interceptar e identificar as principais fontes de poluentes atmosféricos. Amostras de cascas de árvores de parques urbanos de São Paulo (SP) foram utilizadas como monitor biológico de poluentes atmosféricos. Foi observado um decaimento exponencial das concentrações e aprisionamento de poluentes em direção à região mais interna dos parques. Além disso, foi possível distinguir a emissão de veículos leves das emissões de veículos pesados. O baixo custo do monitoramento e sua eficácia mostram que a IV ocupa papel de destaque na melhoria da saúde e a qualidade de vida das pessoas, bem como nas ações que buscam atenuar os efeitos da poluição do ar em cidades de médio e grande porte.

RESUMO Este artigo descreve as condições atuais da rede de monitoramento de qualidade do ar no Brasil. Os resultados revelam que apenas dez estados e o DF realizam o monitoramento através de 371 estações ativas - 80% delas na Região Sudeste. Outras informações relevantes são: (i) 41,2% das estações nacionais são privadas; no estado do Rio de Janeiro elas representam 60% do total de suas estações, enquanto no estado de São Paulo, 100% das estações são públicas; (ii) o MP10 é o poluente mais monitorado em 62,8% das estações e o MP2,5 em apenas 25,9% delas; e, (iii) a comunicação dos dados de monitoramento em tempo real à população ocorre em cinco estados. Após trinta anos de sua criação, a Rede Nacional de Qualidade do Ar encontra-se incompleta, e insuficientemente implantada, inviabilizando uma adequada gestão da qualidade do ar pelos órgãos ambientais.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo modelar e prever a concentração de Material Particulado Inalável (PM10), a fim de analisar a capacidade preditiva dos modelos de séries temporais: ARMAX, ARIMA, Alisamento Exponencial Simples, Biparamétrico e Holt-Winters. Os dados que compõem as séries analisadas pertencem a Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental (FEPAM), referente ao município de Canoas-RS, no ano de 2014. Os modelos foram ajustados com auxílio do software RStudio. Como resultados, constatou-se que o modelo ARMAX, com a inclusão de variáveis exógenas (Monóxido de carbono (CO) e Dióxido de enxofre (SO2)), produziu melhores resultados de previsão em relação aos seus concorrentes para a variável PM10. Também, verificou-se que modelos de séries temporais da Classe ARMA e ARMAX podem ser utilizados para previsão da PM10, entretanto os modelos da classe de Alisamento Exponencial não são recomendados, pois não se ajustaram adequadamente as séries em estudo. Palavras-chave: Poluição; previsão; séries temporais.

Objective: This research aimed to establish the spatial distribution of morbidity and mortality attributable to particulate matter (pm2.5) air pollution in Medellín between 2010 and 2016. Methodology: An ecological study was proposed. Addresses of patients treated and deceased due to events of interest were standardized. Heat maps were used, through Kernel density analysis per residential units for areas of 10,000 m2. Results: 45,487 cases and 2,743 deaths attributable to pm2.5 air pollution with geographic location data were found. The southwestern area of the city presented the highest event densities attributable to all causes studied and by group of events, with some small areas in other places. On the other hand, the southeastern area, with the best socioeconomic conditions, showed the lowest concentration of attributable events. Conclusion: Geocoded information of morbidity and mortality by residential units made it possible to establish the distribution of cases and deaths attributable to pm2.5 air pollution in Medellín, with a greater concentration in the southwestern part of the city, which makes the presence of territorial disparities in this phenomenon observable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo analisa as estratégias e as hipointervenções utilizadas pelos moradores da Fercal, no Distrito Federal, Brasil, para lidar com a presença ubíqua, desigual e contínua da poluição do ar por partículas totais em suspensão (PTS), derivada da atuação de duas fábricas de cimento locais, a Votorantim Cimento e a Cimento Planalto (Ciplan). A pesquisa foi operacionalizada através da realização de 30 entrevistas semiestruturadas, entre os anos de 2017 e 2018. Levando em consideração o caráter lento e contínuo deste tipo de toxicidade, ressaltamos as relações de assimetria, sentimentos de desconfiança e de frustração com a insolubilidade da poluição do ar entre população, fábricas e o poder público, indicando que práticas de limpeza, de cuidado comunitário e negociações feitas diretamente com as empresas foram formas encontradas pelo público para permanecer com alguma qualidade de vida em um local insalubre

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study quantified the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the broiler chicken chain, considering the hybrid input-output matrix of Mato Grosso do Sul, using data from 2015. The intensity of carbon dioxide emissions for 7 sectors of the state economy is calculated, in addition to calculating the key sectors using the Rasmussen-Hirschman linkage indices. The broiler chicken chain has total emission effects of 32.50 t CO2 for every R$ 1 million added to economic activities related to the production chain and the linkage indices had impacts on the increase in CO2 emissions in the previous links of the production chain. The results provide information on economic and environmental impacts arising from investments in the production chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text aims to discuss the environmental issue of air quality from the concepts of risks and vulnerabilities within geographic science. The study, from a theoretical approach, carry out a conceptual review related to air pollution based on case studies from several different cities across Brazil, and Cubatão on the southeast Brazilian coast. At first, the main risks related to this environmental problem, which are divided into aesthetic, irritating and toxic risks, are presented. While aesthetic risks are related with the degradation of buildings, while the others are directly linked to human health. In sequence, the article purposes to analyse the factors that affect the increase or decrease of the vulnerability of the populations confronted with such a problem. The complexity of this issue, admitted as a direct result of the production logic of the capitalist urban space (with the valorization of consumption and socio-spatial segregation, among other factors), directly or indirectly affects the levels of vulnerability of the population and places, justifying the need for a geographical approach to such socio-environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A poluição do ar é provocada por diversos fatores antropogénicos e tem consequências para a saúde humana. Os veículos motorizados constituem uma das principais fontes antropogénicas de emissão de poluentes atmosféricos. O monóxido de carbono, a matéria particulada e os óxidos de azoto são alguns dos principais poluentes responsáveis pela degradação da qualidade do ar em meios urbanos. Os transportes mais utilizados nas grandes cidades em Portugal são o autocarro, a bicicleta, o carro e o metro. Através de uma revisão de estudos de vários locais do mundo verificou-se que o carro e o metro são os transportes que apresentaram as maiores concentrações de poluentes atmosféricos, enquanto no autocarro se detetaram as menores concentrações em relação a todos os poluentes analisados. As elevadas concentrações de cada poluente estão dependentes de diferentes fatores, como o aumento da densidade do tráfego, a localização dos tubos de escape dos veículos, as condições de ventilação, o desgaste dos pneus, das rodas nos carris do metro e do sistema de travagem, a proximidade das ciclovias à faixa de rodagem, entre outros. Também se verificou que a bicicleta é o meio de transporte que envolve as maiores doses inaladas, embora seja o meio de transporte mais benéfico para a saúde. É, portanto, necessário definir adequadamente a localização das ciclovias e adotar medidas, como a utilização de barreiras entre a faixa de rodagem e as ciclovias.

Air pollution is caused by several anthropogenic factors and has consequences for human health. Motor vehicles are one of the main sources of anthropogenic emissions of atmospheric pollutants. Carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and nitrogen oxides are some of the main air pollutants responsible for the degradation of the air quality in urban areas. The transport most used in major cities in Portugal are bus, bicycle, car, and subway. Through a review of studies from various parts of the world, it was found that the car and the subway are the transports with the highest concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, while the bus was the transport with the lowest concentrations in relation to all the pollutants analyzed. High concentrations of each pollutant are dependent on different factors such as increased traffic density, location of the exhaust pipes of vehicles, the ventilation conditions, wear of the wheels of the rail and the braking system, the proximity of bicycle paths to traffic lanes, among others. It was also found that the bicycle is the means of transport that involves the highest inhaled doses, although it is the most beneficial means of transport for health. It is, therefore, necessary to properly define the location of bike paths and adopt measures such as the use of barriers between the roadway and bike paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería Solidaria is the property of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Humidity and temperature are fundamental for the balance in the life cycle of living beings and, consequently, for maintaining the well-being of the human population and reducing the prevalence of infectious diseases. Thus, in order to mitigate the impact of climate change, especially in the period when humidity is not the ideal, it is necessary to adopt some assistance measures. The present experimental study aims to elucidate what would be the recommended option to improve the quality of life of the human being and to clarify which resources (air humidifier, bucket of water or wet towel) will be effective to improve the humidity of the air in times of drought and low moisture. Methods: The experimental study was carried out with INKBIRD hygrometers allowing the analysis of the variation of air humidity throughout the day. Three forms of treatment were established: humidifier, wet towel and bucket of water. In each room, two hygrometers were placed equidistant from the occupant of the room and their respective treatment that varied between 1m and 2m away from the headboard indoor each room. In addition, two environments were used as controls, one being an external environment and the other an internal closed environment, totaling five rooms for the study. The rooms were monitored between the end of July and the end of August 2019 in Goiania (GO). Results: Although assistance measures are used to significantly improve air pollution in times of extreme drought, there was a significant difference between them. The humidifier and a wet towel had 7.50% and 5.71% more humidity in the external relation (external control), respectively, more efficient. The volume of water, however, did not show significant difference (p>0.05) and, therefore, there was no variation. Conclusion: The humidifier and the towel are treatments considered more efficient, and that there was a significant effect of distance on humidity. Therefore, 1m of distance is more efficient in increasing and/or maintaining air humidity, inducing improvements in the populations’ health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A exposição ao material particulado fino (MP2,5) está associada a inúmeros desfechos à saúde. Desta forma, monitoramento da concentração ambiental do MP2,5 é importante, especialmente em áreas amplamente industrializadas, pois abrigam potenciais emissores do MP2,5 e de substâncias com potencial de aumentar a toxicidade de partículas já suspensas. O objetivo desta pesquisa é estimar a concentração diária do MP2,5 em três áreas de influência do Complexo Industrial e Portuário do Pecém (CIPP), Ceará, Brasil. Foi aplicado um modelo de regressão não linear para a estimativa do MP2,5, por meio de dados de profundidade óptica monitorados por satélite. As estimativas foram realizadas em três áreas de influência (Ai) do CIPP (São Gonçalo do Amarante - Ai I, Paracuru e Paraipaba - Ai II e Caucaia - Ai III, no período de 2006 a 2017. As médias anuais das concentrações estimadas foram inferiores ao estabelecido pela legislação nacional em todas as Ai (8µg m-3). Em todas as Ai, os meses referentes ao período de seca (setembro a fevereiro) apresentaram as maiores concentrações e uma predominância de ventos leste para oeste. Os meses que compreendem o período de chuva (março a agosto) apresentaram as menores concentrações e ventos menos definidos. As condições meteorológicas podem exercer um papel importante nos processos de remoção, dispersão ou manutenção das concentrações do material particulado na região. Mesmo com baixas concentrações estimadas, é importante avaliar a constituição das partículas finas dessa região, bem como sua possível associação a efeitos adversos à saúde da população local.

Introdução: A interação da pele com poluentes atmosféricos tem demonstrado efeitos na barreira cutânea, assim como o desencadeamento de processos oxidativos relacionados ao envelhecimento prematuro da pele. O receptor de aril hidrocarbonetos (ArH) é proteína de transcrição que interage com os xenobióticos, regulando a transcrição de genes envolvidos com estresse oxidativo, inflamação, imunossupressão e pigmentação, além de levar a processos relacionados ao envelhecimento e carcinogênese. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia antipoluente de uma associação antioxidante na prevenção da translocação nuclear do receptor AhR Métodos: Um modelo in vitro (cultura de queratinócitos) foi exposto à fumaça de cigarro, e a presença de AhR foi medida por ensaio Elisa-sanduíche. Resultados: A cultura tratada demonstrou inibição da translocação nuclear do AhR em todas as concentrações avaliadas: aumentos de ArH de 75,38%; 59,88% e 117,79% são observados nas concentrações de 0,316; 0,100 e 0,0316mg/ml, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem a capacidade da formulação avaliada em prevenir a ativação de genes responsáveis pelos efeitos nocivos da fumaça de cigarro.

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na análise dos principais determinantes em saúde atingidos pelo Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Veículos Automotores (PROCONVE), da evolução temporal dos níveis de material particulado < 10 μm, dióxido de enxofre, dióxido de nitrogênio e ozônio; e dos dados de saúde cardiorrespiratória, para o município de São Paulo, entre 2000 e 2011. Foi utilizada a metodologia de Avaliação de Impacto à Saúde com consulta à literatura e a bancos de dados públicos (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde — DATASUS, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística — IBGE e Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental de São Paulo — CETESB). Com exceção do ozônio, os poluentes material particulado < 10 μm, dióxido de nitrogênio e dióxido de enxofre se encontraram em declínio ao longo do período de estudo. A morbidade por doenças respiratórias aumentou no período, exceto as internações por asma. Observou-se um declínio para a mortalidade cardiovascular, enquanto houve estabilidade da taxa de óbitos por doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Conclui-se que o PROCONVE é um programa importante para a manutenção e a diminuição das concentrações de poluentes atmosféricos.

Air pollution is currently a major global concern due to increased industrialization and its consequences for the environment. The Asian continent in particular has become one of the main affected by this type of pollution and its impacts, with many countries like China and South Korea seeking to reduce the causes of this problem. South Korea is a country particularly affected by particles, especially during changing seasons. In the article, the origins of these emissions and impacts on South Korean society were discussed, such as social habits and behaviors. The mitigation practices developed by the country to tackle this problem have shown positive results, but they are still insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WHO had announced on the 11th of March that COVID-19 was considered a pandemic disease. At this stage, around 37 million cases and one million deaths were confirmed worldwide (in October 2020). To try to avoid the contagion of the population, all governments around the world had applied several social and hygienic recommendations, as well as mandatory measures. All of this had a huge impact not only on people's lifestyles but also on the environment. Based on PRISMA methodology, this study aims to identify the main impacts of coronavirus on air quality. Seven articles had accomplished all inclusion criteria and were deeply studied. In general, all air quality pollutants had decreased during the (partial) lockdown, showing a positive impact on air quality worldwide. In areas associated with urban traffic, the differences before/during lockdown became significant for the CO (-53.1%), PM10 (-22.8%), PM2.5 (-29.8%) and NO2 (-54.3%). Similar results were observed all around the world. Although this statement, the authors are aware of the extremely negative impact that all this situation has on the social and economic point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: World Health Organization establishes that air pollution is the greatest environmental threat to physical human health. Aim: To critically reflect on psychological implications of air pollution. It was weighted air pollution perception against anxiety symptoms, with a special look on Puerto Ricans inhabitants. Method: a theoretical review between 1990 and 2018 was carried out and also a reflection on the findings with special attention to psychology's role as a discipline that promotes social transformation. Results: air pollution affects countries worldwide. It is not known which period of time counts as biologically relevant to be exposed to particulate matter. A prolonged exposure could have greater effects on mental health. Air pollution and anxiety symptoms has been studied recently, although without conclusive empirical evidence. Conclusions: reflect on the consequences of air pollution on mental health is worthy if one aspires to a better quality of life and a healthy environment. A call is made to psychological community to consider environmental factors in the clinical context as variables that have an impact on the individual's well being and behavior, to consider alternate therapetics and to perform an active role in community's fights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the effect of air pollution on heart rate variability in overweight individuals. Methods: A total of 46 adult individuals, both sexes, aged between 18 and 49 years and with body mass index >25kg/m² were analyzed. All volunteers were students from public schools of two cities in the state of São Paulo. The clinical, demographic and anthropometric data of each individual, as well as heart rate variability through time domain, geometric and frequency indices were collected. For the air quality analysis, the following variables were investigated: concentration of carbon dioxide, particulate matter, temperature and relative humidity. The analysis was carried out with descriptive and analytical statistics, adopting a level of significance of 5%. Results: There was a reduction in overall heart rate variability in overweight individuals by the following indices: mean standard deviation of all normal RR intervals, long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals, ratio of short-and long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals. In addition, the indices responsible for parasympathetic control showed a downward trend in their values, as well as the low frequency index, which represented sympathetic action, although not significant. Conclusion: Overweight individuals exposed to air pollution had lower heart rate variability than the Control Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central subject of this article is the historical study of the relationship established, in the 1940s and 1970s, between the city of São Paulo that was becoming metropolitan and for that purpose it was back to the construction of its industrial park and the consequences of this process in the life of its population, as well as the cooling of diseases. In this context, it is intended to point out how transformations of this scale, such as air pollution emitted by automobiles, but, above all, by factories, inside and outside their work spaces, impacted the health of the working population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Atmospheric pollution is an environmental problem that negatively affects health. Objective: To associate the levels of atmospheric pollution with respiratory morbidity. Materials and Methods: An ecological observational study was conducted with the urban population of the city of Cochabamba from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2016. Data was collected through the Cochabamba Air Quality Monitoring Network (Semapa, Coña Coña and Kanata Park stations) and the Viedma Clinical Hospital. The statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation test. Results: The average number of weekly cases of respiratory diseases showed a very weak positive correlation with a weekly average of PM10 in the three atmospheric monitoring stations (r = 0.181, p < 0.004; r = 0.242, p < 0.001; r = 0.183, p < 0.011) and a weak or very weak positive correlation with a weekly average of NO2 recorded every hour (r = 0.365, p < 0.000; r = 0.127, p < 0.05). A weak negative correlation with the weekly average of RH (r = -0.388, p < 0.000) and a very weak correlation with the weekly average of precipitations (r = -0.250, p < 0.000) was also consistently observed. Discussion and Conclusions: A weak or very weak positive linear correlation was observed between the weekly admissions due to respiratory diseases and the average of atmospheric pollutants over the period 2012-2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a qualidade do ar no município de Charqueadas, localizado na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, através dos dados de rotina de duas estações de monitoramento ambiental operadas pela Tractebel Energia, uma na cidade de Charqueadas e outra no município de Triunfo. Os resultados de partículas totais em suspensão (PTS) e partículas inaláveis (PM10) foram comparados com a Resolução CONAMA 03/1990 e a partir de amostras de material particulado total, foram realizadas análises de espectroscopia atômica e espectroscopia dispersiva de raio –X para identificar os elementos presentes no ar ambiente e sua relação com as principais fontes de emissão da região. As análises mostraram que a qualidade do ar observada na Estação localizada em Triunfo é melhor do que a observada na Estação de Charqueadas. Os dados obtidos indicam que há um reflexo positivo na qualidade do ar relacionado a implantação das tecnologias que reduziram as emissões de poluentes para a atmosfera. A análise das amostras revelou a presença de partículas de origem natural e antropogênica, entre os elementos analisados, os de maior concentração foram Fe e Mn nos dois locais avaliados, embora outros elementos químicos característicos de áreas urbanas industriais também tenham sido identificados. Com relação a caracterização morfológica das partículas de PTS as imagens obtidas mostram a presença de partículas heterogêneas com diferentes formas e tamanhos, os elementos predominantes foram o silício e o alumínio, no caso do silício está presente na composição dos filtros de fibra de vidro utilizados na amostragem

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Several effects of exposure to air pollutants on human health are known. The aim of this study was to identify whether exposure of pregnant women to air pollutants contributes towards low birth weight and which sex is more affected. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study using data on newborns from mothers living in São José do Rio Preto (SP) who were exposed to air pollutants in 2012-2013. METHODS: A hierarchical model on three levels was built using maternal and newborn variables and environmental concentrations of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in quartiles. Preterm new-borns, twins and newborns with birth defects were excluded and exposure windows of 30, 60 and 90 days before delivery were considered. RESULTS: 8,948 newborns were included: 4,491 males (50.2%) and 4,457 females (49.8%); 301 newborns presented low birth weight (3.4%). The mean weight differed between males (3281.0 g) and females (3146.4 g) (P < 0.001). Exposure to ozone was significantly associated with low birth weight in both sexes in the 30-day window (odds ratio, OR = 1.38) and 90-day window (OR = 1.48); and among females, in the 30-day window (OR = 1.58) and 90-day window (OR = 1.59). Exposure to particulate matter had a paradoxical protective effect. No association was found among male newborns. CONCLUSIONS: Female newborns showed greater susceptibility to maternal exposure to air pollutants. Studies on low birth weight in relation to maternal exposure to air pollutants should deal with males and females separately.

A Revista Lancet Countdown: Acompanhando o Progresso em Saúde e Mudanças Climáticas é uma colaboração internacional multidisciplinar que objetiva monitorar as relações entre saúde pública e mudanças climáticas. Reúne 35 instituições acadêmicas e agências das Nações Unidas de todos os continentes, embasando-se na expertise de climatologistas, engenheiros, economistas, cientistas políticos, profissionais de saúde pública e médicos. Todos os anos, a Lancet Countdown publica uma avaliação anual do estado das mudanças climáticas e da saúde humana, procurando oferecer aos tomadores de decisão acesso a orientações para uma política baseada em evidência de alta qualidade.

Global warming is a result of the increased emission of greenhouse gases. The consequences of this climate change threaten society, biodiversity, food and resource availability. The consequences include an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and cardiovascular mortality. In this position paper, we summarize the data from the main studies that assess the risks of a temperature increase or heat waves in CV events (CV mortality, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and CV hospitalizations), as well as the data concerning air pollution as an enhancer of temperature-related CV risks. The data currently support global warming/heat waves (extreme temperatures) as cardiovascular threats. Achieving neutrality in emissions to prevent global warming is essential and it is likely to have an effect in the global health, including the cardiovascular health. Simultaneously, urgent steps are required to adapt the society and individuals to this new climatic context that is potentially harmful for cardiovascular health. Multidisciplinary teams should plan and intervene healthcare related to temperature changes and heat waves and advocate for a change in environmental health policy., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

As emissões de poluentes nas vias com alta densidade de tráfego notabilizaram-se como uma das potenciais fontes de poluição do ar nas cidades. Baseado em simulações com o modelo de dispersão atmosférica (CAL3QHC) foram encontradas na área central de Aracaju concentrações de MP10 máxima até 120 µg m-3, que violam as normas nacionais e, portanto, com possíveis efeitos prejudiciais na saúde humana. Além disso, demostrou que a redução de 60% do fluxo de tráfego de automóveis nas vias de circulação mais congestionadas pode reduzir em até 70 µg m-3 as concentrações de MP10 e o aumento de 9% de árvores pode remover 16.8 kg anual de MP10 com o benefício econômico de R$ 390 reais, usando a ferramenta I-Tree Canopy. Os resultados simulados podem ser um complemento importante para a implementação de ações de controle à poluição do ar, como por exemplo, a instalação de uma rede mais densa de monitoramento da qualidade do ar na cidade.

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the behavioral changes of male and female adult rats exposed to fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM≤2,5) suspended in air pollution during development. Wistar rats aged 7 postnatal days were exposed to the chamber of an atmospheric particle concentrator. Open field tests and sucrose preference tests were performed to assess the presence of anxiety and depression behaviors. Male rats from the pollution group showed reduced locomotor activity and length of stay in the open field center when compared to the control group. The sucrose preference test showed statistical significance between the pollution and control groups (male+female), and among the males of the pollution and control group. The study concluded that exposure to PM≤2.5 causes behavioral changes characteristic of depression and anxiety in adult male rats exposed during the developmental period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]