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The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of biochemical, hormonal and oxidative parameters in the blood of cattle from the point of view of nonspecific resistance of animals under the action of technological stress. Technological stress was accompanied by the entry of cortisol into the blood, a significant intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, a decrease in the activity of the antioxidant system of the blood, and a change in the nonspecific resistance of the animal organism. On day 1 after technological stress, the content of cortisol and the level of DC in the blood increased by 2 times, an increase in MDA and OR, a decrease in catalase and reduced glutathione were observed. The most pronounced changes were recorded on days 3-14 after technological stress. The animals showed neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia and appearance of NEToses on days 3 and 14 after technological stress. On the 3rd day after technological stress, an increase in lysozyme activity of blood serum and a decrease in bactericidal activity were shown. Preservation of reduced indicators of reduced glutathione and lysozyme activity while maintaining cortisol at the upper limit of indicators relative to the initial values was recorded by 30 days in cows after technological stress. The data obtained indicate that the body’s defenses are a dynamic physiological indicator, which must be taken into account as a general resistance of the cattle body to stressors in order to prevent the disruption of the body’s adaptive capabilities.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. An early feature of the AD pathology is the dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in neurons. In particular, increased Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum-located Ca2+ channels, including inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate type 1 receptors (IP3R1) and ryanodine receptors type 2 (RyR2), have been extensively reported. Known for its anti-apoptotic properties, Bcl-2 also has the ability to bind to and inhibit the Ca2+-flux properties of IP3Rs and RyRs. In this study, the hypothesis that the expression of Bcl-2 proteins can normalize dysregulated Ca2+ signaling in a mouse model of AD (5xFAD) and thereby prevent or slow the progression of AD was examined. Therefore, stereotactic injections of adeno-associated viral vectors expressing Bcl-2 proteins were performed in the CA1 region of the 5xFAD mouse hippocampus. In order to assess the importance of the association with IP3R1, the Bcl-2K17D mutant was also included in these experiments. This K17D mutation has been previously shown to decrease the association of Bcl-2 with IP3R1, thereby impairing its ability to inhibit IP3R1 while not affecting Bcl-2′s ability to inhibit RyRs. Here, we demonstrate that Bcl-2 protein expression leads to synaptoprotective and amyloid-protective effects in the 5xFAD animal model. Several of these neuroprotective features are also observed by Bcl-2K17D protein expression, suggesting that these effects are not associated with Bcl-2-mediated inhibition of IP3R1. Potential mechanisms for this Bcl-2 synaptoprotective action may be related to its ability to inhibit RyR2 activity as Bcl-2 and Bcl-2K17D are equally potent in inhibiting RyR2-mediated Ca2+ fluxes. This work indicates that Bcl-2-based strategies hold neuroprotective potential in AD models, though the underlying mechanisms requires further investigation.

Background. This paper raises the problem of diagnosing character types (CT) using the MMPI test. The usual MMPI test consists of 600 questions and takes at least 1.5 hours, where the employer depends on the self-esteem of the test taker, and the retest reliability of the MMPI has not been established. Materials and methods. This paper researches the possibility of determining one of the eight CT by MMPI by a photo with trained convolutional neural network (CNN). To do this, using theoretical and methodological analysis, the most accurate tool for measuring the typology of personality traits was selected, after which a dataset was collected with photos of people who agreed to participate in the experiment and passed double testing. Next, a neural network was trained on the resulting dataset consisting of 40,581 photos. Results. The convolutional neural network (CNN) created by us correctly recognized 30 % of the 8116 photos provided to it with higher speed. Conclusions. Obtained results are comparable with estimated accuracy of paper testing and show the prospects of this approach.

The problem of comorbidity becomes especially relevant in the conditions of demographic aging of the population. In recent years the number of studies devoted to diagnostic and treatment features of comorbidities, especially in elderly and senile patients, has increased. In spite of this fact, until now there are no clear recommendations for the management of comorbidities in the therapeutic practice.The article is devoted to the presentation and discussion of a clinical case of a comorbid patient with arterial hypertension. The stages of the performed diagnostic search with verification of the clinical diagnosis and the tactics of the prescribed pharmacotherapy are presented. On the basis of the presented data it is shown that exacerbation of one of the chronic diseases of the patient’s general comorbid background may significantly increase the severity of the general pathology and in its turn will determine the prognosis and influence the treatment tactics. The complexity of this case is that the patient has chronic single kidney disease in the stage of chronic renal failure. In analysing this case, it is also important to note the difficulties in the choice of drug therapy, as this situation poses significant limitations in the use of many drugs. This is a challenge that every clinician faces on a daily basis, regardless of clinical experience and medical knowledge. Only a multilevel approach will enable comprehensive medical and social care to be organised for patients with co-morbidities with chronic diseases, provide follow-up not only during exacerbations but also during remissions, contribute to the prevention of exacerbations and complications, which will consequently improve prognosis and quality of life.

Abstract Research aim To study the RBCs functional and metabolic parameters and the microcirculatory brain structure at traumatic brain injury (TBI) under the action of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate. Methods A closed TBI was modeled by the free fall of a load on the parietooccipital regions of head. We made studies of the influence of 2-ethil-6-methil-3-hydroxipiridin succinate on aggregation and electrophoretic mobility of RBCs, catalase activity, malonic dialdehyde concentration, adenosine triphosphate and 2.3-biphosphoglycerate (2.3 – BPG) concentrations in RBCs. The state of parenchyma and microcirculatory brain mainstream in post-traumatic period of TBI have been studied on micro-preparations. Results The use of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate under conditions of head injury leads to a decrease in MDA concentration and in aggregation of RBCs, to an increase in the 2.3—BPG concentration and RBC electrophoretic mobility compared to the control (group value). The most pronounced changes under the action of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate were observed 3–7 days after the TBI. Significant indicators of the restoration of the microvasculature and brain tissue provoked by the use of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate of were evident from the 7th day unlike the control group, where the restoration of structural morphological parameters was observed only on the 12th day of the post-traumatic period. Fast recovery of blood flow under the action of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate ensured effective restoration of neurons and glia in comparison with the control group. Conclusions Early and long-term cytoprotective correction intensifies the oxygen transport function of the blood, prevents and / or reduces disorders of microvessels, neurons and glia in the post-traumatic period, thereby provides correction of hypoxic state and drives to the restoration of brain tissues homeostasis.

Introduction. The problem of gastric ulcer is of particular socio-economic importance and has a tremendous impact on the quality of life of people. The relevance of our study is due to an increase in the incidence of peptic ulcer in the population, the variability of the clinical picture depending on the age category of patients, and the peculiarities of the treatment of this gastrointestinal pathology.The aim of the study is to study the features of the course of gastric ulcer in different age groups of patients under dispensary supervision in the outpatient department of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Moldova “Republican Clinical Hospital No. 5” in the period from 2017 to 2020.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of outpatient records of 100 patients of different age groups with gastric ulcer who were under dispensary observation at the outpatient clinic of the Republican Clinical Hospital No. 5 in Saransk in 2017– 2020 was carried out. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel program.Results and discussion. It was found that gastric ulcer is more often observed in middle-aged and elderly patients and is accompanied by blurring of the clinical picture of the disease, in contrast to young people, who have vivid clinical manifestations of this disease. Ulcerative defects in young and middle-aged patients are more often small in size and are located mainly in the area of the stomach angle, and in elderly and senile patients, ulcers are localized mainly in the cardiac region, can be gigantic and often lead to the development of complications (primarily gastrointestinal intestinal bleeding).Conclusions. The blurring of the clinical picture, the absence of pathognomonic symptoms in elderly patients determine the late diagnosis of gastric ulcer, which ultimately leads to a high incidence of complications requiring surgical intervention. In clinical practice, it is necessary to take into account these features of the course of peptic ulcer disease in elderly patients and to prescribe the necessary complex of laboratory and instrumental studies and preventive therapy in a timely manner.

Introduction. Arterial hypertension (AH) is a widespread disease in the population of the world. It also acts as one of the constituent components of metabolic syndrome (MS), which is a global “epidemic” of our time. Target organs in such patients are affected much earlier and their changes are more pronounced than in hypertensive patients without metabolic disorders. It is important to study the contribution of risk factors to the progression of cardiac dysfunction in this category of patients.Purpose of the study. To study the influence of risk factors on heart remodeling in patients with hypertension, burdened and not burdened by metabolic disorders, selected for clinical analysis from the cardiology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital № 4, Saransk in 2016-2019.Materials and methods. For clinical analysis, 139 patients were selected from the cardiology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital No. 4, Saransk. Depending on the presence of metabolic disorders, the following groups were identified: Group I (n = 72) – patients with MS and AH; Group II (n = 67) – AH patients without metabolic disorders. The study evaluated the morphological and functional state of the myocardium and risk factors in the analyzed groups.Results. In the group of patients with hypertension, aggravated by metabolic disorders, more pronounced processes of cardiac remodeling were revealed. It has been shown that patients with MS develop both eccentric and concentric models of left ventricular hypertrophy. The influence of the level of blood pressure and body mass index is differently reflected on the type of restructuring of the geometry of the myocardium. Patients with hypertension combined with metabolic disorders have a wider prevalence of risk factors. The burden of risk factors is higher in patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and MS.Conclusions. The role of metabolic disorders in the mechanism of cardiac remodeling development in patients with hypertension in combination with MS was determined.

Improving the quality of drugs is the main task of the pharmaceutical industry as a whole. Getting safe and eff ective medications is directly related to minimizing the risks of conducting clinical trials. Maintaining the quality of clinical research based on risk management is a continuous, constant and dynamic process ensuring the success of the study, which in turn leads to the integrity of the data collected, the safety of subjects and compliance with legal requirements, as well as to the financial cost savings of pharmaceutical companies. The cost of research is growing inexorably, and the quality of their research is rapidly declining, so it is important to use a risk-based approach when developing the upcoming clinical trial project.

Conducting of clinical trials is closely associated with the ethical justification, with ensuring the rights and safety of the subjects participating in them. Only through trials, it becomes possible to obtain reliable data for the inclusion of new drugs in practice, which are designed to save millions of lives. In the constantly developing field of clinical research, science does not stand still and it becomes necessary to conduct more and more new research: pediatric, geriatric, biomedical products and research involving acute social problems, and of course they all involve certain risks during their implementation. The question of the ethics of conducting research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is very relevant at the moment, when it is necessary to make quick decisions in the interests of all mankind, assessing all possible risks that they may entail.

Students are a special social group united by approximately the same age and specific working and living conditions. The intensive and rather long-lasting learning process imposes strict requirements to the adaptive mechanisms of their organism. The article presents the results of a study of the pedagogical conditions for student adaptation to studying at the university. We examined 90 first-year students majoring in Pedagogy at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Mari State University. Several groups were composed of the students who came to study from the former USSR countries. We determined a number of core indicators such as cardiac rate, the systolic and diastolic pressure value, the cardiovascular response to breath hold and psychoemotional stress. Also we studied the adaptation potential (AP) value, conducted the 'individual minute' test. We calculated some hemodynamic parameters according to the Baevsky formula. It has been established that differentiated and personality-centered education is an important factor of the effectiveness of student adaptation to the learning process. The study found that the implementation of specified conditions contributed to the effectiveness of student adaptation to the learning process at the university. A comparative analysis of the results showed that the indicators in the experimental group exceeded the similar indicators in the control group by the specified criteria.

The objective of this article is to expose basic concepts of risks and encourage managers and members of high-tech companies with private capital to know more about this topic. Risk Management is taking up space in the many organizations through internal control standards. However, little mention is made of academia and risk management standards, causing organizations executives to know little about the concepts of risk and treatment. This situation makes risk plans have obvious conceptual problems that impair risk management and prevention in organizations. In addition, the article exposes actual methodologies and risk management strategies that minimize them in the environment of digital economy and innovation and also is the process of development of business structures in the conditions of risks affecting them.

The object of this study was the process of digitalization of the economy and society of the European Union. The task of researching the impact of digitalization on the economic growth of the European Union has been solved. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the complexity of digital transformation processes taking place in the world economy and the economy of the European Union, in particular, the need to assess their directions and intensity. Four approaches to modeling the impact of digitalization on economic growth based on the neoclassical production function were proposed. The structure of the model was chosen, which makes it possible to evaluate the influence of various factors of digitalization on the key parameters of economic growth. A regression multivariate model for assessing the impact of digitalization on the economic growth of the European Union has been developed. To this end, a sequence of stages was performed: formation of the information base, grouping of digitalization factors, as well as their selection based on correlation analysis. With the help of regression analysis, the parameters of the production function were expressed through digitalization indicators. At the same time, due to the limitation of input data, the Elastic Net Regression method was used. This made it possible to ensure the quality of the new model, namely, to remove low-impact parameters, reduce the multicollinearity of factors, make the model statistically significant, and ensure the stability of coefficients to data changes. The resulting model is eleven-factor; it demonstrates a high predictive ability (the coefficient of determination is 0.987). It can be used as an analytical tool for assessing the impact of digitalization on the economic growth of the European Union. Practical use of the model will help governments and businesses make informed decisions about digital transformation policies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal. To identify key links in the pathogenesis of toxic myocardiopathy in conditions of endogenous intoxication in peritonitis. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on dogs (n = 24). The model of purulent fecal peritonitis. We studied the run-time content of toxic products in blood plasma, the lipid composition, the intensity of lipid peroxidation, the activity of phospholipase A2 and superoxide dismutase, and hypoxia of myocardial tissue. We evaluated loss of water and proteins, electrogenesis of the myocardium cells and changes in the ECG parameters. We also performed histological examination of the myocardial tissue. Results. Experimental studies in dogs showed that the development of endotoxicosis of peritoneal origin is accompanied by significant metabolic disorders and cardiac malfunction leading to the development of myocardiopathy. The most important role in the development and progression of myocardial damage in endotoxicosis is played by biomembrane damage and disruption of associated processes. The main processes are quantitative and qualitative modifications of phospholipids in cardiac cell membranes. Conclusion. The obtained data demonstrate the key role of the interrelation between dyslipidemia in the investigated cellular structures and intensification of lipid peroxidation, an increase in phospholipase A 2 activity, and hypoxia; which confirms the significance of these processes in destabilization of the phospholipid matrix of biomembranes.

The clinical study enrolled 120 patients, who were hospitalized to the Therapeutic Department of Republican Clinical Hospital No. 5 of Saransk. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (n = 60) included patients with metabolic syndrome; Group II (n = 60) included patients with arterial hypertension. The paper presents data on the assessment of the functional state of kidneys in the analysed groups, defines the role of metabolic disorders in the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome and arterial hypertension. It is noted that more pronounced functional changes in the kidneys (microalbuminuria, increased cystatin C levels, decreased glomerular filtration rate) are detected in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome, as compared with patients without metabolic disorders. Cystatin C and microalbuminuria have been shown to be one of the earliest markers of kidney damage in hypertension, especially in combination with metabolic disorders. Cystatin C and microalbuminuria level is significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome, as compared with patients with arterial hypertension, who have no metabolic disorders. Significant correlations were found between cystatin C, microalbuminuria levels and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with arterial hypertension in combination with metabolic disorders.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cytoflavin and mexicor in the posttraumatic period of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 60 white non pedigree female rats weighing 180-200 g, with 15 rats in each series. TBI was modeled by a free-falling weight drop of 100 g from a height of 80 cm on the parietal-occipital area of the head. Blood samples were taken from the sublingual vein in an amount of 2.0 ml on Days 1, 3, 7, and 12 after the alteration. After TBI, in Group 1, 15 rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate (mexicor) for 10 days in a daily dose of 8.0 mg/kg. In Group 2, 15 rats received an intraperitoneal injection of cytoflavin for 10 days in a daily dose of 0.2 ml/kg. The activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection system (ASO) in the blood plasma was determined by a biochemicoluminescence method. Analysis of animal motion activity included the determination of the ability to balance and to stay at the wooden bar, time spent for moving on the bar from the bright light source to the darkroom, and paw slip frequency. Results: Mexicor and cytoflavin decreased the level of oxidative processes in rat model with TBI and the development of secondary brain injury. The positive dynamics in restoring pro- and antioxidant system balance was combined with positive changes in motor function.

The aim of the work is to develop theoretical, methodological, and applied foundations and practical recommendations for managing strategic changes in personnel resistance to open innovations in companies. The following special methods were used in the research process: Comparative and economic-statistical analysis—to assess the level of unique, threshold, and average opportunities for resistance to changes in open innovation; ranking—to assess the development of corporate culture. The main method of study was expert evaluation through questionnaires. The experts were middle managers of five branches of international car companies in Poland: Fiat, Opel, Toyota, Volkswagen, and Volvo. The reason for choosing these companies is that they collectively occupy 85% of the Polish automotive market. Resistance to open innovations usually arises at the individual level of personnel and is addressed through informational and motivational measures. According to the study, the threat to strategic change management in companies is system resistance for Opel and Toyota. This allowed us to draw a conclusion on the development of a predominantly fiduciary corporate culture, which minimizes the resistance to open innovation in companies. Approbation of the approaches of the companies under study proved that in the current conditions, there is a combination of different types of strategies. Recommendations regarding the choice of change strategies are substantiated for all the companies under study.

Biomeshes based on decellularized bovine pericardium (DBP) are widely used in reconstructive surgery due to their wide availability and the attractive biomechanical properties. However, their efficacy in clinical applications is often affected by the uncontrolled immunogenicity and proteolytic degradation. To address this issue, we present here in vivo multiparametric imaging analysis of epoxy crosslinked DBPs to reveal their fate after implantation. We first analyzed the structure of the crosslinked DBP using scanning electron microscopy and evaluated proteolytic stability and cytotoxicity. Next, using combination of fluorescence and hypoxia imaging, X-ray computed microtomography and histology techniques we studied the fate of DBPs after subcutaneous implantation in animals. Our approach revealed high resistance to biodegradation, gradual remodeling of a surrounding tissue forming the connective tissue capsule and calcification of crosslinked DBPs. These changes were concomitant to the development of hypoxia in the samples within 3 weeks after implantation and subsequent induction of angiogenesis and vascularization. Collectively, presented approach provides new insights on the transplantation of the epoxy crosslinked biomeshes, the risks associated with its applications in soft-tissue reconstruction and can be transferred to studies of other types of implants.

Экономическая деятельность перерабатывающих организаций АПК России должна своевременно адаптироваться к волатильным условиям хозяйствования и оперативно реагировать на изменения во внешней налоговой среде. В связи с этим особую значимость приобретают приемы и способы налогового планирования, использование которых создает условия для обеспечения налоговой состоятельности субъектов хозяйствования. Однако оценка современного состояния налогового менеджмента организаций АПК России, в том числе сахарного производства Воронежской области, свидетельствует о некоторых недостатках последнего. Цель данной статьи заключается в теоретическом обосновании и методическом обеспечении инструментов совершенствования внутренней налоговой среды перерабатывающих организаций в виде налогового бюджетирования. Для этого разработаны формы и содержание двух налоговых бюджетов – всех налоговых обязательств и налога на прибыль применительно к организациям сахарного производства. Использование данных инструментов позволит повысить налоговую состоятельность перерабатывающих организаций АПК.

The motivation of investigation is explained by the problem of keeping organisations’ information and private ones secure. One reason for this is insufficiency of information protection systems, and another – vulnerability in such kind of systems. The article is devoted to defining and analyzing the types and sources of information security threats for an automated system. It can be useful for developing the model method, having the purpose of detecting and further preventing of hazards. The safeness of Data Leak Prevention (DLP) system itself is also under investigation. The analysis was carried out by an expert method with system analysis. A DLP system was considered, on the one hand, as a way of information protection to prevent information leakage, and on the other hand, as an object of protection which is vulnerable to threats of information security. The presented threat model includes the sources of threats, divided into three large groups: anthropogenic, technogenic and spontaneous; and types of threats: intentional and unintentional.