30 results on '"Pollock FJ"'
Search Results
2. Six priorities to advance the science and practice of coral reef restoration worldwide
- Author
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Vardi, T, Hoot, WC, Levy, J, Shaver, E, Winters, RS, Banaszak, AT, Baums, IB, Chamberland, VF, Cook, N, Gulko, D, Hein, MY, Kaufman, L, Loewe, M, Lundgren, P, Lustic, C, MacGowan, P, Matz, MV, McGonigle, M, McLeod, I, Moore, J, Moore, T, Pivard, S, Pollock, FJ, Rinkevich, B, Suggett, DJ, Suleiman, S, Viehman, TS, Villalobos, T, Weis, VM, Wolke, C, Montoya-Maya, PH, Vardi, T, Hoot, WC, Levy, J, Shaver, E, Winters, RS, Banaszak, AT, Baums, IB, Chamberland, VF, Cook, N, Gulko, D, Hein, MY, Kaufman, L, Loewe, M, Lundgren, P, Lustic, C, MacGowan, P, Matz, MV, McGonigle, M, McLeod, I, Moore, J, Moore, T, Pivard, S, Pollock, FJ, Rinkevich, B, Suggett, DJ, Suleiman, S, Viehman, TS, Villalobos, T, Weis, VM, Wolke, C, and Montoya-Maya, PH
- Abstract
Coral reef restoration is a rapidly growing movement galvanized by the accelerating degradation of the world's tropical coral reefs. The need for concerted and collaborative action focused on the recovery of coral reef ecosystems coalesced in the creation of the Coral Restoration Consortium (CRC) in 2017. In March 2020, the CRC leadership team met for a biennial review of international coral reef restoration efforts and a discussion of perceived knowledge and implementation bottlenecks that may impair scalability and efficacy. Herein we present six priorities wherein the CRC will foster scientific advancement and collaboration to: (1) increase restoration efficiency, focusing on scale and cost-effectiveness of deployment; (2) scale up larval-based coral restoration efforts, emphasizing recruit health, growth, and survival; (3) ensure restoration of threatened coral species proceeds within a population-genetics management context; (4) support a holistic approach to coral reef ecosystem restoration; (5) develop and promote the use of standardized terms and metrics for coral reef restoration; and (6) support coral reef restoration practitioners working in diverse geographic locations. These priorities are not exhaustive nor do we imply that accomplishing these tasks alone will be sufficient to restore coral reefs globally; rather these are topics where we feel the CRC community of practice can make timely and significant contributions to facilitate the growth of coral reef restoration as a practical conservation strategy. The goal for these collective actions is to provide tangible, local-scale advancements in reef condition that offset declines resulting from local and global stressors including climate change.
- Published
- 2021
3. Symbiosis in the microbial world: from ecology to genome evolution
- Author
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Raina, JB, Eme, L, Pollock, FJ, Spang, A, Archibald, JM, Williams, TA, Raina, JB, Eme, L, Pollock, FJ, Spang, A, Archibald, JM, and Williams, TA
- Abstract
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. The concept of symbiosis – defined in 1879 by de Bary as ‘the living together of unlike organisms’ – has a rich and convoluted history in biology. In part, because it questioned the concept of the individual, symbiosis fell largely outside mainstream science and has traditionally received less attention than other research disciplines. This is gradually changing. In nature organisms do not live in isolation but rather interact with, and are impacted by, diverse beings throughout their life histories. Symbiosis is now recognized as a central driver of evolution across the entire tree of life, including, for example, bacterial endosymbionts that provide insects with vital nutrients and the mitochondria that power our own cells. Symbioses between microbes and their multicellular hosts also underpin the ecological success of some of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, including hydrothermal vents and coral reefs. In November 2017, scientists working in fields spanning the life sciences came together at a Company of Biologists’ workshop to discuss the origin, maintenance, and long-term implications of symbiosis from the complementary perspectives of cell biology, ecology, evolution and genomics, taking into account both model and non-model organisms. Here, we provide a brief synthesis of the fruitful discussions that transpired.
- Published
- 2018
4. A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity
- Author
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Thompson, LR, Sanders, JG, McDonald, D, Amir, A, Ladau, J, Locey, KJ, Prill, RJ, Tripathi, A, Gibbons, SM, Ackermann, G, Navas-Molina, JA, Janssen, S, Kopylova, E, Vazquez-Baeza, Y, Gonzalez, A, Morton, JT, Mirarab, S, Xu, ZZ, Jiang, L, Haroon, MF, Kanbar, J, Zhu, Q, Song, SJ, Kosciolek, T, Bokulich, NA, Lefler, J, Brislawn, CJ, Humphrey, G, Owens, SM, Hampton-Marcell, J, Berg-Lyons, D, McKenzie, V, Fierer, N, Fuhrman, JA, Clauset, A, Stevens, RL, Shade, A, Pollard, KS, Goodwin, KD, Jansson, JK, Gilbert, JA, Knight, R, Rivera, JLA, Al-Moosawi, L, Alverdy, J, Amato, KR, Andras, J, Angenent, LT, Antonopoulos, DA, Apprill, A, Armitage, D, Ballantine, K, Barta, J, Baum, JK, Berry, A, Bhatnagar, A, Bhatnagar, M, Biddle, JF, Bittner, L, Boldgiv, B, Bottos, E, Boyer, DM, Braun, J, Brazelton, W, Brearley, FQ, Campbell, AH, Caporaso, JG, Cardona, C, Carroll, J, Cary, SC, Casper, BB, Charles, TC, Chu, H, Claar, DC, Clark, RG, Clayton, JB, Clemente, JC, Cochran, A, Coleman, ML, Collins, G, Colwell, RR, Contreras, M, Crary, BB, Creer, S, Cristol, DA, Crump, BC, Cui, D, Daly, SE, Davalos, L, Dawson, RD, Defazio, J, Delsuc, F, Dionisi, HM, Dominguez-Bello, MG, Dowell, R, Dubinsky, EA, Dunn, PO, Ercolini, D, Espinoza, RE, Ezenwa, V, Fenner, N, Findlay, HS, Fleming, ID, Fogliano, V, Forsman, A, Freeman, C, Friedman, ES, Galindo, G, Garcia, L, Alexandra Garcia-Amado, M, Garshelis, D, Gasser, RB, Gerdts, G, Gibson, MK, Gifford, I, Gill, RT, Giray, T, Gittel, A, Golyshin, P, Gong, D, Grossart, H-P, Guyton, K, Haig, S-J, Hale, V, Hall, RS, Hallam, SJ, Handley, KM, Hasan, NA, Haydon, SR, Hickman, JE, Hidalgo, G, Hofmockel, KS, Hooker, J, Hulth, S, Hultman, J, Hyde, E, Ibanez-Alamo, JD, Jastrow, JD, Jex, AR, Johnson, LS, Johnston, ER, Joseph, S, Jurburg, SD, Jurelevicius, D, Karlsson, A, Karlsson, R, Kauppinen, S, Kellogg, CTE, Kennedy, SJ, Kerkhof, LJ, King, GM, Kling, GW, Koehler, AV, Krezalek, M, Kueneman, J, Lamendella, R, Landon, EM, Lane-deGraaf, K, LaRoche, J, Larsen, P, Laverock, B, Lax, S, Lentino, M, Levin, II, Liancourt, P, Liang, W, Linz, AM, Lipson, DA, Liu, Y, Lladser, ME, Lozada, M, Spirito, CM, MacCormack, WP, MacRae-Crerar, A, Magris, M, Martin-Platero, AM, Martin-Vivaldi, M, Margarita Martinez, L, Martinez-Bueno, M, Marzinelli, EM, Mason, OU, Mayer, GD, McDevitt-Irwin, JM, McDonald, JE, McGuire, KL, McMahon, KD, McMinds, R, Medina, M, Mendelson, JR, Metcalf, JL, Meyer, F, Michelangeli, F, Miller, K, Mills, DA, Minich, J, Mocali, S, Moitinho-Silva, L, Moore, A, Morgan-Kiss, RM, Munroe, P, Myrold, D, Neufeld, JD, Ni, Y, Nicol, GW, Nielsen, S, Nissimov, JI, Niu, K, Nolan, MJ, Noyce, K, O'Brien, SL, Okamoto, N, Orlando, L, Castellano, YO, Osuolale, O, Oswald, W, Parnell, J, Peralta-Sanchez, JM, Petraitis, P, Pfister, C, Pilon-Smits, E, Piombino, P, Pointing, SB, Pollock, FJ, Potter, C, Prithiviraj, B, Quince, C, Rani, A, Ranjan, R, Rao, S, Rees, AP, Richardson, M, Riebesell, U, Robinson, C, Rockne, KJ, Rodriguezl, SM, Rohwer, F, Roundstone, W, Safran, RJ, Sangwan, N, Sanz, V, Schrenk, M, Schrenzel, MD, Scott, NM, Seger, RL, Seguin-Orlando, A, Seldin, L, Seyler, LM, Shakhsheer, B, Sheets, GM, Shen, C, Shi, Y, Shin, H, Shogan, BD, Shutler, D, Siegel, J, Simmons, S, Sjoling, S, Smith, DP, Soler, JJ, Sperling, M, Steinberg, PD, Stephens, B, Stevens, MA, Taghavi, S, Tai, V, Tait, K, Tan, CL, Tas, N, Taylor, DL, Thomas, T, Timling, I, Turner, BL, Urich, T, Ursell, LK, van der Lelie, D, Van Treuren, W, van Zwieten, L, Vargas-Robles, D, Thurber, RV, Vitaglione, P, Walker, DA, Walters, WA, Wang, S, Wang, T, Weaver, T, Webster, NS, Wehrle, B, Weisenhorn, P, Weiss, S, Werner, JJ, West, K, Whitehead, A, Whitehead, SR, Whittingham, LA, Willerslev, E, Williams, AE, Wood, SA, Woodhams, DC, Yang, Y, Zaneveld, J, Zarraonaindia, I, Zhang, Q, Zhao, H, Thompson, LR, Sanders, JG, McDonald, D, Amir, A, Ladau, J, Locey, KJ, Prill, RJ, Tripathi, A, Gibbons, SM, Ackermann, G, Navas-Molina, JA, Janssen, S, Kopylova, E, Vazquez-Baeza, Y, Gonzalez, A, Morton, JT, Mirarab, S, Xu, ZZ, Jiang, L, Haroon, MF, Kanbar, J, Zhu, Q, Song, SJ, Kosciolek, T, Bokulich, NA, Lefler, J, Brislawn, CJ, Humphrey, G, Owens, SM, Hampton-Marcell, J, Berg-Lyons, D, McKenzie, V, Fierer, N, Fuhrman, JA, Clauset, A, Stevens, RL, Shade, A, Pollard, KS, Goodwin, KD, Jansson, JK, Gilbert, JA, Knight, R, Rivera, JLA, Al-Moosawi, L, Alverdy, J, Amato, KR, Andras, J, Angenent, LT, Antonopoulos, DA, Apprill, A, Armitage, D, Ballantine, K, Barta, J, Baum, JK, Berry, A, Bhatnagar, A, Bhatnagar, M, Biddle, JF, Bittner, L, Boldgiv, B, Bottos, E, Boyer, DM, Braun, J, Brazelton, W, Brearley, FQ, Campbell, AH, Caporaso, JG, Cardona, C, Carroll, J, Cary, SC, Casper, BB, Charles, TC, Chu, H, Claar, DC, Clark, RG, Clayton, JB, Clemente, JC, Cochran, A, Coleman, ML, Collins, G, Colwell, RR, Contreras, M, Crary, BB, Creer, S, Cristol, DA, Crump, BC, Cui, D, Daly, SE, Davalos, L, Dawson, RD, Defazio, J, Delsuc, F, Dionisi, HM, Dominguez-Bello, MG, Dowell, R, Dubinsky, EA, Dunn, PO, Ercolini, D, Espinoza, RE, Ezenwa, V, Fenner, N, Findlay, HS, Fleming, ID, Fogliano, V, Forsman, A, Freeman, C, Friedman, ES, Galindo, G, Garcia, L, Alexandra Garcia-Amado, M, Garshelis, D, Gasser, RB, Gerdts, G, Gibson, MK, Gifford, I, Gill, RT, Giray, T, Gittel, A, Golyshin, P, Gong, D, Grossart, H-P, Guyton, K, Haig, S-J, Hale, V, Hall, RS, Hallam, SJ, Handley, KM, Hasan, NA, Haydon, SR, Hickman, JE, Hidalgo, G, Hofmockel, KS, Hooker, J, Hulth, S, Hultman, J, Hyde, E, Ibanez-Alamo, JD, Jastrow, JD, Jex, AR, Johnson, LS, Johnston, ER, Joseph, S, Jurburg, SD, Jurelevicius, D, Karlsson, A, Karlsson, R, Kauppinen, S, Kellogg, CTE, Kennedy, SJ, Kerkhof, LJ, King, GM, Kling, GW, Koehler, AV, Krezalek, M, Kueneman, J, Lamendella, R, Landon, EM, Lane-deGraaf, K, LaRoche, J, Larsen, P, Laverock, B, Lax, S, Lentino, M, Levin, II, Liancourt, P, Liang, W, Linz, AM, Lipson, DA, Liu, Y, Lladser, ME, Lozada, M, Spirito, CM, MacCormack, WP, MacRae-Crerar, A, Magris, M, Martin-Platero, AM, Martin-Vivaldi, M, Margarita Martinez, L, Martinez-Bueno, M, Marzinelli, EM, Mason, OU, Mayer, GD, McDevitt-Irwin, JM, McDonald, JE, McGuire, KL, McMahon, KD, McMinds, R, Medina, M, Mendelson, JR, Metcalf, JL, Meyer, F, Michelangeli, F, Miller, K, Mills, DA, Minich, J, Mocali, S, Moitinho-Silva, L, Moore, A, Morgan-Kiss, RM, Munroe, P, Myrold, D, Neufeld, JD, Ni, Y, Nicol, GW, Nielsen, S, Nissimov, JI, Niu, K, Nolan, MJ, Noyce, K, O'Brien, SL, Okamoto, N, Orlando, L, Castellano, YO, Osuolale, O, Oswald, W, Parnell, J, Peralta-Sanchez, JM, Petraitis, P, Pfister, C, Pilon-Smits, E, Piombino, P, Pointing, SB, Pollock, FJ, Potter, C, Prithiviraj, B, Quince, C, Rani, A, Ranjan, R, Rao, S, Rees, AP, Richardson, M, Riebesell, U, Robinson, C, Rockne, KJ, Rodriguezl, SM, Rohwer, F, Roundstone, W, Safran, RJ, Sangwan, N, Sanz, V, Schrenk, M, Schrenzel, MD, Scott, NM, Seger, RL, Seguin-Orlando, A, Seldin, L, Seyler, LM, Shakhsheer, B, Sheets, GM, Shen, C, Shi, Y, Shin, H, Shogan, BD, Shutler, D, Siegel, J, Simmons, S, Sjoling, S, Smith, DP, Soler, JJ, Sperling, M, Steinberg, PD, Stephens, B, Stevens, MA, Taghavi, S, Tai, V, Tait, K, Tan, CL, Tas, N, Taylor, DL, Thomas, T, Timling, I, Turner, BL, Urich, T, Ursell, LK, van der Lelie, D, Van Treuren, W, van Zwieten, L, Vargas-Robles, D, Thurber, RV, Vitaglione, P, Walker, DA, Walters, WA, Wang, S, Wang, T, Weaver, T, Webster, NS, Wehrle, B, Weisenhorn, P, Weiss, S, Werner, JJ, West, K, Whitehead, A, Whitehead, SR, Whittingham, LA, Willerslev, E, Williams, AE, Wood, SA, Woodhams, DC, Yang, Y, Zaneveld, J, Zarraonaindia, I, Zhang, Q, and Zhao, H
- Abstract
Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.
- Published
- 2017
5. Abundance and morphology of virus-like particles associated with the coral Acropora hyacinthus differ between healthy and white syndrome-infected states
- Author
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Pollock, FJ, primary, Wood-Charlson, EM, additional, van Oppen, MJH, additional, Bourne, DG, additional, Willis, BL, additional, and Weynberg, KD, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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6. Coral conservation in a warming world must harness evolutionary adaptation.
- Author
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Colton MA, McManus LC, Schindler DE, Mumby PJ, Palumbi SR, Webster MM, Essington TE, Fox HE, Forrest DL, Schill SR, Pollock FJ, DeFilippo LB, Tekwa EW, Walsworth TE, and Pinsky ML
- Subjects
- Acclimatization, Animals, Coral Reefs, Anthozoa
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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7. Linking photoacclimation responses and microbiome shifts between depth-segregated sibling species of reef corals.
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Prada C, López-Londoño T, Pollock FJ, Roitman S, Ritchie KB, Levitan DR, Knowlton N, Woodley C, Iglesias-Prieto R, and Medina M
- Abstract
Metazoans host complex communities of microorganisms that include dinoflagellates, fungi, bacteria, archaea and viruses. Interactions among members of these complex assemblages allow hosts to adjust their physiology and metabolism to cope with environmental variation and occupy different habitats. Here, using reciprocal transplantation across depths, we studied adaptive divergence in the corals Orbicella annularis and O. franksi , two young species with contrasting vertical distribution in the Caribbean. When transplanted from deep to shallow, O. franksi experienced fast photoacclimation and low mortality, and maintained a consistent bacterial community. By contrast, O. annularis experienced high mortality and limited photoacclimation when transplanted from shallow to deep. The photophysiological collapse of O. annularis in the deep environment was associated with an increased microbiome variability and reduction of some bacterial taxa. Differences in the symbiotic algal community were more pronounced between coral species than between depths. Our study suggests that these sibling species are adapted to distinctive light environments partially driven by the algae photoacclimation capacity and the microbiome robustness, highlighting the importance of niche specialization in symbiotic corals for the maintenance of species diversity. Our findings have implications for the management of these threatened Caribbean corals and the effectiveness of coral reef restoration efforts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2022 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2022
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8. Insights into the Cultured Bacterial Fraction of Corals.
- Author
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Sweet M, Villela H, Keller-Costa T, Costa R, Romano S, Bourne DG, Cárdenas A, Huggett MJ, Kerwin AH, Kuek F, Medina M, Meyer JL, Müller M, Pollock FJ, Rappé MS, Sere M, Sharp KH, Voolstra CR, Zaccardi N, Ziegler M, and Peixoto R
- Abstract
Bacteria associated with coral hosts are diverse and abundant, with recent studies suggesting involvement of these symbionts in host resilience to anthropogenic stress. Despite their putative importance, the work dedicated to culturing coral-associated bacteria has received little attention. Combining published and unpublished data, here we report a comprehensive overview of the diversity and function of culturable bacteria isolated from corals originating from tropical, temperate, and cold-water habitats. A total of 3,055 isolates from 52 studies were considered by our metasurvey. Of these, 1,045 had full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, spanning 138 formally described and 12 putatively novel bacterial genera across the Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , and Actinobacteria phyla. We performed comparative genomic analysis using the available genomes of 74 strains and identified potential signatures of beneficial bacterium-coral symbioses among the strains. Our analysis revealed >400 biosynthetic gene clusters that underlie the biosynthesis of antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and other secondary metabolites. Moreover, we uncovered genomic features-not previously described for coral-bacterium symbioses-potentially involved in host colonization and host-symbiont recognition, antiviral defense mechanisms, and/or integrated metabolic interactions, which we suggest as novel targets for the screening of coral probiotics. Our results highlight the importance of bacterial cultures to elucidate coral holobiont functioning and guide the selection of probiotic candidates to promote coral resilience and improve holistic and customized reef restoration and rehabilitation efforts. IMPORTANCE Our paper is the first study to synthesize currently available but decentralized data of cultured microbes associated with corals. We were able to collate 3,055 isolates across a number of published studies and unpublished collections from various laboratories and researchers around the world. This equated to 1,045 individual isolates which had full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, after filtering of the original 3,055. We also explored which of these had genomes available. Originally, only 36 were available, and as part of this study, we added a further 38-equating to 74 in total. From this, we investigated potential genetic signatures that may facilitate a host-associated lifestyle. Further, such a resource is an important step in the selection of probiotic candidates, which are being investigated for promoting coral resilience and potentially applied as a novel strategy in reef restoration and rehabilitation efforts. In the spirit of open access, we have ensured this collection is available to the wider research community through the web site http://isolates.reefgenomics.org/ with the hope many scientists across the globe will ask for access to these cultures for future studies.
- Published
- 2021
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9. Energy depletion and opportunistic microbial colonisation in white syndrome lesions from corals across the Indo-Pacific.
- Author
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Smith HA, Conlan JA, Pollock FJ, Wada N, Shore A, Hung JY, Aeby GS, Willis BL, Francis DS, and Bourne DG
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Proliferation genetics, Coral Reefs, Immunity genetics, Lipids chemistry, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Rhodobacteraceae genetics, Anthozoa microbiology, Microbiota genetics
- Abstract
Corals are dependent upon lipids as energy reserves to mount a metabolic response to biotic and abiotic challenges. This study profiled lipids, fatty acids, and microbial communities of healthy and white syndrome (WS) diseased colonies of Acropora hyacinthus sampled from reefs in Western Australia, the Great Barrier Reef, and Palmyra Atoll. Total lipid levels varied significantly among locations, though a consistent stepwise decrease from healthy tissues from healthy colonies (HH) to healthy tissue on WS-diseased colonies (HD; i.e. preceding the lesion boundary) to diseased tissue on diseased colonies (DD; i.e. lesion front) was observed, demonstrating a reduction in energy reserves. Lipids in HH tissues were comprised of high energy lipid classes, while HD and DD tissues contained greater proportions of structural lipids. Bacterial profiling through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and histology showed no bacterial taxa linked to WS causation. However, the relative abundance of Rhodobacteraceae-affiliated sequences increased in DD tissues, suggesting opportunistic proliferation of these taxa. While the cause of WS remains inconclusive, this study demonstrates that the lipid profiles of HD tissues was more similar to DD tissues than to HH tissues, reflecting a colony-wide systemic effect and provides insight into the metabolic immune response of WS-infected Indo-Pacific corals.
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- 2020
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10. Characterization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coral Acropora hyacinthus.
- Author
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Wada N, Ishimochi M, Matsui T, Pollock FJ, Tang SL, Ainsworth TD, Willis BL, Mano N, and Bourne DG
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthozoa physiology, Australia, Bacteria genetics, Coral Reefs, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Japan, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Anthozoa microbiology, Bacteria isolation & purification, Microbiota genetics, Symbiosis
- Abstract
Bacterial diversity associated with corals has been studied extensively, however, localization of bacterial associations within the holobiont is still poorly resolved. Here we provide novel insight into the localization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coral Acropora hyacinthus. In total, 318 and 308 CAMAs were characterized via histological and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) approaches respectively, and shown to be distributed extensively throughout coral tissues collected from five sites in Japan and Australia. The densities of CAMAs within the tissues were negatively correlated with the distance from the coastline (i.e. lowest densities at offshore sites). CAMAs were randomly distributed across the six coral tissue regions investigated. Within each CAMA, bacterial cells had similar morphological characteristics, but bacterial morphologies varied among CAMAs, with at least five distinct types identified. Identifying the location of microorganisms associated with the coral host is a prerequisite for understanding their contributions to fitness. Localization of tissue-specific communities housed within CAMAs is particularly important, as these communities are potentially important contributors to vital metabolic functions of the holobiont.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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11. Reduced diversity and stability of coral-associated bacterial communities and suppressed immune function precedes disease onset in corals.
- Author
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Pollock FJ, Lamb JB, van de Water JAJM, Smith HA, Schaffelke B, Willis BL, and Bourne DG
- Abstract
Disease is an emerging threat to coral reef ecosystems worldwide, highlighting the need to understand how environmental conditions interact with coral immune function and associated microbial communities to affect holobiont health. Increased coral disease incidence on reefs adjacent to permanently moored platforms on Australia's Great Barrier Reef provided a unique case study to investigate environment-host-microbe interactions in situ . Here, we evaluate coral-associated bacterial community (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing), immune function (protein-based prophenoloxidase-activating system), and water quality parameters before, during and after a disease event. Over the course of the study, 31% of tagged colonies adjacent to platforms developed signs of white syndrome (WS), while all control colonies on a platform-free reef remained visually healthy. Corals adjacent to platforms experienced significant reductions in coral immune function. Additionally, the corals at platform sites that remained visually healthy throughout the study had reduced bacterial diversity compared to healthy colonies at the platform-free site. Interestingly, prior to the observation of macroscopic disease, corals that would develop WS had reduced bacterial diversity and significantly greater community heterogeneity between colonies compared to healthy corals at the same location. These results suggest that activities associated with offshore marine infrastructure impacts coral immunocompetence and associated bacterial community, which affects the susceptibility of corals to disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
- Published
- 2019
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12. Coral-associated bacteria demonstrate phylosymbiosis and cophylogeny.
- Author
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Pollock FJ, McMinds R, Smith S, Bourne DG, Willis BL, Medina M, Thurber RV, and Zaneveld JR
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthozoa classification, Archaea classification, Australia, Bacteria classification, Coral Reefs, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Geography, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Symbiosis, Anthozoa genetics, Anthozoa microbiology, Archaea genetics, Bacteria genetics, Microbiota genetics
- Abstract
Scleractinian corals' microbial symbionts influence host health, yet how coral microbiomes assembled over evolution is not well understood. We survey bacterial and archaeal communities in phylogenetically diverse Australian corals representing more than 425 million years of diversification. We show that coral microbiomes are anatomically compartmentalized in both modern microbial ecology and evolutionary assembly. Coral mucus, tissue, and skeleton microbiomes differ in microbial community composition, richness, and response to host vs. environmental drivers. We also find evidence of coral-microbe phylosymbiosis, in which coral microbiome composition and richness reflect coral phylogeny. Surprisingly, the coral skeleton represents the most biodiverse coral microbiome, and also shows the strongest evidence of phylosymbiosis. Interactions between bacterial and coral phylogeny significantly influence the abundance of four groups of bacteria-including Endozoicomonas-like bacteria, which divide into host-generalist and host-specific subclades. Together these results trace microbial symbiosis across anatomy during the evolution of a basal animal lineage.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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13. Symbiosis in the microbial world: from ecology to genome evolution.
- Author
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Raina JB, Eme L, Pollock FJ, Spang A, Archibald JM, and Williams TA
- Abstract
The concept of symbiosis - defined in 1879 by de Bary as 'the living together of unlike organisms' - has a rich and convoluted history in biology. In part, because it questioned the concept of the individual, symbiosis fell largely outside mainstream science and has traditionally received less attention than other research disciplines. This is gradually changing. In nature organisms do not live in isolation but rather interact with, and are impacted by, diverse beings throughout their life histories. Symbiosis is now recognized as a central driver of evolution across the entire tree of life, including, for example, bacterial endosymbionts that provide insects with vital nutrients and the mitochondria that power our own cells. Symbioses between microbes and their multicellular hosts also underpin the ecological success of some of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, including hydrothermal vents and coral reefs. In November 2017, scientists working in fields spanning the life sciences came together at a Company of Biologists' workshop to discuss the origin, maintenance, and long-term implications of symbiosis from the complementary perspectives of cell biology, ecology, evolution and genomics, taking into account both model and non-model organisms. Here, we provide a brief synthesis of the fruitful discussions that transpired., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Coral larvae for restoration and research: a large-scale method for rearing Acropora millepora larvae, inducing settlement, and establishing symbiosis.
- Author
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Pollock FJ, Katz SM, van de Water JAJM, Davies SW, Hein M, Torda G, Matz MV, Beltran VH, Buerger P, Puill-Stephan E, Abrego D, Bourne DG, and Willis BL
- Abstract
Here we describe an efficient and effective technique for rearing sexually-derived coral propagules from spawning through larval settlement and symbiont uptake with minimal impact on natural coral populations. We sought to maximize larval survival while minimizing expense and daily husbandry maintenance by experimentally determining optimized conditions and protocols for gamete fertilization, larval cultivation, induction of larval settlement by crustose coralline algae, and inoculation of newly settled juveniles with their dinoflagellate symbiont Symbiodinium . Larval rearing densities at or below 0.2 larvae mL
-1 were found to maximize larval survival and settlement success in culture tanks while minimizing maintenance effort. Induction of larval settlement via the addition of a ground mixture of diverse crustose coralline algae (CCA) is recommended, given the challenging nature of in situ CCA identification and our finding that non settlement-inducing CCA assemblages do not inhibit larval settlement if suitable assemblages are present. Although order of magnitude differences in infectivity were found between common Great Barrier Reef Symbiodinium clades C and D, no significant differences in Symbiodinium uptake were observed between laboratory-cultured and wild-harvested symbionts in each case. The technique presented here for Acropora millepora can be adapted for research and restoration efforts in a wide range of broadcast spawning coral species., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Assessing coral health and disease from digital photographs and in situ surveys.
- Author
-
Page CA, Field SN, Pollock FJ, Lamb JB, Shedrawi G, and Wilson SK
- Subjects
- Animals, Coral Reefs, Surveys and Questionnaires, Anthozoa, Environmental Monitoring methods, Photography
- Abstract
Methods for monitoring the status of marine communities are increasingly adopting the use of images captured in the field. However, it is not always clear how data collected from photographic images relate to historic data collected using traditional underwater visual census methods. Here, we compare coral health and disease data collected in situ by scuba divers with photographic images collected simultaneously at 12 coral reef sites. Five globally relevant coral diseases were detected on 194 colonies from in situ surveys and 79 colonies from photos, whilst 698 colonies from in situ surveys and 535 colonies from photos exhibited signs of compromised health other than disease. Comparisons of in situ surveys with photographic analyses indicated that the number of disease cases occurring in the examined coral populations (prevalence) was six times higher (4.5 vs. 0.8% of colonies), whilst compromised health was three times higher (14 vs. 4% of colonies) from in situ surveys. Skeletal eroding band disease, sponge overgrowth and presence of Waminoa flatworms were not detected in photographs, though they were identified in situ. Estimates of black band disease and abnormally pigmented coral tissues were similar between the two methods. Estimates of the bleached and healthy colonies were also similar between methods and photographic analyses were a strong predictor of bleached (r
2 = 0.8) and healthy (r2 = 0.5) colony prevalence from in situ surveys. Moreover, when data on disease and compromised health states resulting in white or pale coral colony appearance were pooled, the prevalence of 'white' colonies from in situ (14%) and photographic analyses (11%) were statistically similar. Our results indicate that information on coral disease and health collected by in situ surveys and photographic analyses are not directly comparable, with in situ surveys generally providing higher estimates of prevalence and greater ability to identify some diseases and compromised states. Careful sampling of photographs can however identify signs of coral stress, including some coral diseases, which may be used to trigger early-warning management interventions.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. White Syndrome-Affected Corals Have a Distinct Microbiome at Disease Lesion Fronts.
- Author
-
Pollock FJ, Wada N, Torda G, Willis BL, and Bourne DG
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria genetics, Coral Reefs, Queensland, Seasons, Anthozoa microbiology, Bacteria isolation & purification, Microbiota
- Abstract
Coral tissue loss diseases, collectively known as white syndromes (WSs), induce significant mortality on reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific, yet definitive confirmation of WS etiologies remains elusive. In this study, we integrated ecological disease monitoring, bacterial community profiling, in situ visualization of microbe-host interactions, and cellular responses of the host coral through an 18-month repeated-sampling regime. We assert that the observed pathogenesis of WS lesions on acroporid corals at Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef) is not the result of apoptosis or infection by Vibrio bacteria, ciliates, fungi, cyanobacteria, or helminths. Histological analyses detected helminths, ciliates, fungi, and cyanobacteria in fewer than 25% of WS samples, and helminths and fungi were also observed in 12% of visually healthy samples. The abundances of Vibrio-affiliated sequences (assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) did not differ significantly between health states and never exceeded 3.3% of reads in any individual sample. In situ visualization detected Vibrio bacteria only in summer WS lesion samples and revealed no signs of these bacteria in winter disease samples (or any healthy tissue samples), despite continued disease progression year round. However, a 4-fold increase in Rhodobacteraceae-affiliated bacterial sequences at WS lesion fronts suggests that this group of bacteria could play a role in WS pathogenesis and/or serve as a diagnostic criterion for disease differentiation. While the causative agent(s) underlying WSs remains elusive, the microbial and cellular processes identified in this study will help to identify and differentiate visually similar but potentially distinct WS etiologies., Importance: Over the past decade, a virulent group of coral diseases known as white syndromes have impacted coral reefs throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. This article provides a detailed case study of white syndromes to combine disease ecology, high-throughput microbial community profiling, and cellular-scale host-microbe visualization over seasonal time scales. We provide novel insights into the etiology of this devastating disease and reveal new diagnostic criteria that could be used to differentiate visually similar but etiologically distinct forms of white syndrome., (Copyright © 2016 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Correction: Sediment and Turbidity Associated with Offshore Dredging Increase Coral Disease Prevalence on Nearby Reefs.
- Author
-
Pollock FJ, Lamb JB, Field SN, Heron SF, Schaffelke B, Shedrawi G, Bourne DG, and Willis BL
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102498.].
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. In situ visualization of bacterial populations in coral tissues: pitfalls and solutions.
- Author
-
Wada N, Pollock FJ, Willis BL, Ainsworth T, Mano N, and Bourne DG
- Abstract
In situ visualization of microbial communities within their natural habitats provides a powerful approach to explore complex interactions between microorganisms and their macroscopic hosts. Specifically, the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to simultaneously identify and visualize diverse microbial taxa associated with coral hosts, including symbiotic algae (Symbiodinium), Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi and protists, could help untangle the structure and function of these diverse taxa within the coral holobiont. However, the application of FISH approaches to coral samples is constrained by non-specific binding of targeted rRNA probes to cellular structures within the coral animal tissues (including nematocysts, spirocysts, granular gland cells within the gastrodermis and cnidoglandular bands of mesenterial filaments). This issue, combined with high auto-fluorescence of both host tissues and endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium), make FISH approaches for analyses of coral tissues challenging. Here we outline the major pitfalls associated with applying FISH to coral samples and describe approaches to overcome these challenges., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Sediment and turbidity associated with offshore dredging increase coral disease prevalence on nearby reefs.
- Author
-
Pollock FJ, Lamb JB, Field SN, Heron SF, Schaffelke B, Shedrawi G, Bourne DG, and Willis BL
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Environmental Monitoring methods, Models, Biological, Regression Analysis, Time Factors, Western Australia, Anthozoa physiology, Coral Reefs, Environmental Monitoring statistics & numerical data, Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants adverse effects
- Abstract
In recent decades, coral reef ecosystems have declined to the extent that reefs are now threatened globally. While many water quality parameters have been proposed to contribute to reef declines, little evidence exists conclusively linking specific water quality parameters with increased disease prevalence in situ. Here we report evidence from in situ coral health surveys confirming that chronic exposure to dredging-associated sediment plumes significantly increase the prevalence of white syndromes, a devastating group of globally important coral diseases. Coral health surveys were conducted along a dredging-associated sediment plume gradient to assess the relationship between sedimentation, turbidity and coral health. Reefs exposed to the highest number of days under the sediment plume (296 to 347 days) had two-fold higher levels of disease, largely driven by a 2.5-fold increase in white syndromes, and a six-fold increase in other signs of compromised coral health relative to reefs with little or no plume exposure (0 to 9 days). Multivariate modeling and ordination incorporating sediment exposure level, coral community composition and cover, predation and multiple thermal stress indices provided further confirmation that sediment plume exposure level was the main driver of elevated disease and other compromised coral health indicators. This study provides the first evidence linking dredging-associated sedimentation and turbidity with elevated coral disease prevalence in situ. Our results may help to explain observed increases in global coral disease prevalence in recent decades and suggest that minimizing sedimentation and turbidity associated with coastal development will provide an important management tool for controlling coral disease epizootics.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The urgent need for robust coral disease diagnostics.
- Author
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Pollock FJ, Morris PJ, Willis BL, and Bourne DG
- Subjects
- Animal Diseases genetics, Animal Diseases microbiology, Animals, Anthozoa physiology, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring methods, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Predictive Value of Tests, Animal Diseases diagnosis, Anthozoa microbiology
- Abstract
Coral disease has emerged over recent decades as a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems, with declines in coral cover and diversity of Caribbean reefs providing an example of the potential impacts of disease at regional scales. If similar trends are to be mitigated or avoided on reefs worldwide, a deeper understanding of the factors underlying the origin and spread of coral diseases and the steps that can be taken to prevent, control, or reduce their impacts is required. In recent years, an increased focus on coral microbiology and the application of classic culture techniques and emerging molecular technologies has revealed several coral pathogens that could serve as targets for novel coral disease diagnostic tools. The ability to detect and quantify microbial agents identified as indicators of coral disease will aid in the elucidation of disease causation and facilitate coral disease detection and diagnosis, pathogen monitoring in individuals and ecosystems, and identification of pathogen sources, vectors, and reservoirs. This information will advance the field of coral disease research and contribute knowledge necessary for effective coral reef management. This paper establishes the need for sensitive and specific molecular-based coral pathogen detection, outlines the emerging technologies that could serve as the basis of a new generation of coral disease diagnostic assays, and addresses the unique challenges inherent to the application of these techniques to environmentally derived coral samples.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Detection and quantification of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus by real-time PCR with TaqMan fluorescent probes.
- Author
-
Pollock FJ, Morris PJ, Willis BL, and Bourne DG
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vibrio genetics, Anthozoa microbiology, Bacteriological Techniques methods, Fluorescent Dyes, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Seawater microbiology, Vibrio isolation & purification
- Abstract
A real-time quantitative PCR-based detection assay targeting the dnaJ gene (encoding heat shock protein 40) of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus was developed. The assay is sensitive, detecting as little as 1 CFU per ml in seawater and 10(4) CFU per cm(2) of coral tissue. Moreover, inhibition by DNA and cells derived from bacteria other than V. coralliilyticus was minimal. This assay represents a novel approach to coral disease diagnosis that will advance the field of coral disease research.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Phylogeny of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus.
- Author
-
Pollock FJ, Wilson B, Johnson WR, Morris PJ, Willis BL, and Bourne DG
- Abstract
A phenotypic and phylogenetic comparison of geographically disparate isolates of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus was conducted to determine whether the bacterium exists as a single cosmopolitan clonal population, which might indicate rapid spread of a pandemic strain, or is grouped into endemic and genotypically distinct strains. All strains included in this study displayed similar phenotypic characteristics to those of the typed V. coralliilyticus strain LMG 20984(T) . Five phylogenetic marker genes (16S, rpoA, recA, pyrH and dnaJ) frequently used for discriminating closely related Vibrio species and a zinc-metalloprotease gene (vcpA) linked to pathogenicity were sequenced in 13 V. coralliilyticus isolates collected from corals, bivalves, and their surrounding seawater in the Red and Caribbean Seas, and Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. A high level of genetic polymorphism was observed with all isolates possessing unique genotypes at all six genetic loci examined. No consistent lineage structure was observed within the marker genes and homologous recombination was detected in the 16S and vcpA genes, suggesting that V. coralliilyticus does not possess a highly clonal population structure. Interestingly, two geographically distinct (Caribbean/south-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific/north-Atlantic) and highly divergent clades were detected within the zinc-metalloprotease gene, but it is not known if these clades correspond to phenotypic differences in virulence. These findings stress the need for a multi-locus approach for inferring V. coralliilyticus phylogeny and indicate that populations of this bacterium are likely an endemic component of coral reef ecosystems globally., (© 2010 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Pathology of ossicles in chronic otitis media.
- Author
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POLLOCK FJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Chronic Disease, Ear Ossicles pathology, Ear, Middle, Otitis Media pathology
- Published
- 1959
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Radiation necrosis of the ossicles.
- Author
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GYORKEY J and POLLOCK FJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Ear Ossicles radiation effects, Ear, Middle, Medical Records, Radiation Injuries
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Papillary cystadenoma of the sinuses.
- Author
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AIMI K, SHAPIRO LA, and POLLOCK FJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Cystadenoma, Papillary, Neoplasms, Papilloma, Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms, Paranasal Sinuses
- Published
- 1958
26. An oto-audiological evaluation of forty-four premature children.
- Author
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CAMPANELLI PA, POLLOCK FJ, and HENNER R
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Infant, Audiometry, Hearing Disorders, Infant, Premature, Diseases
- Published
- 1958
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The team approach to hearing and speech disorders.
- Author
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HENNER R, POLLOCK FJ, CAMPANELLI PA, PHILLIPS D, and JUDIESCH M
- Subjects
- Humans, Hearing, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Tests, Speech Disorders
- Published
- 1956
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Atypical cholesteatoma.
- Author
-
POLLOCK FJ and NEUENDORF U
- Subjects
- Humans, Bone Cysts, Cholesteatoma, Cysts, Temporal Bone
- Published
- 1956
29. Visual acuity in the aged.
- Author
-
Pollock FJ
- Subjects
- Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Aged, Vision Tests
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Survey of 200 blind veterans as to age, visual acuity and etiology.
- Author
-
Pollock FJ
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Blindness etiology, Blindness rehabilitation, Military Personnel, Optic Atrophy etiology, Visual Acuity, Blindness epidemiology
- Published
- 1972
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