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On July 4, 2023, Samuel Davis, a 26-yearold officer for the Northwoods Police Department in North St. Louis County, took Charles Garmon into custody at a Walgreens. After handcuffing Garmon, [...]

Inorganic gunshot residue (iGSR) analysis, crucial for linking suspects to firearm use, faces challenges from potential environmental contamination, notably in police vehicles. The present study aimed to explore the level of iGSR contamination in police vehicles from the Zagreb County Police Administration (Croatia), considering particle types and their position in vehicles, and to identify associated risk factors. From December 2021 to April 2022, 65 of 86 police vehicles (margin of error: ±6% at a 95% confidence level) were sampled with GSR stubs on the drivers' seats, back seats, and backrests and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (SEM/EDX). Characteristic particles were found in 63.1% of vehicles, 33.8% on the driver's seat, and 24.6% on the back seat/backrest. Indicative particles were found in 70.77% of vehicles, with a fairly even distribution. McNemar's chi‐square analysis showed no significant disparities in positive sample ratios across vehicle parts or particle types (p > 0.05). In total, 228 characteristic and 166 indicative GSR particles were identified, with no notable correlation among them (p = 0.346). Logistic regression analysis identified the transportation of individuals involved in firearms incidents as a statistically significant factor influencing the presence of characteristic particles (p = 0.030). The findings suggest a considerable prevalence of iGSR in the analyzed Police Administration unit, highlighting the need for careful contamination management in police operations to preserve evidence integrity, particularly in cases when individuals who used firearms had been transported in the vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Where is the Public Service in Career Plateau Research?" by Sean Darling discusses the lack of research on career plateaus in the public service sector. The author argues that existing studies have primarily focused on the private sector, neglecting the unique challenges faced by public sector employees. The article emphasizes the importance of studying career plateaus in the public service to address negative impacts on employee commitment and the quality of public services. Future research should explore the differences between public and private sectors, government networks, interaction with government policies, and organizational efforts to promote engagement among public servants. [Extracted from the article]

Despite increasing attention to rapport building or management in police discourse, existing research on how and why particular types of police units such as traffic police officers manage rapport with civilians is still in its infancy. This study draws on a revised model of rapport management to scrutinize a veteran Chinese traffic police officer's discursive management of rapport with civilians during traffic law enforcement. It finds that the officer almost invariably seeks to maintain or enhance rapport with respect to diverse rapport bases through various discursive practices. It is argued that the officer's predominant positive rapport management may signify his effort to meet the requirement of civilized law enforcement in contemporary China. The findings contribute to the rapport-relevant studies in the police discourse through identifying more rapport bases managed by a veteran Chinese traffic police officer, and offering a socio-cultural account of positive rapport management. • The case study reports how a veteran Chinese traffic police officer manages rapport with civilians. • It finds that the officer almost invariably manages positive rapport through various discursive practices. • It identifies undocumented rapport bases managed by the officer. • The officer's rapport management is in line with the requirement of civilized law enforcement in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing Undercover Policing Inquiry (UCPI) is largely a response to a stream of national media scandals that exposed the illegal and unethical behaviour of undercover police officers in two secretive units. The testimony of those who were the targets of undercover operations has further exposed the human costs stemming from the personalised and highly invasive surveillance undertaken by anonymous state agents. In this article, we reflect upon the existing research on covert policing and identify new areas for conceptual and methodological engagement, with a view to better understanding the harms that these secretive operations can generate. Attending to the inherent and inescapable intimacy of covert policing offers a much‐needed opportunity to explore the effects of a unique state practice that can radically alter the lives of individual surveillance subjects, and which tests our conventional understandings of the legitimacy and limits of force, coercion and police power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guanxi is a ubiquitous, intricate, and enduring characteristic of Chinese society and permeates virtually every aspect of Chinese life. Drug policing is no exception. This study attempts to clarify the concept of guanxi and illustrate how guanxi affects police professionalisation in China through observing drug policing conducted by two Anti-Drug Squads and one Anti-Drug Corps in Jixiang City in China and interviewing 25 anti-drug police officers. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. This article defines guanxi as a long-term, interpersonal, and transmittable relationship that is connected by ganqing (affective bonds) and renqing (instrumental bonds). It involves mianzi (face and reputation) maintenance and social reciprocity. It highlights the importance of the Guanxi Base, which has often been omitted in previous literature. It argues that guanxi may result in unfair police management and give rise to renqing cases that undermine police professionalisation and the rule of law. Furthermore, it is argued that police professionalisation may bring about some resistance to political interference, particularly when it violates the law. However, guanxi operates smoothly within legal boundaries during drug policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research summary: This study investigates how information about public opinion and peer practices influences police executives' views on civilian review boards. We applied structural topic modeling in an experimental paradigm, a novel approach diverging from traditional experimental survey methods, to the open‐ended responses of 1331 police executives collected in an original survey experiment. This technique enables the capture of subtle shifts in belief directly from the executives' own words. The experiment systematically varied the information provided to police executives, including state‐level public opinion data from a representative sample of 16,840 U.S. residents, and peer practices in major city police agencies. Our findings reveal that police executives, although generally aligned in their views, demonstrate a readiness to update their beliefs when presented with cohesive local public opinion and information about peer practices in policing. Policy implications: In a democratic society, the core policy beliefs of police executives critically shape the existence and efficacy of civilian oversight mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate the adaptability of police executives in updating their policy positions, reflecting their commitment to informed decision making in response to the dynamic nature of police governance. We find that police executives are willing to update their beliefs related to the public's ability to oversee policing in an unbiased and qualified manner when presented with information about reforms adopted by peer agencies. In contrast, information about public demand for more aggressive forms of oversight can lead to a backlash, increasing the likelihood of police executives to favor existing oversight mechanisms and to doubt the public's qualification. For executives, reformers, and scholars, these findings highlight the limitations of public opinion and benefits of peer influence as mechanisms for policy learning in policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Two perceptions drive interest in finding ways of diverting more 911 calls from police to civilian first responders: (1) police responses can result in inadvertent harm to citizens and (2) many calls to which police respond require services that police often cannot provide. Thus, using other personnel may improve police–citizen relations and strengthen crime fighting by reducing extraneous police burden. Using a case study design, we conducted formative evaluations of programs that have developed beyond pilots in three large U.S. cities: Albuquerque, Atlanta, and Houston. In each city, we interviewed officials, program operators, and other stakeholders and reviewed program documents and statistics. We detail the events and forces that led to the establishment of each program, the way in which the programs have been institutionalized, and the way they interact with the police department. We then discuss key lessons learned for these jurisdictions. Policy Implications: Many U.S. cities are considering diverting some emergency calls for service from police to civilian first responders. This analysis provides evidence to aid policy makers, researchers, and other stakeholders in the development and evaluation of community responder programs. In all respects, we find that cities' unique experiences inform program design. For example, in Albuquerque, a City Hall‐driven initiative established a new city agency parallel to the police department. In Atlanta, decarceration activists drove the initiative; the program is a city/county‐funded nonprofit, more fragile in its funding. Risk aversion among call takers and dispatchers has led to low call diversion rates across all sites, but training and collaboration have shown promise to resolve this problem. Public safety officials external to the diversion programs commonly expressed concerns about first responder safety and perceptions that police are expected when 911 is called. This risk aversion has led to slower‐than‐expected expansion of the program within each city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Scrutiny over the quality of police work continues to increase, at the same time that a recruitment crisis may hinder policing services. Moreover, this crisis exists despite numerous work incentives for officers, which are potentially competitive salaries, early pensions, and legal protections. Using a sample of 604 undergraduate students—a natural recruiting pool for police agencies—this study explores the predictors of students' interest in a career in policing. In addition, we conducted a randomized survey experiment to identify the effect of work incentives on students' willingness to apply to be a police officer upon graduation. Specifically, we manipulated the starting salary, years of service until pension eligibility, and the protection afforded against lawsuits. Finally, we tested whether the effect of these incentives differs across the quality of applicants (i.e., grade point average [GPA], ability to pass existing application criteria, and subjective qualities that comprise honesty, teamwork, and compassion) and their preexisting interest in a career in policing. We found that students are generally uninterested in becoming police officers, particularly when their GPA is high. Though the starting salary was the most impactful of all incentives, some lawsuit protection is key for enticing the best students. In contrast, conditions for pension had only modest if any effects. Policy Implications: Recruiting is key to improving the quality of policing, particularly when many potential candidates are overlooking the career. However, research on the causes and consequences of police recruitment strategies is limited. This study implements rigorous research methods to investigate how to increase the pool of high‐quality applicants to police agencies. Findings support sensible and potentially cost‐effective policy decisions in regard to police recruiting, which should focus on increasing the starting salary, and on more effectively communicating the value of other existing benefits of the career that comprise lawsuit protection and attractive pension plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the historiographical evolution of public order during the Second Republic in Spain, focusing on how sociopolitical conflict and the regime's democratic deficiencies shaped the state's role and limitations. It reviews various perspectives from historians and scholars who have examined the nature of police administration, the impact of state authoritarianism, and the ongoing debates about the effectiveness and legacy of reform efforts in policing during this period.

Marcin Gołaszewski, Metody interpretacji danych w badaniach poligraficznych. Metody interpretacji danych w badaniach poligraficznych [Methods of interpreting data in polygraph examinations, the problem of expert subjectivity in forming opinions], Krakow : Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 2023 (in Polish)By Konrad PorzyckiReported by Author [Extracted from the article]

A primary challenge for the administration of public safety is the implementation of policy that facilitates effective policing and satisfies political pressure over outcomes. I develop a model of police administration that captures the tension between policing outcomes and policing tactics. The model evaluates how police officers' incentives to violate policy limits on their behavior complicate delegation by leaders. Police leaders are motivated to provide discretion so officers may use appropriate tactics for whatever situation they face but also motivated to ensure that police do not abuse discretion and comply with limits on their behavior. I use the model to study the effects of political control of policing policy and insulation of police officers from accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the fires that occurred in colonial Lima and the management of the authorities to control it. The economic, daily and constructive activities caused these fires. Sites at risk of generating them were bakeries, factories and intramural deposits of saltpeter and gunpowder. Risky neighborhood habits were the use of the roofs of the houses as storage areas, carelessness in the use of candles and fireworks during festivities. As for architecture, what could cause fires was the use of the quincha (cane and mud framework), even if it protected from earthquakes. The viceroy, the council and, later, the police administration tried to order the actions to be carried out in the event of the fires, especially in the eighteenth century, such as the availability of fire-fighting instruments, the use of water from the ditches and emergency notices through the ringing of church bells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem formulations in this study are: 1) How is the implementation of crowd licence on Mapasilaga Tedong activities in Tana Toraja? 2) How is the supervision of crowd permits for Mapasilaga Tedong activities in Tana Toraja? This type of research in legal research is research that uses empirical juridical methods with a descriptive research approach. The author's conclusion is: The implementation of the crowd permit for Mapasilaga Tedong activities in Tana Toraja is considered not properly implemented. Because there are still many inhibiting factors in terms of processing crowd permits including Socialisation, lack of public understanding of the procedure for applying for a crowd permit, lack of assertiveness in terms of time provisions from the Police in issuing crowd permits, and making crowd permits through practical ways. The supervision of crowd permits for Mapasilaga Tedong activities in Tana Toraja carried out by the Tana Toraja police has not been able to completely eradicate gambling practices in Mapasilaga Tedong activities. There are several factors that become obstacles to eradicating this violation of the law, namely: A) The police have not fully professionally seen and sorted out between culture and law violations that are considered a culture. B) The lack of role of the local government to assist the police in terms of management and supervision with the absence of local regulations related to crowd permits so that there is no harmonisation between the police and the local government of Tana Toraja in terms of management and supervision of crowd permits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Police Administration: Working Process and Living Conditions of UP Police" is a book that provides a comprehensive analysis of police administration in Uttar Pradesh. It covers various aspects such as law enforcement, housing and welfare issues, organizational strengths and weaknesses, and infrastructural deficits. The book is divided into six chapters, each focusing on different domains of the subject. While the book offers valuable insights, it could have benefited from more critical analysis, a comparative analysis of police administration in other states, and a discussion on innovative approaches such as the use of technology and involvement of the private sector. Overall, it serves as a useful starting point for understanding policing in India. [Extracted from the article]

There are some professionals whose work is always prone to extremes; emergency service workers would fit in to this category. These extremes, however, have typically been short-term aspects of the role punctuated by long periods of normality. This article examines the experiences of line managers in an Australian police service facing pressures both internal and external to the organisation that make extreme working conditions the norm rather than the exception. We use data from forty-seven managers in The Police Service supported by illustrative diary study data to examine their experiences in times of significant change. Our results reveal extreme work resulting from human resource management system out of sync with changes in the expectations of society and media, technological advances in surveillance and social media access and use and an increase volume of 'extreme' weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have examined Hong Kong's hybrid regime by investigating the interactions among activists, the local government, and the Chinese national government. This article adopts the lens of contentious politics and a multi-level approach to understand regime evolution within the local-national-regional-global nexus. It presents an original dataset that records movement tactics and state responses in four major protests and delineates three phases of state-society contention between 2003 and 2020. It explains regime evolution by highlighting five intertwining factors: activists' tactical learning; organisational ecology in civil society; state repression strategies; regional politics in Greater China; and international political economy. It finds that the first phase (2003–2012) was characterised by an increasing use of disruptive tactics, an emergent call for de-centred mobilisation, and a limited deployment of state security forces. The second phase (2013–2015) exhibited nascent applications of violent tactics, while the state employed more forceful police repression, re-engineered the electoral field, and sponsored counter-mobilisation. The most recent phase (2016–2020) showed activists' intensified use of violent tactics and a strong intention to seek international support. The state responded to local threats and international pressure with violent crackdowns and stricter institutional arrangements, which has resulted in an electoral authoritarian regime that is less-than-competitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Verwaltung und Management: Zeitschrift für Moderne Verwaltung (VM) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of this paper is irregular migration and modern models of preventing the smuggling of migrants on the part of the Western Balkan route through the Republic of Serbia. The goal is to show how the new strategic approach of the Serbian police in this area can give excellent results, that the application of modern methods of policing and technical means are aimed at preventing the smuggling of migrants, i.e., the illegal movement and transport of migrants across the state border and state territory to go to countries of the European Union. Based on the conducted research, the authors have drawn certain conclusions: 1) effectiveness, efficiency, and economy in the area of suppression of irregular migration can be achieved by applying an adequate criminal strategy, 2) the new strategic approach led to the discovery and arrest of a large number of people smugglers and the discovery of illegal firearms, 3) the use of modern technical means, coordinated, joint work of different police units and management from a single center by a strategic level manager directly in charge of combating irregular migration and human smuggling in a particular area (territory) which is estimated to be a hotspot of criminal activity, is a prerequisite for success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the incorporation of the ILP approach in the research area. It assesses If this approach has been incorporated into crime fighting in the police station's areas which form part of the research. The research was based in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. The aim was to establish the incorporation of ILP in the day-to-day operation of the police, and 8 participants were drawn between the CIO and OPO stationed in four districts (Mkhanyakude, Zululand, uThukela, and Amajuba). The participants included two former police officers (one former Commander of CI and a former Station Commander) who were used to validate information by active police officers. One District Commander was also interviewed. Qualitative research methodology was followed to conduct the research and a purposive method of data gathering was used targeting police officers who work in crime intelligence units and those who have authority over the operational members of the SAPS. They provided information that was used to determine the incorporation of the ILP in the day-to-day operation of the SAPS in the research area. The paper found that this policing approach has not been incorporated into some components of policing in the research area. The major identified stumbling in the incorporation is the structural arrangement of the Crime Intelligence Unit which does not sync with crime combating at the station level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last ten years, many police organizations around the word have been approaching the implementation of cameras that can be placed on the body of a police officer. By implementing these cameras, police organizations strive to prevent and suppress crime, to improve officer safety, officers' performance and police-community relationship. In September 2023, the Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs started with the pilot project of implementing body worn cameras (BWC) in two organizational units of the traffic police. The research presented in this paper was carried out before the idea of implementation of BWCs in Serbian police practice was born. The research included police officers from five organizational units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The aim of the research was to explore the views and opinions of police officers related to implementation of BWCs. Research results and the authors' conclusions may help the decision-making process related to the BWC implementation in Serbian police practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]