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2. LHCD during current ramp experiments on Alcator C-Mod

Author

Wallace G.M., Poli F., Chilenski M.A., Hughes J.W., Mumgaard R.T., Scott S.D., Shiraiwa S., and Wukitch S.J.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system on Alcator C-Mod is capable of sustaining fully non-inductive discharges for multiple current relaxation times (τcr ∼ 200 ms) at line averaged densities in the range of 5x1019 m-3. Some of these non-inductive discharges develop unstable MHD modes that can greatly reduce current drive performance, particularly in discharges with plasma current of 0.5 MA or less [1,2]. Avoiding these unstable MHD modes motivated an experiment to test if the stable current profile shape of a higher current non-inductive discharge could be achieved in a lower current discharge. Starting from a discharge at 0.8 MA, the plasma current was ramped down to 0.5 MA over 200 ms. The surface voltage of the plasma swings negative during the ramp, with the loop voltage reversal impacting the edge fast electron measurements immediately. Little change can be seen during the Ip ramp in the core fast electron measurements, indicating that the loop voltage reversal does not penetrate fully to the magnetic axis on the timescale of the current ramp. The resulting discharge did not exhibit deleterious MHD instabilities, however the existence of this one discharge does not necessarily represent a robust solution to the problem.

Published
2017
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3. Reduced Physics Model of the Tokamak Scrape-off-Layer for Pulse Design

Author

Zhang, X., Poli, F. M., Emdee, E. D., and Podestà, M.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The dynamic interplay between the core and the edge plasma has important consequences in the confinement and heating of fusion plasma. The transport of the Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL) plasma imposes boundary conditions on the core plasma, and neutral transport through the SOL influences the core plasma sourcing. In order to better study these effects in a self-consistent, time-dependent fashion with reasonable turn-around time, a reduced model is needed. In this paper we introduce the SOL Box Model, a reduced SOL model that calculates the plasma temperature and density in the SOL given the core-to-edge particle and power fluxes and recycling coefficients. The analytic nature of the Box Model allows one to readily incorporate SOL physics in time-dependent transport solvers for pulse design applications in the control room. Here we demonstrate such a coupling with the core transport solver TRANSP and compare the results with density and temperature measurements, obtained through Thomson scattering and Langmuir probes, of an NSTX discharge. Implications for future interpretive and predictive simulations are discussed., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures

Published
2022

4. The hidden uncertainties in particle balance calculations and their implications for assessment of plasma performance

Author

Teplukhina, A. A., Poli, F. M., Podesta, M., Gorelenkova, M., Szepesi, G., Kazakov, Ye. O., Baranov, Y., Stancar, Z., and Contributors, the JET

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Predictive simulations of mixed plasma discharges, like deuterium-tritium plasmas, rely on self-consistent models for particle transport. These models have to be validated with interpretive analysis of existing experiments. Accounting for uncertainties in the particle balance equation is important for modelling of mixed-plasma discharges because simulation results are directly affected by plasma composition. JET deuterium and mixed hydrogen-deuterium plasma discharges heated by neutral beams only are analysed with the TRANSP code. Influence of prescribed quantities and terms entering into the particle balance equation is quantitatively assessed on the computed plasma parameters, in particular on the neutron rate and the plasma energy. Large uncertainties in the prescribed ion temperature, plasma rotation and impurity content might result in a noticeable over- or underestimate of the computed neutron rate. A significant difference in the time evolution of the measured and computed neutron rate is observed in the interpretive simulations if same diffusivity for electrons and thermal ions is assumed. Increased thermal deuterium ion transport is required to reach agreement with the plasma composition measured at the plasma edge and the measured neutron rate. Thermal ion density computed with the particle balance equation is mostly affected by the ion outflux term.

Published
2022

6. A megawatt-level 28 GHz heating system for the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade

Author

Taylor G., Ellis R.A., Fredd E., Gerhardt S. P., Greenough N., Harvey R. W., Hosea J. C., Parker R., Poli F., Raman R., Shiraiwa S., Smirnov A. P., Terry D., Wallace G., and Wukitch S.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) will operate at axial toroidal fields of ≤ 1 T and plasma currents, Ip ≤ 2 MA. The development of non-inductive (NI) plasmas is a major long-term research goal for NSTX-U. Time dependent numerical simulations of 28 GHz electron cyclotron (EC) heating of low density NI start-up plasmas generated by Coaxial Helicity Injection (CHI) in NSTX-U predict a significant and rapid increase of the central electron temperature (Te(0)) before the plasma becomes overdense. The increased Te(0) will significantly reduce the Ip decay rate of CHI plasmas, allowing the coupling of fast wave heating and neutral beam injection. A megawatt-level, 28 GHz electron heating system is planned for heating NI start-up plasmas in NSTX-U. In addition to EC heating of CHI start-up discharges, this system will be used for electron Bernstein wave (EBW) plasma start-up, and eventually for EBW heating and current drive during the Ip flattop.

Published
2015
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7. Application of the Scrape-Off-Layer Fast Ion (SOLFI) code to assess particle motion in mirrors and tokamaks

Author

Zhang, X., Lopez, N. A., Nelson, A. O., Rondini, L., and Poli, F. M.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

This paper introduces the Scrape-Off-Layer Fast Ion (SOLFI) code, which is a new and versatile full-orbit Monte Carlo particle tracer developed to follow fast ion orbits inside and outside the separatrix in tokamaks. SOLFI is benchmarked in a simple straight mirror geometry, showing that the code conserves particle energy and magnetic moment, obtains the correct passing boundary for particles moving in the magnetic mirror field with an imposed electrostatic field, and correctly observes equal ion and electron current at the ambipolar potential predicted from analytical theory. This result has consequences for collisionless scrape-off-layers in spherical tokamaks. We then utilize SOLFI for fundamental physics studies in novel tokamak geometries, exploring the effect of shaping on the trapped particle fraction and bounce locations in tokamaks and demonstrating that negative triangularity can be used to maximize the fraction of particles bouncing in the good-curvature region, potentially leading to enhanced confinement., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures

Published
2021

9. Rotation and Neoclassical Ripple Transport in ITER

Author

Paul, E. J., Landreman, M., Poli, F. M., Spong, D. A., Smith, H. M., and Dorland, W.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Neoclassical transport in the presence of non-axisymmetric magnetic fields causes a toroidal torque known as neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV). The toroidal symmetry of ITER will be broken by the finite number of toroidal field coils and by test blanket modules (TBMs). The addition of ferritic inserts (FIs) will decrease the magnitude of the toroidal field ripple. 3D magnetic equilibria with toroidal field ripple and ferromagnetic structures are calculated for an ITER steady-state scenario using the Variational Moments Equilibrium Code (VMEC). Neoclassical transport quantities in the presence of these error fields are calculated using the Stellarator Fokker-Planck Iterative Neoclassical Conservative Solver (SFINCS). These calculations fully account for $E_r$, flux surface shaping, multiple species, magnitude of ripple, and collisionality rather than applying approximate analytic NTV formulae. As NTV is a complicated nonlinear function of $E_r$, we study its behavior over a plausible range of $E_r$. We estimate the toroidal flow, and hence $E_r$, using a semi-analytic turbulent intrinsic rotation model and NUBEAM calculations of neutral beam torque. The NTV from the $\rvert n \rvert = 18$ ripple dominates that from lower $n$ perturbations of the TBMs. With the inclusion of FIs, the magnitude of NTV torque is reduced by about 75% near the edge. We present comparisons of several models of tangential magnetic drifts, finding appreciable differences only for superbanana-plateau transport at small $E_r$. We find the scaling of calculated NTV torque with ripple magnitude to indicate that ripple-trapping may be a significant mechanism for NTV in ITER. The computed NTV torque without ferritic components is comparable in magnitude to the NBI and intrinsic turbulent torques and will likely damp rotation, but the NTV torque is significantly reduced by the planned ferritic inserts.

Published
2017
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10. Alveolar Epithelial Type 1 Transcriptional Signatures in Bacterial Pneumonia-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Resemble Those of COVID-19 and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)

Author

Waich, A.R., primary, Mckenna, N., additional, Ochsner, S.A., additional, Moss, B.J., additional, Cala Garcia, J.D., additional, Cardenas Castillo, R.E., additional, Poli, F., additional, Narendra, D.K., additional, Ramineni, M., additional, Kato, K., additional, Hecker, L., additional, Coarfa, C., additional, and Rosas, I.O., additional

Published
2024
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14. Overview of NSTX Upgrade initial results and modelling highlights

Author

Menard, JE, Allain, JP, Battaglia, DJ, Bedoya, F, Bell, RE, Belova, E, Berkery, JW, Boyer, MD, Crocker, N, Diallo, A, Ebrahimi, F, Ferraro, N, Fredrickson, E, Frerichs, H, Gerhardt, S, Gorelenkov, N, Guttenfelder, W, Heidbrink, W, Kaita, R, Kaye, SM, Kriete, DM, Kubota, S, LeBlanc, BP, Liu, D, Lunsford, R, Mueller, D, Myers, CE, Ono, M, Park, J-K, Podesta, M, Raman, R, Reinke, M, Ren, Y, Sabbagh, SA, Schmitz, O, Scotti, F, Sechrest, Y, Skinner, CH, Smith, DR, Soukhanovskii, V, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Yuh, H, Wang, Z, Waters, I, Ahn, J-W, Andre, R, Barchfeld, R, Beiersdorfer, P, Bertelli, N, Bhattacharjee, A, Brennan, D, Buttery, R, Capece, A, Canal, G, Canik, J, Chang, CS, Darrow, D, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Domier, C, Ethier, S, Evans, T, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, M, Fonck, R, Gan, K, Gates, D, Goumiri, I, Gray, T, Hosea, J, Humphreys, D, Jarboe, T, Jardin, S, Jaworski, MA, Koel, B, Kolemen, E, Ku, S, La Haye, RJ, Levinton, F, Luhmann, N, Maingi, R, Maqueda, R, McKee, G, Meier, E, Myra, J, Perkins, R, Poli, F, Rhodes, T, Riquezes, J, Rowley, C, Russell, D, Schuster, E, Stratton, B, Stutman, D, Taylor, G, Tritz, K, Wang, W, Wirth, B, and Zweben, SJ

Subjects
NSTX-U, spherical tokamak, Alfven eigenmodes, plasma material interactions, boronization, error fields, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has undergone a major upgrade, and the NSTX Upgrade (NSTX-U) Project was completed in the summer of 2015. NSTX-U first plasma was subsequently achieved, diagnostic and control systems have been commissioned, the H-mode accessed, magnetic error fields identified and mitigated, and the first physics research campaign carried out. During ten run weeks of operation, NSTX-U surpassed NSTX record pulse-durations and toroidal fields (TF), and high-performance ∼1 MA H-mode plasmas comparable to the best of NSTX have been sustained near and slightly above the n = 1 no-wall stability limit and with H-mode confinement multiplier H98y,2 above 1. Transport and turbulence studies in L-mode plasmas have identified the coexistence of at least two ion-gyro-scale turbulent micro-instabilities near the same radial location but propagating in opposite (i.e. ion and electron diamagnetic) directions. These modes have the characteristics of ion-temperature gradient and micro-tearing modes, respectively, and the role of these modes in contributing to thermal transport is under active investigation. The new second more tangential neutral beam injection was observed to significantly modify the stability of two types of Alfven eigenmodes. Improvements in offline disruption forecasting were made in the areas of identification of rotating MHD modes and other macroscopic instabilities using the disruption event characterization and forecasting code. Lastly, the materials analysis and particle probe was utilized on NSTX-U for the first time and enabled assessments of the correlation between boronized wall conditions and plasma performance. These and other highlights from the first run campaign of NSTX-U are described.

Published
2017

15. NBI optimization on SMART and implications for scenario development

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación, Department of Energy. United States, EUROfusion Consortium, Podestà, M., Cruz Zabala, Diego José, Poli, F. M., Domínguez-Palacios Durán, Jesús José, Berkery, J. W., García Muñoz, Manuel, Viezzer, Eleonora, Mancini, Alessio, Segado Fernández, Jorge, Velarde Gallardo, Lina, Kaye, S. M., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación, Department of Energy. United States, EUROfusion Consortium, Podestà, M., Cruz Zabala, Diego José, Poli, F. M., Domínguez-Palacios Durán, Jesús José, Berkery, J. W., García Muñoz, Manuel, Viezzer, Eleonora, Mancini, Alessio, Segado Fernández, Jorge, Velarde Gallardo, Lina, and Kaye, S. M.

Abstract

The SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART) under commissioning at the University of Seville, Spain, aims to explore confinement properties and possible advantages in confinement for compact/spherical tokamaks operating at negative vs. positive triangularity. This work explores the benefits of auxiliary heating through Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) for SMART scenarios beyond the initial Ohmic phase of operations, in support of the device’s mission. Expected values of electron and ion temperature achievable with NBI heating are first predicted for the current flat-top phase, including modeling to optimize the NBI injection geometry to maximize NBI absorption and minimize losses for a given equilibrium. Simulations are then extended for a selected case to cover the current ramp-up phase. Differences with results obtained for the flat-top phase indicate the importance of determining the plasma evolution over time, as well as self-consistently determining the edge plasma parameters for reliable time-dependent simulations. Initial simulation results indicate the advantage of auxiliary NBI heating to achieve nearly double values of pressure and stored energy compared to Ohmic discharges, thus significantly increasing the device’s performance. The scenarios developed in this work will also contribute to diagnostic development and optimization for SMART, as well as providing test cases for initial predictions of macro- and micro-instabilities.

Published
2024

18. Dynamics of viral DNA shedding and culture viral DNA positivity in different clinical samples collected during the 2022 mpox outbreak in Lombardy, Italy

Author

Piralla, A, Mileto, D, Rizzo, A, Ferrari, G, Giardina, F, Gaiarsa, S, Petazzoni, G, Bianchi, M, Salari, F, Bracchitta, F, Sammartino, J, Ferrari, A, Gagliardi, G, Mancon, A, Fenizia, C, Biasin, M, Rovida, F, Paolucci, S, Percivalle, E, Lombardi, A, Micheli, V, Nozza, S, Castagna, A, Moschese, D, Antinori, S, Gori, A, Bonfanti, P, Rossotti, R, Monforte, A, Attanasi, F, Tirani, M, Cereda, D, Baldanti, F, Gismondo, M, Cutrera, M, Cuomo, M, De Poli, F, Campanini, G, Pitrolo, A, Iskandar, E, Cassaniti, I, Bruno, R, Rizzardini, G, Puoti, M, Castelli, F, Corsico, L, Giacomelli, A, Pozza, G, Casalini, G, Raccagni, A, Trentacapilli, B, Bertoni, C, Bruzzesi, E, Candela, C, Tesoro, D, Mule, G, Bandera, A, Bianca Mariani, A, Maffeo, M, Vecchio, R, Piccinelli, S, Piralla, Antonio, Mileto, Davide, Rizzo, Alberto, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Giardina, Federica, Gaiarsa, Stefano, Petazzoni, Greta, Bianchi, Micol, Salari, Federica, Bracchitta, Fiorenza, Sammartino, Josè Camilla, Ferrari, Alessandro, Gagliardi, Gloria, Mancon, Alessandro, Fenizia, Claudio, Biasin, Mara, Rovida, Francesca, Paolucci, Stefania, Percivalle, Elena, Lombardi, Alessandra, Micheli, Valeria, Nozza, Silvia, Castagna, Antonella, Moschese, Davide, Antinori, Spinello, Gori, Andrea, Bonfanti, Paolo, Rossotti, Roberto, Monforte, Antonella D'arminio, Attanasi, Federica, Tirani, Marcello, Cereda, Danilo, Baldanti, Fausto, Gismondo, Maria Rita, Cutrera, Miriam, Cuomo, Marianna, De Poli, Federica, Campanini, Giulia, Pitrolo, Antonino Maria Guglielmo, Iskandar, Elizabeth, Cassaniti, Irene, Bruno, Raffaele, Rizzardini, Giuliano, Puoti, Massimo, Castelli, Francesco, Corsico, Laura, Giacomelli, Andrea, Pozza, Giacomo, Casalini, Giacomo, Raccagni, Angelo, Trentacapilli, Bendetta, Bertoni, Costanza, Bruzzesi, Elena, Candela, Caterina, Tesoro, Daniele, Mule, Giovanni, Bandera, Alessandra, Bianca Mariani, Antonio Muscatello, Maffeo, Manuel, Vecchio, Riccardo, Piccinelli, Sara, Piralla, A, Mileto, D, Rizzo, A, Ferrari, G, Giardina, F, Gaiarsa, S, Petazzoni, G, Bianchi, M, Salari, F, Bracchitta, F, Sammartino, J, Ferrari, A, Gagliardi, G, Mancon, A, Fenizia, C, Biasin, M, Rovida, F, Paolucci, S, Percivalle, E, Lombardi, A, Micheli, V, Nozza, S, Castagna, A, Moschese, D, Antinori, S, Gori, A, Bonfanti, P, Rossotti, R, Monforte, A, Attanasi, F, Tirani, M, Cereda, D, Baldanti, F, Gismondo, M, Cutrera, M, Cuomo, M, De Poli, F, Campanini, G, Pitrolo, A, Iskandar, E, Cassaniti, I, Bruno, R, Rizzardini, G, Puoti, M, Castelli, F, Corsico, L, Giacomelli, A, Pozza, G, Casalini, G, Raccagni, A, Trentacapilli, B, Bertoni, C, Bruzzesi, E, Candela, C, Tesoro, D, Mule, G, Bandera, A, Bianca Mariani, A, Maffeo, M, Vecchio, R, Piccinelli, S, Piralla, Antonio, Mileto, Davide, Rizzo, Alberto, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Giardina, Federica, Gaiarsa, Stefano, Petazzoni, Greta, Bianchi, Micol, Salari, Federica, Bracchitta, Fiorenza, Sammartino, Josè Camilla, Ferrari, Alessandro, Gagliardi, Gloria, Mancon, Alessandro, Fenizia, Claudio, Biasin, Mara, Rovida, Francesca, Paolucci, Stefania, Percivalle, Elena, Lombardi, Alessandra, Micheli, Valeria, Nozza, Silvia, Castagna, Antonella, Moschese, Davide, Antinori, Spinello, Gori, Andrea, Bonfanti, Paolo, Rossotti, Roberto, Monforte, Antonella D'arminio, Attanasi, Federica, Tirani, Marcello, Cereda, Danilo, Baldanti, Fausto, Gismondo, Maria Rita, Cutrera, Miriam, Cuomo, Marianna, De Poli, Federica, Campanini, Giulia, Pitrolo, Antonino Maria Guglielmo, Iskandar, Elizabeth, Cassaniti, Irene, Bruno, Raffaele, Rizzardini, Giuliano, Puoti, Massimo, Castelli, Francesco, Corsico, Laura, Giacomelli, Andrea, Pozza, Giacomo, Casalini, Giacomo, Raccagni, Angelo, Trentacapilli, Bendetta, Bertoni, Costanza, Bruzzesi, Elena, Candela, Caterina, Tesoro, Daniele, Mule, Giovanni, Bandera, Alessandra, Bianca Mariani, Antonio Muscatello, Maffeo, Manuel, Vecchio, Riccardo, and Piccinelli, Sara

Abstract

Background: Mpox virus (MPXV) has recently spread outside of sub-Saharan Africa. This large multicentre study was conducted in Lombardy, the most densely populated Italian region accounting for more than 40% of Italian cases. The present study aims to: i) evaluate the presence and the shedding duration of MPXV DNA in different body compartments correlating the MPXV viability with the time to onset of symptoms; ii) provide evidence of MPXV persistence in different body compartment as a source of infection and iii) characterize the MPXV evolution by whole genome sequencing (WGS) during the outbreak occurred in Italy. Material and methods: The study included 353 patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of MPXV infection screened in several clinical specimens in the period May 24th - September 1st, 2022. Viral isolation was attempted from different biological matrices and complete genome sequencing was performed for 61 MPXV strains. Results: MPXV DNA detection was more frequent in the skin (94.4%) with the longest median time of viral clearance (16 days). The actively-replicating virus in cell culture was obtained for 123/377 (32.6%) samples with a significant higher viral quantity on isolation positive samples (20 vs 31, p < 0.001). The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the high genetic identity of the MPXV strains collected, both globally and within the Lombardy region. Conclusion: Skin lesion is gold standard material and the high viral load and the actively-replicating virus observed in genital sites confirms that sexual contact plays a key role in the viral transmission.

Published
2024

20. Impact of Exercise and Ergonomics on the Perception of Fatigue in Workers: A Pilot Study

Author

Pinetti, A. C. H., Mercer, N. C. H., Zorzi, Y. A., Poli, F., Nogiri, E., Lima, A. C., Oliveira, M. R., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Bagnara, Sebastiano, editor, Tartaglia, Riccardo, editor, Albolino, Sara, editor, Alexander, Thomas, editor, and Fujita, Yushi, editor

Published
2019
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21. Deuxièmes assises de télédermatologie africaines — Lomé (Togo)

Author

Saka, B., Lauressergues, E., Mahamadou, G., Matel, L., Abilogoun, C.A.E.O.S., Adégbidi, H.D., Ahogo, K.C., Akakpo, A.S., Akakpo, C., Akata, E., Amouzou, A., Atsou, K., Bagayoko, C.O., Barruet, R.K., Cissé, M., Dégboe, B., Diallo, M., Ely, S.O., Fabre, J., Faye, O., Gnassingbe, A., Gnossike, J.P., Ihou, E.D., Kébé, M., Kombate, K., Kouame, K., Kouotou, E.A., Larabou, A., Lowa, P.E., Maboudou, A.A., Moise Elégbédé, Y., Mouhari-Toure, A., Nepveu, F., Niamba, P., Poli, F., Rapelanoro Rabenja, F., Seudjip Nono, L.J., Soumah, M.M., Traore, A., Tchangaï-Walla, K., Teclessou, J.N., Tioye, Y.L., Williams, V., Yoboue Yao, P., Garrette, B., Pitche, V.P., and Lorette, G.

Published
2020
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22. Routine CYP2C19 Genotyping to Adjust Thienopyridine Treatment After Primary PCI for STEMI: Results of the GIANT Study

Author

Chevalier, Bernard, Montalescot, Gilles, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Belle, Loïc, Cayla, Guillaume, Le Breton, Hervé, Teiger, Emmanuel, Dambrin, Grégoire, Khalife, K., Schmutz, L., Funck, F., Berthier, R., Piot, C., Hannebicque, G., Montalescot, G., Lognone, T., De Poli, F., Chevalier, B., Lhoest, N., Schneeberger, M., Delarche, N., Faure, A., Aelion, H., Godin, M., Gilard, M., Ritz, B., Barraud, P., Barnay, P., Saïdi, L.N., Le Dref, O., Garot, P., Range, G., Georges, J., Robin, C., Cottin, Y., Belle, L., Souteyrand, G., Lafont, A., Fournier, A., Dupouy, P., Shayne, J., Chapon, P., Boureux, C., Faure, J.P., Ben Amer, H., Furber, A., Ormezzano, O., Bayet, G., Karrillon, G., Maillard, L., Grenzinger, A., Avran, A., Koning, R., Dumant, D., Lamit, X., Dauphin, R., Drogoul, L., Cuisset, T., Wittenberg, O., Peyre, J.P., Laury, P., Robert, R., Belle, Loic, Khalife, Khalife, Funck, François, Berthier, Romain, Piot, Christophe, and Tafflet, Muriel

Published
2020
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23. NSTX-U research advancing the physics of spherical tokamaks

Author

Berkery, John W, primary, Adebayo-Ige, Promise Oluwagbope, additional, Al Khawaldeh, H., additional, Avdeeva, Galina, additional, Baek, Seung Gyou, additional, Banerjee, Santanu, additional, Barada, K., additional, Battaglia, Devon, additional, Bell, Ronald E, additional, Belli, Emily A, additional, Belova, Elena, additional, Bertelli, Nicola, additional, Bisai, Nirmal, additional, Bonoli, Paul T, additional, Boyer, Dan, additional, Butt, Jalal, additional, Candy, Jeff, additional, Chang, Choong Seock, additional, Clauser, Cesar F, additional, Corona Rivera, L.D., additional, Curie, M., additional, de Vries, Peter C, additional, Diab, Raymond, additional, Diallo, Ahmed, additional, Dominski, Julien, additional, Duarte, Vinicius N, additional, Emdee, Eric, additional, Ferraro, N, additional, Fitzpatrick, R., additional, Foley, E L, additional, Fredrickson, Eric, additional, Galante, M., additional, Gan, Kaifu, additional, Gerhardt, Stefan P, additional, Goldston, Robert James, additional, Guttenfelder, W., additional, Hager, R, additional, Hanson, Michael O., additional, Jardin, Stephen C, additional, Jenkins, Thomas G, additional, Kaye, Stanley M, additional, Khodak, Andrei, additional, Kinsey, Jon, additional, Kleiner, Andreas, additional, Kolemen, Egemen, additional, Ku, Seung-Hoe, additional, Lampert, Mate, additional, Leard, Brian, additional, LeBlanc, Benoit P, additional, Lestz, Jeff, additional, Levinton, Fred, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Looby, T., additional, Lunsford, Robert, additional, Macwan, T., additional, Maingi, R, additional, McClenaghan, Joseph, additional, Menard, Jonathan E, additional, Munaretto, Stefano, additional, Ono, Masayuki, additional, Pajares, Andres, additional, Parisi, Jason F, additional, Park, J.-K., additional, Parsons, M., additional, Patel, Bhavin S, additional, Petrov, Yuri V., additional, Podesta, Mario, additional, Poli, F., additional, Porcelli, M., additional, Rafiq, Tariq, additional, Sabbagh, Steve A, additional, Sanchez-Villar, Alvaro, additional, Schuster, Eugenio, additional, Schwartz, J., additional, Sharma, A, additional, Shiraiwa, Syunichi, additional, Sinha, Priyanjana, additional, Smith, David, additional, Smith, Sterling P, additional, Soukhanovskii, V, additional, Staebler, Gary M, additional, Startsev, Edward A, additional, Stratton, Brentley, additional, Thome, Kathreen E, additional, Tierens, Wouter, additional, Tobin, Matthew, additional, Uzun-Kaymak, I, additional, Van Compernolle, Bart, additional, Wai, J, additional, Wang, Weixing, additional, Wehner, Will P, additional, Welander, Anders S, additional, Yang, James, additional, Zamkovska, Veronika, additional, Zhang, X, additional, Zhu, Xiaolong, additional, and Zweben, S, additional

Published
2024
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24. Supercapacitive microbial fuel cells

Author

Rahimnejad, M, Poli, F, Soavi, F, Santoro, C, Poli F., Soavi F., Santoro C., Rahimnejad, M, Poli, F, Soavi, F, Santoro, C, Poli F., Soavi F., and Santoro C.

Abstract

The integration of supercapacitive features in microbial fuel cells (MFC) can solve one of the major limitations of this technology, i.e., the low power output. In this chapter, three different strategies to exploit the supercapacitive features of MFCs are reported and discussed: (i) the integration of high specific surface area elements in the electrode to maximize the capacitive response, (ii) the exploitation of a pulsed discharge, and (iii) the decoration of microbial fuel cell electrodes with inorganic pseudocapacitive components.

Published
2023

28. Early Hierarchical Formation of Massive Galaxies Triggered By Interactions

Author

Menci, N., Cavaliere, A., Fontana, A., Giallongo, E., Poli, F., and Vittorini, V.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

To address the problem concerning the early formation of stars in massive galaxies, we present the results of a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation which includes a physical description of starbursts triggered by galaxy interactions. These originate from the destabilization of cold galactic gas occurring in galaxy encounters, which in part feeds the accretion onto black holes powering quasars, and in part drives circumnuclear starsbursts at redshifts $z\approx 2-4$, preferentially in massive objects. This speeds up the formation of stars in massive galaxies at high redshifts without altering it in low mass galactic halos. Thus, at intermediate $z\approx 1.5-2$ we find that a considerable fraction of the stellar content of massive galaxies is already in place, at variance with the predictions of previous hierarchical models. The resulting high-$z$ star formation rate and B-band luminosity functions, and the luminosity and redshift distribution of galaxies in K-band at $z\lesssim 2$ are all in good agreement with the existing observations concerning the bright galaxy population., Comment: 7 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2003
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29. The assembly of massive galaxies from NIR observations of the Hubble Deep Field South

Author

Fontana, A., Donnarumma, I., Vanzella, E., Giallongo, E., Menci, N., Nonino, M., Saracco, P., Cristiani, S., D'Odorico, S., and Poli, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We use a deep K(AB)<25 galaxy sample in the Hubble Deep Field South to trace the evolution of the cosmological stellar mass density from z~ 0.5 to z~3. We find clear evidence for a decrease of the average stellar mass density at high redshift, 22 is 20^{+20}_{-5} % of the local value. In the mass--limited subsample at z>2, the fraction of passively fading galaxies is at most 25%, although they can contribute up to about 40% of the stellar mass density. On the other hand, star--forming galaxies at z>2 form stars with an average specific rate at least <\dot M/M_*> ~4 x10^{-10} yr$^{-1}$, 3 times higher than the z<~1 value. This implies that UV bright star--forming galaxies are substancial contributors to the rise of the stellar mass density with cosmic time. Although these results are globally consistent with $\Lambda$--CDM scenarios, the present rendition of semi analytic models fails to match the stellar mass density produced by more massive galaxies present at z>2., Comment: Accepted for publication on ApJLetters

Published
2003
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30. The evolution of the galaxy luminosity function in the rest frame blue band up to z=3.5

Author

Poli, F., Giallongo, E., Fontana, A., Menci, N., Zamorani, G., Nonino, M., Saracco, P., Vanzella, E., Donnarumma, I., Salimbeni, S., Cimatti, A., Cristiani, S., Daddi, E., D'Odorico, S., Mignoli, M., Pozzetti, L., and Renzini, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an estimate of the cosmological evolution of the field galaxy luminosity function (LF) in the rest frame 4400 Angstrom B -band up to redshift z=3.5. To this purpose, we use a composite sample of 1541 I--selected galaxies selected down to I_(AB)=27.2 and 138 galaxies selected down to K_(AB)=25 from ground-based and HST multicolor surveys, most notably the new deep JHK images in the Hubble Deep Field South (HDF-S) taken with the ISAAC instrument at the ESO-VLT telescope. About 21% of the sample has spectroscopic redshifts, and the remaining fraction well calibrated photometric redshifts. The resulting blue LF shows little density evolution at the faint end with respect to the local values, while at the bright end (M_B(AB)<-20) a brightening increasing with redshift is apparent with respect to the local LF. Hierarchical CDM models overpredict the number of faint galaxies by about a factor 3 at z=1. At the bright end the predicted LFs are in reasonable agreement only at low and intermediate redshifts (z=1), but fail to reproduce the pronounced brightening observed in the high redshift (z=2-3) LF. This brightening could mark the epoch where a major star formation activity is present in the galaxy evolution., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, Astrophysical Journal Letters, in press

Published
2003
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31. Quasar Evolution Driven by Galaxy Encounters in Hierarchical Structures

Author

Menci, N., Cavaliere, A., Fontana, A., Giallongo, E., Poli, F., and Vittorini, V.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We link the evolution of the galaxies in the hierarchical clustering scenario with the changing accretion rates of cold gas onto the central massive black holes that power the quasars. We base on galaxy interactions as main triggers of accretion; the related scaling laws are taken up from Cavaliere & Vittorini (2000), and grafted to a semi-analytic code for galaxy formation. As a result, at high $z$ the protogalaxies grow rapidly by hierarchical merging; meanwhile, much fresh gas is imported and also destabilized, so the holes are fueled at their full Eddington rates. At lower $z$ the galactic dynamical events are mostly encounters in hierarchically growing groups; now the refueling peters out, as the residual gas is exhausted while the destabilizing encounters dwindle. So, with no parameter tuning other than needed for stellar observables, our model uniquely produces at $z>3$ a rise, and at $z\lesssim 2.5 $ a decline of the bright quasar population as steep as observed. In addition, our results closely fit the observed luminosity functions of quasars, their space density at different magnitudes from $z\approx 5$ to $z\approx 0$, and the local $m_{BH}-\sigma$ relation., Comment: 5 pages. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

Published
2003
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32. The K20 survey. V The evolution of the near-IR Luminosity Function

Author

Pozzetti, L., Cimatti, A., Zamorani, G., Daddi, E., Menci, N., Fontana, A., Renzini, A., Mignoli, M., Poli, F., Saracco, P., Broadhurst, T., Cristiani, S., D'Odorico, S., Giallongo, E., and Gilmozzi, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the galaxy rest-frame near-IR Luminosity Function (LF) and its cosmic evolution to z=1.5 based on a spectroscopic survey of a magnitude limited sample of galaxies with Ks<20 (the K20 survey, Cimatti et al. 2002b). The LFs have been derived in the rest-frame J and Ks bands using 3 z bins (z_mean= 0.5, 1, 1.5) and compared to the local near-IR LF. The faint-end of the LFs is consistent with the local estimates, with no evidence for a change either in the slope or normalization up to z<1.3. Viceversa, the density of luminous galaxies (M_Ks-5logh_70<-25.5) is higher than locally at all z and relatively constant or mildly increasing with z within our sample. The data are consistent with a mild luminosity evolution both in the J and Ks-band up to z=1.5 (DeltaM_J=-0.69+-0.12 and DeltaM_K=-0.54+-0.12 at z=1). Moreover, we find that red and early-type galaxies dominate the bright-end of the LF, and that their number density shows at most a small decrease (<30%) up to z=1, thus suggesting that massive elliptical galaxies were already in place at z=1 and they should have formed their stars and assembled their mass at higher z. There appears to be a correlation of the optical/near-IR colors with near-IR luminosities, the most luminous/massive galaxies being red/old. We find a slow evolution with z of the near-IR comoving luminosity density to z=1.5. Finally, we show that hierarchical models overpredict significantly the density of low luminosity galaxies at z<=1 and underpredict the density of luminous galaxies at z>=1, whereas PLE models are more consistent with the data up to z=1.5. The GIF model (Kaufmann et al. 1999) shows a clear deficiency of red luminous galaxies at z=1 compared to our observations and predicts a decrease of luminous galaxies with z not observed in our sample., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures. To appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Replaced by the printed version

Published
2003
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33. Effectiveness of topical use of Lietofix® in wound healing after pilonidalis sinus excision: a multicenter study by the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR)

Author

SICCR PILONIDALIS STUDY GROUP, Giannini, I., Andreoli, R., Bianchi, F. P., Cavallaro, V., Corno, F., Geccherle, A., Ghiglione, F., Legnaro, A., Losacco, L., Marola, S., Orlandi, S., Pecorella, G., Pennisi, D., Perinotti, R., Poli, F., Pozzo, M., Pulzato, L., Schembari, E., Tafuri, S., Tegon, G., Tricomi, N., Velci, L., Vittadello, F., and Santoro, G. A.

Published
2019
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34. An ESO/VLT survey of NIR (Z<=25) selected galaxies at redshifts 4.5<z<6: constraining the cosmic star formation rate near the reionization epoch

Author

Fontana, A., Poli, F., Menci, N., Nonino, M., Giallongo, E., Cristiani, S., and D'Odorico, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of a VLT and HST imaging survey aimed at the identification of 4.54.5 galaxies. The resulting integral surface density of the Z<25 candidates at z>4.5z is in the range 0.13-0.44/arcmin^2 and that in the highest redshift bin 5

Published
2002
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35. The K20 survey. IV. The redshift distribution of Ks<20 galaxies: a test of galaxy formation models

Author

Cimatti, A., Pozzetti, L., Mignoli, M., Daddi, E., Menci, N., Poli, F., Fontana, A., Renzini, A., Zamorani, G., Broadhurst, T., Cristiani, S., D'Odorico, S., Giallongo, E., and Gilmozzi, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the redshift distribution of a complete sample of 480 galaxies with Ks<20 distributed over two independent fields covering a total area of 52 arcmin^2. The redshift completeness is 87% and 98% respectively with spectroscopic and high-quality and tested photometric redshifts. The redshift distribution of field galaxies has a median redshift z_{med}\sim 0.80, with \sim 32% and \sim 9% of galaxies at z>1 and z>1.5 respectively. A ``blind'' comparison is made with the predictions of a set of the most recent LambdaCDM hierarchical merging and pure luminosity evolution (PLE) models. The hierarchical merging models overpredict and underpredict the number of galaxies at low-z and high-z respectively, whereas the PLE models match the median redshift and the low-z distribution, still being able to follow the high-z tail of N(z). We briefly discuss the implications of this comparison and the possible origins of the observed discrepancies. We make the redshift distribution publicly available., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters

Published
2002
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36. The K20 survey. III. Photometric and spectroscopic properties of the sample

Author

Cimatti, A., Mignoli, M., Daddi, E., Pozzetti, L., Fontana, A., Saracco, P., Poli, F., Renzini, A., Zamorani, G., Broadhurst, T., Cristiani, S., D'Odorico, S., Giallongo, E., Gilmozzi, R., and Menci, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The K20 survey is an ESO VLT optical and near-infrared spectroscopic survey aimed at obtaining spectral information and redshifts of a complete sample of about 550 objects to K_s\leq20.0 over two independent fields with a total area of 52 arcmin^2. In this paper we discuss the scientific motivation of such a survey, we describe the photometric and spectroscopic properties of the sample, and we release the $K_s$-band photometric catalog. Extensive simulations showed that the sample is photometrically highly complete to K_s=20. The observed galaxy counts and the R-K_s color distribution are consistent with literature results. We observed spectroscopically 94% of the sample, reaching a spectroscopic redshift identification completeness of 92% to K_s\leq20.0 for the observed targets, and of 87% for the whole sample (i.e. counting also the unobserved targets). Deep spectroscopy was complemented with multi-band deep imaging in order to derive tested and reliable photometric redshifts for the galaxies lacking spectroscopic redshifts. The results show a very good agreement between the spectroscopic and the photometric redshifts with =0.01 and with a dispersion of \sigma_{\Delta z}=0.09. Using both the spectroscopic and the photometric redshifts, we reached an overall redshift completeness of about 98%. The size of the sample, the redshift completeness, the availability of high quality photometric redshifts and multicolor spectral energy distributions make the K20 survey database one of the most complete samples available to date for constraining the currently competing scenarios of galaxy formation and for a variety of other galaxy evolution studies., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2002
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37. Binary Aggregations in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation: The Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function

Author

Menci, N., Cavaliere, A., Fontana, A., Giallongo, E., and Poli, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We develop a semi-analytic model of hierarchical galaxy formation with an improved treatment of the evolution of galaxies inside dark matter haloes. We take into account not only dynamical friction processes building up the central dominant galaxy, but also binary aggregations of satellite galaxies inside a common halo described using the kinetic Smoluchowski equation. The description of gas cooling, star formation and evolution, and Supernova feedback follows the standard prescriptions widely used in semi-analytic modelling. We find that binary aggregations are effective in depleting the number of small/intermediate mass galaxies over the redshift range 1-16. We compare our predicted luminosity functions with those obtained from deep multicolor surveys in the rest-frame B and UV bands for the redshift ranges 01 and even more at z ~ 3 by the effect of binary aggregations. The predictions from our dynamical model are discussed and compared with the effects of complementary processes which may conspire in affecting the shape of the luminosity function., Comment: 17 pages, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal; typos and line styles corrected

Published
2002
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38. The K20 survey. II. The Different Spatial Clustering of z~1 Old and Dusty Star-Forming EROs

Author

Daddi, E., Cimatti, A., Broadhurst, T., Renzini, A., Zamorani, G., Mignoli, M., Saracco, P., Fontana, A., Pozzetti, L., Poli, F., Cristiani, S., D'Odorico, S., Giallongo, E., Gilmozzi, R., and Menci, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We compare the 3D clustering of old passively-evolving and dusty star-forming z~1 EROs from the K20 survey. With detailed simulations of clustering, the comoving correlation length of dusty star-forming EROs is constrained to be less than r_0~2.5 Mpc/h. In contrast, the old EROs are much more positively correlated, with 5.5<~r_0/(Mpc/h)<~16, consistent with previous claims for z~1 field early-type galaxies based on analyses of ERO angular clustering. The low level of clustering of dusty star-forming EROs does not support these to be major mergers building up an elliptical galaxy, or typical counterparts of SCUBA sources, but it is instead consistent with the weak clustering of high redshift blue galaxies and of luminous local IRAS galaxies. Current hierarchical merging models can explain the large r_0 for z~1 field early-type galaxies, but fail in matching their high number density and overall old ages., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. A&A Letters, in press

Published
2002
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39. The K20 survey. I. Disentangling old and dusty star-forming galaxies in the ERO population

Author

Cimatti, A., Daddi, E., Mignoli, M., Pozzetti, L., Renzini, A., Zamorani, G., Broadhurst, T., Fontana, A., Saracco, P., Poli, F., Cristiani, S., D'Odorico, S., Giallongo, E., Gilmozzi, R., and Menci, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of VLT optical spectroscopy of a complete sample of 78 EROs with R-Ks\geq5 over a field of 52 arcmin^2. About 70% of the 45 EROs with Ks\leq19.2 have been spectroscopically identified with old passively evolving and dusty star-forming galaxies at 0.7

Published
2001
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40. Deep near-IR observations of the Chandra Deep Field and of the HDF-South - Color and Number Counts

Author

Saracco, P., Giallongo, E., Cristiani, S., D'Odorico, S., Fontana, A., Iovino, A., Poli, F., and Vanzella, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present near-IR (J and Ks) number counts and colors of galaxies detected in deep VLT-ISAAC images centered on the Chandra Deep Field and Hubble Deep Field-South for a total area of 13.6 arcmin$^2$. The limiting surface brightness obtained is Ks$\simeq$22.8 mag/arcsec$^2$ and J$\simeq$24.5 (1$\sigma$) on both fields. A d$log$N/dm relation with a slope of $\sim0.34$ in J and $\sim0.28$ in Ks is found in both fields with no evidence of decline near the magnitude limit. The median J-Ks color of galaxies becomes bluer at magnitudes fainter than Ks$\sim18$, in agreement with the different number counts slope observed in the two bands. We find a fraction ($\le5%$ of the total sample) of sources with color redder than J-Ks=2.3 at magnitudes Ks$>20$. Most of them appear as isolated sources, possibly elliptical or dusty starburst galaxies at redshift $z>2$. The comparison of the observed number counts with models shows that our J-band and Ks-band counts are consistent with the prediction of a model based on a small amount of merging in a $\Omega=1$ cosmology. On the other hand, we fail to reproduce the observed counts if we do not consider merging independently of the parameters defining the universe., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2001
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42. Photometric redshifts and selection of high redshift galaxies in the NTT and Hubble Deep Fields

Author

Fontana, A., D'Odorico, S., Poli, F., Giallongo, E., Arnouts, S., Cristiani, S., Moorwood, A., and Saracco, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present and compare in this paper new photometric redshift catalogs of the galaxies in three public fields: the NTT Deep Field, the HDF-N and the HDF-S. Photometric redshifts have been obtained for thewhole sample, by adopting a $\chi^2$ minimization technique on a spectral library drawn from the Bruzual and Charlot synthesis models, with the addition of dust and intergalactic absorption. The accuracy, determined from 125 galaxies with known spectroscopic redshifts, is $\sigma_z\sim 0.08 (0.3)$ in the redshift intervals $z=0-1.5 (1.5-3.5)$. The global redshift distribution of I-selected galaxies shows a distinct peak at intermediate redshifts, z~0.6 at I_{AB}<26 and z~0.8 at I_{AB}<27.5 followed by a tail extending to z~6. We also present for the first time the redshift distribution of the total IR-selected sample to faint limits ($Ks \leq 21$ and $J\leq22$). It is found that the number density of galaxies at 1.255 candidates in the HDF filter set and that the 4 brightest candidates at $z>5$ in the HDF-S are indeed most likely M stars. (ABRIDGED), Comment: Version accepted on July, 20, 2000. To appear on Astronomical Journal, Nov 2000. The data and photometric redshift catalogs presented here are available on line at http://www.mporzio.astro.it/HIGHZ

Published
2000
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43. Comparing the Evolution of the Galaxy Disk Sizes with CDM Models: The Hubble Deep Field

Author

Giallongo, E., Menci, N., Poli, F., D'Odorico, S., and Fontana, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The intrinsic sizes of the field galaxies with I<26 in the Hubble and ESO-NTT Deep Fields are shown as a function of their redshifts and absolute magnitudes using photometric redshifts derived from the multicolor catalogs and are compared with the CDM predictions. Extending to lower luminosities and to higher z our previous analysis performed on the NTT field alone, we find that the distribution of the galaxy disk sizes at different cosmic epochs is within the range predicted by typical CDM models. However, the observed size distribution of faint (M_B>-19) galaxies is skewed with respect to the CDM predictions and an excess of small-size disks (R_d<2 kpc) is already present at z~ 0.5. The excess persists up to z~3 and involves brighter galaxies . Such an excess may be reduced if luminosity-dependent effects, like starburst activity in interacting galaxies, are included in the physical mechanisms governing the star formation history in CDM models., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Letters in press

Published
2000
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44. The Evolution of the Galaxy Sizes in the NTT Deep Field: a Comparison with CDM Models

Author

Poli, F., Giallongo, E., Menci, N., D'Odorico, S., and Fontana, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The sizes of the field galaxies with I<25 have been measured in the NTT Deep Field. Intrinsic sizes have been obtained after deconvolution of the PSF with a multigaussian method. The reliability of the method has been tested using both simulated data and HST observations of the same field. The distribution of the half light radii is peaked at r_{hl} 0.3 arcsec, in good agreement with that derived from HST images at the same magnitude. An approximate morphological classification has been obtained using the asymmetry and concentration parameters. The intrinsic sizes of the galaxies are shown as a function of their redshifts and absolute magnitudes using photometric redshifts derived from the multicolor catalog. While the brighter galaxies with morphological parameters typical of the normal spirals show a flat distribution in the range r_{d}=1-6 kpc, the fainter population at 0.4

Published
1999
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45. High redshift evolution of optically and IR-selected galaxies: a comparison with CDM scenarios

Author

Fontana, A., Menci, N., D'Odorico, S., Giallongo, E., Poli, F., Cristiani, S., Moorwood, A., and Saracco, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A combination of ground-based (NTT and VLT) and HST (HDF-N and HDF-S) public imaging surveys have been used to collect a sample of 1712 I-selected and 319 $K\leq 21$ galaxies. Photometric redshifts have been obtained for all these galaxies. The results have been compared with the prediction of an analytic rendition of the current CDM hierarchical models for galaxy formation. We focus in particular on two observed quantities: the galaxy redshift distribution at K<21 and the evolution of the UV luminosity density. The derived photometric redshift distribution is in agreement with the hierarchical CDM prediction, with a fraction of only 5% of galaxies detected at z>2. This result strongly supports hierarchical scenarios where present-day massive galaxies are the result of merging processes. The observed UV luminosity density in the I-selected sample is confined within a factor of 4 over the whole range 03. CDM models in $\Lambda$-dominated universe are in better agreement at 3

Published
1999
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46. The VLT observations of the HDF-S NICMOS field: photometric catalog and high redshift galaxy candidates

Author

Fontana, A., D'Odorico, S., Fosbury, R., Giallongo, E., Hook, R., Poli, F., Renzini, A., Rosati, P., and Viezzer, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the deep UBVRI observations of the HDF-S NICMOS field obtained as part of the Science Verification of the VLT Unit 1 telescope. The images have been used to construct object catalogs and to obtain photometric redshifts. The effective field of view is $\simeq 70\times70$ arcsec$^2$, and the formal $5\sigma$ limiting magnitudes (in a 2 FWHM aperture) are 26.3, 27.8, 27.5, 26.9, 25.2 in the $U$, $B$, $V$, $R$ and $I$ bands, respectively. Thanks to the sub-arcsecond image quality, relatively long exposure time, and large collecting area of the VLT, this is the deepest set of multicolor images ever obtained from a ground-based telescope. Galaxy counts have been derived independently in each band, and show no significant departures from previous data from wider areas. A multicolor photometric catalog of all the galaxies selected in the $R$ band has also been obtained and used to derive photometric redshifts for all galaxies with $R \leq 26.5 $, using also the J,H and K magnitudes from the NICMOS deep observations. A significant fraction (\simeq 28%)of the galaxies is placed at $z\geq 2$. Among them, six robust candidates are found at $z \geq 2.5$ ., Comment: Accepted on A&A Letters, Special VLT Letter section in March 1999

Published
1999

47. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions

Author

Mazzi, S., Garcia, J., Zarzoso, D., Kazakov, Y., Ongena, J., Dreval, M., Nocente, M., Stancar, Z., Szepesi, G., Eriksson, J., Sahlberg, A., Benkadda, S., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson Sunden, E., Andrew, P., Angelini, B., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V., Banks, J., Baranov, Y., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Ben Yaala, M., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bílkova, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Bozicevic Mihalic, I., Bradnam, S., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, t., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J., Coffey, I., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Crialesi Esposito, M., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombe, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R., Donne, A., Dorling, S., Dormido-Canto, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, P., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, T., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., Haroun, H., 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moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Plasma Physics (LPP), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (Ukraine), V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (KhNU), Dipartimento di Fisica (Milano), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Milano] (CNR), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant agreement No 633053., Mazzi, S, Garcia, J, Zarzoso, D, Kazakov, Y, Ongena, J, Dreval, M, Nocente, M, Stancar, Z, Szepesi, G, Eriksson, J, Sahlberg, A, Benkadda, S, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, 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K., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann, W., Zychor, I., JET Contributors, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas, Applied Physics and Science Education, Kazakov, Yo, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Culham Science Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, European Commission, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Milan - Bicocca, Aalto University, General Atomics, ITER, University of Toyama, CEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Royal Military Academy, Seoul National University, Chalmers University of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and Aalto-yliopisto

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Settore FIS/01, Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari, General Physics and Astronomy, simulation, magnetically confined plasma, nuclear fusion, tokamaks, turbulence suppression, Plasma, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], confinement, transport, Alpha particles, Fusion reactors, Turbulence, physics
Abstract

openaire: EC/H2020/633053/EU//EUROfusion Funding Information: We thank M. Baruzzo and F. Nave for the preparation and execution of JET experiments discussed in this paper; E. de la Luna for support in detailing the experimental diagnostics of JET; A. Ho for assistance in processing the experimental data; T. Görler for providing essential advice to ensure the correct numerical setup for the GENE modelling reported in this paper; Y. Camenen, X. Garbet and A. Bierwage for fruitful discussions about the gyrokinetic analyses; G. Giruzzi for valuable suggestions on the article strategy. The simulations were performed on the IRENE Joliot-Curie HPC system, in the framework of the PRACE projects IONFAST and AFIETC, led by J. Garcia, and on the CINECA Marconi HPC within the project GENE4EP, led by D. Zarzoso. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions express herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Part of the work by Ye. O. Kazakov and J.Ongena was also carried out in the framework of projects done for the ITER Scientist Fellow Network (ISFN). Funding Information: We thank M. Baruzzo and F. Nave for the preparation and execution of JET experiments discussed in this paper; E. de la Luna for support in detailing the experimental diagnostics of JET; A. Ho for assistance in processing the experimental data; T. Görler for providing essential advice to ensure the correct numerical setup for the GENE modelling reported in this paper; Y. Camenen, X. Garbet and A. Bierwage for fruitful discussions about the gyrokinetic analyses; G. Giruzzi for valuable suggestions on the article strategy. The simulations were performed on the IRENE Joliot-Curie HPC system, in the framework of the PRACE projects IONFAST and AFIETC, led by J. Garcia, and on the CINECA Marconi HPC within the project GENE4EP, led by D. Zarzoso. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions express herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Part of the work by Ye. O. Kazakov and J.Ongena was also carried out in the framework of projects done for the ITER Scientist Fellow Network (ISFN). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.

Published
2022
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48. Disruption prediction with artificial intelligence techniques in tokamak plasmas

Author

Vega, J, Murari, A, Dormido-Canto, S, Ratta, G, Gelfusa, M, Mailloux, J, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afanasev, V, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alekseev, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amosov, V, Sunden, E, Andrew, P, Angelini, B, Angioni, C, Antoniou, I, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Aria, S, Ariola, M, Artaserse, G, Arter, W, Artigues, V, Asakura, N, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Astrain, M, Asztalos, O, Auld, D, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bairaktaris, F, Balbin, J, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, C, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, V, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barcellona, C, Barnard, A, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barth, A, Baruzzo, M, Barwell, S, Bassan, M, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckett, D, 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S., Beckett D., Begolli A., Beidler M., Bekris N., Beldishevski M., Belli E., Belli F., Belonohy E., Yaala M. B., Benayas J., Bentley J., Bergsaker H., Bernardo J., Bernert M., Berry M., Bertalot L., Betar H., Beurskens M., Bickerton S., Bieg B., Bielecki J., Bierwage A., Biewer T., Bilato R., Bilkova P., Birkenmeier G., Bishop H., Bizarro J. P. S., Blackburn J., Blanchard P., Blatchford P., Bobkov V., Boboc A., Bohm P., Bohm T., Bolshakova I., Bolzonella T., Bonanomi N., Bonfiglio D., Bonnin X., Bonofiglo P., Boocock S., Booth A., Booth J., Borba D., Borodin D., Borodkina I., Boulbe C., Bourdelle C., Bowden M., Boyd K., Bozicevic Mihalic I., Bradnam S. C., Braic V., Brandt L., Bravanec R., Breizman B., Brett A., Brezinsek S., Brix M., Bromley K., Brown B., Brunetti D., Buckingham R., Buckley M., Budny R., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Buratti P., Burgess A., Buscarino A., Busse A., Butcher D., de la Cal E., Calabro G., Calacci L., Calado R., Camenen Y., Canal G., Cannas B., Cappelli M., Carcangiu S., Card P., Cardinali A., Carman P., Carnevale D., Carr M., Carralero D., Carraro L., Carvalho I. S., Carvalho P., Casiraghi I., Casson F. J., Castaldo C., Catalan J. P., Catarino N., Causa F., Cavedon M., Cecconello M., Challis C. D., Chamberlain B., Chang C. S., Chankin A., Chapman B., Chernyshova M., Chiariello A., Chmielewski P., Chomiczewska A., Chone L., Ciraolo G., Ciric D., Citrin J., Ciupinski T., Clark M., Clarkson R., Clements C., Cleverly M., Coad J. P., Coates P., Cobalt A., Coccorese V., Coelho R., Coenen J. W., Coffey I. H., Colangeli A., Colas L., Collins C., Collins J., Collins S., Conka D., Conroy S., Conway B., Conway N. J., Coombs D., Cooper P., Cooper S., Corradino C., Corrigan G., Coster D., Cox P., Craciunescu T., Cramp S., Crapper C., Craven D., Craven R., Esposito M. C., Croci G., Croft D., Croitoru A., Crombe K., Cronin T., Cruz N., Crystal C., Cseh G., Cufar A., Cullen A., Curuia M., Czarski T., Dabirikhah H., Dal Molin A., Dale E., Dalgliesh P., Dalley S., Dankowski J., David P., Davies A., Davies S., Davis G., Dawson K., Dawson S., Day I. E., De Bock M., De Temmerman G., De Tommasi G., Deakin K., Deane J., Dejarnac R., Del Sarto D., Delabie E., Del-Castillo-Negrete D., Dempsey A., Dendy R. O., Devynck P., Di Siena A., Di Troia C., Dickson T., Dinca P., Dittmar T., Dobrashian J., Doerner R. P., Donne A. J. 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A., Huynh P., Hynes A., Iliasova M., lmrie D., lmrisek M., lngleby J., Innocente P., Bjork K. I., Isernia N., lvanova-Stanik I., lvings E., Jablonski S., Jachmich S., Jackson T., Jacquet P., Jarleblad H., Jaulmes F., Rodriguez J. J., Jepu I., Joffrin E., Johnson R., Johnson T., Johnston J., Jones C., Jones G., Jones L., Jones N., Jones T., Joyce A., Juarez R., Juvonen M., Kalnina P., Kaltiaisenaho T., Kaniewski J., Kantor A., Kappatou A., Karhunen J., Karkinsky D., Kashchuk Y., Kaufman M., Kaveney G., Kazakov Y. E. O., Kazantzidis V., Keeling D. L., Kelly R., Kempenaars M., Kennedy C., Kennedy D., Kent J., Khan K., Khilkevich E., Kiefer C., Kilpelainen J., Kim C., Kim H. -T., Kim S. H., King D. B., King R., Kinna D., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., kiviniemi T., Kizane G., Klas M., Klepper C., Klix A., Kneale G., Knight M., Knight P., Knights R., Knipe S., Knolker M., Knott S., Kocan M., Kochl F., Kodeli I., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Kong M., Korovin V., Kos B., Kos D., Koslowski H. R., Kotschenreuther M., Koubiti M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Koziol K., Krasilnikov A., Krasilnikov V., Kresina M., Krieger K., Krishnan N., Krivska A., Kruezi U., Ksiezek I., Kukushkin A. B., Kumpulainen H., Kurki-Suonio T., Kurotaki H., Kwak S., Kwon O. J., Laguardia L., Lagzdina E., Lahtinen A., Laing A., Lam N., Lambertz H. T., Lane B., Lane C., Neto E. L., Laszyriska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Learoyd G., Lee C., Lee S. E., Leerink S., Leeson T., Lefebvre X., Leggate H. J., Lehmann J., Lehnen M., Leichtle D., Leipold F., Lengar I., Lennholm M., Gutierrez E. 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F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mauriya A., Maviglia F., Mayer M., Mayoral M. -L., Mazzi S., Mazzotta C., McAdams R., McCarthy P. J., McClements K. G., McClenaghan J., McCullen P., McDonald D. C., McGuckin D., McHugh D., Mclntyre G., McKean R., McKehon J., McMillan B., McNamee L., McShee A., Meakins A., Medley S., Meekes C. J., Meghani K., Meigs A. G., Meisl G., Meitner S., Menmuir S., Mergia K., Merriman S., Mertens P., Meshchaninov S., Messiaen A., Michling R., Middleton P., Middleton-Gear D., Mietelski J., Milanesio D., Milani E., Militello F., Asp A. M., Milnes J., Milocco A., Miloshevsky G., Minghao C., Minucci S., Miron I., Miyamoto M., Mlynar J., Moiseenko V., Monaghan P., Monakhov I., Moody T., Moon S., Mooney R., Moradi S., Morales J., Morales R. 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A., Huynh P., Hynes A., Iliasova M., lmrie D., lmrisek M., lngleby J., Innocente P., Bjork K. I., Isernia N., lvanova-Stanik I., lvings E., Jablonski S., Jachmich S., Jackson T., Jacquet P., Jarleblad H., Jaulmes F., Rodriguez J. J., Jepu I., Joffrin E., Johnson R., Johnson T., Johnston J., Jones C., Jones G., Jones L., Jones N., Jones T., Joyce A., Juarez R., Juvonen M., Kalnina P., Kaltiaisenaho T., Kaniewski J., Kantor A., Kappatou A., Karhunen J., Karkinsky D., Kashchuk Y., Kaufman M., Kaveney G., Kazakov Y. E. O., Kazantzidis V., Keeling D. L., Kelly R., Kempenaars M., Kennedy C., Kennedy D., Kent J., Khan K., Khilkevich E., Kiefer C., Kilpelainen J., Kim C., Kim H. -T., Kim S. H., King D. B., King R., Kinna D., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., kiviniemi T., Kizane G., Klas M., Klepper C., Klix A., Kneale G., Knight M., Knight P., Knights R., Knipe S., Knolker M., Knott S., Kocan M., Kochl F., Kodeli I., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Kong M., Korovin V., Kos B., Kos D., Koslowski H. R., Kotschenreuther M., Koubiti M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Koziol K., Krasilnikov A., Krasilnikov V., Kresina M., Krieger K., Krishnan N., Krivska A., Kruezi U., Ksiezek I., Kukushkin A. B., Kumpulainen H., Kurki-Suonio T., Kurotaki H., Kwak S., Kwon O. J., Laguardia L., Lagzdina E., Lahtinen A., Laing A., Lam N., Lambertz H. T., Lane B., Lane C., Neto E. L., Laszyriska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Learoyd G., Lee C., Lee S. E., Leerink S., Leeson T., Lefebvre X., Leggate H. J., Lehmann J., Lehnen M., Leichtle D., Leipold F., Lengar I., Lennholm M., Gutierrez E. L., Lepiavko B., Leppanen J., Lerche E., Lescinskis A., Lewis J., Leysen W., Li L., Li Y., Likonen J., Linsmeier C., Lipschultz B., Litaudon X., Litherland-Smith E., Liu F., Loarer T., Loarte A., Lobel R., Lomanowski B., Lomas P. J., Lopez J. M., Lorenzini R., Loreti S., Losada U., Loschiavo V. P., Loughlin M., Louka Z., Lovell J., Lowe T., Lowry C., Lubbad S., Luce T., Lucock R., Lukin A., Luna C., de la Luna E., Lungaroni M., Lungu C. P., Lunt T., Lutsenko V., Lyons B., Lyssoivan A., Machielsen M., Macusova E., Maenpaa R., Maggi C. F., Maggiora R., Magness M., Mahesan S., Maier H., Maingi R., Malinowski K., Manas P., Mantica P., Mantsinen M. J., Manyer J., Manzanares A., Maquet P., Marceca G., Marcenko N., Marchetto C., Marchuk O., Mariani A., Mariano G., Marin M., Marinelli M., Markovic T., Marocco D., Marot L., Marsden S., Marsh J., Marshall R., Martellucci L., Martin A., Martin A. J., Martone R., Maruyama S., Maslov M., Masuzaki S., Matejcik S., Mattei M., Matthews G. F., Matveev D., Matveeva E., Mauriya A., Maviglia F., Mayer M., Mayoral M. -L., Mazzi S., Mazzotta C., McAdams R., McCarthy P. J., McClements K. G., McClenaghan J., McCullen P., McDonald D. C., McGuckin D., McHugh D., Mclntyre G., McKean R., McKehon J., McMillan B., McNamee L., McShee A., Meakins A., Medley S., Meekes C. J., Meghani K., Meigs A. G., Meisl G., Meitner S., Menmuir S., Mergia K., Merriman S., Mertens P., Meshchaninov S., Messiaen A., Michling R., Middleton P., Middleton-Gear D., Mietelski J., Milanesio D., Milani E., Militello F., Asp A. M., Milnes J., Milocco A., Miloshevsky G., Minghao C., Minucci S., Miron I., Miyamoto M., Mlynar J., Moiseenko V., Monaghan P., Monakhov I., Moody T., Moon S., Mooney R., Moradi S., Morales J., Morales R. B., Mordijck S., Moreira L., Morgan L., Moro F., Morris J., Morrison K. -M., Moser L., Moulton D., Mrowetz T., Mundy T., Muraglia M., Muraro A., Muthusonai N., N'Konga B., Na Y. -S., Nabais F., Naden M., Naish J., Naish R., Napoli F., Nardon E., Naulin V., Nave M. F. F., Nedzelskiy I., Nemtsev G., Nesenevich V., Nestoras I., Neu R., Neverov V. S., Ng S., Nicassio M., Nielsen A. H., Nina D., Nishijima D., Noble C., Nobs C. R., Nocente M., Nodwell D., Nordlund K., Nordman H., Normanton R., Noterdaeme J. M., Nowak S., Nunn E., Nystrom H., Oberparleiter M., Obryk B., O'Callaghan J., Odupitan T., Oliver H. J. C., Olney R., O'Mullane M., Ongena J., Organ E., Orsitto F., Orszagh J., Osborne T., Otin R., Otsuka T., Owen A., Oya Y., Oyaizu M., Paccagnella R., Pace N., Packer L. W., Paige S., Pajuste E., Palade D., Pamela S. J. P., Panadero N., Panontin E., Papadopoulos A., Papp G., Papp P., Parail V. V., Pardanaud C., Parisi J., Diaz F. P., Parsloe A., Parsons M., Parsons N., Passeri M., Patel A., Pau A., Pautasso G., Pavlichenko R., Pavone A., Pawelec E., Soldan C. P., Peacock A., Pearce M., Peluso E., Penot C., Pepperell K., Pereira R., Pereira T., Cippo E. P., Pereslavtsev P., Perez von Thun C., Pericoli V., Perry D., Peterka M., Petersson P., Petravich G., Petrella N., Peyman M., Pillon M., Pinches S., Pintsuk G., Pires de Sa W., Pires dos Reis A., Piron C., Piron L., Pironti A., Pitts R., van de Plassche K. L., Platt N., Plyusnin V., Podesta M., Pokol G., Poli F. M., Pompilian O. G., Popovichev S., Poradzinski M., Porfiri M. T., Porkolab M., Porosnicu C., Porton M., Poulipoulis G., Predebon I., Prestopino G., Price C., Price D., Price M., Primetzhofer D., Prior P., Provatas G., Pucella G., Puglia P., Purahoo K., Pusztai I., Putignano O., Putterich T., Quercia A., Rachlew E., Radulescu G., Radulovic V., Rainford M., Raj P., Ralph G., Ramogida G., Rasmussen D., Rasmussen J. J., Ratynskaia S., Rebai M., Refy D., Reichle R., Reinke M., Reiser D., Reux C., Reynolds S., Richiusa M. L., Richyal S., Rigamonti D., Rimini F. G., Risner J., Riva M., Rivero-Rodriguez J., Roach C. M., Robins R., Robinson S., Robson D., Rodionov R., Rodrigues P., Ramos M. R., Rodriguez-Fernandez P., Romanelli F., Romanelli M., Romanelli S., Romazanov J., Rossi R., Rowe S., Rowlands D., Rubel M., Rubinacci G., Rubino G., Ruchko L., Ruiz M., Ruiz J. R., Ruset C., Rzadkiewicz J., Saarelma S., Safi E., Sahlberg A., Salewski M., Salmi A., Salmon R., Salzedas F., Sanders I., Sandiford D., Santos B., Santucci A., Sarkimaki K., Sarwar R., Sarychev I., Sauter O., Sauwan P., Scapin N., Schluck F., Schmid K., Schmuck S., Schneider M., Schneider P. A., Schworer D., Scott G., Scott M., Scraggs D., Scully S., Segato M., Seo J., Sergienko G., Sertoli M., Sharapov S. E., Shaw A., Sheikh H., Sheikh U., Shepherd A., Shevelev A., Shigin P., Shinohara K., Shiraiwa S., Shiraki D., Short M., Sias G., Silburn S. A., Silva A., Silva C., Silva J., Silvagni D., Simfukwe D., Simpson J., Sinclair D., Sipila S. K., Sips A. C. C., Siren P., Sirinelli A., Sjostrand H., Skinner N., Slater J., Smith N., Smith P., Snell J., Snoep G., Snoj L., Snyder P., Soare S., Solano E. R., Solokha V., Somers A., Sommariva C., Soni K., Sorokovoy E., Sos M., Sousa J., Sozzi C., Spagnolo S., Spelzini T., Spineanu F., Spong D., Sprada D., Sridhar S., Srinivasan C., Stables G., Staebler G., Stamatelatos I., Stancar Z., Staniec P., Stankunas G., Stead M., Stefanikova E., Stephen A., Stephens J., Stevenson P., Stojanov M., Strand P., Strauss H. R., Strikwerda S., Strom P., Stuart C. I., Studholme W., Subramani M., Suchkov E., Sumida S., Sun H. J., Susts T. 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Abstract

In nuclear fusion reactors, plasmas are heated to very high temperatures of more than 100 million kelvin and, in so-called tokamaks, they are confined by magnetic fields in the shape of a torus. Light nuclei, such as deuterium and tritium, undergo a fusion reaction that releases energy, making fusion a promising option for a sustainable and clean energy source. Tokamak plasmas, however, are prone to disruptions as a result of a sudden collapse of the system terminating the fusion reactions. As disruptions lead to an abrupt loss of confinement, they can cause irreversible damage to present-day fusion devices and are expected to have a more devastating effect in future devices. Disruptions expected in the next-generation tokamak, ITER, for example, could cause electromagnetic forces larger than the weight of an Airbus A380. Furthermore, the thermal loads in such an event could exceed the melting threshold of the most resistant state-of-the-art materials by more than an order of magnitude. To prevent disruptions or at least mitigate their detrimental effects, empirical models obtained with artificial intelligence methods, of which an overview is given here, are commonly employed to predict their occurrence—and ideally give enough time to introduce counteracting measures.

Published
2022

49. Valorization of the inedible pistachio shells into nanoscale transition metal and nitrogen codoped carbon-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction

Author

Muhyuddin, M, Zocche, N, Lorenzi, R, Ferrara, C, Poli, F, Soavi, F, Santoro, C, Muhyuddin M., Zocche N., Lorenzi R., Ferrara C., Poli F., Soavi F., Santoro C., Muhyuddin, M, Zocche, N, Lorenzi, R, Ferrara, C, Poli, F, Soavi, F, Santoro, C, Muhyuddin M., Zocche N., Lorenzi R., Ferrara C., Poli F., Soavi F., and Santoro C.

Abstract

Making a consistency with the objectives of circular economy, herein, waste pistachios shells were utilized for the development of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts which are the key bottleneck in the technological evolution of electrolyzers and fuel cells, respectively. As an alternative to scarce and expensive platinum-group-metal (PGM) electrocatalysts, metal nitrogen carbons (MNCs) are emerging as a promising candidate for both aforementioned electrocatalysis where iron and nickel are the metal of choice for ORR and HER, respectively. Therefore, FeNCs and NiNCs were fabricated utilizing inedible pistachio shells as a low-cost biosource of carbon. The steps involved in the fabrication of electrocatalyst were correlated with electrochemical performance in alkaline media. Encouraging onset potential of ~ 0.88 V vs RHE with a possibility of a 2 + 2 reaction pathway was observed in pyrolyzed and ball-milled FeNC. However, HF etching for template removal slightly affected the kinetics and eventually resulted in a relatively higher yield of peroxide. In parallel, the pyrolyzed NiNC demonstrated a lower HER overpotential of ~ 0.4 V vs RHE at − 10 mA cm−2. Nevertheless, acid washing adversely affected the HER performance and consequently, very high overpotential was witnessed.

Published
2022

50. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions

Author

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Abstract

Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.

Published
2022

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