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10. High-viscosity biphasic flow characterization in a pipeline: application to flow pattern classification and leak detection

Author

Noguera Polania, Jose Fernando, Sanjuán Mejía, Marco Enrique, and Torres Ortiz, Lizeth

Subjects
Industria del petróleo, Petróleo -- Aspectos ambientales
Abstract

Pipeline systems play an essential role in the oil industry. These systems connect ports, oil fields, refineries, and consumer markets[104]. Pipelines covering long distances require pumping stations, where products are propelled to the next pumping station, refinery, or deposit terminal, thus traveling through most of the country. The product considered in this research work is crude oil. It is usually transported with a combination of crude oil with viscosity reducers (DRA, drag reducer agent) and oil with gas in onshore/offshore pipelines. This mode of transport is efficient for large quantities and large product shipment distances. Problems may arrive when a leak occurs. In major incidents, large scale damage to humans and the environment is possible. Then, this research addresses the problem of how to detect the leak earlier to reduce the impact in the surrounding areas and economic losses, considering five research topics taking into account that the products inside the pipeline are water-glycerol and gas-glycerol mixtures (simulating oil-DRA and oil-gas in the laboratory test apparatus). The first research topic presents a mathematical model to describe the flow of a mixture of water and glycerol in pressurized horizontal pipelines, which emulates the mixture of heavy oil and a viscosity reducer. The model is based on the mass and momentum conservation principles and empirical correlations for the mixture’s density and viscosity. The set of partial differential equations is solved using finite differences. These equations were implemented in a computer platform to be able to simulate a system. This simulation platform is a tool to simulate leak cases for different fractions of water and glycerol to evaluate algorithms for leak detection and localization before their implementation in a laboratory setting. Doctorado Doctor en Ingeniería Mecánica

Published
2021

11. Seedling root architecture and its relationship with seed yield across diverse environments in Phaseolus vulgaris

Author

Strock, Christopher F., Burridge, James, Massas, Anica S.F., Beaver, James S., Beebe, Steve E., Camilo, Samuel A., Fourie, Deidre, Jochua, Celestina Nhagupana, Miguel, Magalhaes Amade, Miklas, Phillip N., Mndolwa, Eninka, Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan, Polania, Jose, Porch, T., Rosas, Juan C., Trapp, Jennifer J., Lynch, Jonathan P., Strock, Christopher F., Burridge, James, Massas, Anica S.F., Beaver, James S., Beebe, Steve E., Camilo, Samuel A., Fourie, Deidre, Jochua, Celestina Nhagupana, Miguel, Magalhaes Amade, Miklas, Phillip N., Mndolwa, Eninka, Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan, Polania, Jose, Porch, T., Rosas, Juan C., Trapp, Jennifer J., and Lynch, Jonathan P.

Abstract

Seedling root phenotypes may have important impacts on fitness and are more easily measured than mature root phenotypes. We phenotyped the roots of 577 genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), representing the bulk of the genetic diversity for recent cultivars and landraces in this species. Root architectural phenotypes of seedlings germinated for nine days were compared to root architectural phenotypes in the field as well as seed yield across 51 environments with an array of abiotic stresses including drought, nutrient deficiency, and heat, as well as non-stress conditions. We observed repeatability ranging from 0.52–0.57 for measures of root phenotypes in seedlings, significant variation in root phene states between gene pools and races, relationships between seedling and field phenotypes, and varying correlations between seedling root phenes and seed yield under a variety of environmental conditions. Seed yield was significantly related to seedling basal root number in 22% of environments, seedling adventitious root abundance in 35% of environments, and seedling taproot length in 12% of environments. Cluster analysis grouped genotypes by their aggregated seedling root phenotype, and variation in seed yield among these clusters under non-stress, drought, and low fertility conditions was observed. These results highlight the existence and influence of integrated root phenotypes for adaptation to edaphic stress, and suggest root phenes have value as breeding targets under real-world conditions.

Published
2019

14. Seedling root architecture and its relationship with seed yield across diverse environments in Phaseolus vulgaris

Author

Strock, Christopher F., primary, Burridge, James, additional, Massas, Anica S.F., additional, Beaver, James, additional, Beebe, Stephen, additional, Camilo, Samuel A., additional, Fourie, Deidré, additional, Jochua, Celestina, additional, Miguel, Magalhaes, additional, Miklas, Phillip N., additional, Mndolwa, Eninka, additional, Nchimbi-Msolla, Susan, additional, Polania, Jose, additional, Porch, Timothy G., additional, Rosas, Juan Carlos, additional, Trapp, Jennifer J., additional, and Lynch, Jonathan P., additional

Published
2019
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15. Modeling and control of a robot manipulator using standard control techniques and H infinity

Author

Garcia-Bedoya, Olmer, Robles, Carlos, and Noguera Polania, Jose Fernando

Subjects
Control estándar, Manipuladores (Mecanismo) -- Investigaciones, Manipulador robótico, Control H Infinito, SolidWorks, Robótica -- Investigaciones, H Infinity control, Standard control, Robotic manipulator
Abstract

Se presenta el diseño de un control estándar basado en la norma H2 y de un control H-infinito aplicados en un manipulador de dos grados de libertad. El manipulador se modeló con las ecuaciones de Euler-Lagrange y la función de disipación de Rayleigh. Se utilizó un modelo en el Toolbox SimMechanics exportando la geometría y propiedades físicas desde SolidWorks. Los resultados demuestran que la respuesta transitoria en el control H infinito es más suave que en el control estándar. This paper presents the design of a standard control based on the H2 standard and an H-infinity control applied in a manipulator of two degrees of freedom. The manipulator was modeled with the Euler-Lagrange equations and the Rayleigh dissipation function. A model was used in the SimMechanics Toolbox by exporting geometry and physical properties from SolidWorks. The results obtained show that transient response in H infinity control is smoother than the standard control.

Published
2017

17. Resistència a sequera a mongetes (fesol comú) relacionada amb ús eficient de l'aigua, major creixement i millor remobilització de fotoassimilats a la formació de gra

Author

Polania, Jose

Abstract

L'estudi de diferents varietats de fesol per identificar genotips resistents a sequera mostra que aquesta resistència és la combinació estratègica de diverses característiques morfofisiològiques. Després d'avaluar 36 genotips de fesol, es van classificar en dos grups, en funció de l'ús de l'aigua, el seu creixement i la seva producció. Els estalviadors d'aigua són apropiats per a ambients semiàrids amb sequeres terminals i sòls poc retenidors d'humitat, mentre que els gastadors d'aigua ho són per a àrees amb sequeres intermitents i terres retenidores d'humitat. El estudio de distintas variedades de frijol para identificar genotipos resistentes a sequía muestra que esta resistencia es la combinación estratégica de diversas características morfo-fisiológicas. Tras evaluar 36 genotipos de frijol, se clasificaron en dos grupos, en función del uso del agua, su crecimiento y su producción. Los ahorradores de agua son apropiados para ambientes semiáridos con sequías terminales y suelos poco retenedores de humedad, mientras que los gastadores de agua lo son para áreas con sequías intermitentes y suelos retenedores de humedad.

Published
2016

18. Resistència a sequera a mongetes (fesol comú) relacionada amb ús eficient de l'aigua, major creixement i millor remobilització de fotoassimilats a la formació de gra

Author

Polania, Jose A.

Abstract

L'estudi de diferents varietats de fesol per identificar genotips resistents a sequera mostra que aquesta resistència és la combinació estratègica de diverses característiques morfofisiològiques. Després d'avaluar 36 genotips de fesol, es van classificar en dos grups, en funció de l'ús de l'aigua, el seu creixement i la seva producció. Els estalviadors d'aigua són apropiats per a ambients semiàrids amb sequeres terminals i sòls poc retenidors d'humitat, mentre que els gastadors d'aigua ho són per a àrees amb sequeres intermitents i terres retenidores d'humitat. El estudio de distintas variedades de frijol para identificar genotipos resistentes a sequía muestra que esta resistencia es la combinación estratégica de diversas características morfo-fisiológicas. Tras evaluar 36 genotipos de frijol, se clasificaron en dos grupos, en función del uso del agua, su crecimiento y su producción. Los ahorradores de agua son apropiados para ambientes semiáridos con sequías terminales y suelos poco retenedores de humedad, mientras que los gastadores de agua lo son para áreas con sequías intermitentes y suelos retenedores de humedad.

Published
2016

22. Shoot and Root Traits Contribute to Drought Resistance in Recombinant Inbred Lines of MD 23-24 x SEA 5 of Common Bean.

Author

Polania, Jose, Rao, Idupulapati M., Cajiao, Cesar, Grajales, Miguel, Rivera, Mariela, Velasquez, Federico, Raatz, Bodo, and Beebe, Stephen E.

Subjects
DROUGHT tolerance, COMMON bean, PLANT shoots
Abstract

Drought is the major abiotic stress factor limiting yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in smallholder systems in Latin America and eastern and southern Africa; where it is a main source of protein in the daily diet. Identification of shoot and root traits associated with drought resistance contributes to improving the process of designing bean genotypes adapted to drought. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia to determine the relationship between grain yield and different shoot and root traits using a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population (MD23-24 x SEA 5) of common bean. The main objectives of this study were to identify: (i) specific shoot and root morpho-physiological traits that contribute to improved resistance to drought and that could be useful as selection criteria in breeding beans for drought resistance; and (ii) superior genotypes with desirable shoot and root traits that could serve as parents in breeding programs that are aimed at improving drought resistance. A set of 121 bean genotypes (111 RILs, 2 parents, 8 checks) belonging to the Mesoamerican gene pool and one cowpea variety were evaluated under field conditions with two levels of water supply (irrigated and rainfed) over three seasons. To complement field studies, a greenhouse study was conducted using plastic cylinders with soil inserted into PVC pipes, to determine the relationship between grain yield obtained under field conditions with different root traits measured under greenhouse conditions. Resistance to drought stress was positively associated with a deeper and vigorous root system, better shoot growth, and superior mobilization of photosynthates to pod and seed production. The drought resistant lines differed in their root characteristics, some of them with a vigorous and deeper root system while others with a moderate to shallow root system. Among the shoot traits measured, pod harvest index, and seed number per area could serve as useful selection criteria for assessing sink strength and for genetic improvement of drought resistance in common bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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23. Estimation of phenotypic variability in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of common bean under drought stress using 15 N natural abundance in grain.

Author

Polania J, Poschenrieder C, Rao I, and Beebe S

Abstract

Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) test and validate the use of 15 N natural abundance in grain to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs of common bean with bush growth habit aiming to improve SNF, and (ii) quantify phenotypic differences in SNF under drought to identify superior genotypes that could serve as parents. Field studies were conducted at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia using a set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool for evaluation in two seasons with two levels of water supply (irrigated and drought stress). We used 15 N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. Our results showed positive and significant correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling and %Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. Both methods showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions and a significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) could be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified four bean lines (RCB 593, SEA 15, NCB 226 and BFS 29) that combine greater SNF ability with greater grain yield under drought stress and these could serve as potential parents to further improve SNF ability of common bean.

Published
2016
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