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Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes within the human body. This review specifically examines the involvement of NO in age-related diseases, focusing on the cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. The discussion delves into the mechanisms of NO signaling in these diseases, emphasizing the post-translational modifications of involved proteins, such as S-nitrosation and nitration. The review also covers the dual nature of NO, highlighting both its protective and harmful effects, determined by concentration, location, and timing. Additionally, potential therapies that modulate NO signaling, including the use of NO donors and nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) inhibitors in the treatment of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and oncological diseases, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the methods for the determination of NO and its derivatives in the context of illness diagnosis and monitoring. The review underscores the complexity and dual role of NO in maintaining cellular balance and suggests areas for future research in developing new therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In earlier work performed in our laboratories, the reaction of [FeII(edta)(H2O)]2– with ·NO(g) was studied as a trap for ·NO(g) and found to be very efficient with a formation constant of ca. 106 M–1 at 25 °C. The formed nitrosyl complex was shown to have substantial FeIII‐NO–, i.e. nitroxyl, character in line with detailed computational studies performed before. In recent years, we developed an interest in the chemistry of HNO/NO– (nitroxyl) and decided to use [FeIII(edta)(H2O)]– as starting material to see whether the reaction of this complex would lead directly to the formation of the nitroxyl complex by using a source for HNO. In the present study, Piloty's acid (benzenesulfonylhydroxamic acid) was used as source for HNO, since it cleanly hydrolysis in basic aqueous solution to release HNO. The results of our studies clearly indicate that the same reaction product as found for the reaction of [FeII(edta)(H2O)]2– with ·NO(g), was formed in the reaction of [FeIII(edta)(H2O)]– with Piloty's acid. A detailed spectroscopic and mechanistic study of the latter reaction is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution remains a serious problem in Krakow, Poland. According to the European Environmental Agency, annual mean levels of both PM2.5 and PM10 recorded in Krakow are much higher than EU limit values. Thus, the influence of particulate matter (PM) on the function of living organisms, as well as different physiological processes, is an urgent subject to be studied. The reported research forms part of the multi-disciplinary project 'Air Pollution versus Autoimmunity: Role of multiphase aqueous Inorganic Chemistry,' which aims to demonstrate the PM effect on the immune system. The present studies focused on the role of dust collected in Krakow on the redox cycling of vitamin B12a in the presence of ascorbic acid. Dust samples collected during the winter 2019/2020 and summer 2020 months in the city center of Krakow were characterized using various analytical techniques. The influence of Krakow dusts on the kinetics of the reaction between nitrocobalamin and ascorbic acid was confirmed and discussed in terms of the composition of the samples. Possible reasons for the reported findings are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]