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Copyright of Studia Pneumologica et Phthiseologica is the property of TRIOS, spol. sr.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this review article is to introduce the topic of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas – mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome and the current treatment options. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a rare group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are the most common subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Advanced stages of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are burdened by significant morbidity, mortality and limited therapeutic options. In 2018, based on the phase 3 trial (MAVORIC) study, the FDA and EMA approved mogamulizumab for relapsed or refractory mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome pre-treated with at least one systemic therapy. Together with brentuximab vedotin and alemtuzumab, mogamulizumab represents a new effective systemic treatment for patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plzensky Lekarsky Sbornik is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recently updated classification of the central nervous system (CNS) tumours prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 uses, in addition to the histopathological criteria, also molecular genetic characteristics (biomarkers) of tumour cells and introduces the so-called integrated diagnostics concept for the first time. Molecular genetic biomarkers often have a major impact on the patients´ prognosis and/or selection of an appropriate therapy in a variety of tumour entities. This update represents a significant progress compared to the 2007 classification of CNS tumours. The more precise classification of tumours using well-known and widely accepted molecular genetic biomarkers, will also facilitate further research in anticancer therapeutics and consistent inclusion of patients into clinical trials. The presence of a tumour group called „not otherwise specified“ (NOS) is the major drawback of this novel approach. Tumours currently classified as the NOS entities are likely to be more accurately characterized with an ongoing neurooncological research in molecular genetics. The operational and technical barriers of molecular genetic analyses will be also overcome and this will further enable significant reduction of the NOS tumour entities. It is assumed that the new classification will facilitate clinical, experimental as well as epidemiological studies and thereby will improve the life of patients with brain tumours. This review presents the key findings from the new classification of the CNS tumours together with their clinical sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of grade II central nervous system glioma (Low-Grade Glioma; LGG) always significantly impacts on the lives of patients, as, despite clear progress in therapy, LGG continues to be an incurable disease. Treatment options include neurosurgical intervention, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. So far, however, no clear criteria have been set to determine the effect of individual treatments, their combinations or their timing. The results of a long-term follow up of the phase III RTOG 9802 trial demonstrated better effect of combined radiotherapy (54 Gy) and chemotherapy (procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine; PCV) treatment in patients with high risk disease (age > 40 years with postoperative radiographic residuum or age > 40 years after any surgical intervention). The question of the role of molecular genetic biomarkers (co-deletion 1p/19q, IDH1/2 mutations and others) in predicting the effects of combined treatment remains unanswered. It is expected that detailed molecular genetic analysis of each tumor will become a part of routine clinical care of patients with gliomas of all stages of malignancy, including LGG. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with PCV following neurosurgical intervention should be the preferred approach to treatment of patients with high-risk LGG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]