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An Anthropological Portrayal of the Native Inhabitants of the Polish-German Borderland Born Before 1945The article presents the results of field research carried out among the native inhabitants of the Lubusz Voivodship who were born in the former eastern territory of the then German state before 1945. Between 2009 and 2011, the authors conducted in-depth anthropological interviews with 28 informants in 17 localities in the Voivodship. These informants are the last remaining representatives of the former populace in this area, since the majority of the local inhabitants left Poland: some were evacuated or fled in the face of the advancing Red Army in 1945, others were victims of the so-called “wild” expulsions as well as resettlements, and still others emigrated under family reunification programs. One more factor was economic emigration, which has continued up to the present day. Thus, those inhabitants who remained are the last witnesses to the history of life experiences which began here already in pre-World War II times. This makes them special as they have a unique sense of rootedness in the region, unlike other inhabitants, who are newcomers there.The external identity of the interviewees, that is, the identity given to them by others, is often different from their internal, subjective identity, which is felt and expressed in narratives. In the period following World War II the native populace was termed “autochtons”. The category of “autochton” was constructed from the outside, taking into consideration only elements of Polish culture, and completely ignored any ties with German culture. The presence of the “autochtons” officially served the purpose of legitimizing the so-called “recovered territories”, that is, the territories incorporated into Poland in 1945. On the other hand, the autochtons were ascribed a German identity by new settlers who arrived in the Lubusz land from different regions of Poland, and who labeled the locals “Germans” or “Nazis”. The i

Monografia jest rezultatem wysiłku intelektualnego, którego podjęli się wspólnie naukowcy z Mołdawii, Niemiec, Polski, Rumunii, Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki i Ukrainy podczas Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Wspólne dziedzictwo kulturowe i językowe” w Jastrowiu w czerwcu 2019 roku. Na publikację składają się poszerzone wersje wypowiedzi zaprezentowanych podczas tego spotkania. Tom, który oddajemy do rąk Czytelnika, pomyślany jest jako zbiór zróżnicowanych spojrzeń na problematykę dziedzictwa. Języki i kultury Bukowiny stały się inspiracją dla analiz wychodzących poza tematykę tego regionu. Autorzy tekstów reprezentują różne perspektywy i dyscypliny naukowe: językoznawstwo, kulturoznawstwo, literaturoznawstwo, historię, politologię, socjologię, etnologię i historię sztuki. Do tomu zaproszono doświadczonych naukowców i młodych badaczy zajmujących się bogactwem językowym i kulturowym historycznej Bukowiny, obszaru karpackiego oraz Europy Środkowej. Książka składa się z trzech części. Część pierwsza obejmuje teksty poświęcone językowi rozumianemu jako dziedzictwo kulturowe. Część druga poświęcona jest pamięci dziedzictwa. Kolejna część prezentuje dziedzictwo kulturowe w działaniach społecznych i aktywności twórczej., This collective monograph comes as a result of intellectual work undertaken jointly by the American, German, Moldovan, Polish, Romanian and Ukrainian scholars who participated in the international conference entitled “Bukowina: Wspólne dziedzictwo kulturowe i językowe” (Bukovina: Common Cultural and Linguistic Heritage), held in Jastrowie, Poland, in June 2019. The present volume, which contains extended versions of their papers, is conceived as a collection providing different perspectives on the issue of cultural heritage. The cultures and languages of Bukovina have also inspired contributions which go beyond the issues of the region but are related to it in the geographical or cultural sense. The invited authors represent various perspectives and fields of study: linguistics, cultural studies, literary studies, history, political studies, sociology, ethnology and art history. The list of contributors includes experienced scholars and young promising researchers studying the cultural and linguistic richness of the historical Bukovina, the Carpathian region and Central Europe. The volume consists of three parts. The first one includes contributions on language as cultural heritage. The second part is devoted to the memory of heritage. Part three presents cultural heritage in social and creative activity.

Książka jest jednym z efektów projektu „Mowa polska na Bukowinie Karpackiej. Dokumentacja zanikającego dziedzictwa narodowego”, realizowanego w latach 2015-2018. Książka składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza z nich poświęcona jest Polakom na Bukowinie, ich osadnictwu i rozwojowi ich społeczności, działalności organizacji polskich, konkretnym miejscowościom zamieszkanym obecnie przez Polaków. W drugiej dokonano nowatorskiej typologii gwar polskich na Bukowinie, podając ich charakterystykę gramatyczną, którą porównuje się z cechami gramatycznymi języka ogólnopolskiego. Drugi rozdział tej części opracowania dotyczy środowiska społecznego, w którym rozwijała się polska mowa, i uwarunkowań zewnętrznych oddziałujących na te procesy. Po raz pierwszy diagnozuje się w nim również przyczyny zachowania lub utraty ciągłości językowej w badanych miejscowościach na Bukowinie. W trzeciej części wymieniono procesy i zjawiska, które można dostrzec w sferze świętowania Polaków w cyklu rocznym. Przede wszystkim jednak przedstawiono obszerny wybór wypowiedzi rozmówców na ten temat, które pozwalają czytelnikowi nie tylko zapoznać się z tym aspektem kultury bukowińskich Polaków, ale też dokonać własnej jego analizy. Wszystkie części są bogato ilustrowane współczesnymi i archiwalnymi fotografiami, a dwie ostatnie zawierają również odnośniki do nagrań dźwiękowych z fragmentami wypowiedzi. Książka ta stanowi świadectwo kultury polskiej poza granicami kraju i przyczyni się do zachowania dla przyszłych pokoleń unikatowego dziedzictwa Polaków na Bukowinie., The volume “A testimony to a vanishing heritage. The Polish language of Bukovina: Romania - Ukraine” is a result of the research project entitled “The Polish speech in Carpathian Bukovina: A record of the vanishing national heritage”, conducted in 2015–2018. The book consists of three parts. The first part is devoted to Poles in Bukovina, their settling in the region, the development of their communities, the activities of Polish organizations, and characteristics of specific places inhabited by Poles today. The second part offers an innovative typology of Polish dialects in Bukovina, based on their grammatical features as compared to the features of standard Polish. The second chapter of this part deals with the social setting in which the local Polish speech developed and the external factors affecting these processes. It also presents a first-ever diagnosis of the reasons for retention or loss of language continuity in the studied localities in Bukovina. The third part of the book lists the processes and phenomena to be observed in the year-cycle festivities of Bukovinian Poles. Above all, however, it presents an extensive selection from statements by the interlocutors concerning this subject matter, thus allowing the reader to not only get to know this aspect of their culture but also carry out his or her own analysis. All the parts are richly illustrated with contemporary and archival photographs, the second and third parts also contain links to audio recordings of some of the statements. The book is a testimony to Polish culture outside Poland and a contribution to preserving for future generations the unique heritage of Bukovinian Poles.

„W książce podjęta jest stale aktualna i ważna problematyka wyznaczania granic społecznych i zróżnicowania świata społecznego, migracji i idącego za tym poczucia odrębności, wyobcowania, ale też budowania wspólnoty pomimo […] doświadczanych w toku codziennego życia różnic”. Zawarte w niej teksty posłużą lepszemu rozpoznaniu „fenomenu pogranicza w różnych jego aspektach (językowym, kulturowym, społecznym, politycznym) przez osoby należące do świata nauki oraz przez praktyków społecznych (polityków, działaczy i aktywistów). Poszczególne artykuły mogą być również pomocne w procesie dydaktycznym na różnych szczeblach i kierunkach kształcenia w różnych krajach Europy Środkowej” (z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Lecha Suchomłynowa)., "The book tackles the continuously topical and important subject matter of the setting of social boundaries and the diversity of the social world, of migration and the associated sense of separateness and alienation but also community building despite [...] the everyday experience of difference". The texts comprising this volume will allow for a better understanding of "the phenomenon of the borderland in its various aspects (linguistic, cultural, societal, political) on the part of members of the scientific community and of social practitioners (politicians and activists). Particular texts might also prove useful in the educational process at different levels and in different fields - and in different Central European countries" (from review by Professor Lech Suchomłynow).

An Anthropological Portrayal of the Native Inhabitants of the Polish-German Borderland Born Before 1945The article presents the results of field research carried out among the native inhabitants of the Lubusz Voivodship who were born in the former eastern territory of the then German state before 1945. Between 2009 and 2011, the authors conducted in-depth anthropological interviews with 28 informants in 17 localities in the Voivodship. These informants are the last remaining representatives of the former populace in this area, since the majority of the local inhabitants left Poland: some were evacuated or fled in the face of the advancing Red Army in 1945, others were victims of the so-called “wild” expulsions as well as resettlements, and still others emigrated under family reunification programs. One more factor was economic emigration, which has continued up to the present day. Thus, those inhabitants who remained are the last witnesses to the history of life experiences which began here already in pre-World War II times. This makes them special as they have a unique sense of rootedness in the region, unlike other inhabitants, who are newcomers there.The external identity of the interviewees, that is, the identity given to them by others, is often different from their internal, subjective identity, which is felt and expressed in narratives. In the period following World War II the native populace was termed “autochtons”. The category of “autochton” was constructed from the outside, taking into consideration only elements of Polish culture, and completely ignored any ties with German culture. The presence of the “autochtons” officially served the purpose of legitimizing the so-called “recovered territories”, that is, the territories incorporated into Poland in 1945. On the other hand, the autochtons were ascribed a German identity by new settlers who arrived in the Lubusz land from different regions of Poland, and who labeled the locals “Germans” or “Nazis”. The i

An Anthropological Portrayal of the Native Inhabitants of the Polish-German Borderland Born Before 1945The article presents the results of field research carried out among the native inhabitants of the Lubusz Voivodship who were born in the former eastern territory of the then German state before 1945. Between 2009 and 2011, the authors conducted in-depth anthropological interviews with 28 informants in 17 localities in the Voivodship. These informants are the last remaining representatives of the former populace in this area, since the majority of the local inhabitants left Poland: some were evacuated or fled in the face of the advancing Red Army in 1945, others were victims of the so-called “wild” expulsions as well as resettlements, and still others emigrated under family reunification programs. One more factor was economic emigration, which has continued up to the present day. Thus, those inhabitants who remained are the last witnesses to the history of life experiences which began here already in pre-World War II times. This makes them special as they have a unique sense of rootedness in the region, unlike other inhabitants, who are newcomers there.The external identity of the interviewees, that is, the identity given to them by others, is often different from their internal, subjective identity, which is felt and expressed in narratives. In the period following World War II the native populace was termed “autochtons”. The category of “autochton” was constructed from the outside, taking into consideration only elements of Polish culture, and completely ignored any ties with German culture. The presence of the “autochtons” officially served the purpose of legitimizing the so-called “recovered territories”, that is, the territories incorporated into Poland in 1945. On the other hand, the autochtons were ascribed a German identity by new settlers who arrived in the Lubusz land from different regions of Poland, and who labeled the locals “Germans” or “Nazis”. The i