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Trichostema fruticosum K. S. McClell., sp. nov. (Figures 9 and 10) Diagnosis: —Compact to diffuse bushy perennial to 1.25 m tall, morphologically most similar to Trichostema dichotomum. It differs from T. dichotomum by being a short-lived perennial (vs. annual), its wider leaves of 0.74–1.6 cm (vs. 0.59–1.25 cm), smaller leaf length/ width ratio of 2.89–4.42 times long as wide (vs. 3.38–4.92), lack of spreading trichomes more than 6–7 cells long on the stems and at nodes, (vs. presence of spreading trichomes more than 6–7 cells long on the stems and at nodes; Figure 1), nutlets with short to mid-sized ridges and small to mid-sized alveoli (vs. mid-sized to tall ridges and mid-sized to large alveoli; Figure 2), and year-long flowering time (vs. July–November). Type: — U.S.A. Florida. Marion County. Restored Red Oak-Pine woodland, Mockernut Hill Botanical Garden, beside entrance gate, 16 October 2021, R. Kevan Schoonover McClelland, Robert K. Schoonover, and Linda Duever 222a–w (holotype NCU!; isotypes B!, BM!, F!, FLAS!, K!, G!, GH!, MEXU!, MO!, NCU!, NY!, OS!, P!, PH!, RSA!, UC!, US!, USF!). Notes: Specimens R. Kevan Schoonover McClelland 222a–w represent a single gathering in accordance with Article 8.2 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Mockernut Hill Botanical Garden is a botanical garden oriented around land management training, showcasing trails through exemplary native vegetation rather than display gardens. The sampled population is one of many naturally occurring on the property and not of a horticultural origin. Bushy perennial to 1.25 m tall; branching throughout the plant; stem hairs downwardly curved, occasionally spreading to three, rarely to five, cells long (Figure 1f), with sessile and stalked glands to two cells long, rarely to three cells long (including gland); node hairs spreading, rarely downwardly curved, to four, rarely to six, cells long (Figure 1f); leaves widest towards the base, occasionally widest near the middle, rarely widest towards the tip, (1.6–)2.82–5.4(–7.4) × (0.33–)0.74–1.6(–2.6), average of 4.11 × 1.17, cm, (2.19–)2.89–4.42(–6.06), average of 3.65, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex obtuse, occasionally ±90°, rarely acute or rounded; inflorescence hairs spreading to upwardly curved, to three cells long, with sessile and spreading glands to two, rarely to three, cells long (including gland); bracts widest towards the tip or near the middle, rarely widest towards the base, rarely falcate (3.9–)6.41–12.03(–16.6) × (0.7–)1.21–2.71(–4.6), average of 9.22 × 1.96, mm, (2.65–)3.55–6.41(–11.3), average of 4.98, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex acute, rarely acuminate; fruiting calyx (5.6–)6.24–7.65(–9.2), average of 6.94, mm long; buds dark blue-purple to light blue-purple, corolla dark to light blue or blue-purple; anthers dark to light blue or blue-purple; style bifid, the longer arm 1–1.5, occasionally 2, times as long as the shorter; mature nutlets alveolate, (1.5–)1.71–2.06(–2.3), average of 1.88, mm long, hilum (0.4–)0.51–0.69(–0.9), average of 0.6, mm long, (0.24–)0.28–0.36(–0.44), average of 0.32, times the length of the nutlet, alveoli small to mid-sized, rarely large, ridges short, occasionally mid-sized (Figure 2f). Phenology: —Flowers and fruits April to December. Some plants will have a small number of flowers January to March. Etymology: —The epithet fruticosum (Latin, bushy) is given to this species based on its growth habit. It often has a woody base and forms a relatively large, much branched “bush” (to 1.25 m tall) compared to the typically smaller, more compact growth forms of T. floridanum and T. nesophilum and the more virgate branching of the members of the T. suffrutescens complex. The common name given to this species is Bushy Bluecurls. This is derived from the same feature as the specific epithet. The common name was suggested by Linda Duever, founder of Mockernut Hill Botanical Garden and co-collector of the type specimens. Habitat and distribution: — Trichostema fruticosum occurs in openings in a variety of mesic to semi-dry habitats with or without calcareous influences on the mainland and some barrier islands; 0–100 meters; USA: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi. (Figure 11). Conservation status: — Trichostema fruticosum, while having a more restricted range than T. dichotomum, is much more widespread than T. floridanum and T. nesophilum, most likely due to its habitat tolerances. It is common throughout its range, and it has also been introduced to the nursery trade under the species name of T. dichotomum. Although it is widespread, many of its populations are coastal or near coastal and under threat from rising sea levels and hurricanes. Based on the data collected for this study, this species should be recognized at a G3 ranking (NatureServe 2020). Most of the populations of this species occur in Florida and thus it was calculated to have an S3 ranking in Florida. The smaller numbers of populations in Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi led those states having an S2 rank calculated for this species (NatureServe 2020). Notes: — Trichostema fruticosum was the only species not to form a clade in the BEAST analysis (Figure 5). The sample from Estero Bay (EstBPu) is sister to the clade containing T. floridanum and T. nesophilum and the sample from Mississippi (NCU 667421) diverges at the base of the perennial T. dichotomum complex clade in the MCC tree. The reason for the incongruence in the placement of the Estero Bay specimen is likely due to its low number of high-quality reads mapped to the reference. This would explain why this specimen, which is geographically and morphologically distinct from T. nesophilum, is not in the clade with the rest of T. fruticosum. Thus, it is possible that the missing data would have aligned this specimen with the larger clade. This sample, though, based on its morphology, ecology, and biogeography still falls within the concept of T. fruticosum. The Mississippi sample poses a different issue. Unlike the Estero Bay sample, this sample had a high number of high-quality reads mapped to the reference. However, like the Estero Bay specimen, this specimen was collected at the edge of the species range, this time at the far western edge. It could be that this specimen represents a separate taxon. If this were true, its potential extent is west of the Tombigee River and Mobile Bay, with the T. fruticosum-T. floridanum-T. nesophilum clade all occuring east of that demarcating line, a biogeographic pattern shown in other taxa (Soltis et al. 2006). Larger amounts of sampling would be needed to determine this. If it is recognized as a separate taxon, it would likely be morphologically cryptic relative to T. fruticosum. To increase taxonomic and nomenclatural stability, the type specimen for this species was selected from a population that always fell within the strongly supported clade of T. fruticosum near the center of the species’ range. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — U.S.A. Alabama, Baldwin County: Montrose, 9 October 1967, Kral 29784 (NCU!); Florida: Florida, 1897, Chapman s.n. (NCU!); Alachua County: San Felasco Hammock State Park, 29.715116 N, 82.460713 W, 7 September 2019, Abair 424 (NCU!); outer zone-Devil’s Millhopper; Gainesville, Florida, 4 October 1931, Arnold s.n. (FLAS!); Devil’s Millhopper Geologic State Park, 29.705578 N, 82.39521389 W, 29 June 2018, McClelland & Schoonover 150 (NCU!); 5 miles N of Alachua in Section 22, T7 S, R18 E on Townsend Branch of Mill Creek., 29.865622 N, 82.50574 W, 3 November 1983, Simons & Hall s.n. (FLAS!); Bay County: St. Andrews, s.d., Beck 154 (FLAS!); Charlotte County: 4.5 mi SE of Sarasota / Charlotte Co. line on US 41. Coco Plum Waterway; canal and surrounding area., 22 August 1985, Thompson & Nishida 2794 (CM!, USCH!); Citrus County: “The Cove”, on Lake Tsala Apopka, 7 mi. n.e. of Floral City, 25 October 1966, Beckner 1576 (NCU!); Fort Cooper State Park: E edge of lake; SE 1/4 SW 1/4 S27 T19 S R20 E, 28.802238 N, 82.299104 W, 20 November 1999, Hattaway FC 0050 (USF!); McGregor Smith Scout Reservation, 15 September 1983, Hopkins 1859 (FTU!); Dixie Shores Trail, Crystal River, 28.878477 N, 82.614741 W, 16 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 219 (NCU!); Hollins zone 16. Crystal River State Buffer Preserve, 6 October 2000, Scanlon 17 (FLAS!); Collier County: in pastureland near seasonal lake, Kissimmee Billy, north of Alligator Alley., 2 May 1976, Smiley s.n. (FTG!); Duval County: Vicinity of cabin; Roosevelt Wildlife Preserve, 7 October 1975, Harrison & Garren 65 (FLAS!); Roosevelt Wildlife Preserve -- 200 yards inside main gate., 25 September 1976, Harrison & Garren 73 (FLAS!); Little Talbot Island State Park, 30.457417 N, 81.41862778 W, 29 September 2018, McClelland 183 (NCU!); Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve - Theodore Roosevelt, 30.369639 N, 81.48503611 W, 30 September 2018, McClelland 186 (NCU!); Escambia County: At the E edge of Pensacola, off the E side of Scenic Highway, at the Bayview Memorial Cemetery, 20 November 1983, Wilhelm 11857 (USF!); Franklin County: near Apalachicola, Florida, 11 August 1876, Anonymous s.n. (US!); St. Vincent Island, Tahiti Point (NE end)., 22 September 1983, Christman s.n. (FLAS!); St. James Bay Golf Course, just N of US 98, ca. 6 mi E of Carrabelle., 10 October 2005, Hansen 13067 (USF!); near the Gulf of Mexico, at Alligator Point, 22 August 1967, Henderson 67-1477 (GA!, NCU!, USCH!); St. Vincent Island, 30 October 1910, McAtee 1744 A (US!); St. George Island State Park, 29.692044 N, 84.78745833 W, 14 July 2018, McClelland & Schoonover 158 (NCU!); Intersection of Alligator Drive and Bald Point Road, 29.901653 N, 84.348771 W, 17 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 223 (NCU!); Bald Point State Park, 29.910328 N, 84.36224444 W, 14 July 2018, McClelland & Schoonover 157 (NCU!); ca. 1/ 2 mi. E. of St Teresa and next to Camp Weed on US 98., 18 October 1969, Sullivan 1302 (NCU!); Gulf County: on road to Cape San Blas., 11 September 1977, Crewz 1194 (FLAS!, USF!); Hardee County: Charlie Creek., ca. 7 miles E of Zolfo Springs, 23 July 1949, Brass 20612 (FLAS!, US!); Cattle Range Station, Limestone, 1 July 1942, Kirk s.n. (FLAS!); CF Properties, USF Archaeological Site #8 Hr 11. Orchard-fenceline site, 10 mi W of Bowling Green., 24 July 1977, Kuczynski s.n. (USF!); in Payne Creek State Historic Site. 2 mi. SE of center of Bowling Green, on S side of Rd. 664 A, W of Peace River, 15 June 1978, Willson 213 (FTU!); Hendry County: Rt. 80, LaBelle, 8 March 1950, Hood 3442 (FLAS!); Hernando County: s.w. side of Chinsegut Hill, ca. 3 mi. ne.e. of Brooksville, ne.e. corner of S3, T22 S, R19 E, 28.605294 N, 82.385651 W, 25 September 1965, Beckwith s.n. (FLAS!); McCarty Woods, ca. 0.5 mi. N of Brooksville., June 1989, Krofta s.n. (USF!); McCarty Woods, ca. 0.5 mi. N of Brooksville., 2 October 1986, Krofta s.n. (USF!); northwest of Brooksville, off US 98., 22 September 1963, Lakela 26478 A (USF!); Hillsborough County: Wilderness Park, on Morris Bridge Road, near the Hillsborough River, 3 September 1989, DeVore 1013b (MU!); Along Patterson Rd. near Odessa., 2 July 1963, Ducey 49 (USF!); Hillsborough River State Park: N 1 /2, SW 1/4, SE 1/4, NW 1/4, S8, T27 S, R21 E; Burn Zone HR-14; along Baynard Nature Trail, 28.15075 N, 82.231469 W, 7 July 1994, Graham HR0049 (USF!); Hillsborough River State Park., 2 August 1966, Lakela & Almeda 30121 (USF!); Beacon Key study site #12. Sec. 34 T32 S R18 E … east of U.S. 41, 27.67392 N, 82.53593 W, 31 July 1974, Todd 282 (USF!); Lake County: 4 miles south of Leesburg, 20 October 1968, Baltzell 697 (FLAS!); Between Eustis & Leesburg Florida, 1 October 1933, Buswell s.n. (FTG!); S. edge Lake Dora, 1 November 1978, Daubenmire & Daubenmire s.n. (USF!); Eustis, Trout Lake Nature Center, 26 August 1989, Daubenmire & Daubenmire s.n. (USF!); Eustis, Trout Lake Nature Center, 19 November 1989, Daubenmire & Daubenmire s.n. (USF!); 3 mi. SSW of Leesburg., 15 September 1990, Daubenmire & Daubenmire s.n. (USF!); Leesburg-Flat Island, 9 January 1991, Daubenmire & Daubenmire s.n. (USF!); Flat Island, SW of Leesburg, 15 November 2017, Daubenmire & Daubenmire s.n. (USF!); Entrance road to Flat Island Reserve, 28.781050 N, 81.892782 W, 16 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 215 (NCU!); Lee County: [Fort] Myers, August 1900, Hitchcock 279 (US!); Estero Bay Preserve, Estero River Scrub Unit, near Mullock Creek, 26.46727788 N, 81.8360699 W, 14 October 2021, Horn s.n. (NCU!); Salvista, Lee Co., Fla., 23 April 1930, Moldenke 1075b (DUKE!); Levy County: Waccasassa Bay State Preserve; Dewey Allen Park Road, northwest of junction with C-40 & C-40 A; roadside., 29.036667 N, 82.733333 W, 30 September 1996, Abbott 9600 (FLAS!); Vicinity of Cedar Key and along highway SR. 24 between Cedar Key and Otter Creek, 15 September 1971, Carlton, Sreemadhavan, Lakela & Long 3348 (USF!); second island off the mouth of the Withlacoochee River., 16 September 1959, Cooley, Eaton & Ward 6958 (USF!); Sea Horse Key near Cedar Keys, 16 November 1952, Davis s.n. (NCSC!); Cedar Key Train Trestle Nature Trail, 29.14357 N, 83.032334 W, 16 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 220 (NCU!); North Key: an island in Cedar Keys National Wildlife Refuge; 2 mi W of Cedar Key., 29.12672 N, 83.08562 W, 8 April 2004, Sprenkle & Judd 318 (FLAS!); Gulf Slope of Seahorse Key, 2 mi. s.w. of Cedar Key, 1 December 1962, Ward 3254 (FLAS!); s. side of Fla. 40, w. of Yankeetown, ca. 1 mi. from end of road, 26 March 1962, Ward & Tomlinson 2986 (FLAS!, USF!); Liberty County: at clearing above the Apalachicola River at Alum Bluff overview (ca. 2.0 mi N of Bristol)., 30.46389 N, 84.98693 W, 12 November 2012, Anderson 26803 (NCU!); at top of Alum Bluff, ca. 3 mi. n. of Bristol, S24, T1 N, R8 W, Liberty County., 10 November 1963, Ward & Ford 3731 (FLAS!, NCU!); Manatee County: Bradentown, 25 June 1923, Cuthbert s.n. (FLAS!); At Palmetto, 21 August 1895, Nash 2452 (FLAS!, US!); Marion County: near lake, Fla 42, 0.5 mi. e. of Linadale, 30 September 1973, Baltzell 5360 (NCU!); Silver Springs State Park, 29.201458 N, 82.0389 W, 7 October 2018, McClelland 191 (NCU!); Mockernut Hill Botanical Garden, 29.454400 N, 82.30558889 W, 28 June 2018, McClelland, Schoonover & Duever 148a (NCU!); Mockernut Hill Botanical Garden, 29.454958 N, 82.30566944 W, 28 June 2018, McClelland, Schoonover & Duever 148b (NCU!); Nassau County: Amelia City, 20 November 1941, Knight s.n. (FLAS!); Fort Clinch State Park, 30.702975 N, 81.45328889 W, 30 September 2018, McClelland 185 (NCU!); Okaloosa County: Fred Gannon Rocky Bayou State Park, 30.498422 N, 86.42638333 W, 4 August 2018, McClelland 166 (NCU!); Henderson Beach State Park, 30.384908 N, 86.44789722 W, 4 August 2018, McClelland 165 (NCU!); Orange County: At Clarcona, 25 September 1899, Meislahn 63 (US!); Pasco County: Werner-Boyce Salt Springs State Park, 28.291022 N, 82.71776944 W, 24 June 2018, McClelland & Schoonover 137 (NCU!); Werner-Boyce Salt Springs State Park: Directly N of park shop, 5 September 2002, van Hoek & Petty WB128 (USF!); Polk County: Colt Creek State Park; ca. 2.5 km SSE of FL 471 bridge over the Withlacoochee River, ca 5.1 km NNE jct. FL 471 and US 98., 28.293972 N, 82.045306 W, 26 September 2008, Kunzer, Dauphin & Eckert 2530 (USF!); Colt Creek State Park, 28.277592 N, 82.03106944 W, 24 June 2018, McClelland & Schoonover 139 (NCU!); Santa Rosa County: Gulf Islands National Seashore - Naval Oaks, 30.364872 N, 87.13128889 W, 5 August 2018, McClelland 167 (NCU!); Sarasota County: Sarasota, off Linwood Avenue just south and east of junction with Vinson Street., 25 November 1995, Abbott 8108 (FLAS!); Oscar Scherer State Park: Head of Green Trail near W edge of campground, 6 August 2003, Bishop OS0059 (USF!); 3210 Old Oak Drive, Sarasota, FL, 23 September 1978, Dodson 4836 (USF!); Churchill Ranch on Border Rd., part of Deer Prairie Creek Preserve, ca. 2.3 km ENE of jct. I-75 and C-777 (River Rd), 27.1175 N, 82.327778 W, 23 May 2007, Franck 151 (USF!); Off Bahia Vista Rd. down a dirt road., 11 February 1976, Gordon & Mack 21 (USF!); Oscar Scherer State Park, 27.170161 N, 82.47661667 W, 8 June 2018, McClelland 131 (NCU!); Seminole County: my home on Hermits Trail; Altamante Springs, 25 October 1963, Schallert 521 (FTU!); St. Johns County: T6 S, R29 E, S39; 13 miles N. of St. Augustine and 15 miles S. of jacksonville Beach off SR A1 A in Guana River State Park. Approximately. 25 mile W. of park gate at Guana River Dam. North side of road., 23 September 1990, Herring & Herring 138 (FLAS!); south of Moses Creek and west of Matanzas River; Moses Creek Conservation Area;. 28 miles north of SR 206 and 2.2 miles east of US 1, 16 September 2003, Slaughter 14440 (FTG!); Sumter County: 6 mi. w. of Leesburg, 1 November 1967, Baltzell 177 (FLAS!); Walton County: Eden Gardens State Park, 30.370883 N, 86.12180278 W, 3 August 2018, McClelland 164 (NCU!); Georgia, Camden County: Cumberland Island National Seashore, 30.909086 N, 81.41468611 W, 1 October 2018, McClelland & Neilan 188 (NCU!); Little Cumberland Island: 1.15 miles from the lighthouse on the north end of the island on a 166 degree azimuth., 1 October 1971, Richardson 45 (MU!); Mississippi, Harrison County: Biloxi, Miss., 19 September 1899, Tracy 4905 (CM!, NCU!); Jackson County: P. O. Ocean Springs, 21 August 1952, Demaree 32960 (NCU!); P. O. Ocean Springs, 17 October 1954, Demaree 36229 (NCU!, WILLI!); Gulf Islands National Seashore - Ocean Springs, 30.391514 N, 88.79065278 W, 6 August 2018, McClelland 169 (NCU!); about 2 miles east of Ocean Springs, coast road., 7 October 1950, Whitehouse 23907 (NCSC!)., Published as part of Mcclelland, R. Kevan Schoonover, Weakley, Alan S. & Poindexter, Derick B., 2023, Seven new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) from the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot, pp. 95-149 in Phytotaxa 603 (2) on pages 106-110, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8157972, {"references":["Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. H., Li, D. Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Soltis, D. E., Morris, A. B., McLachlan, J. S., Manos, P. S. & Soltis, P. S. (2006) Comparative phylogeography of unglaciated eastern North America. Molecular Ecology 15 (14): 4261 - 4293. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2006.03061. x"]}

Trichostema hobe K. S. McClell. sp. nov. (Figures 19 and 20) Diagnosis: —Virgate to bushy perennial to 60 cm tall, morphologically most similar to Trichostema suffrutescens. It differs from T. suffrutescens by its bushier (extensively and repeatedly branched) habit (vs. virgate), later flowering time of mid-October–mid-January (vs. August–early November), and a geographic restriction to the Jupiter Ridge (vs. a geographic restriction to the main central ridge systems). Type: — U.S.A. Florida. Martin County. Openings in white sand scrub, Seabranch Preserve State Park, along road through center of park, 13 November 2017, R. Kevan Schoonover, II, and Steve Orzell 122a–t (holotype NCU!; isotypes B!, BM!, F!, FLAS!, K!, G!, GH!, MEXU!, MO!, NCU!, NY!, OS!, P!, PH!, RSA!, UC!, US!, USF!). Note: Specimens R. Kevan Schoonover II 122a–t represent a single gathering in accordance with Article 8.2 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Suffrutescent to bushy perennial to 60 cm tall; branching throughout the plant; stem hairs downwardly curved to two, rarely to three, cells long (Figure 1i), with sessile glands; node hairs downwardly curved, to two, rarely to three, cells long (Figure 1i); leaves widest towards the tip or near the middle, occasionally widest towards the base, (0.99–)1.29–1.55(–1.7) × (0.33–)0.45–0.6(–0.69), average of 1.42 × 0.53, cm, (2.03–)2.46–2.98(–3.33), average of 2.72, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded, rarely emarginate; inflorescence hairs spreading to downwardly curved, rarely upwardly curved, to two, rarely to three, cells long, with sessile and spreading glands to two cells long (including gland); bracts widest towards the tip, (2.5–)3.49–4.89(–5.5) × (0.7–)1.17–1.73(–2), average of 4.19 × 1.45, mm, (1.67–)2.34–3.61(–4.58), average of 2.97, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded, rarely acute to ±90°; fruiting calyx (4.8–)4.85–5.45(–5.9), average of 5.15, mm long; buds purple-black to dark blue-purple, corolla dark blue or blue-purple to blue or blue-purple; anthers dark blue or blue-purple to blue or blue-purple; style bifid, the longer arm 2.5–3.5, rarely as little as 2, times as long as the shorter; mature nutlets alveolate, (1.5–)1.53–1.68(–1.8), average of 1.6, mm long, hilum (0.5–)0.56–0.71(–0.8), average of 0.63, mm long, (0.29–)0.34–0.45(–0.47), average of 0.4, times the length of the nutlet alveoli small, ridges mid-sized to short (Figure 2j). Phenology: —Flowers and fruits October to January. Some plants will have a small number of flowers in the spring. Etymology: —The epithet hobe [pronounced hoe-BAY] is given to this species for the anglicized place names Hobe [pronounced like robe] Mountain, Hobe Sound, and the village Jobé of the Jeaga, and later the Jobé Indians that inhabited the area of Martin County, Florida (Wheeler & Pepe 2002), where it is endemic. In fact, one can see nearly the entirety of the known range of this species from the summit of Hobe Mountain (personal observation). This epithet is a noun derived from the Latinization of the name for the indigenous peoples of the area and stands in apposition to the genus name, which is why it is not declined. The common name Jobé Bluecurls is given to this species for the same reasons. Habitat and distribution: — Trichostema hobe occurs in scrub; 5–19 meters; USA: Florida: Martin County. (Figure 21). Conservation status: —This species has an extremely narrow range, only occurring in the strip of scrub along the part of the Indian River called Hobe Sound in Martin County, from Seabranch State Preserve in the north to Jonathan Dickinson State Park in the south. It potentially also occurs in Palm Beach County in the Jupiter area, specifically the Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Outstanding Natural Area, and the scrub preserves along the Jupiter Ridge to the south, but this has not been verified. The known populations are quite large for this genus, numbering in the many hundreds in some cases. Based on the data collected for this study, this species should be recognized at a G2 ranking (NatureServe 2020). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — U.S.A. Florida, Martin County: Jonathan Dickinson State Park, 24 October 1950, Beck 1157 (FLAS!); Seabranch. … off Gomez Trail. Ca. 0.3 miles east of SR A1 A, ca. 0.3 miles north of theoretical SE Farmington Pl., 27.129467 N, 80.16455 W, 18 December 1997, Bradley, Woodmansee, Miller & Duquesnel 838 (FTG!); Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge, 27.006181 N, 80.09771944 W, 12 November 2018, McClelland 206 (NCU!); Jonathan Dickinson State Park, 27.018397 N, 80.112625 W, 4 August 2017, McClelland & Schoonover 90 (NCU!); Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge, 27.005951 N, 80.098044 W, 15 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 213 (NCU!); Seabranch Preserve State Park, 27.131189 N, 80.16703889 W, 4 August 2017, McClelland & Schoonover 92 (NCU!); 2 mi W. of Hobe Sound, along hiway U.S. # 1., 30 November 1974, Plettman & Turner F-48 (FTG!); Jonathan Dickinson State Park, Martin Co. Fla. Growing in pine woods near Casaurina camp ground, 10 November 1974, Popenoe 290 (FTG!); Jonathan Dickinson State Park, 9 March 1981, Smyth 5738 (WILLI!); Located in Jonathan Dickinson State Park (N. of Girl Scout Camp)., March 1988, Woodbury & Roberts s.n. (USF!)., Published as part of Mcclelland, R. Kevan Schoonover, Weakley, Alan S. & Poindexter, Derick B., 2023, Seven new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) from the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot, pp. 95-149 in Phytotaxa 603 (2) on pages 122-126, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8157972, {"references":["Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. H., Li, D. Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","Wheeler, R. J. & Pepe, J. (2002) The Jobe and Jeaga of the Palm Beach County area. The Florida Anthropologist 55 (3 - 4): 221 - 241."]}

Mcclelland, R. Kevan Schoonover, Weakley, Alan S., Poindexter, Derick B. (2023): Seven new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) from the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot. Phytotaxa 603 (2): 95-149, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

A new key to Trichostema section Trichostema: 1. Longest stem and node hairs three or more cells long; nodes with hairs primarily spreading, rarely also or only with hairs downwardly or upwardly curled; leaves widest towards the base or near the middle; longer style branch 1–2 times as long as the shorter (Trichostema dichotomum complex)......................................................................................................................................2 - Longest stem and node hairs three or fewer cells long; nodes with hairs primarily downwardly curved to appressed, rarely also with hairs spreading or upwardly curled; leaves widest near the middle or towards the tip, or linear; longer style branch 2 or more times as long as the shorter.................................................................................................................................................................5 2. Plant annual, branching primarily from the middle to upper part of the plant; mid-stem hairs spreading, occasionally also downwardly or upwardly curled, longest spreading hairs five or more cells long (view at 40x); longest node hairs five or more cells long (view at 40x), spreading, rarely also upwardly curved; nutlet ridges distinct, steep sided, giving a clearly wrinkled appearance (view at 20x; see figure 2); widespread in eastern North America............................................................. Trichostema dichotomum - Plant perennial, branching throughout the plant; mid-stem hairs downwardly curved, occasionally also spreading, longest spreading hairs 3–6 cells long; longest node hairs 3–6 cells long (view at 40x), spreading, rarely also or only downwardly curved; nutlet ridges fainter, shallow sided, giving a smoother appearance (view at 20x; see Figure 2); restricted to the outer coastal plain of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi.............................................................................................3 3. Older plants leggy, medium sized bushes to 1.25 meters tall; largest leaves 2.75–5.5 cm long, 0.75–1.75 cm wide; primarily inland with coastal populations in Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, the Florida Panhandle, and Northeast Florida; not restricted to obviously calcareous substrates...................................................................................................................... Trichostema fruticosum - Older plants compact, small to medium sized bushes to 1 meter tall; largest leaves 1–3.5 cm long, 0.5–1.25 cm wide; primarily on barrier islands of North and South Carolina or Peninsular Florida; restricted to obviously calcareous (i.e., shelly or limestone) substrates............................................................................................................................................................................................4 4. Largest leaves 1–2.3 cm long, 2–3 times as long as wide, often elliptic to rhombic; flowers lavender to white; anthers lemon yellow; along the coast of North and South Carolina................................................................................... Trichostema nesophilum - Largest leaves 1.5–3.5 cm long, 2.25–3.75 times long as wide, often ovate; flowers varying shades of blue or blue-purple; anthers the same color as the upper petals; in peninsular Florida.............................................................................. Trichostema floridanum 5. Plant annual; largest leaves 2–5 cm long, 5–25 times long as wide; widespread in the Southeast.................. Trichostema setaceum - Plant annual or perennial; largest leaves 1–3.5 cm long, 1.5–9 times long as wide; restricted to Florida.........................................6 6. Plant annual, branching primarily in the middle and upper part of the plant; largest leaves 1.8–3.5 cm long; restricted to the Florida Panhandle.............................................................................................................................................................. Trichostema latens - Plant perennial, branching primarily near the base or throughout; largest leaves 1–2.5 cm long; restricted to the Florida Peninsula............................................................................................................................................................................................................7 7. Largest leaves narrow, 3–9 times long as wide; nutlet ridges prominent, stocky, giving an intensely wrinkled or pockmarked appearance (view at 20x; see Figure 2)..............................................................................................................................................8 - Largest leaves wide, 1.5–4.5 times long as wide; nutlet ridges faint to somewhat prominent, giving a smooth to slightly wrinkled appearance (view at 20x; see Figure 2)..............................................................................................................................................9 8. Stem and node hairs primarily downwardly curved; largest leaves typically 1.5–2.5 cm long, 3.5–9 times long as wide; in mesic to scrubby flatwoods and scrub in the central to southern peninsula, not associated with the major ridge systems............................................................................................................................................................................................................. Trichostema gracile - Stem and node hairs primarily spreading to upwardly curved; largest leaves typically 1.1–1.9 cm long, 3–5 times long as wide; in sandhill and sandhill-scrub ecotones on the Brooksville Ridge and areas west........................................ Trichostema microphyllum 9. Plant branching throughout; flowering October to January; restricted to Florida scrub near Stuart and Jupiter, Florida.................................................................................................................................................................................................... Trichostema hobe - Plant branching primarily near the base; flowering June to December; restricted to the large central ridge systems and associated ridge spurs (e.g., Mt. Dora Ridge, Lake Wales Ridge).....................................................................................................................10 10. Plant less robust, to 60 cm tall; leaves obovate, occasionally oblong to elliptic, very rarely ovate (5% of measured specimens); bract apices obtuse, occasionally ± 90° to rounded or acute, very rarely emarginate (5% of measured specimens); mature calyces 4.7–6.0 mm; on the Trail, Mt. Dora, and Orlando ridges and associated ridge spurs................................ Trichostema suffrutescens - Plant more robust, to 1 meter tall; leaves obovate or oblong to elliptic, rarely ovate (20% of measured specimens); bract apices obtuse to rounded, occasionally ± 90° to acute, rarely emarginate (11% of measured specimens); mature calyces 5.2–6.2 mm; on the Lake Wales and Bombing Range ridges and associated ridge spurs.............................................. Trichostema bridgesii-orzellii, Published as part of Mcclelland, R. Kevan Schoonover, Weakley, Alan S. & Poindexter, Derick B., 2023, Seven new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) from the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot, pp. 95-149 in Phytotaxa 603 (2) on pages 129-130, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8157972

Trichostema bridgesii-orzellii K.S. McClell., sp. nov. (Figure 14) Diagnosis: —Suffrutescent perennial to 1 m tall, morphologically most similar to Trichostema suffrutescens. It differs from T. suffrutescens by its larger size to 1 m tall (vs. to 60 cm tall), longer fruiting calyces of 5.20–6.14 mm (vs. 4.76–5.97 mm), and a geographic restriction to the southern Lake Wales Ridge (vs. a geographic restriction to the Trail, Mt. Dora, Orlando, and northern Lake Wales Ridges). Type: — U.S.A. Florida. Highlands County. Openings in scrub and sandy roadside. Robert Kevan Schoonover, II, Edwin Bridges, and Steve Orzell 120a–h (holotype NCU!; isotypes FLAS!, GH!, MO!, NCU!, NY!, US!, USF!). Note: Specimens Robert Kevan Schoonover, II 120a–h represent a single gathering in accordance with Article 8.2 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Suffrutescent perennial to 1 m tall; branching primarily in the lower to middle part of the plant; stem hairs downwardly curved to two, occasionally to three, cells long (Figure 1g), with sessile glands; node hairs downwardly curved, rarely spreading, to two, occasionally to three, cells long (Figure 1g); leaves widest towards the tip or near the middle, rarely widest towards the base, (0.8–)1.16–1.82(–2.3) × (0.28–)0.44–0.75(–1.04), average of 1.49 × 0.6, cm, (1.53–)2.09– 3.06(–4.67), average of 2.57, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded to emarginate, rarely obtuse; inflorescence hairs spreading, occasionally downwardly curved, to two, occasionally to three, cells long, with sessile and spreading glands to two, rarely to three, cells long (including gland); bracts widest towards the tip, (2.5–)3.41–5.32(–6.8) × (0.7–)1.13–2(–3), average of 4.36 × 1.57, mm, (1.79–)2.3–3.46(–4.63), average of 2.88, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex obtuse to rounded, occasionally acute to ±90°, rarely emarginate; fruiting calyx (4.1–)5.2–6.14(–7.3), average of 5.67, mm long; buds purple-black to dark blue-purple, corolla dark blue or blue-purple to blue or blue-purple; anthers dark blue or blue-purple to blue or blue-purple; style bifid, the longer arm 2.5–4.5, rarely as little as 2 or as much as 6, times as long as the shorter; mature nutlets alveolate, (1.4–)1.55–1.78(–1.9), average of 1.67, mm long, hilum (0.4–)0.55–0.73(–0.9), average of 0.64, mm long, (0.27–)0.34–0.43(–0.5), average of 0.38, times the length of the nutlet, alveoli small, ridges mid-sized, occasionally short, rarely tall (Figure 2h). Phenology: —Flowers and fruits June to December. Some plants will have a small number of flowers February to May. Etymology: —This species is named after Edwin L. Bridges and Steve L. Orzell, who not only provided much assistance in collecting data for this study and co-collected the type specimens, but who also have had a long and impactful career studying the ecology and floristics of Florida, particularly of fire-maintained habitats. Several of their studies have focused on the Bombing Range Ridge and southern Lake Wales Ridge where this species is endemic. Their work has not only improved our understanding of the seasonality of fire and of fire ecology overall, but also has uncovered several new plant taxa that are Florida endemics. As such, it is fitting to name this species in their honor. The common name Bridge’s and Orzell’s Bluecurls is given to this species for the same reasons. The names of the two men “usually stand independently,” so a hyphenated epithet with each name in the genitive is used (Turland et al. 2018). Habitat and distribution: — Trichostema bridgesii-orzellii occurs in scrub and sandhills; 5–100 meters; USA: Florida: Lake, Highlands, Orange, Osceola, and Polk Counties. (Figure 15) Conservation status: —Based on the data collected for this study, this species should be recognized at a G2 ranking (NatureServe 2020). Notes: —This species is cryptic when compared to T. suffrutescens based solely on herbarium material. In the field it can be distinguished by its more robust size and the difference in the scent of its oils. Analysis of the volatile oils of these two species may help better define this difference, as has been done in the similarly distributed mint genus Dicerandra (McCormick et al. 1993). Trichostema bridgesii-orzellii occurs primarily on the Lake Wales and Bombing Range Ridges in Florida. The geographic split between this species and T. suffrutescens is unclear due to extensive habitat loss and the limitation which that imposed on sampling. Increased sampling of genetic and morphologic data from populations along the Lake Wales Ridge may help clarify the differences between these two taxa. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — U.S.A. Florida, Highlands County: Lake June-In-Winter Scrub State Park: N. end of park along fire lane, 22 October 2003, Bishop LJ 0155 (USF!); Archbold Biological Station, 10 miles south of Lake Placid, 7 September 1945, Brass 15598 (FLAS!, US!); Sandleblanket Lakes opposite Perry Road, off Avon Park Cutoff leaving I27. On the western boundary of the preserve and adjacent citrus plantation, 25 November 2002, Brockington & Edwards 113 (FLAS!); Sec. 07, R 29E, T34 S (Lake Arbuckle SW quad), 27.536946 N, 81.456847 W, 18 February 1986, Christman 101 (FTG!); Lake Jackson Northwest Scrub (High 69)., 28 February 1987, Christman & Beck 1324 (FLAS!); NE Lake June in Winter Scrub (High 80), 7 May 1986, Christman & Dorman 575 (FLAS!); Highlands Hammock State Park: Burn zone H-54 NE; along SE park boundary; E 1/2, SE /4, NE 1/4, NE 1/4, SE 1/4, S4, T35S, R28E, 27.461984 N, 81.516059 W, 8 June 1994, Cole HH 0052 (USF!); on north side of Lake Annie, off of rte. 70 just west of Old State Road 8., 3 September 1981, Correll & Correll 52393 (FTG!, USF!); Lake Placid., 13 September 1963, Craighead s.n. (USF!); east of Sebring, 14 April 1948, Garrett s.n. (NCSC!); 2.75 mi N of Fla 70 on Placid View Rd., 3.5 mi SSE of Lake Placid., 8 October 1978, Hansen & Hansen 4835 (USF!); Placid View Drive Scrub (High 62), 4 March 1986, Huck & Christman 3638 (FLAS!); West Lake Istokpoga Scrub (High 58)., 5 March 1986, Huck & Christman 3660 (FLAS!); East of Grassy Lake Scrub (High 47)., 27.259416 N, 81.308549 W, 5 March 1986, Huck & Christman 3712 (FLAS!, USF!); Archbold Biological Station, Lake Wales Ridge, Venus., 27.177347 N, 81.35264 W, 1 November 2012, Kupihea s.n. (NCU!); on terrace overlooking Lake June, just north of Jct. Temple Terrace, on Hwy # 27, 25 February 1961, Lakela 23776 (USF!); Vicinity of Avon Lakes., 30 March 1970, Lakela 32010 (USF!); Highlands Hammock State Park, 27.463808 N, 81.51718333 W, 14 October 2018, McClelland 201 (NCU!); Archbold Biological Station, 27.135097 N, 81.35855833 W, 15 October 2018, McClelland 202 (NCU!); Archbold Biological Station, 27.134633 N, 81.35923056 W, 15 October 2018, McClelland 203a (NCU!); Archbold Biological Station, 27.134633 N, 81.35923056 W, 15 October 2018, McClelland 203b (NCU!); Archbold Biological Station, 27.134633 N, 81.35923056 W, 15 October 2018, McClelland 203c (NCU!); Highlands Hammock State Park, 27.433950 N, 81.51862222 W, 7 August 2017, McClelland & Schoonover 94 (NCU!); Sec. 34. E. Of Botanical Garden, Sebring, 6 August 1934, McFarlin 8349 (FLAS!); Lake Jackson; Sebring, 6 September 1934, McFarlin 9402 (GA!); ca. 1.2 air mi N of Co Rd 700A (Arbuckle Creek Rd) at a point ca. 1.5 mi E of int Co Rd 17A, ca. 3 air mi NE of Sebring, 27.538889 N, 81.407222 W, 9 November 1990, Orzell & Bridges 15809 (FTG!, USF!); ca 0.4 air mi E of Echo Springs Rd at a point ca 0.5 air mi S from jct. of Long Cypress Cut on Avon Park Air Force Range. NEQ, SEQ, SEQ, Sec 30, T 33S, R31 E; Lake Arbuckle 7.5’ Quad., 27.57555556 N, 81.25222222 W, 28 November 2012, Orzell & Bridges 26611 (NCU!); ca. 0.5 mi N of Arbuckle Creek Road at a point 1.0 mi E of Powerline Road and 2.1 mi E of jct FL 17 (Old US 27) on N side of Sebring; SWQ, SWQ, Sec 10, T 34S, R29 E, Lake Arbuckle SW 7.5’ Quad; Carter Creek Unit of Lake Wales Ridge Wildlife and Environmental Area., 27.53027778 N, 81.41333333 W, 28 November 2012, Orzell & Bridges 26613 (NCU!); Crossing of Fla. Rte 17 and Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, south-east of Sebring, 26 June 1962, Ray, Jr., & Lakela 11064 (USF!); About four miles north of Lake Placid., 7 October 1960, Ray, Jr., Lakela & Patman 10396 (FLAS!, NCU!, USF!); Sebring, 6 mi. S of along Rt. 27, 28 August 1953, Sargent 6491 (GA!, NCSC!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.549492 N, 81.257875 W, 11 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 117a (NCU!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.549492 N, 81.257875 W, 11 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 117d (NCU!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.572656 N, 81.25540278 W, 11 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 118b (NCU!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.572656 N, 81.25540278 W, 11 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 118l (NCU!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.572656 N, 81.25540278 W, 12 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 120e (NCU!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.572656 N, 81.25540278 W, 12 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 120f (NCU!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.549492 N, 81.257875 W, 11 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 117b,c,e,f (RKSM!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.572656 N, 81.25540278 W, 11 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 118a,c-k (RKSM!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.572656 N, 81.25540278 W, 12 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 120a-d,g,h (RKSM!); Carter Creek Management Area, 27.529344 N, 81.412975 W, 7 August 2017, Schoonover, II, Schoonover & Orzell 96 (NCU!); 30 miles south of Sebring alog route 27., 25 August 1951, Webster 4207 (NCSC!, US!); [Highlands County, Florida], 8 September 1958, Welch s.n. (NCU!); Lake County: SW of jct Phil C. Peters Rd (Avalon Claypit Rd) and Spyglass Hill Rd, ca. 0.1 mi W of Orange Co line, ca. 5 air mi SE of Clermont, 28.491389 N, 81.659722 W, 28 October 1991, Orzell & Bridges 18729 (FTG!); Osceola County: Disney World West Entrance Scrub (Osce 08). Sec. 01, T 25S, R27 E (Intercession City Quad)., 28.345352 N, 81.562369 W, 24 September 1987, Christman & Stout 1873 (FLAS!); on W side of Armadillo Ave, at intersection of Goodman Rd, ca. 0.9 mi S of Oak Island Rd, just W of Davenport Creek Swamp, ca. 2.5 air mi SE of US 27/ US 192 jct; P. O. Wall, 28.318889 N, 81.65 W, 28 October 1991, Orzell & Bridges 18693 (FTG!, USF!); About 4 miles northwest of Loughman., 14 October 1960, Ray, Jr., Lakela & Patman 10466 (DUKE!, NCU!, USF!); Polk County: 3.5 mi S of Frostproof, 1.6 mi N of jct US 98 S /27S on US 27 A next to Hickory Lake., 20 October 1978, Arcuri & Crewz 825 (USF!); along Fla. 580, 5 miles east of Haines City, 20 November 1969, Baltzell 1464 (FLAS!); North Lake Marion Scrub (Polk 36). Sec 33, 29 & 28, T 27S, R28 E (Dundee Quad). NE Lake Marion., 28.091741 N, 81.516184 W, 27 February 1986, Christman 103 (FLAS!); West Wahneta Scrub (Polk 53). Sec 19, T 29S, R26 E (Eloise Quad)., 27.945631 N, 81.751193 W, 27 March 1986, Christman 250 (FLAS!); Boy Scout Camp (Polk 68). Sec. 06, T 29S, R29E., 27.990767 N, 81.455695 W, 15 February 1987, Christman & Beck 1246 (FLAS!); Pittsburg Scrub (Polk 59). Sec. 34, T 32S, R28 E (Frostproof Quad)., 27.653679 N, 81.506322 W, 29 September 1986, Christman & Dorman 858 (FLAS!); Wolfold Scrub (Polk 60). Sec 8, T 31S, R27 E (Alturus Quad)., 27.799252 N, 81.637507 W, 10 October 1986, Christman & Dorman 1016 (FLAS!); Tiger Creek Preserve. Wakeford Road Sandpines, 6 November 1987, Christman, Morrison, Buckner & Dorman 2002 (FLAS!); 5.5 mi. E. of Fla. 580 S, 7 October 1963, Conard s.n. (FLAS!); 1/ 4 mi. S of Canal Road on Rocky Point Road; T 29S, R28 E, Sect. 5, 27.994642 N, 81.536715 W, 22 June 1988, Delaney 1817 (USF!); ca. 4.5 mi. SSE of Frostproof. T 32S, R28 E, Sect. 14, SW 1/4, 27.697072 N, 81.490127 W, 5 August 1987, Hansen, Wunderlin & Delaney 11362 (USF!); NW of Lake Wales (Polk 04). Lake Wales Quad T 29S R27E S34, across from Station WIPC and adjacent to Grassy Lake., 27.917381 N, 81.602354 W, 3 October 1986, Huck 4321 (FLAS!); Flaming Arrow Scrub (Polk 21). Hesperides quad. Sec 5, T 30S, R29 E. Off Route 60, take Boy Scout Rd North., 27.90251 N, 81.440503 W, 15 October 1986, Huck 4507 (USF!); NW of Snell Creek, take dirt road opposite Miss Mary Ann Road off 580 N for.9- 2.9 mi., 7 October 1986, Huck & Bissett 4364 (FLAS!); Catfish Creek State Park, 27.983403 N, 81.49451111 W, 8 August 2017, McClelland & Schoonover 97 (NCU!); Lake Wales Ridge State Forest, 27.669856 N, 81.4083 W, 7 August 2017, McClelland, Schoonover & Orzell 95 (NCU!); ca. 2.6 mi north on Old School Bus Road from FL 64, in Arbuckle Unit of Lake Wales Ridge State Forest; NWQ, SEQ, NEQ, Sec. 21, T32S, R29E; Lake Arbucke 7.5’ Quad., 27.68527778 N, 81.41972222 W, 28 November 2012, Orzell & Bridges 26612 (NCU!); on N side of US 27A,. 8 mi. E of US 27., 21 March 1979, Richardson & Crewz 736 (USF!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.710475 N, 81.38609444 W, 11 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 119a (NCU!); Avon Park Air Force Range, 27.710475 N, 81.38609444 W, 11 November 2017, Schoonover, II, Bridges & Orzell 119b (NCU!); Common but rather localized in western part of preserve; Saddleblanket Lake Preserve, south of Avon Park cutoff road, west of US 27, 26 December 2001, Sorrie 10828 (NCU!); on S side of Bravo Rd., ca. 1.2 mi NE of Frostproof Rd.; Avon Park AFR; Lake Arbuckle NE 7.5’ Quad, 22 November 1996, van Hoek 801 A (FLAS!, USF!); n. side of Fla. 17, 1.7 mi. ne.e. of junct. With U.S. 27, 2.5 mi. s. of Frostproof, S 17, T32S, R28 E, 4 November 1966, Ward 6041 (FLAS!, GA!); northeast of Lake Wales near the Bok Tower, 14 August 1950, Wilbur & Webster 2630 (NCSC!, US!)., Published as part of Mcclelland, R. Kevan Schoonover, Weakley, Alan S. & Poindexter, Derick B., 2023, Seven new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) from the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot, pp. 95-149 in Phytotaxa 603 (2) on pages 114-117, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8157972, {"references":["Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. H., Li, D. Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018","McCormick, K. D., Deyrup, M. A., Menges, E. S., Wallace, S. R., Meinwald, J. & Eisner, T. (1993) Relevance of chemistry to conservation of isolated populations: the case of volatile leaf components of Dicerandra mints. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Washington, DC 90 (16): 7701 - 7705. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 90.16.7701"]}

Trichostema microphyllum K. S. McClell. sp. nov. (Figures 22 and 23) Diagnosis: —Virgate perennial to 60 cm tall, morphologically most similar to Trichostema suffrutescens. It differs from T. suffrutescens by its narrower leaves of 0.28–0.42 cm (vs. 1.13–1.74 cm), presence of spreading trichomes on the stem and at nodes (vs. downwardly curved), and a geographic restriction to the Brooksville Ridge and sandhill and scrub habitats to the west (vs. a geographic restriction to the Trail, Mt. Dora, Orlando, and northern Lake Wales Ridges). Type: — U.S.A. Florida. Citrus County. Sandy, xeric open forest, Withlacoochee State Forest, Citrus Tract along first trail crossing over Trail 11 B south of its intersection with Trail 20, 7 October 2018, R. Kevan Schoonover McClelland 190a–d (holotype NCU!; isotypes FLAS!, NY!, USF!). Note: Specimens R. Kevan Schoonover McClelland 190a–d represent a single gathering in accordance with Article 8.2 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Suffrutescent perennial to 60 cm tall; branching primarily in the lower to middle part of the plant; stem hairs spreading, occasionally upwardly curved, rarely downwardly curved to three cells long (Figure 1j), with sessile glands; node hairs spreading to upwardly curved, to three cells long (Figure 1j); leaves widest towards the tip, 1.1–1.49(–1.9) × (0.24–)0.28–0.42(–0.54), average of 1.28 × 0.35, cm, (3–)3.2–4.31(–5.42), average of 3.76, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded, rarely obtuse to acute or emarginate; inflorescence hairs spreading to upwardly curved, to three, rarely to four, cells long, with sessile and spreading glands to two cells long (including gland); bracts widest towards the tip, (2.8–)3.58–5.18(–6.4) × (0.5–)0.9–1.61(–1.9), average of 4.38 × 1.25, mm, (2.56–)2.7–4.77(–5.82), average of 3.73, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded, rarely obtuse to acute or emarginate; fruiting calyx (5–)5.19–5.94(–6.3), average of 5.56, mm long; buds purple-black to dark blue-purple, corolla dark blue or blue-purple to blue or blue-purple; anthers dark blue or blue-purple to blue or blue-purple; style bifid, the longer arm 3.5–4.5 times as long as the shorter; mature nutlets alveolate, (1.4–)1.47–1.75(–1.8), average of 1.61, mm long, hilum (0.4–)0.47–0.62(–0.7), average of 0.55, mm long, (0.25–)0.29–0.39(–0.43), average of 0.34, times the length of the nutlet alveoli small, rarely mid-sized, ridges tall, rarely mid-sized (Figure 2k). Phenology: —Flowers and fruits September to November. Etymology: —The epithet microphyllum (micro: Latin, small; phyll: Latin, leaf) is given to this species since it has the smallest leaves by leaf area of any Trichostema. The common name Small-leaved Bluecurls is given to this species for the same reason. Habitat and distribution: — Trichostema microphyllum occurs in sandhills and sandhill-scrub ecotones; 10—100 meters; USA: Florida: Alachua, Citrus, Hernando, Levy, Marion, and Pasco Counties. (Figure 24) Conservation status: —This species is restricted to the Brooksville Ridge and xeric habitats to the west. While the full extent of its range is possible to predict, how common it is in this range has been difficult to determine. The Citrus and Croom tracts of Withlacoochee State Forest represent the largest and highest quality habitats for this species and most observations of this species have been from these two properties. Based on the data collected for this study, this species should be recognized at a G2 ranking (NatureServe 2020). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — U.S.A. Florida, Alachua County: just W of Archer, 15.8 mi W of Gainesville on hwy US- 24., 25 October 1969, Faircloth 6406 (NCU!); 4 mi. NW of Archer on SR 24., 7 December 1985, Flietner 39 (WILLI!); west of Archer, 25 November 1921, Small, Small & DeWinkeler 10046 (DUKE!, FLAS!, US!); Hernando County: Plants of the Weeki Wachee Area, SR 595, 27 September 1971, Genelle & Fleming 1005 (USF!); Withlacoochee State Forest: Croom Tract, 28.586561 N, 82.255447 W, 16 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 217 (NCU!); About 2 miles e. of Weekiwachee springs., 16 October 1959, Ray, Jr. 9533 (USF!); 0.7 mi W of US 19 on FLA 595, T23 S, R17 E, Sect. 30., 28.455521 N, 82.641607 W, 16 October 1982, Wunderlin & Beckner 9441 (USF!); Levy County: Archer Sandhills, State Road 24, 1 mile from Alachua County border by microwave tower., 29 October 1989, Amoroso & Amaroso 153 (GA!); Levy County, 2 October 1948, Ford 2344 (FLAS!); Goethe State Forest - Bailey Mine, 29.458953 N, 82.550275 W, 4 November 2018, McClelland 204 (NCU!); Goethe State Forest: Bailey Mine Tract, 29.454238 N, 82.548642 W, 16 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 221 (NCU!)., Published as part of Mcclelland, R. Kevan Schoonover, Weakley, Alan S. & Poindexter, Derick B., 2023, Seven new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) from the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot, pp. 95-149 in Phytotaxa 603 (2) on pages 126-129, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8157972, {"references":["Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. H., Li, D. Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Trichostema latens K. S. McClell., sp. nov. (Figure 12) Diagnosis: —Herbaceous to woody annual to 50 cm tall, morphologically most similar to Trichostema dichotomum. It differs from T. dichotomum by its oblong to oblanceolate leaves (vs. lanceolate to elliptic), obtuse to emarginate leaf apices (vs. acute to obtuse), shorter fruiting calyces of 5.44–5.89 mm (vs. 5.91–7.24 mm), style branch ratio of 1:2–1:4 (vs. 1:1–1:2), and shorter mature nutlets of 1.61–1.77 mm (vs. 1.75–2.16 mm) with small alveoli (vs. mid-sized to large alveoli; Figure 2). Type: — U.S.A. Florida. Franklin County. F. S. U. [Florida State University] Coastal Marine Lab. W side of tidal creek on N side HWY 98. 15 November 2012, Loran Anderson 26815 (holotype NCU!; isotypes FLAS!, GH!, NY!, US!, USF!). Herbaceous to woody annual to 50 cm tall; branching primarily in the middle to upper part of the plant; stem hairs downwardly curved, rarely spreading to two, occasionally to three, cells long, with sessile glands; node hairs downwardly curved, rarely spreading, to two, occasionally to three, cells long; leaves widest towards the tip or near the middle, rarely widest towards the base, (1.8–)1.97–3.33(–3.6) × (0.42–)0.53–0.99(–1.1), average of 2.65 × 0.76, cm, (3–)3.18–3.95(–4.52), average of 3.56, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded to emarginate; inflorescence hairs spreading, rarely upwardly or downwardly curved, to two, occasionally to three, cells long, with sessile and spreading glands to two, rarely to three, cells long (including gland); bracts widest towards the tip, occasionally widest near the middle, (4.1–)4.36–8.02(–9.8) × 1–2.23(–3), average of 6.19 × 1.61, mm, (3.27–)3.49–4.45(–5), average of 3.97, times long as wide, base cuneate to attenuate, margin entire, apex obtuse, occasionally ±90° or rounded, rarely acute or emarginate; fruiting calyx (5.3–)5.44–5.89(–5.9), average of 5.67, mm long; buds dark blue-purple, corolla dark blue or blue-purple to blue or blue-purple; anthers dark blue or blue-purple to blue or blue-purple; style bifid, the longer arm 2–4 times as long as the shorter; mature nutlets alveolate, (1.6–)1.61–1.77(–1.8), average of 1.69, mm long, hilum (0.4–)0.45–0.57(–0.6), average of 0.51, mm long, (0.25–)0.27–0.34(–0.35), average of 0.3, times the length of the nutlet alveoli small, ridges short to mid-sized (Figure 2g). Phenology: —Flowers and fruits September to November. Etymology: —The epithet latens (Latin, hidden or secret) is given to this species for two reasons. The first is for eluding the author’s notice even after several years of intense study in this genus. Two sets of specimens, one from FLAS and one from NCU (and the only ones known to the author before he collected more in October 2021), were originally identified as T. floridanum, largely based on overall morphology and locality. Upon further morphological inspection, the author noticed differences in the FLAS specimen and assumed, erroneously, that it was an aberrant form of T. floridanum. This notion was abandoned later when the author reexamined the NCU collections (the designated types), which were from a different location and year than the FLAS specimen. A subsequent collecting trip allowed the author to revisit the collection sites, where he found both previously documented populations, one of which was growing in sympatry with T. fruticosum. There were no intermediate plants seen in the sympatric population. This collecting trip allowed these populations to be included in the genetic analyses that showed these plants were indeed distinct. The second reason for the epithet latens is that, despite extensive field work by the author, no other populations of this species were found, meaning that the only populations known are the two collection sites. There are potentially more populations hidden elsewhere in this area of Florida that are waiting to be “found,” for it is doubtful that the entirety of this species occurs in only two places on a six-mile stretch of highway. The common name of Hidden Bluecurls is given to this species for the same reasons. Habitat and distribution: — Trichostema latens occurs in coastal and near-coastal scrubby flatwoods; 0–5 meters; USA: Florida: Franklin County. (Figure 13) Conservation status: —Only two populations of this species are known despite much searching. It seems to have a similar ecological preference to Liatris provincialis Godfrey, so it may have a similar range. Future floristic surveys in the area may turn up more populations. This species has an extremely limited range and the threat to one of the currently known populations’ existence is extremely high since it is on a roadside. Based on the data collected for this study, this species should be recognized at a G1 ranking (NatureServe 2020). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — U.S.A. Florida, Franklin County: NE of Carrabelle, on U.S. 98, 4.5 miles west of the bridge over Ochlochoknee Bay. On the South side of the road., 23 September 2001, Edwards & Ionta 103 (FLAS!); Southern side of US 98, 1 road mile east of St. Teresa, 29.929721 N, 84.436264 W, 17 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 224 (NCU!); Clearing north of FSU Marine lab on US 98, 29.918286 N, 84.512064 W, 17 October 2021, McClelland & Schoonover 225 (NCU!)., Published as part of Mcclelland, R. Kevan Schoonover, Weakley, Alan S. & Poindexter, Derick B., 2023, Seven new species of Trichostema (Lamiaceae: Ajugoideae) from the North American Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot, pp. 95-149 in Phytotaxa 603 (2) on pages 112-113, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8157972