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1. Novel Genotypes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses, Germany, November 2023

Author

Ahrens, Ann Kathrin, Pohlmann, Anne, Grund, Christian, Harder, Timm, and Beer, Martin

Subjects
Avian influenza viruses -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects, Genotype -- Research, Virus research
Abstract

Germany has experienced repeated outbreaks of Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (HPAIVs) of clade 2.3.4.4b of the H5 goose/ Guangdong lineage since 2016, causing devastating losses to wild bird [...]

Published
2024

2. Low Susceptibility of Pigs against Experimental Infection with HPAI Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b

Author

Graaf, Annika, Piesche, Ronja, Sehl-Ewert, Julia, Grund, Christian, Pohlmann, Anne, Beer, Martin, and Harder, Timm

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Risk factors -- Development and progression, Swine -- Diseases, Disease transmission -- Research, Disease susceptibility -- Research, Health
Abstract

Spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b of the goose/Guangdong (gs/GD) lineage, has exacerbated since early 2022 into a panzootic (1). Regional enzootic status in wild [...]

Published
2023
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3. Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America

Author

Gunther, Anne, Krone, Oliver, Svansson, Vilhjalmur, Pohlmann, Anne, King, Jacqueline, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Skarpheoinsson, Kristinn Haukur, Siguroardottir, Heioa, Jonsson, Stefan Ragnar, Beer, Martin, Brugger, Brigitte, and Harder, Timm

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Causes of -- Risk factors, Avian influenza viruses -- Identification and classification -- Distribution, Bird populations -- Health aspects -- Distribution, Disease transmission -- Causes of -- Risk factors, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Potentially zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype hemagglutinin (HA) 5 (H5) emerged from a domestic geese flock in southern China in the mid-1990s. Since then, descendants [...]

Published
2022
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4. Red knots in Europe - a dead end host species or a new niche for highly pathogenic avian influenza?

Author

King, Jacqueline, primary, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Bange, Andreas, additional, Horn, Elisabeth, additional, Hälterlein, Bernd, additional, Breithaupt, Angele, additional, Globig, Anja, additional, Günther, Anne, additional, Kelm, Angie, additional, Wiedemann, Christian, additional, Grund, Christian, additional, Haecker, Karena, additional, Garthe, Stefan, additional, Harder, Timm, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, and Schwemmer, Philipp, additional

Published
2024
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5. Ahead of Print - Novel Picornavirus in Lambs with Severe Encephalomyelitis - Volume 25, Number 5—May 2019 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC

Author

Forth, Leonie F, Scholes, Sandra FE, Pesavento, Patricia A, Jackson, Kenneth, Mackintosh, Adrienne, Carson, Amanda, Howie, Fiona, Schlottau, Kore, Wernike, Kerstin, Pohlmann, Anne, Höper, Dirk, and Beer, Martin

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Encephalomyelitis, Metagenomics, Phylogeny, Picornaviridae, Picornaviridae Infections, Public Health Surveillance, Sheep, Sheep Diseases, Sheep, Domestic, Symptom Assessment, United Kingdom, England, Scotland, Wales, disease, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, lambs, neurologic, novel, ovine picornavirus, sheep, viruses, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology, Health services and systems
Abstract

Using metagenomic analysis, we identified a novel picornavirus in young preweaned lambs with neurologic signs associated with severe nonsuppurative encephalitis and sensory ganglionitis in 2016 and 2017 in the United Kingdom. In situ hybridization demonstrated intralesional neuronotropism of this virus, which was also detected in archived samples of similarly affected lambs (1998-2014).

Published
2019

6. Correction: Contribution of the Cpx envelope stress system to metabolism and virulence regulation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Author

Subramaniam, Sivaraman, Müller, Volker S, Hering, Nina A, Mollenkopf, Hans, Becker, Daniel, Heroven, Ann Kathrin, Dersch, Petra, Pohlmann, Anne, Tedin, Karsten, Porwollik, Steffen, McClelland, Michael, Meyer, Thomas F, and Hunke, Sabine

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211584.].

Published
2019

7. Contribution of the Cpx envelope stress system to metabolism and virulence regulation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Author

Subramaniam, Sivaraman, Müller, Volker S, Hering, Nina A, Mollenkopf, Hans, Becker, Daniel, Heroven, Ann Kathrin, Dersch, Petra, Pohlmann, Anne, Tedin, Karsten, Porwollik, Steffen, McClelland, Michael, Meyer, Thomas F, and Hunke, Sabine

Subjects
Salmonella typhi, Protein Kinases, Bacterial Proteins, Genomics, Virulence, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Anaerobiosis, Phosphorylation, Mutation, MD Multidisciplinary, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The Cpx-envelope stress system regulates the expression of virulence factors in many Gram-negative pathogens. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium deletion of the sensor kinase CpxA but not of the response regulator CpxR results in the down regulation of the key regulator for invasion, HilA encoded by the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Here, we provide evidence that cpxA deletion interferes with dephosphorylation of CpxR resulting in increased levels of active CpxR and consequently in misregulation of target genes. 14 potential operons were identified to be under direct control of CpxR. These include the virulence determinants ecotin, the omptin PgtE, and the SPI-2 regulator SsrB. The Tat-system and the PocR regulator that together promote anaerobic respiration of tetrathionate on 1,2-propanediol are also under direct CpxR control. Notably, 1,2-propanediol represses hilA expression. Thus, our work demonstrates for the first time the involvement of the Cpx system in a complex network mediating metabolism and virulence function.

Published
2019

9. West Nile virus spread in Europe:Phylogeographic pattern analysis and key drivers

Author

Lu, Lu, Zhang, Feifei, Munnink, Bas B.Oude, Munger, Emmanuelle, Sikkema, Reina S., Pappa, Styliani, Tsioka, Katerina, Sinigaglia, Alessandro, Dal Molin, Emanuela, Shih, Barbara B., Günther, Anne, Pohlmann, Anne, Ziegler, Ute, Beer, Martin, Taylor, Rachel A., Bartumeus, Frederic, Woolhouse, Mark, Aarestrup, Frank M., Barzon, Luisa, Papa, Anna, Lycett, Samantha, Koopmans, Marion P.G., Lu, Lu, Zhang, Feifei, Munnink, Bas B.Oude, Munger, Emmanuelle, Sikkema, Reina S., Pappa, Styliani, Tsioka, Katerina, Sinigaglia, Alessandro, Dal Molin, Emanuela, Shih, Barbara B., Günther, Anne, Pohlmann, Anne, Ziegler, Ute, Beer, Martin, Taylor, Rachel A., Bartumeus, Frederic, Woolhouse, Mark, Aarestrup, Frank M., Barzon, Luisa, Papa, Anna, Lycett, Samantha, and Koopmans, Marion P.G.

Abstract

Background West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in birds, humans, and livestock have occurred in multiple areas in Europe and have had a significant impact on animal and human health. The patterns of emergence and spread of WNV in Europe are very different from those in the US and understanding these are important for guiding preparedness activities. Methods We mapped the evolution and spread history of WNV in Europe by incorporating viral genome sequences and epidemiological data into phylodynamic models. Spatially explicit phylogeographic models were developed to explore the possible contribution of different drivers to viral dispersal direction and velocity. A "skygrid-GLM"approach was used to identify how changes in environments would predict viral genetic diversity variations over time. Findings Among the six lineages found in Europe, WNV-2a (a sub-lineage of WNV-2) has been predominant (accounting for 73% of all sequences obtained in Europe that have been shared in the public domain) and has spread to at least 14 countries. In the past two decades, WNV- 2a has evolved into two major co-circulating clusters, both originating from Central Europe, but with distinct dynamic history and transmission patterns. WNV-2a spreads at a high dispersal velocity (88km/yr-215 km/yr) which is correlated to bird movements. Notably, amongst multiple drivers that could affect the spread of WNV, factors related to land use were found to strongly influence the spread of WNV. Specifically, the intensity of agricultural activities (defined by factors related to crops and livestock production, such as coverage of cropland, pasture, cultivated and managed vegetation, livestock density) were positively associated with both spread direction and velocity. In addition, WNV spread direction was associated with high coverage of wetlands and migratory bird flyways. Conclusion Our results suggest that-in addition to ecolo

Published
2024

10. Human Infection with Eurasian Avian-Like Swine Influenza A(H1N1) Virus, the Netherlands, September 2019

Author

Parys, Anna, Vandoorn, Elien, King, Jacqueline, Graaf, Annika, Pohlmann, Anne, Beer, Martin, Harder, Timm, and Van Reeth, Kristien

Subjects
Swine influenza -- Case studies, Zoonoses -- Case studies, Health
Abstract

Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses (IAVs) are entirely derived from a precursor virus of avian origin (1) and have been enzootic in the swine population in Europe since 1979 [...]

Published
2021
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11. SARS-CoV-2 spike D614G change enhances replication and transmission

Author

Zhou, Bin, Thao, Tran Thi Nhu, Hoffmann, Donata, Taddeo, Adriano, Ebert, Nadine, Labroussaa, Fabien, Pohlmann, Anne, King, Jacqueline, Steiner, Silvio, Kelly, Jenna N., Portmann, Jasmine, Halwe, Nico Joel, Ulrich, Lorenz, Trüeb, Bettina Salome, Fan, Xiaoyu, Hoffmann, Bernd, Wang, Li, Thomann, Lisa, Lin, Xudong, Stalder, Hanspeter, Pozzi, Berta, de Brot, Simone, Jiang, Nannan, Cui, Dan, Hossain, Jaber, Wilson, Malania M., Keller, Matthew W., Stark, Thomas J., Barnes, John R., Dijkman, Ronald, Jores, Joerg, Benarafa, Charaf, Wentworth, David E., Thiel, Volker, and Beer, Martin

Published
2021
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12. West Nile virus spread in Europe: Phylogeographic pattern analysis and key drivers

Author

Lu, Lu, primary, Zhang, Feifei, additional, Oude Munnink, Bas B., additional, Munger, Emmanuelle, additional, Sikkema, Reina S., additional, Pappa, Styliani, additional, Tsioka, Katerina, additional, Sinigaglia, Alessandro, additional, Dal Molin, Emanuela, additional, Shih, Barbara B., additional, Günther, Anne, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Ziegler, Ute, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, Taylor, Rachel A., additional, Bartumeus, Frederic, additional, Woolhouse, Mark, additional, Aarestrup, Frank M., additional, Barzon, Luisa, additional, Papa, Anna, additional, Lycett, Samantha, additional, and Koopmans, Marion P. G., additional

Published
2024
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16. Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N2) Virus in Broiler Chickens, Egypt

Author

Hassan, Kareem E., King, Jacqueline, El-Kady, Magdy, Afifi, Manal, Abozeid, Hassanein H., Pohlmann, Anne, Beer, Martin, and Harder, Timm

Subjects
Lectins, Avian influenza, Respiratory tract diseases, Infection, Avian influenza viruses, Genomics, Livestock farms, Lung diseases, Influenza, Farms, Diseases, Influenza viruses, Genomes, Health
Abstract

Since 2006, Egypt's poultry industry has been plagued by endemic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H5N1, clade 2.2.1, of the goose/Guangdong (gs/GD) lineage (1). In addition, [...]

Published
2020
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19. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N1 infection in two European grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ) with encephalitis

Author

Mirolo, Monica, primary, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Ahrens, Ann Kathrin, additional, Kühl, Bianca, additional, Rubio-Garcìa, Ana, additional, Kramer, Katharina, additional, Meinfelder, Ulrike, additional, Rosenberger, Tanja, additional, Morito, Hannah Leah, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, Ludlow, Martin, additional, Wohlsein, Peter, additional, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, additional, Harder, Timm, additional, and Osterhaus, Albert, additional

Published
2023
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20. Neighbourhood watch: genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in a German federal state, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, in 2020–2022

Author

Kohler, Christian, primary, King, Jacqueline, additional, Stacker, Lina, additional, Goller, Katja V., additional, Moritz, Juliane, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Nath, Neetika, additional, Tzvetkova, Ana, additional, Rieck, Maximilian, additional, Paraskevopoulou, Sofia, additional, Beslic, Denis, additional, Hölzer, Martin, additional, Fuchs, Stephan, additional, Ziemann, Janine, additional, Kaderali, Lars, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, Hübner, Nils-Olaf, additional, and Becker, Karsten, additional

Published
2023
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21. Emergence and potential transmission route of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in domestic cats in Poland, June 2023

Author

Rabalski, Lukasz, primary, Milewska, Aleksandra, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Gackowska, Karolina, additional, Lepionka, Tomasz, additional, Szczepaniak, Klaudiusz, additional, Swiatalska, Agnieszka, additional, Sieminska, Izabela, additional, Arent, Zbigniew, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, Koopmans, Marion, additional, Grzybek, Maciej, additional, and Pyrc, Krzysztof, additional

Published
2023
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22. Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany

Author

Graaf-Rau, Annika, primary, Hennig, Christin, additional, Lillie-Jaschniski, Kathrin, additional, Koechling, Monika, additional, Stadler, Julia, additional, Boehmer, Jan, additional, Ripp, Ulrike, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Schwarz, Bernd-Andreas, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, and Harder, Timm, additional

Published
2023
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24. Genetic Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5N6/H5N5), Germany, 2017-2018

Author

Pohlmann, Anne, Hoffmann, Donata, Grund, Christian, Koethe, Susanne, Hussy, Daniela, Meier, Simone M., King, Jacqueline, Schinkothe, Jan, Ulrich, Reiner, Harder, Timm, and Beer, Martin

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Genetic aspects -- Analysis, Avian influenza viruses -- Analysis, Influenza, Health
Abstract

During winter 2016-17, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b caused substantial losses in wild water birds and domestic poultry across Europe (1-4). This virus is [...]

Published
2019
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25. Novel Picornavirus in Lambs with Severe Encephalomyelitis

Author

Forth, Leonie F., Scholes, Sandra F.E., Pesavento, Patricia A., Jackson, Kenneth, Mackintosh, Adrienne, Carson, Amanda, Howie, Fiona, Schlottau, Kore, Wernike, Kerstin, Pohlmann, Anne, Hoper, Dirk, and Beer, Martin

Subjects
Picornavirus infections -- Risk factors, Encephalomyelitis -- Development and progression -- Case studies -- Diagnosis, Lambs -- Health aspects, Neurons, Brain, Encephalitis, Infection, Novels, Health
Abstract

In 2016 in Scotland, and in 2017 in Wales, progressive neurologic signs were observed in young lambs. These cases were associated with nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis predominantly involving gray matter, including neuronal [...]

Published
2019
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26. Continuous surveillance of potentially zoonotic avian pathogens detects contemporaneous occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV H5) and flaviviruses (USUV, WNV) in several wild and captive birds

Author

Günther, Anne, primary, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Globig, Anja, additional, Ziegler, Ute, additional, Calvelage, Sten, additional, Keller, Markus, additional, Fischer, Dominik, additional, Staubach, Christoph, additional, Groschup, Martin H., additional, Harder, Timm, additional, and Beer, Martin, additional

Published
2023
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28. Mass mortality among colony-breeding seabirds in the German Wadden Sea in 2022 due to distinct genotypes of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b

Author

Pohlmann, Anne, primary, Stejskal, Ole, additional, King, Jacqueline, additional, Bouwhuis, Sandra, additional, Packmor, Florian, additional, Ballstaedt, Elmar, additional, Hälterlein, Bernd, additional, Hennig, Veit, additional, Stacker, Lina, additional, Graaf, Annika, additional, Hennig, Christin, additional, Günther, Anne, additional, Liang, Yuan, additional, Hjulsager, Charlotte, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, and Harder, Timm, additional

Published
2023
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29. Emergence and potential transmission route of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in domestic cats in Poland, June 2023

Author

Rabalski, Lukasz, Milewska, Aleksandra, Pohlmann, Anne, Gackowska, Karolina, Lepionka, Tomasz, Szczepaniak, Klaudiusz, Swiatalska, Agnieszka, Sieminska, Izabela, Arent, Zbigniew, Beer, Martin, Koopmans, Marion, Grzybek, Maciej, Pyrc, Krzysztof, Rabalski, Lukasz, Milewska, Aleksandra, Pohlmann, Anne, Gackowska, Karolina, Lepionka, Tomasz, Szczepaniak, Klaudiusz, Swiatalska, Agnieszka, Sieminska, Izabela, Arent, Zbigniew, Beer, Martin, Koopmans, Marion, Grzybek, Maciej, and Pyrc, Krzysztof

Abstract

In June 2023, a fatal disease outbreak in cats occurred in Poland. Most cases tested in Poland (29 of 47) were positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus. Genetic analyses revealed clade 2.3.4.4b with point mutations indicative of initial mammalian hosts adaptations. Cat viral sequences were highly similar (n = 21), suggesting a potential common infection source. To investigate possible infection routes, our group tested food samples from affected households. HPAI H5N1 virus was detected in one poultry meat sample.

Published
2023

30. Mass mortality among colony-breeding seabirds in the German Wadden Sea in 2022 due to distinct genotypes of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b

Author

Pohlmann, Anne, Stejskal, Ole, King, Jacqueline, Bouwhuis, Sandra, Packmor, Florian, Ballstaedt, Elmar, Hälterlein, Bernd, Hennig, Veit, Stacker, Lina, Graaf, Annika, Hennig, Christin, Günther, Anne, Liang, Yuan, Hjulsager, Charlotte, Beer, Martin, Harder, Timm, Pohlmann, Anne, Stejskal, Ole, King, Jacqueline, Bouwhuis, Sandra, Packmor, Florian, Ballstaedt, Elmar, Hälterlein, Bernd, Hennig, Veit, Stacker, Lina, Graaf, Annika, Hennig, Christin, Günther, Anne, Liang, Yuan, Hjulsager, Charlotte, Beer, Martin, and Harder, Timm

Abstract

Mass mortality was observed among colony-breeding seabirds in the German Wadden Sea area of the North Sea during the summer months of 2022. Several species' colonies were affected, most notably sandwich terns (Thalasseus sandvicensis), common terns (Sterna hirundo) and Germany's only northern gannet (Morus bassanus) colony on the island of Heligoland. Mortality in some tern colonies reached 40%, while other colonies were almost spared. In all cases, infections with the high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 of clade 2.3.4.4b were identified to have caused the epidemic. Phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences revealed that the outbreaks were dominated by two genotypes, Ger-10-21 N1.2 and Ger-10-21 N1.5, previously identified in Germany. Spatiotemporal analyses of phylogenetic data suggested that these viruses could have entered the continental North Sea coastal region via the British Isles. A close linkage of viruses from tern colonies in the German Wadden Sea was evident with further connections to breeding colonies in Belgium and the Netherlands, and further spread to Denmark and Poland. Several of the affected species are endangered, such that negative effects of epizootic HPAIV infections on populations are feared, with uncertain long-term consequences.

Published
2023

31. Role for migratory wild birds in the global spread of avian influenza H5N8

Author

Lycett, Samantha J., Bodewes, Rogier, Pohlmann, Anne, Banks, Jill, Bányai, Krisztián, Boni, Maciej F., Bouwstra, Ruth, Breed, Andrew C., Brown, Ian H., Chen, Hualan, Dán, Ádám, DeLiberto, Thomas J., Diep, Nguyen, Gilbert, Marius, Hill, Sarah, Ip, Hon S., Ke, Chang Wen, Kida, Hiroshi, Killian, Mary Lea, Koopmans, Marion P., Kwon, Jung-Hoon, Lee, Dong-Hun, Lee, Youn Jeong, Lu Lu, Monne, Isabella, Pasick, John, Pybus, Oliver G., Rambaut, Andrew, Robinson, Timothy P., Sakoda, Yoshihiro, Zohari, Siamak, Song, Chang-Seon, Swayne, David E., Torchetti, Mia Kim, Tsai, Hsiang-Jung, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Beer, Martin, Woolhouse, Mark, and Kuiken, Thijs

Published
2016

35. West Nile Virus spread in Europe - phylogeographic pattern analysis and key drivers

Author

Lu, Lu, primary, Zhang, Feifei, additional, Oude Munnink, Bas B., additional, Munger, Emmanuelle, additional, Sikkema, Reina S., additional, Pappa, Styliani, additional, Tsioka, Katerina, additional, Sinigaglia, Alessandro, additional, Dal Molin, Emanuela, additional, Shih, Barbara B., additional, Günther, Anne, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, Taylor, Rachel A., additional, Bartumeus, Frederic, additional, Woolhouse, Mark, additional, Aarestrup, Frank M., additional, Barzon, Luisa, additional, Papa, Anna, additional, Lycett, Samantha, additional, and Koopmans, Marion P. G., additional

Published
2022
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36. Outbreaks among wild birds and domestic poultry caused by reassorted influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, Germany, 2016

Author

Pohlmann, Anne, Starick, Elke, Harder, Timm, Grund, Christian, Hoper, Dirk, Globig, Anja, Staubach, Christoph, Dietze, Klaas, Strebelow, Gunter, Ulrich, Reiner G., Schinkothe, Jan, Teifke, Jens P., Conraths, Franz J., Mettenleiter, Thomas C., and Beer, Martin

Subjects
Veterinary epidemiology -- Analysis, Poultry (Animals) -- Health aspects -- Research, Avian influenza -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Health
Abstract

During 2014-2015, after massive outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) on the Korean Peninsula, subtype H5N8 viruses (group A clade 2.3.4.4) caused outbreaks among wild birds and domestic poultry [...]

Published
2017
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38. Cold-passaged isolates and bat-swine influenza a chimeric viruses as modified live-attenuated vaccines against influenza a viruses in pigs

Author

Graaf, Annika, primary, Petric, Philipp P., additional, Sehl-Ewert, Julia, additional, Henritzi, Dinah, additional, Breithaupt, Angele, additional, King, Jacqueline, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Deutskens, Fabian, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, Schwemmle, Martin, additional, and Harder, Timm, additional

Published
2022
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39. Has Epizootic Become Enzootic? Evidence for a Fundamental Change in the Infection Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Europe, 2021

Author

Pohlmann, Anne, primary, King, Jacqueline, additional, Fusaro, Alice, additional, Zecchin, Bianca, additional, Banyard, Ashley C., additional, Brown, Ian H., additional, Byrne, Alexander M. P., additional, Beerens, Nancy, additional, Liang, Yuan, additional, Heutink, Rene, additional, Harders, Frank, additional, James, Joe, additional, Reid, Scott M., additional, Hansen, Rowena D. E., additional, Lewis, Nicola S., additional, Hjulsager, Charlotte, additional, Larsen, Lars E., additional, Zohari, Siamak, additional, Anderson, Kristofer, additional, Bröjer, Caroline, additional, Nagy, Alexander, additional, Savič, Vladimir, additional, van Borm, Steven, additional, Steensels, Mieke, additional, Briand, Francois-Xavier, additional, Swieton, Edyta, additional, Smietanka, Krzysztof, additional, Grund, Christian, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, and Harder, Timm, additional

Published
2022
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40. Connect to Protect: Dynamics and Genetic Connections of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Poultry from 2016 to 2021 in Germany

Author

King, Jacqueline, primary, Staubach, Christoph, additional, Lüder, Christiane, additional, Koethe, Susanne, additional, Günther, Anne, additional, Stacker, Lina, additional, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, additional, Dietze, Klaas, additional, Grund, Christian, additional, Conraths, Franz J., additional, Harder, Timm, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, and Pohlmann, Anne, additional

Published
2022
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41. Disentangling the role of poultry farms and wild birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Europe

Author

Guinat, Claire, primary, Valenzuela Agüí, Cecilia, additional, Vaughan, Timothy G, additional, Scire, Jérémie, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Staubach, Christoph, additional, King, Jacqueline, additional, Świętoń, Edyta, additional, Dán, Ádám, additional, Černíková, Lenka, additional, Ducatez, Mariette F, additional, and Stadler, Tanja, additional

Published
2022
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42. Has Epizootic Become Enzootic? Evidence for a Fundamental Change in the Infection Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Europe, 2021

Author

Pohlmann, Anne, King, Jacqueline, Fusaro, Alice, Zecchin, Bianca, Banyard, Ashley C., Brown, Ian H., Byrne, Alexander M.P., Beerens, Nancy, Liang, Yuan, Heutink, Rene, Harders, Frank, James, Joe, Reid, Scott M., Hansen, Rowena D.E., Lewis, Nicola S., Hjulsager, Charlotte, Larsen, Lars E., Zohari, Siamak, Anderson, Kristofer, Bröjer, Caroline, Nagy, Alexander, Savič, Vladimir, van Borm, Steven, Steensels, Mieke, Briand, Francois Xavier, Swieton, Edyta, Smietanka, Krzysztof, Grund, Christian, Beer, Martin, Harder, Timm, Pohlmann, Anne, King, Jacqueline, Fusaro, Alice, Zecchin, Bianca, Banyard, Ashley C., Brown, Ian H., Byrne, Alexander M.P., Beerens, Nancy, Liang, Yuan, Heutink, Rene, Harders, Frank, James, Joe, Reid, Scott M., Hansen, Rowena D.E., Lewis, Nicola S., Hjulsager, Charlotte, Larsen, Lars E., Zohari, Siamak, Anderson, Kristofer, Bröjer, Caroline, Nagy, Alexander, Savič, Vladimir, van Borm, Steven, Steensels, Mieke, Briand, Francois Xavier, Swieton, Edyta, Smietanka, Krzysztof, Grund, Christian, Beer, Martin, and Harder, Timm

Abstract

Phylogenetic evidence from the recent resurgence of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, observed in European wild birds and poultry since October 2021, suggests at least two different and distinct reservoirs. We propose contrasting hypotheses for this emergence: (i) resident viruses have been maintained, presumably in wild birds, in northern Europe throughout the summer of 2021 to cause some of the outbreaks that are part of the most recent autumn/winter 2021 epizootic, or (ii) further virus variants were reintroduced by migratory birds, and these two sources of reintroduction have driven the HPAI resurgence. Viruses from these two principal sources can be distinguished by their hemagglutinin genes, which segregate into two distinct sublineages (termed B1 and B2) within clade 2.3.4.4b, as well as their different internal gene compositions. The evidence of enzootic HPAI virus circulation during the summer of 2021 indicates a possible paradigm shift in the epidemiology of HPAI in Europe.

Published
2022

43. Influenza A(H5N8) virus similar to strain in Korea causing highly pathogenic avian influenza in Germany

Author

Harder, Timm, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Pohlmann, Anne, Starick, Elke, Horeth-Bontgen, Detlef, Albrecht, Karin, Pannwitz, Gunter, Teifke, Jens, Gunalan, Vithiagaran, Lee, Raphael T.C., Sauter-Louis, Carola, Homeier, Timo, Staubach, Christoph, Wolf, Carola, Strebelow, Gunter, Hoper, Dirk, Grund, Christian, Conraths, Franz J., Mettenleiter, Thomas C., and Beer, Martin

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Development and progression, Poultry industry, Turkeys, Livestock farms, Health
Abstract

Reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were introduced into South Korea in early 2014, possibly by virus-infected wild birds. The virus, which was spread widely by [...]

Published
2015
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44. Comparison of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses from Germany and the United States, 2014

Author

Hanke, Dennis, Jenckel, Maria, Petrov, Anja, Ritzmann, Mathias, Stadler, Julia, Akimkin, Valerij, Blome, Sandra, Pohlmann, Anne, Schirrmeier, Horst, Beer, Martin, and Hoper, Dirk

Subjects
Epidemics -- Germany -- Analysis, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Analysis, Genomics -- Analysis, Swine -- Analysis, Diarrhea -- Analysis, Pork industry -- Analysis, Livestock farms -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of swine that results in severe enteritis, diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration (1). Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the [...]

Published
2015
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46. Infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N8 in harbor seals at the German North Sea coast, 2021

Author

Postel, Alexander, primary, King, Jacqueline, additional, Kaiser, Franziska K., additional, Kennedy, Johanna, additional, Lombardo, Mara Sophie, additional, Reineking, Wencke, additional, de le Roi, Madeleine, additional, Harder, Timm, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Gerlach, Thomas, additional, Rimmelzwaan, Guus, additional, Rohner, Simon, additional, Striewe, Lotte C., additional, Gross, Stephanie, additional, Schick, Luca A., additional, Klink, Jana C., additional, Kramer, Katharina, additional, Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E., additional, Beer, Martin, additional, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, additional, Siebert, Ursula, additional, and Becher, Paul, additional

Published
2022
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47. Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

Author

Lycett, Samantha J., Pohlmann, Anne, Staubach, Christoph, Caliendo, Valentina, Woolhouse, Mark, Beer, Martin, Kuiken, Thijs, van Borm, Steven, Breed, Andrew, Briand, Francois-Xavier, Brown, Ian, Dán, Ádám, DeLiberto, Thomas, von Dobschuetz, Sophie, Fouchier, Ron, Gilbert, Marius, Hill, Sarah, Hjulsager, Charlotte Kristiane, Ip, Hon, Koopmans, Marion, Larsen, Lars Erik, Lee, Dong-Hun, Naguib, Mahmoud Mohamed, Monne, Isabella, Pybus, Oliver, Ramey, Andrew, Savic, Vladimir, Sharshov, Kirill, Shestopalov, Alexander, Song, Chang-Seon, Steensels, Mieke, Swayne, David, Świętoń, Edyta, Wan, XiuFeng, Zohari, Siamak, and Virology

Subjects
Emerging infectious diseases, Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Reassortant virus, Lineage (genetic), Asia, animal diseases, viruses, Bird migration, Severe disease, Zoology, Animals, Wild, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Poultry, Wild birds, emerging infectious diseases, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Goose, biology.animal, Reassortant Viruses, highly pathogenic avian influenza, phylogenetic analysis, poultry, wild birds, medicine, Animals, Epidemics, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic analysis, Multidisciplinary, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, 030306 microbiology, virus diseases, Biological Sciences, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, 3. Good health, Europe, Influenza in Birds
Abstract

Significance In 2016/2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the subtype H5 spilled over into wild birds and caused the largest known HPAI epidemic in Europe, affecting poultry and wild birds. During its spread, the virus frequently exchanged genetic material (reassortment) with cocirculating low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. To determine where and when these reassortments occurred, we analyzed Eurasian avian influenza viruses and identified a large set of H5 HPAI reassortants. We found that new genetic material likely came from wild birds across their migratory range and from domestic ducks not only in China, but also in central Europe. This knowledge is important to understand how the virus could adapt to wild birds and become established in wild bird populations., Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cause severe disease in poultry and wild birds, and occasionally in humans. In recent years, H5 HPAI viruses of this lineage infecting poultry in Asia have spilled over into wild birds and spread via bird migration to countries in Europe, Africa, and North America. In 2016/2017, this spillover resulted in the largest HPAI epidemic on record in Europe and was associated with an unusually high frequency of reassortments between H5 HPAI viruses and cocirculating low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Here, we show that the seven main H5 reassortant viruses had various combinations of gene segments 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Using detailed time-resolved phylogenetic analysis, most of these gene segments likely originated from wild birds and at dates and locations that corresponded to their hosts’ migratory cycles. However, some gene segments in two reassortant viruses likely originated from domestic anseriforms, either in spring 2016 in east China or in autumn 2016 in central Europe. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to domestic anseriforms in Asia, both migratory wild birds and domestic anseriforms in Europe are relevant sources of gene segments for recent reassortant H5 HPAI viruses. The ease with which these H5 HPAI viruses reassort, in combination with repeated spillovers of H5 HPAI viruses into wild birds, increases the risk of emergence of a reassortant virus that persists in wild bird populations yet remains highly pathogenic for poultry.

Published
2020

49. Disentangling the role of poultry farms and wild birds in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 in Europe

Author

Guinat, Claire, primary, Agui, Cecilia Valenzuela, additional, Vaughan, Timothy G., additional, Scire, Jérémie, additional, Pohlmann, Anne, additional, Staubach, Christoph, additional, King, Jacqueline, additional, Swieton, Edyta, additional, Dan, Adam, additional, Cernikova, Lenka, additional, Ducatez, Mariette F., additional, and Stadler, Tanja, additional

Published
2021
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