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2. Association between Precipitation Events, Drought, and Animal Operations with Campylobacter Infections in the Southwest United States, 2009-2021

Author

Austhof, Erika, Brown, Heidi E., White, Alice E., Jervis, Rachel H., Weiss, Joli, Davis, Sarah Shrum, Moore, Delaney, and Pogreba-Brown, Kristen

Subjects
Droughts -- Health aspects -- United States, Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Health aspects, Campylobacter infections -- Risk factors -- Environmental aspects, Southwestern United States -- Environmental aspects -- Health aspects
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Weather variability is associated with enteric infections in people through a complex interaction of human, animal, and environmental factors. Although Campylobacter infections have been previously associated with precipitation and temperature, the association between precipitation and drought on campylobacteriosis has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: Using data from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and counties in Utah, this ecological study aimed to assess the association between precipitation and the incidence of campylobacteriosis by county from 2009 to 2021 and to determine how this association is modified by prior drought level and animal operations. METHODS: We merged 38,782 cases of campylobacteriosis reported in 127 counties with total precipitation (in inches), temperature (in average degrees Fahrenheit), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, category), and animal census data (presence, density per square mile) by week from 2009 to 2021. Negative binomial generalized estimating equations adjusted for temperature with a 3-wk lag were used to explore the association between precipitation on campylobacteriosis with resulting incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Stratified analyses explored the association with precipitation following antecedent drought, presence of farm operations, and animal density. RESULTS: A 1-in (25:4 mm) increase in precipitation was associated with a 3% increase in campylobacteriosis reported 3 wks later (IRR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04) after adjusting for average temperature and PDSI. Compared with normal conditions, there were significantly more cases when precipitation followed antecedent extremely wet (IRR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26), very wet (IRR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18), moderately wet (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12), moderate drought (IRR =1.11; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.16), and severe drought (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11) conditions, whereas there were significantly fewer cases (IRR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.94) for antecedent extreme drought. Compared to counties with no animal operations, counties with animal operations had significantly more cases following precipitation for every PDSI category except extreme drought. Counties with a higher density of beef cattle, goats for meat, chicken broilers, and chicken layers had significantly higher rates of campylobacteriosis following precipitation than those with no such operations, whereas those with dairy cattle and goats for milk, did not. DISCUSSION: In this majority arid and semiarid environment, precipitation following prior wet conditions and moderate and severe drought were significantly associated with increased rates of campylobacteriosis, and only in prior extreme drought did rates decrease. Where the precipitation fell made a difference; after precipitation, counties with farm operations had significantly more cases compared to counties without farm operations. Further work should assess individual-level risk factors within environmental exposure pathways for Campylobacter. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14693, Introduction In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate Campylobacter, a bacteria, causes 1:5 million infections each year. (1) The majority of Campylobacter infections (90%) [...]

Published
2024
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12. Understanding low COVID-19 booster uptake among US adults

Author

Jacobs, Elizabeth T., primary, Cordova-Marks, Felina M., additional, Farland, Leslie V., additional, Ernst, Kacey C., additional, Andrews, Jennifer G., additional, Vu, Sage, additional, Heslin, Kelly M., additional, Catalfamo, Collin, additional, Chen, Zhao, additional, and Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional

Published
2023
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16. Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) adult study protocol: Rationale, objectives, and design

Author

Horwitz, Leora I., primary, Thaweethai, Tanayott, additional, Brosnahan, Shari B., additional, Cicek, Mine S., additional, Fitzgerald, Megan L., additional, Goldman, Jason D., additional, Hess, Rachel, additional, Hodder, S. L., additional, Jacoby, Vanessa L., additional, Jordan, Michael R., additional, Krishnan, Jerry A., additional, Laiyemo, Adeyinka O., additional, Metz, Torri D., additional, Nichols, Lauren, additional, Patzer, Rachel E., additional, Sekar, Anisha, additional, Singer, Nora G., additional, Stiles, Lauren E., additional, Taylor, Barbara S., additional, Ahmed, Shifa, additional, Algren, Heather A., additional, Anglin, Khamal, additional, Aponte-Soto, Lisa, additional, Ashktorab, Hassan, additional, Bassett, Ingrid V., additional, Bedi, Brahmchetna, additional, Bhadelia, Nahid, additional, Bime, Christian, additional, Bind, Marie-Abele C., additional, Black, Lora J., additional, Blomkalns, Andra L., additional, Brim, Hassan, additional, Castro, Mario, additional, Chan, James, additional, Charney, Alexander W., additional, Chen, Benjamin K., additional, Chen, Li Qing, additional, Chen, Peter, additional, Chestek, David, additional, Chibnik, Lori B., additional, Chow, Dominic C., additional, Chu, Helen Y., additional, Clifton, Rebecca G., additional, Collins, Shelby, additional, Costantine, Maged M., additional, Cribbs, Sushma K., additional, Deeks, Steven G., additional, Dickinson, John D., additional, Donohue, Sarah E., additional, Durstenfeld, Matthew S., additional, Emery, Ivette F., additional, Erlandson, Kristine M., additional, Facelli, Julio C., additional, Farah-Abraham, Rachael, additional, Finn, Aloke V., additional, Fischer, Melinda S., additional, Flaherman, Valerie J., additional, Fleurimont, Judes, additional, Fonseca, Vivian, additional, Gallagher, Emily J., additional, Gander, Jennifer C., additional, Gennaro, Maria Laura, additional, Gibson, Kelly S., additional, Go, Minjoung, additional, Goodman, Steven N., additional, Granger, Joey P., additional, Greenway, Frank L., additional, Hafner, John W., additional, Han, Jenny E., additional, Harkins, Michelle S., additional, Hauser, Kristine S. P., additional, Heath, James R., additional, Hernandez, Carla R., additional, Ho, On, additional, Hoffman, Matthew K., additional, Hoover, Susan E., additional, Horowitz, Carol R., additional, Hsu, Harvey, additional, Hsue, Priscilla Y., additional, Hughes, Brenna L., additional, Jagannathan, Prasanna, additional, James, Judith A., additional, John, Janice, additional, Jolley, Sarah, additional, Judd, S. E., additional, Juskowich, Joy J., additional, Kanjilal, Diane G., additional, Karlson, Elizabeth W., additional, Katz, Stuart D., additional, Kelly, J. Daniel, additional, Kelly, Sara W., additional, Kim, Arthur Y., additional, Kirwan, John P., additional, Knox, Kenneth S., additional, Kumar, Andre, additional, Lamendola-Essel, Michelle F., additional, Lanca, Margaret, additional, Lee-lannotti, Joyce K., additional, Lefebvre, R. Craig, additional, Levy, Bruce D., additional, Lin, Janet Y., additional, Logarbo, Brian P., additional, Logue, Jennifer K., additional, Longo, Michele T., additional, Luciano, Carlos A., additional, Lutrick, Karen, additional, Malakooti, Shahdi K., additional, Mallett, Gail, additional, Maranga, Gabrielle, additional, Marathe, Jai G., additional, Marconi, Vincent C., additional, Marshall, Gailen D., additional, Martin, Christopher F., additional, Martin, Jeffrey N., additional, May, Heidi T., additional, McComsey, Grace A., additional, McDonald, Dylan, additional, Mendez-Figueroa, Hector, additional, Miele, Lucio, additional, Mittleman, Murray A., additional, Mohandas, Sindhu, additional, Mouchati, Christian, additional, Mullington, Janet M., additional, Nadkarni, Girish N., additional, Nahin, Erica R., additional, Neuman, Robert B., additional, Newman, Lisa T., additional, Nguyen, Amber, additional, Nikolich, Janko Z., additional, Ofotokun, Igho, additional, Ogbogu, Princess U., additional, Palatnik, Anna, additional, Palomares, Kristy T. S., additional, Parimon, Tanyalak, additional, Parry, Samuel, additional, Parthasarathy, Sairam, additional, Patterson, Thomas F., additional, Pearman, Ann, additional, Peluso, Michael J., additional, Pemu, Priscilla, additional, Pettker, Christian M., additional, Plunkett, Beth A., additional, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional, Poppas, Athena, additional, Porterfield, J. Zachary, additional, Quigley, John G., additional, Quinn, Davin K., additional, Raissy, Hengameh, additional, Rebello, Candida J., additional, Reddy, Uma M., additional, Reece, Rebecca, additional, Reeder, Harrison T., additional, Rischard, Franz P., additional, Rosas, Johana M., additional, Rosen, Clifford J., additional, Rouphael, Nadine G., additional, Rouse, Dwight J., additional, Ruff, Adam M., additional, Saint Jean, Christina, additional, Sandoval, Grecio J., additional, Santana, Jorge L., additional, Schlater, Shannon M., additional, Sciurba, Frank C., additional, Selvaggi, Caitlin, additional, Seshadri, Sudha, additional, Sesso, Howard D., additional, Shah, Dimpy P., additional, Shemesh, Eyal, additional, Sherif, Zaki A., additional, Shinnick, Daniel J., additional, Simhan, Hyagriv N., additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Sowles, Amber, additional, Subbian, Vignesh, additional, Sun, Jun, additional, Suthar, Mehul S., additional, Teunis, Larissa J., additional, Thorp, John M., additional, Ticotsky, Amberly, additional, Tita, Alan T. N., additional, Tragus, Robin, additional, Tuttle, Katherine R., additional, Urdaneta, Alfredo E., additional, Utz, P. J., additional, VanWagoner, Timothy M., additional, Vasey, Andrew, additional, Vernon, Suzanne D., additional, Vidal, Crystal, additional, Walker, Tiffany, additional, Ward, Honorine D., additional, Warren, David E., additional, Weeks, Ryan M., additional, Weiner, Steven J., additional, Weyer, Jordan C., additional, Wheeler, Jennifer L., additional, Whiteheart, Sidney W., additional, Wiley, Zanthia, additional, Williams, Natasha J., additional, Wisnivesky, Juan P., additional, Wood, John C., additional, Yee, Lynn M., additional, Young, Natalie M., additional, Zisis, Sokratis N., additional, and Foulkes, Andrea S., additional

Published
2023
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17. Staying Active in a Pandemic: The Relationships Between Physical Activity and Mitigation Policies and Behaviors, and COVID-19 Severity

Author

Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Garcia, David O., Dennis, Leslie K., Catalfamo, Collin James, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Garcia, David O., Dennis, Leslie K., and Catalfamo, Collin James

Abstract

Background: Despite the health benefits associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), physical inactivity continues to be a significant public health problem in the United States. Physical inactivity contributes to the development and exacerbation of many chronic health conditions increasing morbidity and mortality. Personal, social, and environmental factors are associated with increasing the frequency at which individuals perform physical activities. Access to facilities, equipment, and spaces is essential. The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant barriers to this access. To limit the spread of the infection throughout communities, state and local governments enacted policies to restrict individuals access to non-essential businesses and congregations, including recreational facilities. Meanwhile, past literature has indicated that MVPA may act as a mediator of acute respiratory infection severity. As the infection continues to persist in communities, regular engagement in MVPA could act as an additional measure to reducing the severity of the illness alongside the current pharmaceutical interventions. The overall aim of the research of this dissertation is to examine the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on MVPA engagement, and the potential protective effect of MVPA on COVID-19 illness severity among participants of the Arizona CoVHORT, a prospective cohort of Arizona residents. Aims Aim 1. Examine changes from pre-pandemic moderate-to vigorous intensity physical activity among CoVHORT participants during the pandemic and after pandemic-associated restrictions on non-essential businesses were lifted in Arizona. Aim 2. Identify barriers and facilitators to engaging in physical activity during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Arizona. Aim 3. Determine the contribution of level of pre-infection MVPA to acute-COVID-19 illness severity. Methods: Aim 1. We examined how average weekly MVPA changed from prior the pandemic

Published
2023

18. Development and Implementation of a Predictive Model of Documentation Status to Examine Factors Related to Health Outcomes for Undocumented Immigrants

Author

Carvajal, Scott, Garcia, David, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Sun, Xiaoxiao, Rivers, Patrick Sullivan, Carvajal, Scott, Garcia, David, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Sun, Xiaoxiao, and Rivers, Patrick Sullivan

Abstract

Background: The United States (US) is home to more than 8.6 million undocumented Hispanic immigrants. These individuals face significant barriers to accessing health services and are a subpopulation on whom relatively little research has been done. Undocumented Hispanics are faced with unique vulnerabilities, and research on them should be done thoughtfully and with care. One proposed method of investigating health outcomes for this subpopulation, and the factors that influence these outcomes, is utilizing predictive modeling for documentation status. Objectives: This dissertation is composed of three studies that aim to: 1) Synthesize the literature to assess health outcomes of undocumented immigrants with at least one chronic condition; 2) Create and internally validate a predictive model of documentation status utilizing two data sets by comparing demographic and health characteristics of individuals alongside their known documentation status; and 3) Utilize the predictive model on a prospective cohort of essential workers – in which documentation status is unknown – to examine healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections by predicted undocumented status. Methods: Aim one is explored through a scoping review of the literature related to chronic disease outcomes for undocumented Hispanic immigrants compared to documented immigrants or US-born citizens, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A systematic search was conducted on October 10, 2019 in five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL), with supplementary searches up to June 24, 2023. Studies were examined by two reviewers, and those found to be quantitative studies conducted in the US, comparing health outcomes for undocumented Hispanic immigrants aged 18+ compared to either or both documented Hispanic immigrants or US-born citizens were included. Aim two is examined by the devel

Published
2023

19. Psychological Distress and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Jacobs, Elizabeth, Khan, Sana, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Jacobs, Elizabeth, and Khan, Sana

Abstract

The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has disrupted every aspect of society, resulted in an unprecedented amount of disease and death, and has fundamentally changed society through economic, social, and public health changes. This dissertation characterized a small portion of the physical and mental health consequences associated with psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first specific aim of this dissertation found that women with increased domestic responsibilities due to the pandemic were 4.0 (aOR: 4.0, 95% CI: 2.5 – 6.4) times more likely to report high stress and 4.2 (aOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.2-7.9) times more likely to report severe anxiety than those who did not. Additionally, women who left the workforce due to the pandemic had 3.6 times the odds (aOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.8-7.2) of reporting high stress than those who remained employed. The second aim of this dissertation focused on exploring the emotional benefit of vaccination against COVID-19. After assessing worry at various timepoints during the pandemic, we found there was a greater reduction in worry among vaccinated participants as compared to unvaccinated participants, after vaccine availability in early 2021 and at each subsequent timepoint, suggesting there is an emotional benefit to vaccination. The last aim of this dissertation assessed perceived stress as a risk factor in the development of post-acute sequalae of COVID-19. Participants with moderate or high perceived stress were 2.1 (aOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.2) and 2.2 (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5-3.3) times more likely to develop PASC. However, this association was only statistically significant among participants who were unvaccinated at the time of acute infection. In conclusion, this dissertation identifies how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted psychological distress in the U.S. and its consequences on physical and mental health.

Published
2023

20. Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

Author

Barraza, Leila, Barraza, Leila, Austhof, Erika, Khan, Sana M., Kelley, Connor P., Shilen, Alexandra, Ernst, Kacey, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Cordova-Marks, Felina M., Jacobs, Elizabeth, Hall-Lipsy, Elizabeth, Barraza, Leila, Barraza, Leila, Austhof, Erika, Khan, Sana M., Kelley, Connor P., Shilen, Alexandra, Ernst, Kacey, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Cordova-Marks, Felina M., Jacobs, Elizabeth, and Hall-Lipsy, Elizabeth

Published
2023

22. Consequences of COVID-19 on adolescents in Arizona: A longitudinal study protocol

Author

Leybas Nuño, Velia, primary, Mantina, Namoonga M., additional, Dawodu, Oriyomi, additional, Dykinga, Maureen, additional, Carr, Dametreea L., additional, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional, Cordova-Marks, Felina, additional, Jehn, Megan, additional, Peace-Tuskey, Kimberly, additional, Barraza, Leila, additional, and Garcia-Filion, Pamela, additional

Published
2022
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23. Complications Associated with Foodborne Listeriosis: A Scoping Review

Author

Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, primary, Boyd, Kylie, additional, Schaefer, Kenzie, additional, Austhof, Erika, additional, Armstrong, Alexandra, additional, Owusu-Dommey, Ama, additional, Villa-Zapata, Lorenzo, additional, Arora, Mona, additional, McClelland, Jean D., additional, and Hoffman, Sandra, additional

Published
2022
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26. Genome-Wide Association Study of Metachronous Colorectal Adenoma Risk among Participants in the Selenium Trial

Author

Trejo, Mario Jesus, primary, Batai, Ken, additional, Chen, Yuliang, additional, Brezina, Stefanie, additional, Chow, H-H Sherry, additional, Ellis, Nathan, additional, Lance, Peter, additional, Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh, additional, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional, Bishop, Maria, additional, Gsur, Andrea, additional, and Jacobs, Elizabeth T., additional

Published
2022
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32. COVID-19 Infection, the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Changes in Sleep

Author

Donzella, Sidney M., primary, Kohler, Lindsay N., additional, Crane, Tracy E., additional, Jacobs, Elizabeth T., additional, Ernst, Kacey C., additional, Bell, Melanie L., additional, Catalfamo, Collin J., additional, Begay, Rachelle, additional, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional, and Farland, Leslie V., additional

Published
2022
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33. Elucidating symptoms of COVID-19 illness in the Arizona CoVHORT: a longitudinal cohort study

Author

Khan, Sana M, primary, Farland, Leslie V, additional, Catalfamo, Collin J, additional, Austhof, Erika, additional, Bell, Melanie L, additional, Chen, Zhao, additional, Cordova-Marks, Felina, additional, Ernst, Kacey C, additional, Garcia-Filion, Pamela, additional, Heslin, Kelly M, additional, Hoskinson, Joshua, additional, Jehn, Megan L, additional, Joseph, Emily C S, additional, Kelley, Connor P, additional, Klimentidis, Yann, additional, Russo Carroll, Stephanie, additional, Kohler, Lindsay N, additional, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional, and Jacobs, Elizabeth T, additional

Published
2022
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35. Genome-Wide Association Study of Metachronous Colorectal Adenoma Risk among Participants in the Selenium Trial.

Author

Trejo, Mario Jesus, Batai, Ken, Chen, Yuliang, Brezina, Stefanie, Chow, H-H Sherry, Ellis, Nathan, Lance, Peter, Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Bishop, Maria, Gsur, Andrea, and Jacobs, Elizabeth T.

Subjects
GENETICS, CLINICAL trials, ADENOMA, CYTOSKELETAL proteins, COLORECTAL cancer, CELLULAR signal transduction, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, GENES, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Genetic variants related to colorectal adenoma may help identify those who are at highest risk of colorectal cancer development or illuminate potential chemopreventive strategies. The purpose of this genome-wide association study was to identify genetic variants that are associated with risk of developing a metachronous colorectal adenoma among 1,215 study participants of European descent from the Selenium Trial. Associations of variants were assessed with logistic regression analyses and validated in an independent case-control study population of 1,491 participants from the Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria (CORSA). No statistically significant genome-wide associations between any variant and metachronous adenoma were identified after correction for multiple comparisons. However, an intron variant of FAT3 gene, rs61901554, showed a suggestive association (P = 1.10 × 10−6) and was associated with advanced adenomas in CORSA (P = 0.04). Two intronic variants, rs12728998 and rs6699944 in NLRP3 were also observed to have suggestive associations with metachronous lesions (P = 2.00 × 10−6) in the Selenium Trial and were associated with advanced adenoma in CORSA (P = 0.03). Our results provide new areas of investigation for the genetic basis of the development of metachronous colorectal adenoma and support a role for FAT3 involvement in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway leading to colorectal neoplasia. Trial Registration number: NCT00078897 (ClinicalTrials.gov). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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36. DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL AND GOVERNMENT LEVEL COVID-19 PREVENTION MEASURES BASED ON VACCINE WILLINGNESS.

Author

BARRAZA, LEILA, AUSTHOF, ERIKA, KHAN, SANA M., KELLEY, CONNOR P., SHILEN, ALEXANDRA, ERNST, KACEY, POGREBA-BROWN, KRISTEN, CORDOVA-MARKS, FELINA M., JACOBS, ELIZABETH, and HALL-LIPSY, ELIZABETH

Subjects
CORONAVIRUS diseases, PREVENTION of communicable diseases, EMERGENCY management, VACCINATION policies, VACCINE refusal
Abstract

Given the patchwork of federal and state COVID-19 responses and the politicization of vaccination in the United States, investigating whether individuals support governmental or individual mitigation approaches can influence and inform future legal and policy approaches to infectious diseases. To measure how beliefs about government and individual pandemic response efforts differ by vaccine willingness, participants from the prospective Arizona CoVHORT study completed an online questionnaire from March 2, 2021-July 1, 2022. Participants who were vaccinated or who answered 'Large Chance,' 'Very Large Chance,' or 'Almost Certain' when asked, "When it is available to you, what are the chances you will get a COVID-19 vaccination?" were categorized as 'vaccine-willing' while those who were unvaccinated or reported one of the remaining answers were categorized as 'vaccine-hesitant.' By July 1, 2022, 1,359 CoVHORT participants had completed both the survey for policy and vaccine questions. Participants categorized as vaccine-willing (n=1,284) more often supported government action and reported engaging in more individual behaviours compared to vaccine-hesitant (n=75) participants. Compared to vaccine-hesitant participants, vaccine-willing participants more frequently agreed with: implementing stay at home orders for non-essential workers; closing schools, stores, places of worship, and other public places; avoiding places where people gather; maintaining an appropriate distance when in public; and wearing a mask to protect others. Two government interventions proved popular among both groups: government provision of vaccines (74.7% and 97.9%) and paid leave policies for individuals with COVID-19 or for those caring for a sick family member (72.0% and 82.7%). Paid leave and government provision of vaccines proved popular with participants in this cohort. Further public opinions should be examined to inform future policymaking related to infectious disease mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

37. Scoping Review of Toxoplasma Postinfectious Sequelae

Author

Austhof, Erika, primary, Boyd, Kylie, additional, Schaefer, Kenzie, additional, McFadden, Caitlyn, additional, Owusu-Dommey, Ama, additional, Hoffman, Sandra, additional, Villa-Zapata, Lorenzo, additional, McClelland, Deborah Jean, additional, and Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional

Published
2021
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38. Enteric Pathogens and Reactive Arthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Pathogen-Associated Reactive Arthritis

Author

Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, primary, Austhof, Erika, additional, Tang, Xin, additional, Trejo, Mario J, additional, Owusu-Dommey, Ama, additional, Boyd, Kylie, additional, Armstrong, Alexandra, additional, Schaefer, Kenzie, additional, Bazaco, Michael C., additional, Batz, Michael, additional, Riddle, Mark, additional, and Porter, Chad, additional

Published
2021
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40. Genetic Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Cancers

Author

Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Bishop, Maria C., Klimentidis, Yann, Trejo, Mario Jesus, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, Bishop, Maria C., Klimentidis, Yann, and Trejo, Mario Jesus

Abstract

Background:Gastrointestinal cancers are comprised of a multitude of malignancies and the burden of the various sites vary greatly in incidence and mortality. Colorectal and liver cancers account for 10% and 4.7% of all incident cancer cases worldwide and rank 2nd and 3rd in terms of mortality, respectively. Precursors that can lead to colorectal cancer (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include colorectal adenomas and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), respectively. Various studies have examined associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and colorectal adenomas through candidate SNP studies, but few have conducted genome-wide association studies. Many investigations have also examined genetic factors associated with NAFLD, and the various factors which comprise its diagnosis, but these studies have mainly been conducted in populations of European descent. The objectives of this dissertation were to identify genetic variants associated with colorectal adenomas, and to further examine whether the identified variants modified the relationship between selenium supplementation and adenoma development in the Selenium Trial. We also examined whether SNPs previously found to be associated with NAFLD were also associated with hepatic steatosis in a participant population of Mexican origin. Methods: To identify genetic variants associated with metachronous colorectal adenoma development we employed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. 13 Participants for this GWAS were from the Selenium Trial, a phase III, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial designed to determine whether selenium supplementation could help prevent metachronous adenoma. All participants in the Selenium Trial were between the ages of 40 and 80 years and had at least one adenoma removed within the six months prior to study registration and had no history of hereditary syndromes which would confer increased risk to colorectal cancer. Logistic regression analy

Published
2021

42. A Nonparametric Multiple Imputation Approach for Survival Data Subject to Informative Censoring

Author

Roe, Densie, Hu, Chencheng, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, O'Connor, Patrick Anthony, Roe, Densie, Hu, Chencheng, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, and O'Connor, Patrick Anthony

Abstract

Most existing survival analysis methods work under the assumption that censoring times are independent of failure times. When censoring is informative of failure times, those methods will produce biased survival estimates. We have developed a nonparametric multiple imputation approach that uses the estimated correlation between failure and censoring times to impute missing failure times for every censored observation. A sensitivity analysis shows the efficacy of the imputation approach by comparing survival estimates of the imputed data sets to estimates from data where all failure times are known. Dependence between the failure and censoring data is then induced using a shared frailty model. Parametric assumptions of failure and censoring times are applied allowing for the dependence parameter to be estimated using the EM algorithm. The dependence parameter is used to create an imputing risk set for each censored observation. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve is then fit to the imputing risk set to impute a failure time from this set for the censored observation. Traditional Kaplan-Meier estimation is performed on the imputed data sets to estimate survival. The method is then extended using a Cox proportional hazards model to include auxiliary variables in the dependence parameter estimation. Simulations along with results using the ACTG-175 clinic trial HIV data set are presented for each approach.

Published
2020

44. Symptoms of COVID-19 in a population-based cohort study

Author

Khan, Sana M., primary, Farland, Leslie V., additional, Austhof, Erika, additional, Bell, Melanie L., additional, Catalfamo, Collin J., additional, Chen, Zhao, additional, Cordova-Marks, Felina, additional, Ernst, Kacey C., additional, Garcia-Filion, Pamela, additional, Heslin, Kelly M., additional, Hoskinson, Joshua, additional, Jehn, Megan L, additional, Joseph, Emily C.S., additional, Kelley, Connor P., additional, Klimentidis, Yann, additional, Carroll, Stephanie Russo, additional, Kohler, Lindsay N., additional, Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional, and Jacobs, Elizabeth T., additional

Published
2021
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45. Design of the Arizona CoVHORT: A Population-Based COVID-19 Cohort

Author

Catalfamo, Collin J., primary, Heslin, Kelly M., additional, Shilen, Alexandra, additional, Khan, Sana M., additional, Hunsaker, Josh R., additional, Austhof, Erika, additional, Barraza, Leila, additional, Cordova-Marks, Felina M., additional, Farland, Leslie V., additional, Garcia-Filion, Pamela, additional, Hoskinson, Joshua, additional, Jehn, Megan, additional, Kohler, Lindsay N., additional, Lutrick, Karen, additional, Harris, Robin B., additional, Chen, Zhao, additional, Klimentidis, Yann C., additional, Bell, Melanie L., additional, Ernst, Kacey C., additional, Jacobs, Elizabeth T., additional, and Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, additional

Published
2021
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47. Knowledge of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus Among Women Who Are Pregnant or Intend to Become Pregnant, Arizona, 2017.

Author

Anderson, Elizabeth J., Ernst, Kacey, Garcia, David O., Lopez, Elise, Pogreba Brown, Kristen, Austhof, Erika, Carr McCuin, Dametreea, Hayden, Mary H., and Koss, Mary P.

Subjects
CONFIDENCE intervals, MULTIPLE regression analysis, CHILDBEARING age, REGRESSION analysis, SEXUALLY transmitted diseases, HEALTH literacy, SURVEYS, COMPARATIVE studies, HEALTH, INFORMATION resources, ZIKA virus infections, ODDS ratio, WOMEN'S health, POISSON distribution, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, PREGNANCY
Abstract

Objectives: Levels of knowledge about the sexual transmission of Zika virus are consistently low in populations at risk of a mosquito-borne outbreak, including among women of childbearing age and women who are pregnant or intend to become pregnant. We investigated the effectiveness of sources of public health messaging about sexual transmission to women who are pregnant or intend to become pregnant in Arizona. Methods: In 2017, we conducted an Arizona-statewide survey 15 months after the initial release of US guidelines on sexual transmission of Zika virus. We used Poisson regression, adjusting for demographic factors, to estimate the likelihood among women who were pregnant or intended to become pregnant of knowing that Zika virus is sexually transmitted relative to other women of childbearing age. We used multinomial logistic regression models to explore associations with most used health information sources, either in person (eg, medical providers) or online (eg, Facebook), categorized by extent of dependability. Results: Women who were pregnant or intended to become pregnant had similarly poor knowledge of the sexual transmission of Zika virus as compared with other women of childbearing age (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.14 [95% CI, 0.83-1.55]). Only about one-third of all respondents reported knowledge of sexual transmission. Reliance on high- vs low-dependability information sources, whether in person or online, did not predict the extent of Zika virus knowledge among women who were pregnant or intended to become pregnant. Conclusion: As late as the second year of local Zika virus transmission in the United States, in 2017, women in Arizona were not receiving sufficient information about sexual transmission, even though it was available. To prepare for possible future outbreaks, research should explore which aspects of Zika information campaigns were ineffective or inefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. Wastewater-based Epidemiology for Averting COVID-19 Outbreaks on The University of Arizona Campus

Author

Betancourt, Walter W., primary, Schmitz, Bradley W., additional, Innes, Gabriel K., additional, Pogreba Brown, Kristen M., additional, Prasek, Sarah M., additional, Stark, Erika R., additional, Foster, Aidan R., additional, Sprissler, Ryan S., additional, Harris, David T., additional, Sherchan, Samendra P., additional, Gerba, Charles P., additional, and Pepper, Ian L., additional

Published
2020
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50. Chronic Gastrointestinal and Joint-Related Sequelae Associated with Common Foodborne Illnesses: A Scoping Review

Author

Pogreba-Brown, Kristen, primary, Austhof, Erika, additional, Armstrong, Alexandra, additional, Schaefer, Kenzie, additional, Villa Zapata, Lorenzo, additional, McClelland, D. Jean, additional, Batz, Michael B., additional, Kuecken, Maria, additional, Riddle, Mark, additional, Porter, Chad K., additional, and Bazaco, Michael C., additional

Published
2020
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