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We prove a quantitative version of a Gidas-Ni-Nirenberg-type symmetry result involving the $p$-Laplacian. Quantitative stability is achieved here via integral identities based on the proof of rigidity established by J. Serra in 2013, which extended to general dimension and the $p$-Laplacian operator an argument proposed by P. L. Lions in dimension $2$ for the classical Laplacian. Stability results for the classical Gidas-Ni-Nirenberg symmetry theorem (involving the classical Laplacian) via the method of moving planes were established by Rosset in 1994 and by Ciraolo, Cozzi, Perugini, Pollastro in 2024. To the authors' knowledge, the present paper provides the first quantitative Gidas-Ni-Nirenberg-type result involving the $p$-Laplacian for $p \neq 2$. Even for the classical Laplacian (i.e., for $p=2$), this is the first time that integral identities are used to achieve stability for a Gidas-Ni-Nirenberg-type result. In passing, we obtain a quantitative estimate for the measure of the singular set and an explicit uniform gradient bound.

The quantitative analysis of bubbling phenomena for almost constant mean curvature boundaries is an important question having significant applications in various fields including capillarity theory and the study of mean curvature flows. Such a quantitative analysis was initiated in [G. Ciraolo and F. Maggi, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. (2017)], where the first quantitative result of proximity to a set of disjoint balls of equal radii was obtained in terms of a uniform deviation of the mean curvature from being constant. Weakening the measure of the deviation in such a result is a delicate issue that is crucial in view of the applications for mean curvature flows. Some progress in this direction was recently made in [V. Julin and J. Niinikoski, Anal. PDE (2023)], where $L^{N-1}$-deviations are considered for domains in $\mathbb{R}^N$. In the present paper we significantly weaken the measure of the deviation, obtaining a quantitative result of proximity to a set of disjoint balls of equal radii for the following deviation $$ \int_{\partial \Omega } \left( H_0 - H \right)^+ dS_x, \quad \text{ where } \begin{cases} H \text{ is the mean curvature of } \partial \Omega , \\ H_0:=\frac{| \partial \Omega |}{N | \Omega |} , \\ \left( H_0 - H \right)^+:=\max\left\lbrace H_0 - H , 0 \right\rbrace , \end{cases} $$ which is clearly even weaker than $\Vert H_0-H \Vert_{L^1( \partial \Omega )}$., Comment: Formulas (3.40), (3.41), and other typos have been corrected. Acknowledgements and references have been updated

We prove a new general differential identity and an associated integral identity, which entails a pair of solutions of the Poisson equation with constant source term. This generalizes a formula that the first and third authors previously proved and used to obtain quantitative estimates of spherical symmetry for the Serrin overdetermined boundary value problem. As an application, we prove a quantitative symmetry result for the reverse Serrin problem, which we introduce for the first time in this paper. In passing, we obtain a rigidity result for solutions of the aforementioned Poisson equation subject to a constant Neumann condition.

We provide a full characterization of multi-phase problems under a large class of overdetermined Serrin-type conditions. Our analysis includes both symmetry and asymmetry (including bifurcation) results. A broad range of techniques is needed to obtain a full characterization of all the cases, including applications of results obtained via the moving planes method, approaches via integral identities in the wake of Weinberger, applications of the Crandall-Rabinowitz theorem, and the Chauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem. The multi-phase setting entails intrinsic difficulties that make it difficult to predict whether a given overdetermination will lead to symmetry or asymmetry results; the results of our analysis are significant as they answer such a question providing a full characterization of both symmetry and asymmetry results., Comment: 39 pages, 2 figures

We establish quantitative stability for the nonlocal Serrin overdetermined problem, via the method of the moving planes. Interestingly, our stability estimate is even better than those obtained so far in the classical setting (i.e., for the classical Laplacian) via the method of the moving planes. A crucial ingredient is the construction of a new antisymmetric barrier, which allows a unified treatment of the moving planes method. This strategy allows us to establish a new general quantitative nonlocal maximum principle for antisymmetric functions, leading to new quantitative nonlocal versions of both the Hopf lemma and the Serrin corner point lemma. All these tools -- i.e., the new antisymmetric barrier, the general quantitative nonlocal maximum principle, and the quantitative nonlocal versions of both the Hopf lemma and the Serrin corner point lemma -- are of independent interest.

We consider a Serrin-type problem in convex cones in the Euclidean space and motivated by recent rigidity results we study the quantitative stability issue for this problem. In particular, we prove both sharp Lipschitz estimates for an $L^2-$pseudodistance and estimates in terms of the Hausdorff distance., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2211.09429

In this article, we analyze the stability of the parallel surface problem for semilinear equations driven by the fractional Laplacian. We prove a quantitative stability result that goes beyond that previously obtained in [Cir+23]. Moreover, we discuss in detail several techniques and challenges in obtaining the optimal exponent in this stability result. In particular, this includes an upper bound on the exponent via an explicit computation involving a family of ellipsoids. We also sharply investigate a technique that was proposed in [Cir+18] to obtain the optimal stability exponent in the quantitative estimate for the nonlocal Alexandrov's soap bubble theorem, obtaining accurate estimates to be compared with a new, explicit example.

We start providing a quantitative stability theorem for the rigidity of an overdetermined problem involving harmonic functions in a punctured domain. Our approach is inspired by and based on the proof of rigidity established by Enciso and Peralta-Salas, and reveals essential differences with respect to the stability results obtained in the literature for the classical overdetermined Serrin problem. Secondly, we provide new weighted Poincar\'e-type inequalities for vector fields. These are crucial tools for the study of the quantitative stability issue initiated by the author concerning a class of rigidity results involving mixed boundary value problems. Finally, we provide a mean value-type property and an associated weighted Poincar\'e-type inequality for harmonic functions in cones. A duality relation between this new mean value property and a partially overdetermined boundary value problem is discussed, providing an extension of a classical result due to Payne and Schaefer.

We consider a class of rigidity results in a convex cone $\Sigma \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N$. These include overdetermined Serrin-type problems for a mixed boundary value problem relative to $\Sigma$, Alexandrov's soap bubble-type results relative to $\Sigma$, and a Heintze-Karcher's inequality relative to $\Sigma$. Each rigidity result is obtained by means of a single integral identity and holds true under weak integral conditions. Optimal quantitative stability estimates are obtained in terms of an $L^2$-pseudodistance. In particular, the optimal stability estimate for Heintze-Karcher's inequality is new even in the classical case $\Sigma = \mathbb{R}^N$. Stability bounds in terms of the Hausdorff distance are also provided. Several new results are established and exploited, including a new Poincar\'e-type inequality for vector fields whose normal components vanish on a portion of the boundary and an explicit (possibly weighted) trace theory -- relative to the cone $\Sigma$ -- for harmonic functions satisfying a homogeneous Neumann condition on the portion of the boundary contained in $\partial \Sigma$. We also introduce new notions of uniform interior and exterior sphere conditions relative to the cone $\Sigma \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N$, which allow to obtain (via barrier arguments) uniform lower and upper bounds for the gradient in the mixed boundary value-setting. In the particular case $\Sigma = \mathbb{R}^N$, these conditions return the classical uniform interior and exterior sphere conditions (together with the associated classical gradient bounds of the Dirichlet setting).

We consider a mixed boundary value problem in a domain $\Omega$ contained in a half-ball $B_+$ and having a portion $\bar{T}$ of its boundary in common with the curved part of $\partial B_+$. The problem has to do with some sort of constrained torsional rigidity. In this situation, the relevant solution $u$ satisfies a Steklov condition on $T$ and a homogeneous Dirichlet condition on $\Sigma = \partial\Omega \setminus \bar{T} \subset B_+$. We provide an integral identity that relates (a symmetric function of) the second derivatives of the solution in $\Omega$ to its normal derivative $u_\nu$ on $\Sigma$. A first significant consequence of this identity is a rigidity result under a quite weak overdetermining integral condition for $u_\nu$ on $\Sigma$: in fact, it turns out that $\Sigma$ must be a spherical cap that meets $T$ orthogonally. This result returns the one obtained by J. Guo and C. Xia under the stronger pointwise condition that the values of $u_\nu$ be constant on $\Sigma$. A second important consequence is a set of stability bounds, which quantitatively measure how $\Sigma$ is far uniformly from being a spherical cap, if $u_\nu$ deviates from a constant in the norm $L^1(\Sigma)$., Comment: The article has been accepted for publication in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. This amended version includes various improvements and incorporates the referee's suggestions

We prove a Hopf-type lemma for antisymmetric super-solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the fractional Laplacian with zero-th order terms. As an application, we use such a Hopf-type lemma in combination with the method of moving planes to prove symmetry for the semilinear fractional parallel surface problem. That is, we prove that non-negative solutions to semilinear Dirichlet problems for the fractional Laplacian in a bounded open set $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n$ must be radially symmetric if one of their level surfaces is parallel to the boundary of $\Omega$; in turn, $\Omega$ must be a ball. Furthermore, we discuss maximum principles and the Harnack inequality for antisymmetric functions in the fractional setting and provide counter-examples to these theorems when only `local' assumptions are imposed on the solutions.

We study symmetry and quantitative approximate symmetry for an overdetermined problem involving the fractional torsion problem in a bounded domain $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n$. More precisely, we prove that if the fractional torsion function has a $C^1$ level surface which is parallel to the boundary $\partial \Omega$ then the domain is a ball. If instead we assume that the solution is close to a constant on a parallel surface to the boundary, then we quantitatively prove that $\Omega$ is close to a ball. Our results use techniques which are peculiar to the nonlocal case as, for instance, quantitative versions of fractional Hopf boundary point lemma and boundary Harnack estimates for antisymmetric functions. We also provide an application to the study of rural-urban fringes in population settlements.

We prove interpolating estimates providing a bound for the oscillation of a function in terms of two $L^p$ norms of its gradient. They are based on a pointwise bound of a function on cones in terms of the Riesz potential of its gradient. The estimates hold for a general class of domains, including, e.g., Lipschitz domains. All the constants involved can be explicitly computed. As an application, we show how to use these estimates to obtain stability for Alexandrov's Soap Bubble Theorem and Serrin's overdetermined boundary value problem. The new approach results in several novelties and benefits for these problems.

In this paper, we deal with an overdetermined problem of Serrin-type with respect to a two-phase elliptic operator in divergence form with piecewise constant coefficients. In particular, we consider the case where the two-phase overdetermined problem is close to the one-phase setting. First, we show quantitative stability estimates for the two-phase problem via a one-phase stability result. Furthermore, we prove non-existence for the corresponding inner problem by the aforementioned two-phase stability result., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures

We prove radial symmetry for bounded nonnegative solutions of a weighted anisotropic problem. Given the anisotropic setting that we deal with, the term "radial" is understood in the Finsler framework. In the whole space, J. Serra obtained the symmetry result in the isotropic unweighted setting. In this case we provide the extension of his result to the anisotropic setting. This provides a generalization to the anisotropic setting of a celebrated result due to Gidas-Ni-Nirenberg and such a generalization is new even for in the case of linear operators whenever the dimension is greater than 2. In proper cones, the results presented are new even in the isotropic and unweighted setting for suitable nonlinear cases. Even for the previously known case of unweighted isotropic setting, the present paper provides an approach to the problem by exploiting integral (in)equalities which is new for $N>2$: this complements the corresponding symmetry result obtained via the moving planes method by Berestycki-Pacella.

We consider a Frenkel-Kontorova system of harmonic oscillators in a two-dimensional Euclidean lattice and we obtain a quantitative estimate on the angular function of the equilibria. The proof relies on a PDE method related to a classical conjecture by E. De Giorgi, also in view of an elegant technique based on complex variables that was introduced by A. Farina. In the discrete setting, a careful analysis of the reminders is needed to exploit this type of methodologies inspired by continuum models.