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Since foot posture is one of the main predictors of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries, it is crucial to use appropriate tools to define the foot’s posture. The Foot Posture Index is, therefore, a reliable method to measure foot posture and is widely known and used in clinics and research. This study aimed to translate the Foot Posture Index 6 (FPI6) into Italian and to assess its psychometric properties. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were obtained using a popular guideline. Two examinators assessed 68 subjects, and data were collected to test intra/inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and cross-cultural validity. The Italian version of FPI6 showed excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC 0.96 and 0.97), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.9, thus showing excellent internal consistency. The FPI-6 version has proved to be reliable in terms of inter- and intra-rater reliability and can, therefore, be used in clinical practice and scientific research.

Diabetes mellituslu hastalarda yapılacak olan ayaklara yönelik muayene ülserleşme riskini ve ülserlere bağlı oluşabilecek ampütasyon durumunu engellemektedir. Muayene ayrıntılı ve kapsamlı bir değerlendirme içermektedir. Diyabetik hastaların rutin ayak muayene kontrollerine dikkat edilmelidir.Muayenede ayak değerlendirmeleri yapılarak ve risk faktörleri belirlenerek hasta ikinci kontrole çağırılmalıdır. Diabetes mellituslu hastalar için doktor kontrolü sonrası yapılacak ayağa yönelik değerlendirmelerde podoloji polikliniği önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kimlik bilgileri, anamnezi, ayak muayenesi yapılarak belirtilmelidir. Ayağın cilt ekleri, vasküler yapıları ve muayene sonuçları, mini doppler ile arteryel yapıları, ayak-kol indeksi, monofilament testi ile ince sinir lifleri, diyapozon ile vibrasyon duyusu, biyotesiometre ile derin duyu değerlendirilmelidir. Ayağın risk kategorisi, koruyucu duyu kaybı, nöropatisi, periferik arter hastalığı, kas ve iskelet yapısındaki olumsuz faktörler belirtilmelidir. Devamında diyabetli bireye ayak bakımı eğitimi, podolojik işlemler, tırnak bozuklukları, tırnak mantarı ile hipertrofik tırnak tedavisi, dinamik ve statik baropodometri ile kişiye özel tabanlık yapılması, diyabetiklerde risklerin ortaya çıkışının engellenmesi ve erkenden ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik işlemler gelmektedir. Multidisipliner gerçekleştirilecek tanı, tedavi ve takip işlemlerinin eşgüdümle yapılması önemlidir. Sorunlara yönelik “Diyabetik Ayak Konseyi”nde alınan kararlar ve konsültasyonlar hızlı hareket planı ve yol haritası oluşturacaktır.Sonuçta diabetes mellitus komplikasyonları arasında “diyabetik ayak” çok yaygın ve maliyetlidir. Değerlendirmeler ve işlemler yapılarak ayaktaki riskler kontrol altına alınabilmektedir. Diyabetiklerde uzmanlaşmış ekiple diyabetik ayak eğitimi, bakımı, ayak basınç noktalarının belirlenmesi, ayakta yükü azaltmaya yönelik uygulamalar, tabanlık, cilt ve tırnak bakımı gerçekleştirilmesi önemli bir yaklaşımdır. Bu işlemler için podolojik özelleşmiş yaklaşımlar elzemdir., Examination for the feet in patients with diabetes mellitus prevents the risk of ulceration and amputation that may occur due to ulcers. The examination includes a detailed and comprehensive assessment. Attention should be paid to the routine foot examination controls of diabetic patients. The patient should be called for a second control after foot evaluations and risk factors are determined during the examination.For patients with diabetes mellitus, the podology outpatient clinic has an important place in the evaluation of the foot after the doctor’s control. Identity information, anamnesis, foot examination should be done. Skin appendages, vascular structures and examination results of the foot, arterial structures with mini-Doppler, foot-arm index, fine nerve fibers with monofilament test, vibration sense with tuning fork, deep sense with biotesiometry should be evaluated. The risk category of the foot, loss of protective sensation, neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, negative factors in the musculoskeletal structure should be specified. Afterwards, foot care training for individuals with diabetes, podological procedures, nail disorders, nail treatment, custom insoles with static and dynamic baropodometry foot analyzes, preventive and early elimination of negative factors in diabetics are followed. It is important that the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up processes to be carried out in a multidisciplinary manner are coordinated. Decisions and consultations taken at the “Diabetic Foot Council” for the problems will create a quick action plan and roadmap.As a result, among the complications of diabetes mellitus, “diabetic foot” is very common and costly. The risks on the foot can be taken under control by making evaluations and procedures. Diabetic foot training, care, determination of foot pressure points, practices to reduce the standing load, insoles, skin and nail care are an important approach with a team specialized in diabetics. Podological specialized approaches have an important place for these procedures

Background Partial or incomplete osteotomy (IO) of the phalanx is recently described in the literature. However, the clinical outcome and the rate of complications when applied to lesser toe deformities (LTD) have been never addressed. This study aims to find out if the association of tenotomies to incomplete or partial phalanx osteotomies has a significant impact on the clinical outcomes, the occurrence of complications, and the recovery time after surgery. Methods A retrospective review of two cohorts of cases operated in our institution for hallux abductus valgus (HAV) and associated LTD from 2008 to 2014 was carried out. The surgical correction of both HAV and the associated LTD was always performed by minimally invasive techniques. The study included a total of 223 patients (723 IO in 556 toes). In 129 cases, the IO for LTD correction was performed without tenotomies, and in 94, the procedure was combined with flexor and/or extensor tenotomies. Patients were assessed with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) questionnaire before surgery and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Results The mean preoperative AOFAS score before surgery was similar in both cohorts. At 12-month follow-up, the cohort without tenotomies showed better recovery (95.7 ± 2.8 versus 92.5 ± 6.8; p < 0.01). AOFAS scores decreased as the number of associated LTD increased (r = − 0.814; p < 0.001). Cases operated on by PO + tenotomy showed a high rate of complications such as delayed union of the osteotomy (p < 0.01), hypertrophic callus (p < 0.01), phalangeal fracture at the osteotomy site (p < 0.01), and lack of correction (p < 0.05). The overall occurrence of adverse events was 38.6% in cases operated by PO + tenotomy and 13.9% in cases receiving PO alone (p < 0.0001). Cases operated on without tenotomy showed a shorter time to complete recovery for daily life activities (37.4 ± 2.3 versus 43.0 ± 1.7 days; p < 0.01). Conclusion The performance of associated tenotomies to incomplete phalanx osteotomies provides worse clinical outcomes, higher complication rates, and longer recovery time as compared to similar forefoot surgeries without tenotomies. Trial registration The study was based on retrospectively registered data starting on May 24, 2008.

El Objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de trastornos pódales en bovinos doble propósito en el Departamento de Córdoba. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal utilizando 170 vacas mayores de tres años escogidas al azar en diferentes fincas del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, las cuales fueron evaluadas mediante la realización del examen clínico general y del sistema locomotor, con énfasis en la evaluación de las pezuñas, determinando la normalidad o anormalidad que presentaron estas y de acuerdo con la lesión encontrada se identifico dicho trastorno. La frecuencia de trastornos pódales en el Departamento de Córdoba fue del 64,70% del total de la muestra estudiada. El 30,59% de los animales estudiados presentaron alteración de la relación 2:1 muralla-talón y el 47,05% presentaron algún tipo de patología podal. Las patologías pódales encontradas fueron: Pezuña en tirabuzón (36,47%), Granuloma digital (17,06%), Pododermatitis séptica (4,71%) y Callo interdigital (2,35%). La incidencia de cojeras fue del 78,75% con respecto a los animales que presentaron patologías y de 37,05% con relación al total de la muestra. Además se encontró dependencia entre el tipo de terreno con relación al trastorno podal e independencia entre arreglos pódales y presencia de pediluvios con relación al trastorno podal.

RESUMO: Mãos e pés de cães são comumente afetados por lesões neoplásicas e não neoplásicas. Estas alterações podem apresentar prognóstico histopatológico ou clínico ruim e a amputação tende a ser o tratamento de escolha. Estudos prévios avaliando a prevalência e os aspectos clínicopatológicos de alterações digitais em cães têm sido realizados em outros países, entretanto trabalhos similares não foram realizados no Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever e caracterizar histologicamente as lesões das mãos e pés de cães. Amostras de 105 lesões tumoriformes das mãos e pés de cães foram avaliadas. Essas amostras foram coletadas entre 2003 e 2016 e foram obtidas de três laboratórios brasileiros de diagnóstico veterinário. Todos espécimes foram fixados em formol tamponado 10%, processados rotineiramente e corados por hematoxilina-eosina. Adicionalmente, as colorações de azul de toluidina, Brown e Breen, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Grocott Methenamine Silver (GMS) e Ziehl Neelsen foram utilizados em casos específicos. Imuno-histoquímica foi realizada usando os anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp., anti-CD117, anti-CD79, anti-CD3, anti-Melan A, anti-lisozima, anti-Pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 e anti-vimentina. Os neoplasmas (62,9%) foram as alterações mais frequentes, seguidas por inflamações (19%) e outras alterações (18,1%). Entre os neoplasmas, 40,9% foram mesenquimais, 39,4% epiteliais e 19,7% de células redondas. Todos os neoplasmas de células redondas e a maioria dos epiteliais e mesenquimais eram malignos. Não se observou predileção de prevalência dos neoplasmas em relação ao sexo. As raças Labrador Retriever, Schnauzer, Teckel, SRD, Pastor Alemão, Rottweiler e Pit Bull foram as mais afetadas. Fila Brasileiro, Pit Bull e Schnauzer tiveram alta incidência de neoplasmas mesenquimais, epiteliais e de células redondas, respectivamente. Inflamação foi mais comumente observada em cães Labrador Retriever e as outras alterações em Teckel, Labrador Retriever e SRD. A idade e o peso médio dos animais afetados foram de 8,4 anos e 28,5 kg, respectivamente. O diâmetro médio das lesões tumoriformes foi de 2,5 cm e as lesões neoplásicas apresentaram as maiores médias. As lesões ocorreram principalmente em animais de pelagem amarela. A maioria das biópsias incisionais (56,4%) e amputações (85,3%) consistiram de neoplasmas. O principal membro afetado foi o torácico direito e o dígito foi a estrutura anatômica acometida mais frequentemente. Carcinoma de células escamosas (14,2%) foi o neoplasma mais frequente, seguido do mastocitoma (7,6%), melanoma (7,6%) e sarcoma indiferenciado (7,6%). Em metade dos casos de inflamação, a lesão acometeu o folículo piloso e derme adjacente, e o infiltrado foi predominantemente piogranulomatoso ou lnfoplasmocítico. Cistos foliculares, calcinose circunscrita e acrocordoma foram as principais lesões não neoplásicas e não inflamatórias diagnosticadas. ABSTRACT: Hands and feet of dogs are commonly affected by neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. These lesions may commonly present poor clinical or histopathological prognosis and amputation tends to be the treatment of choice. Previous studies regarding the prevalence and the clinicopathological aspects of digital changes in dogs have been performed abroad, with no similar investigations in Brazil. The aim of this manuscript was to perform a histopathological study to characterize hands and feet lesions of dogs from Brazil.Tissue samples from 105 tumor-like lesions of dogs hands and feet were used in this study. The samples came from three Brazilian veterinary diagnostic laboratories and were collected between 2003 and 2016. All specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and routinely processed for paraffin embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, toluidine blue, Brown and Breen, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Grocott Methenamine Silver (GMS) and Ziehl Neelsen were used in selected cases. Immunohistochemistry using anti-Leishmania spp., anti-CD117, anti-CD79, anti-CD3, anti-Melan A, anti-lysozyme, anti-Pancytokeratin AE1/AE3, and anti-vimentin antibodies were also performed. Neoplasia (62.9%) was the most frequently found lesion, followed by inflammation (19%), and other changes (18.1%). Among the neoplasms, 40.9% were mesenchymal, 39.4% epithelial, and 19.7% round cells. All round cells and most of the epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms were malignant. There was no difference between males and females regarding neoplasia prevalence. Labrador Retriever, Schnauzer, Teckel, mongrel, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, and Pit Bull were the most frequently affected breeds. Fila Brasileiro (aka Brazilian Mastiff), Pit Bull and Schnauzer had higher incidence of mesenchymal, epithelial, and round cells neoplasms, respectively. Inflammation was more commonly observed in the Labrador Retriever and other changes were more commonly in Teckel, Labrador Retriever, and mongrel dogs. Medium age and weight were 8.4 years and 28.5 kg, respectively. Medium diameter of the tumor-like lesions was 2.5 cm and the neoplastic lesions presented higher averages. Lesions were mainly in yellow-coated dogs. Incisional biopsy samples (56.4%) and amputations (85.3%) were mostly from neoplastic cases. Right forelimb was the most affected limb, and digits were the main injured anatomic structures. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most (14.2%) commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by mast cell tumor (7.6%), melanoma (7.6%), and undifferentiated sarcoma (7.6%). In half of the inflammatory cases, the lesion was centered in hair follicle and surrounding dermis. The inflammatory infiltrate was predominantly piogranulomatous or lymphoplasmacytic. Follicular cyst, calcinosis circumscripta, and acrochordons were the main non neoplastic and non-inflammatory changes.

1 Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Katedra fyzické geografie a geoekologie Studijní program: Geografie (Bakalářské studium) Studijní obor: Fyzická geografie a geoinformatika Jiří KOCUM Dálkový průzkum jako indikátor změn struktury půdního pokryvu Remote sensing as indicator of Soil structure changing Bakalářská práce Vedoucí bakalářské práce: RNDr. Luděk Šefrna, CSc. Abstract This thesis is about soil properties, their influence on soil spectral reflectance and Remote Sensing (RS) in pedology. The aim of the thesis is to explain the cause and to estimate the possible future development of the mosaics of local soils, which is visible in aerial photographs, on the selected territory of Kleneč in the Ústí nad Labem Region, by using data from the field survey and RS. Based on the results, evaluate if the methods of RS are suitable apparatus for solving this problem. For this purpose, data from field surveys, aerial and satellite images were collected. This information was compared and evaluated. The results showed a difference in soil properties that cause a different ability to bond water over time. Differnce in water content in soil influence the spectral reflectance of the soil, which is reflected in aerial and satellite imagery in the form of a mosaic. Key words: Remote Sensing, Soil,...

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária Este trabalho procurou testar o efeito de três tratamentos podiátricos sobre o aparelho músculo-esquelético de cavalos ao longo do tempo. Foram selecionados 15 animais, machos, divididos em dois grupos jovens (J) e adultos (A), jovens calçados com ferro (JF) ou deixados descalços (JD), adultos calçados com alumínio (AA) ou calçados com ferro (AF), durante 5 meses. A resposta foi avaliada de modo não invasivo com recurso à ultrassonografia quantitativa (QUS), com três acessos aos terceiros metacarpianos esquerdo e direito: dorsal, lateral e medial. Os valores médios obtidos para cada variável foram: dorsal esquerdo = 3908±142, dorsal direito = 3898±148, lateral esquerdo = 4317±95, lateral direito = 4314±110, medial esquerdo = 4128±208 e medial direito = 4110±166. Para valores de significância de P

Ayak Deformitelerinin Değerlendirilmesinde Podoskop Cihazının GüvenilirliğiAyak, insan ve yürüyebilen her varlık için hareket kabiliyetini ve dünyayla olan temasını sağlayan çok önemli bir anatomik yapıdır. Bu yüzden ayak iyi analiz edilmeli, erken dönemde değerlendirilerek herhangi bir deformite varlığında uygun yöntemlerle düzeltilmelidir. Dolayısıyla ayak analizi için çeşitli yöntem ve cihazlar geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, ayak analizinde kullanılan çeşitli yöntemlerden daha yaygın olan podografla, daha yeni ve az kullanılan podoskop cihazının kullanım kolaylıklarını karşılaştırmak ve bunun sonucunda ayak analizi için uygun yöntemin kullanılmasına yol göstermektir. Bununla birlikte, ayak deformitelerinin değerlendirilmesinde Podoskop cihazının güvenli ve kullanışlı bir yöntem olup olmayacağını göstermeyi hedefledik.Çalışmamız, Trabzon Rehabilitasyon Merkezi bünyesindeki, komut alabilir düzeyde zekaya sahip, 18'i kız 25'i erkek toplamda 43 zihinsel engelli bireyle yapıldı. Gözlemle ve palpasyonla çeşitli ayak deformiteleri olduğu düşünülen engelli bireyler çalışmamıza katıldı. Bireylerin ayak analizleri podoskop ve podograf adı verilen cihazlarla aynı anda yapıldı. Her bireyin IQ'su cinsiyeti, yaşı, vücut kitle indeksi, ayak uzunluk ölçümleri ve podoskop ve podograf üzerindeki ayak analiz verileri toplanarak karşılaştırma yapıldı. Genel anlamda bakıldığında, her iki cihazla yapılan ölçümlerde çıkan sonuçlar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar yoktur. Bu da iki cihazın benzer sonuçlar verdiğini gösterir. Kullanım kolaylıkları açısından bakıldığındaysa, ölçüm sırasındaki izlenimlere dayanarak; podoskopla ölçüm yapmak daha pratik ve daha az zaman aldığı tecrübe edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yaptığımız çalışma neticesinde, ayak deformitelerini değerlendirmek için `Podoskop` cihazı kullanışlı ve güvenlidir diyebiliriz.Anahtar Sözcükler: Ayak, Güvenilirlik, Mental Bozukluk, Pes Planus, Podoloji Reliability Of Podoscope Device For Foot Deformities AssessmentFeet are very important anatomic form which give moving ability for human-being and for every creature that can walk. For this reason, feet should be well examined and any deformity should be corrected by appropriate methods being evaluated at an early stage of walking. As a consequence of foot examination importance, several devices and methods were developed. Our goal in this study is to compare the usage easiness of podogram that usually used in foot analysis and podoscope that more new but less frequently used. As a result, is to provide of guidance on the use of appropriate methods of analysis for the foot measurements. At the same time, we aim to demonstrate that Podoscope device is safe and useful method for assessment of foot deformities.Our study is performed with, 18 female and 25 male totally 43 mental retarded people have intelligence level that may take command, from Trabzon Rehabilitation Center. Mental retarded individuals who have various foot deformities evalueted with observations and palpation, participated in our study. Foot analysis of individuals were performed with devices called Podoscope and Podograph simultaneously. Each individual's IQ, gender, age, body mass index, foot length measurements and analyze data collected Podoscope and padograph made on foot, were compared. In general, there is no significant difference between results of both device measurements. This shows that, the two devices have similar results. In terms of usage easiness, due to observations during experiment procedure, it can be mentioned that measuring with podoscope is more practical and also less time consuming. In sum, by results of our study; we can be said that podoscope is a more appropriate device with its useful and reliable for assessment of foot deformities. Key Words: Foot, Reliability, Mental Disorders, Flatfoot, Podology 97

La metatarsalgia se define como un dolor puntual o generalizado en la zona de las cabezas metatarsales, en el antepie. Éste dolor puede ser referido por el paciente en la zona plantar, bajo las cabezas metatarsales y tener un origen mecánico, iatrogénico o debido a enfermedades sistémicas. Se debe instaurar en un primer momento el tratamiento conservador pero en los casos en los que éste no resuelve la sintomatología dolorosa del paciente se debe recurrir a la cirugía con el fin de solucionar el problema. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la efectividad de las osteotomías mínimamente invasivas en los metatarsianos centrales mediante un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo de 54 pies (41 pacientes) intervenidos de metatarsalgia mediante cirugía mínimamente invasiva en el periodo comprendido entre mayo de 2008 y mayo de 2012. Fueron intervenidos 93 metatarsianos, obteniendo consolidación ósea en todos ellos, 2 casos de recidiva de la patología y de metatarsalgia de transferencia, 3 casos de limitación de la movilidad y en 15 pies persistió un edema residual más allá del momento de alta del paciente. En el mayor número de los casos, en 30 pies intervenidos no se produjeron complicaciones. Metatarsalgia is defined as a specific or a generalized pain on the metatarsal heads, in the forefoot. This pain could be identified for the patient on the ball of the foot, under the metatarsal heads; it may be due to mechanical cause, iatrogenic or to systemic diseases. Conservative treatment should be established in the first place before considering the surgical treatment in order to relief the painful symptoms of the patient. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the minimally invasive osteotomies of the lesser metatarsals by means of a descriptive, observational and retrospective study of 54 feet (41 patients) in the period between May of 2008 and May of 2012. 93 metatarsals were operated, all the osteotomies sites healed. Recurrence of the pathology and transfer metatarsalgia occurred in two cases. Decrease range of motion occurred in three feet and a persistent oedema was observed in fifteen feet at the time of patient discharge. In the majority of the cases, in 30 feet there were no complications. Podología

Se presenta en este trabajo una revisión del síndrome del seno del tarso, repasando la clínica, etiología y tratamiento conservador. Al mismo tiempo se plantea como alternativa al tratamiento quirúrgico convencional la realización del mismo mediante técnicas mínimamente invasivas. A review of the sinus tarsi syndrome is presented in this paper, revising the symptomatology, etiology and conservative treatment. At the same time a minimally invasive procedure is suggested instead of the conventional surgical treatment. Podología

La Cirugía minimamente invasiva es sin duda, una alternativa quirúrgica dentro de la cirugía podológica, ya que las diferentes técnicas descritas, permiten solucionar la mayoría de las patologías del pie. En esta primera comunicación nos centraremos en hacer una introducción de la cirugía mis y explicaremos a fondo la Exostosis subungueal, alteración muy frecuente en nuestras consultas, realizaremos una minuciosa explicación de su ejecución, el material específico que se utiliza y mostraremos diferentes casos clínicos de pacientes operados de esta patología. Minimally Invasive Surgery is undoubtedly a surgical alternative in podiatric surgery. The different techniques described, would solve most of the pathologies of the foot. In this first communication we will focus on an introduction of mis surgery and thoroughly explain the subungual exostosis, whom is very common in our surveys, we will conduct a thorough explanation of its implementation, the specific material used and show different cases of patients operated. Podología

Bu araştırmada, Podoloji Öğretim Programı İçeriğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Araştırma, Tarama Modeline Dayalı Betimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan anket, Podoloji Öğretim Programının içeriğini belirlemek üzere uzman görüşlerinden ve yerli yabancı kaynaklardan yararlanılarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan anket yapılan pilot uygulama sonucu uzman görüşü alınarak tekrar düzeltilerek son şekli verilmiştir. Anket, konu ile ilgili akademisyenler, branş öğretmenleri, uygulayıcılar ve podologlardan oluşan toplam 151 kişiye uygulanmıştır.Ankette yer alan görüşlerin frekanslarına göre , yüzde dağılımları, aritmetik ortalamaları ve standart sapmaları hesaplanmıştır. Gruplar arası farklılıkların tespiti amacı ile bağımsız örneklem t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. ANOVA sonucunda çıkan farklılıkların hangi gruplar arasında olduğunun tespiti amacı ile Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testi uygulanmıştır. Akademisyenler ve podologların sayısının az olması nedeniyle gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunup bulunmadığının analizinde, akademisyenler ve podologlar ayrı bir grup olarak değil, akademisyenler öğretmenler grubu içinde, podologlar ise uygulayıcı grubunun içinde değerlendirilmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, sorulara verilen cevapların aritmetik ortalamalarının değerleri, ANOVA testi ve ?t? testi sonuçları dikkate alınarak Podoloji Öğretim Programının içeriği için önerilen derslerin ve konuların araştırmaya katılan kişilerin çoğunluğu tarafından uygun bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, Anatomi ve Fizyoloji, Tırnaklar, Mikrobiyoloji, Kişisel Hazırlık ve Hijyen, Salon Hazırlığı ve Hijyen, Müşteri Özellikleri, İş Planı, Müşteri Karşılama ve Uğurlama, Ayak Hastalıkları, Müşteri Karşılama ve Uğurlama, Masaj, İlk Yardım ve Sargı Teknikleri dersleri ve bu derslere ait konular (bkz.EK-2) anketlerden elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda Podoloji Öğretim Programında bulunması uygundur.Anahtar Kelimeler : Öğretim Programı, Ders İçeriği, Podolog, Podoloji This study is intended to determine the contents of the Podoloji Curriculum known by insiders.The research, based on the scan Model Descriptive research methods. Used in the survey to determine the contents of the expert views of the Podoloji Curriculum and designed by native and foreign sources by the researcher. Expert opinion on the result of the pilot survey, prepared again to correct the final shape. Survey, topics related to academics, teachers, practitioners, and the total of 151 branch podologlardan has been applied to the person.According to the opinions in the poll frequency, percentage distributions, the standard deviation of the arithmetic averages, and computed. The purpose of the detection of differences between groups with independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Due to the number of analyses, scholars and academics, and podologların podologlar not as a separate group, is in the Group of academics, teachers, podologlar practitioner within the groupAs a result of the research proposed to the lessons and topics in Curriculum content Podoloji research by participating in topic subjects that have emerged. Accordingly, Quotes, microbiology, Anatomy and Physiology, personal preparation and hygiene, Preparation and hygiene, customer specifications, business plan, Customer pick-up and Send-off, foot diseases, Customer Welcome and Send-off, massage, first aid bandages, techniques, lessons and classes of topics and (see.The results of those surveys in accordance with annex 2) Podoloji Instruction must be In the body.Keywords: Educational Program, Course Content ,Podolog, Podology 108

Tomando como referencia el estudio estadístico realizado, proponemos la utilización de las Técnicas de Osteotomías Digitales Incompletas (Técnicas ODI) para las correcciones quirúrgicas de los dedos, ya que estás cumplen los fundamentos de osificación y fijación mejor que el resto de las osteotomías descritas. Mostramos en este trabajo su diseño y forma de ejecución en función de la patología digital. After doing a statistic study, we propose the use of the incomplete osteotomies (IDO techniques) to correct in a surgical way digit deformities. These kinds of osteotomies have a better fixation and quicker consolidation than the classical complete osteotomies that have been usually applied. In this work we show how to design IDO osteotomies and the way of execution depending on digit deformities. Podología

La aparición de síntomas de gota en el pie no es algo infrecuente ya que uno de los primeros puntos donde se localizan los ataques agudos de gota son en la primera articulación metatarsofalángica, el talón o el tobillo. No obstante se debe realizar un diagnóstico diferencial exhaustivo en casos de dudosas ulceraciones y/o apariciones de quistes sobre otras articulaciones más pequeñas. Se presenta un caso de localización atípica de formación de tofos gotosos en el pie, así como su tratamiento mediante extirpación quirúrgica. One of the most common places where the symptoms of the gout appeared is the foot, mainly in the first MPJ and great toe, heels or in the ankle. Nonetheless a differential diagnosis must be done on those doubtful cases where ulcers and/or cysts over the lesser joints in the foot are found. A clinical report is presented where an atypical location of the tophus is found and surgically removed. Podología

Introduction Ulcers as a result of diabetes mellitus are a serious problem with an enormous impact on the overall global disease burden due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes. Because of long hospital stays, reh abilitat ion, often required home care and the use of social services diab eti c foot complications are costly. Therapy with growth factors could be an effective and innovative add-on to standard wound care. Research questions What is the benefit of therapies with growth factors alone or in combination with other technologies in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer a sses sed regarding medical, economical, social, ethical and juridical a spec ts? Methods We systematically searched relevant databases limited to English and German language and publications since 1990. Cost values were adj ust ed to the price level of 2008 and converted into Euro. A review and an assessment of the quality of publications were conducted following approved methodical standards conforming to evidence-based medicine and health economics. Results We identified 25 studies (14 randomized controlled trials (RCT), nine cost-effectiveness analyses, two meta-analyses).The RCT compared an add-on therapy to standard wound care with standard wound care/placebo alone or extracellular wound matrix: in six studies becaplermin, in two rhEGF, in one bFGF, and in five studies the metabolically active skin grafts Dermagraft and Apligraf.The study duration ranged from twelve to 20 weeks and the study population included between 17 to 382 patients, average 130 patients.The treatment with becaplermin, rhEGF and skin implants Dermagraft and Apligraf showed in eight out of 13 studies an advantage concerning complete wound closure and the time to complete wound healing. Evidence for a benefit of treatment with bFGF could not be found. In four out of 14 studies the proportion of adverse events was 30% per study group with no difference between the treatment groups. The methodological quality of the studies was affected by significant def icienci es.The results showed becaplermin being cost-effective whereas no obvious statement can be made regarding Dermagraft and Apligraf because of diverging cost bases and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Discussion Differences in standard wound care are complicating the comparison of study results. Taking into consideration the small to very small sample sizes and other methodological flaws with high potential of bias, the validity of the results with regard to effectiveness and cost-effectiveness has to be considered limited. The duration of treatment and follow-up examinations is not long enough to assess the sustainability of the i nterv ention and the surveillance of ulcer recurrences or treatment rel ate d adverse events like the development of malignancy. Conclusions There are indications of an advantage for the add-on therapy with growth factors in diabetic foot ulcers concerning complete wound closure and the time to complete wound healing. Further more studies of high methodological quality with adequate sample sizes and sufficient follow-up periods are necessary also investigating patient-relevant parameters like the health-related quality of life, the acceptance and tolerance of the intervention in addition to clinical outcomes. Einleitung Ulcera in Folge von Diabetes mellitus sind aufgrund der zunehmenden Prävalenz der Erkrankung ein schwerwiegendes Problem mit einem großen Anteil an der weltweiten Krankheitslast. Aufgrund langer Krankenhausaufenthalte, Rehabilitation, häufig erforderlicher häuslicher Betreuung und Inanspruchnahme sozialer Dienstleistungen sind diabetische Fußkomplikationen auch teuer. Eine Therapie mit Wachstumsfaktoren könnte eine wirksame innovative Wundbehandlung zusätzlich zu einer Standardwundversorgung darstellen. Forschungsfragen Wie ist der Nutzen einer Therapie mit Wachstumsfaktoren allein oder in Kombination mit anderen Technologien zur Behandlung des diabetischen Fußulcus unter medizinischen, ökonomischen, sozial-ethischen und juristischen Aspekten zu beurteilen? Methodik In relevanten Datenbanken wird eine systematische Literaturrecherche nach englisch- und deutschsprachigen Publikationen seit 1990 durchgeführt. Kostenwerte werden an das Preisniveau von 2008 angepasst und in Euro umgerechnet. Die Überprüfung und Bewertung der methodischen Qualität der medizinischen und ökonomischen Studien erfolgt anhand von anerkannten methodischen Standards der evidenzbasierten Medizin und der Gesundheitsökonomie. Ergebnisse Es können insgesamt 25 Studien identifiziert werden (14 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCT), neun Kosten-Effektivitäts-Analysen und zwei Metaanalysen.In den 14 RCT wird eine zur Standardwundversorgung adjunkte Therapie mit der Standardwundversorgung/Placebo oder einer extrazellulären Wundmatrix verglichen: in sechs Studien Becaplermin, in zwei Studien der rekombinante humane epidermale Wachstumsfaktor (rhEGF), in einer Studie der basische Fibroblastenwachstumsfaktor (bFGF) und in fünf Studien die biologisch aktiven Hautimplantate Dermagraft und Apligraf. Die Studiendauern liegen bei zwölf bis 20 Wochen. Die Studienpopulationen umfassen insgesamt von 17 bis zu 382 Patienten, im Durchschnitt 130.Für eine Behandlung mit Becaplermin, dem Wachstumsfaktor rhEGF und mit den Hautimplantaten Dermagraft und Apligraf zeigt sich im Vergleich zu einer Standardwundversorgung allein in jeweils acht von 13 Studien ein Vorteil hinsichtlich einer vollständigen Wundheilung und der Dauer bis zu einer vollständigen Wundheilung mit statistisch signifikanten Unterschieden. Ein Nachweis für den Nutzen einer Behandlung mit bFGF kann nicht erbracht werden. Die Rate unerwünschter Ereignisse beträgt in vier der 14 Studien mehr als 30% je Studienarm, ist jedoch zwischen den Studiengruppen nicht unterschiedlich. Die methodische Qualität der Studien ist mit deutlichen Mängeln behaftet.Becaplermin kann als kosteneffektiv betrachtet werden. Divergierende Kostengrundlagen und inkrementelle Kosten-Effektivitäts-Relationen lassen eine eindeutige Aussage zu Dermagraft und Apligraf nicht zu. Diskussion Unterschiede in der Standardwundversorgung erschweren den Vergleich der Studienergebnisse miteinander. Vor dem Hintergrund kleiner bis sehr kleiner Studienpopulationen und einer mit deutlichen Mängeln behafteten methodischen Qualität der Studien mit hohem Verzerrungspotential sind die Ergebnisse zur Effektivität und Kosten-Effektivität nur eingeschränkt aussagekräftig. Die Studiendauern und weitere Follow-up-Phasen sind für eine Überprüfung der Nachhaltigkeit der Interventionen und Beobachtung von Ulcusrezidiven oder unerwünschten Ereignisse infolge der Behandlung wie z.B. der Entwicklung maligner Tumoren zu kurz. Schlussfolgerung/Empfehlungen Hinweise auf den Vorteil einer adjunkten Therapie mit Wachstumsfaktoren bei diabetischen Ulcera für eine vollständige Wundheilung und die Dauer bis zu einer vollständigen Wundheilung sind gegeben. Zusätzliche methodisch hochwertige Studien mit adäquaten Fallzahlen und ausreichend langen Nachbeobachtungsphasen sind notwendig, in denen neben klinisch relevanten Zielgrößen auch weitere patientenrelevante Parameter wie z.B. die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität, Akzeptanz und Toleranz der Behandlung untersucht werden.

Cuando se programa la corrección de las deformidades digitales mediante cirugía de mínima incisión el principal problema que se plantea es la elección apropiada de los procedimientos a realizar en función de la localización de las patologías; debido a la compleja variedad con que se presentan en los dedos medios. Podemos encontrar varias deformidades en los dedos menores. Estas desviaciones se encuentran en el plano sagital (dedo en martillo o en garra); en el plano frontal (clinodactilia) o en el transverso (dedo supraductus, infradductus). Todas ellas pueden ser estáticas o dinámicas; rígidas, semi-rígidas; semi-flexibles o flexibles. No se pretende a través de este artículo dar un repaso de las distintas patologías de los dedos, más bien se intenta crear una guía para adecuar la variedad de procedimientos MIS a la deformidad particular de cada dígito. When a surgical correction of the digit deformities is planned with MIS procedures a main problem is found, it is which will be the correct technique depending on the location of the deformity due to the complex variety in the lesser toes pathologies. Several deformities of the lesser toes are presented, these can be found in the sagital plane (hammertoe), in a frontal (valgus/varus toe) or in a transverse plane (crossover toe). They can be static or dynamic, rigid, semi-rigid, semi-flexible or flexible. That is going to offer different combinations. Through this paper is not expected to sum up all the lesser toes deformities, rather a guide will be done in order to adapt the several MIS procedures to every particular digit deformity. Podología

Introduction Ulcers as a result of diabetes mellitus are a serious problem with an enormous impact on the overall global disease burden due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes. Because of long hospital stays, rehabilitation, often required home care and the use of social services diabetic foot complications are costly. Therapy with growth factors could be an effective and innovative add-on to standard wound care. Research questions What is the benefit of therapies with growth factors alone or in combination with other technologies in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer assessed regarding medical, economical, social, ethical and juridical aspects? Methods We systematically searched relevant databases limited to English and German language and publications since 1990. Cost values were adjusted to the price level of 2008 and converted into Euro. A review and an assessment of the quality of publications were conducted following approved methodical standards conforming to evidence-based medicine and health economics. Results We identified 25 studies (14 randomized controlled trials (RCT), nine cost-effectiveness analyses, two meta-analyses). The RCT compared an add-on therapy to standard wound care with standard wound care/placebo alone or extracellular wound matrix: in six studies becaplermin, in two rhEGF, in one bFGF, and in five studies the metabolically active skin grafts Dermagraft and Apligraf. The study duration ranged from twelve to 20 weeks and the study population included between 17 to 382 patients, average 130 patients. The treatment with becaplermin, rhEGF and skin implants Dermagraft and Apligraf showed in eight out of 13 studies an advantage concerning complete wound closure and the time to complete wound healing. Evidence for a benefit of treatment with bFGF could not be found. In four out of 14 studies the proportion of adverse events was 30% per study group with no difference between the treatment groups. The methodological quality of the studies was affected by significant deficiencies. The results showed becaplermin being cost-effective whereas no obvious statement can be made regarding Dermagraft and Apligraf because of diverging cost bases and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Discussion Differences in standard wound care are complicating the comparison of study results. Taking into consideration the small to very small sample sizes and other methodological flaws with high potential of bias, the validity of the results with regard to effectiveness and cost-effectiveness has to be considered limited. The duration of treatment and follow-up examinations is not long enough to assess the sustainability of the intervention and the surveillance of ulcer recurrences or treatment related adverse events like the development of malignancy. Conclusions There are indications of an advantage for the add-on therapy with growth factors in diabetic foot ulcers concerning complete wound closure and the time to complete wound healing. Further more studies of high methodological quality with adequate sample sizes and sufficient follow-up periods are necessary also investigating patient-relevant parameters like the health-related quality of life, the acceptance and tolerance of the intervention in addition to clinical outcomes., GMS Health Technology Assessment; 6:Doc12; ISSN 1861-8863

La estabilidad que nos aportan las osteotomías incompletas y su rápida consolidación hacen que las técnicas O.D.I. sean de elección en las correcciones de las deformidades digitales. Con esta comunicación, se pretende crear un código común para definir la dirección de las osteotomías digitales incompletas (O.D.I.) pudiéndose entender de una manera rápida y clara el poder corrector y la dirección de las mismas. I.D.O. (Incomplete digital osteotomies) have proved to give more stability than any other osteotomies. It is a painless surgery, with the advantage that this kind of osteotomies consolidate very quickly. The main aim of this article is to create a common language in order to describe the I.D.O. directions. So, it will be easier to understand the way osteotomy corrects the angular position of the segment. Podología

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 scudeller_pso_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 2044336 bytes, checksum: 533c13f118e2a550bd3a71ed20c31cc2 (MD5) A doença podal é considerada como a terceira mais importante enfermidade nos bovinos leiteiros, após mastite e problemas reprodutivos, levando a uma perda econômica e financeira significativa. Pesquisadores observaram uma correlação negativa de enfermidades podais com produção leiteira e com a eficiência reprodutiva. O propósito deste estudo foi conhecer a ocorrência, tipo e grau de enfermidades falangeanas assintomáticas diagnosticadas pela radiografia, de fêmeas da espécie bovina Bos indicus, da raça Nelore, provenientes do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa do Gado de Corte da EMBRAPA do município de Campo Grande - MS, criadas em sistema extensivo, pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens, com suplementação mineral e controle sanitário e parasitário rigorosos, e correlacionar o grau de alterações ósseas com o peso vivo, circunferência torácica, DMO, proteínas totais, CK, GGT, albumina, globulina, AST, Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Zn, fosfatase alcalina, osteocalcina, leucograma e o pH rumenal. Foram radiografados os cascos dos quatro membros nas posições dorso-palmar, dorso-plantar e látero-medial e o terceiro osso metacarpo na posição dorso-palmar para avaliação densitométrica. Pela avaliação estatística, não ocorreu correlação entre as variáveis obtidas e lesões ósseas podais. Apenas ocorreu correlação entre idade e presença de exostose podal. Ficou comprovada a importância do exame radiográfico como imprescindível meio de diagnostico para a laminite assintomática. The pedal disease has been as the third most important disease in dairy cattle, after mastitis and reproduction problems, with a significant economical and financial loss. Workers observed a negative correlation of feet diseases with dairy yield and reproductive performance. The purpose of this study was know the occurrence and type and degree of pathological bone chances in phalangies without clinical signs diagnosed through radiographic examine of bovine females species Bos indicus, from Center National of Research of Beef Bovine, EMBRAPA, city Campo Grande - MS, husbandry in extensive system, pasture of Brachiaria decumbens, with mineral supplement and rigorous parasitic and sanitary control; and to correlate the degree osseus changes with weight, toracic circumference, BMD, Protein total serum, CK, GGT, Albumin, Globulin, AST, Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Zn, Alkaline Phosphatase, Osteocalcin, White blood cells and ruminal pH. The claws of fore and hind of cows were radiographed in dorso-palmar, dorso-plantar and latero-medial views, and the bone metacarpus was radiographed in dorso-palmar view to evaluation densitometric. With statistical analysis did not occur correlation between samples obtained and pedal bone lesions. Occur correlation between age and pedal exostosis. It was confirmed the importance of radiographic examine as recourse diagnosis indispensable to subclinic laminitis.

Este artículo describe la corrección del hallux valgus medio, con proced imientos de Cirugía de Mínima Incisión. Se hace referencia al instrumental y ven­dajes que se emplean. Se explican las diferen­ tes osteotomías y procedimientos quirúrgicos que se aplican para conseguir redirigir y esta­ bilizar las fuerzas estructurales de la cabeza del metatarsi ano y primera falange, consi­ guiendo la eficaz corrección del Hallux Valgus. It's described how to correct the Hallux Abducto Valgus deformity using procedures of Minimal Incision Surgery. We show all the instrumental and the different bandaging techniques needed. It's explained several osteotomies and quirurgical procedures applied to replace the articular surface and to get the right estructural forces at first metatarsal and first phalangx. A successful result is achieved using these procedures. Podología