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Seagrass is an important marine habitat that provides benefits to society in the form of ecosystem services. Services include the provision of food via fisheries, the regulation of water quality and the ability to sequester and store carbon. In the UK, seagrass beds are in decline, increasing the risk of ecosystem service loss. Current efforts to protect, restore and create seagrass habitat, beyond spatial management measures, rely on grant funding and donations. Emerging carbon, biodiversity and wider ecosystem service markets offering potential revenue sources could facilitate the enhancement of seagrass habitat at scale. Participation in ecosystem service markets, requires that projects deliver on the ecosystem service benefits defined. As the benefits will have been paid for, there are risks associated with not delivering on ecosystem service benefits. It is important that the risk is clearly defined. In this study we further the marine natural capital and risk register approach and apply the method to a case study area to support the development of sustainable funding options for seagrass habitat enhancement in Plymouth Sound, UK. Habitat Suitability modelling is also used to map potential areas for seagrass habitat enhancement. We find that, in the Plymouth Sound area, the risk of loss of ecosystem services for subtidal seagrass habitats is, at present, high. This is primarily linked to the declining extent and condition of subtidal seagrass assets. Under current governance, all of Plymouth Sound's subtidal seagrass are within a Marine Protected Area, though this conservation designation does not guarantee that the seagrass bed is protected from damaging activity. Under current environmental conditions there is opportunity for widespread seagrass restoration and creation. Risk to seagrass beds and any future private funding could be reduced by governance actions that enable effective direct protection of the seagrass assets and mitigate harmful pressures (e.g., reduction of water pollution). Emerging financial 'products' from seagrass ecosystem services that can support restoration and creation, require a high degree of integrity. The natural capital asset and risk register framework can provide information to underpin product development. With the development of revenue streams from ecosystem services there is a need for more intentional governance and site-based monitoring of these habitats as natural capital assets. Further research is needed to define any social or economic outcomes. Synthesis and Application: By assessing the risk to the status of seagrass assets through this approach, it is possible to determine the complementary governance actions needed to underpin investment in seagrass habitat enhancement. The methods are transferable to other locations where data exists to define the asset status. These specific findings are relevant nationally where similar vectors of risk (pressures) are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), at high stroke risk, and who are ineligible for long-term oral anticoagulation, the left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) could be an alternative to anticoagulation. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a new non-thermal method for cardiac ablation modality based on high-voltage electrical energy for irreversible electroporation. We first report a case of a concomitant PFA pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and LAAC. Case summary A 74-year-old female patient was referred to our department for PVI for persistent AF (CHA2DS2-VASc score 5). A concomitant percutaneous LAAC was proposed because of a history of previous cerebellar transient ischaemic attack despite continuous oral anticoagulation therapy. Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved with a pentaspline PFA catheter, and LAAC was performed with a WATCHMAN FLX™ device (Boston Scientific, Plymouth, MN, USA). After PVI, a swelling of the left atrial ridge was observed, yet a 27 mm LAAC device was successfully implanted. The follow-up transesophageal echo (TEE) after 6 weeks showed complete resolution of the oedema, no device-related thrombus, but a slight proximal tilting of the LAAC device without leakage could be observed. The 6-month follow-up demonstrated a stable sinus rhythm, no stroke, or bleeding events were recorded. Discussion In this case of synchronous PFA-PVI procedure in AF and WATCHMAN FLX™ device implantation, the electroporation created an acute oedema at the ridge level which at the TEE follow-up after 6 weeks was resolved. This resulted in a slightly tilted WATCHMAN device position which was nevertheless stable and showed no leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memorials operate on many semiotic and mnemonic levels, and are often created at an architectural scale constituted as clusters of artistically choreographed and architectonically situated signs and symbols. Guest‐ Editor of this 2 Peter J Baldwin explores the sculptural and drawn work of Royal Academician Michael Sandle and discusses the artist's multilayered and multiscaled oeuvre that bristles with haunted, painful pasts – lest we forget! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seagrass is an important marine habitat that provides benefits to society in the form of ecosystem services. Services include the provision of food via fisheries, the regulation of water quality and the ability to sequester and store carbon. In the UK, seagrass beds are in decline, increasing the risk of ecosystem service loss. Current efforts to protect, restore and create seagrass habitat, beyond spatial management measures, rely on grant funding and donations. Emerging carbon, biodiversity and wider ecosystem service markets offering potential revenue sources could facilitate the enhancement of seagrass habitat at scale. Participation in ecosystem service markets, requires that projects deliver on the ecosystem service benefits defined. As the benefits will have been paid for, there are risks associated with not delivering on ecosystem service benefits. It is important that the risk is clearly defined. In this study we further the marine natural capital and risk register approach and apply the method to a case study area to support the development of sustainable funding options for seagrass habitat enhancement in Plymouth Sound, UK. Habitat Suitability modelling is also used to map potential areas for seagrass habitat enhancement. We find that, in the Plymouth Sound area, the risk of loss of ecosystem services for subtidal seagrass habitats is, at present, high. This is primarily linked to the declining extent and condition of subtidal seagrass assets. Under current governance, all of Plymouth Sound’s subtidal seagrass are within a Marine Protected Area, though this conservation designation does not guarantee that the seagrass bed is protected from damaging activity. Under current environmental conditions there is opportunity for widespread seagrass restoration and creation. Risk to seagrass beds and any future private funding could be reduced by governance actions that enable effective direct protection of the seagrass assets and mitigate harmful pressures (e.g., reduction of water pollution). Emerging financial ‘products’ from seagrass ecosystem services that can support restoration and creation, require a high degree of integrity. The natural capital asset and risk register framework can provide information to underpin product development. With the development of revenue streams from ecosystem services there is a need for more intentional governance and site-based monitoring of these habitats as natural capital assets. Further research is needed to define any social or economic outcomes. Synthesis and Application By assessing the risk to the status of seagrass assets through this approach, it is possible to determine the complementary governance actions needed to underpin investment in seagrass habitat enhancement. The methods are transferable to other locations where data exists to define the asset status. These specific findings are relevant nationally where similar vectors of risk (pressures) are identified.

Space Interface is a collaboration between artist‐architect Mathew Emmett and the legendary Eberhard Kranemann, a German neo‐Fluxus artist and founding member of electronic music pioneers Kraftwerk. Here, Emmett describes how, through mixed‐reality performance and audiovisual installation, their work transforms architectural settings by using video and electronic improvisation to evoke extended levels of architectural reality. They consider buildings as psychological prostheses, and their experiments attempt to invert and extend what might constitute architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alleged ancient lead anchor stock core of Mediterranean design, which had spent many years under the stairs in the lobby leading to the bar at Fort Bovisand, was transferred to Plymouth City Museum in May 2010. Due to the possible overlap of British and Mediterranean lead isotope ratios, it was decided to refrain from sample extraction and provenance analysis. With reference to typological and historical data, particularly comparable artefact discoveries from in and outside of the Mediterranean as well as the absence of evidence for significant lead exploitation before the Roman Conquest, this article will argue that the object is probably not British.

14th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC 2021) was organized by the University of Plymouth, UK from 5th – 9th September 2021. It was the first time the conference had been hosted in the South West of the UK, and with the impact of COVID-19, it was also the first time the event was held in a full hybrid format with presenters and audience both in person and online.

What is the history of the desire to be good? Many people lead rich and fulfilling lives without asking themselves such a question, so it may be extravagant to expect the early modern English settlers in Algonquian territory to have done so. But maybe not. Many settlers were ready, after all, to commit great violence in the name of goodness. Just as importantly, they were also eager to cultivate lives committed to that virtue—and to chase that project across an ocean. This essay attends to some of the conditions and consequences of neglecting to critique one's own motivations in the pursuit of goodness. It examines some of the earliest writings of English settlers in Wampanoag territory: the Separatists at Plymouth, the merchants and protocapitalists at Ma-Re Mount, and the spectacularly inept thieves and starvelings at Wessagussett. Across these settlements, this essay observes a frequent correlation—on the one hand, a conviction of superior ethical knowledge among English settlers; on the other, an addiction to a paranoid epistemology. In these texts that ethics and this epistemology complement each other powerfully. That power's historical conditions come to light when we look beyond the conventional antagonism between Plymouth and Ma-Re Mount, Bradford and Morton; and instead, reckon with their similarity, and with the conveniently familiar distraction the cliché of their antagonism provides next to the alien and alarming challenge to the Christian vision of goodness that one clumsy Wessagussett settler, Phinehas Pratt, unhappily encountered. His ineloquence testifies to the unthought intertwinement of ethics and epistemology in colonial encounters, and to how dearly settlers sought scientific certainty as a substitute for the terrifying intuition that their ideals of goodness and their God were not, in fact, as universal as they had once thought. Their terror can be our gain. It invites modern historians and literary critics to examine the motives and the methods of our own pursuits of goodness in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charles Livesey Walton (1881–1953) was born on the Isle of Man, but moved in childhood via Yorkshire to the south coast of Pembrokeshire (Wales). Later, having become a man of private means, he relocated to Devon. He was associated with the Marine Biological Laboratory of the United Kingdom in Plymouth from 1907 until 1912, where he developed expertise on sea anemones. His first publication was on these animals, in 1907 with Professor Herbert John Fleure of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, where he eventually gained employment in 1912. There, he changed course to work on various aspects of veterinary and agricultural zoology, themes he pursued at the University College of North Wales, Bangor. He considered his major contribution to have been his work there on "liver rot" (fasciolosis) in sheep, carried out from 1919 and during the economic depression of the 1920s. As a marine zoologist, he is probably best known for his co-authorship of The biology of the sea-shore (1922) with Frederick William Flattely. He moved from Bangor in 1927 to the Long Ashton Research Station, University of Bristol, as an agricultural entomologist. As part of a multidisciplinary team there, he developed and tested chemical treatments against a wide variety of plant pests and diseases. Retiring to St David's, Pembrokeshire, he catalogued plants of the peninsula. Walton apparently never married. The comprehensive bibliography presented here constitutes an appropriate memorial alongside his influential final book, Farmers' warfare (1947). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the notion that LGBTQ lives have historically been signified in specific moments in times and spaces perceived as safe to perform these identities. Consequently, on a national level, and in the case-study city of Plymouth, LGBT+ lives have often failed to generate those materials regarded as appropriate for archiving and study. Instead, those moments seen as most significant to LGBTQ individuals have remained ephemeral and performative. This article explores how the oral history interview process can provide the opportunity to create a contemporary space in which these moments can be performed again, witnessed, recorded, archived and made part of the historical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that the 1623 starving time through which Pilgrims championed universal self-interest was a direct and anticipated consequence of their risky decision to build a palisade and a fort rather than plant corn. This historical insight, derived by comparing Edward Winslow's Good News from New England with William Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation, updates and advances literary historical assessments of the power of sympathy in a settler colonial context. First, it reveals how the figuratively boundary-blurring fellow feeling that was exemplarily required by New England settlers' social theory had its historical conditions of possibility in the prior construction and renewal of material boundaries—walls, forts, and fences. These boundaries affirmed difference both within and beyond the New England settlement, and they normalized the self-interest across which sympathy's transgressive power derives. Second, these readings demonstrate not only how fellow feeling was enabled by these material demarcations but also how expressions of sympathy, particularly through practices of mercy, violently intensified the social difference that these walls and fences represented. This violence was at once explicit—in the terror and torture enacted on indigenous people—and implicit—in the expectation that fellow settlers forgo their desires for justice in the name of an affectionate community. Finally, in reviewing fellow feeling's capacity to be used as a weapon, this article suggests how future scholarship in New England studies might participate more robustly in a critique of the settler colonial conditions that endure into the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay tracks the role of conspiracy and paranoia in Edward Winslow's Good News from New England (1624) and argues that the belief in a conspiracy against the colony is central to the text's representation of native culture and politics. Published in the wake of an early instance of New England settler violence, the so-called Wessagusset Massacre, Winslow's account presents the Plymouth Colony as beset by an amorphous indigenous plot—despite an admitted dearth of direct evidence for such a plot. Approaching the imputed conspiracy as a method of representing the settlement's history (and not merely as a mistaken belief about that history) emphasizes the structuring role of paranoia in Winslow's understanding of native actions and culture. The text employs the notion of a native conspiracy as both an improvised heuristic for interpreting encounters with various indigenous groups and as a means of narrating those complex encounters for an English readership. By tracking the function of conspiracy and paranoia in Good News, this article probes the dynamic relationship between representation, interpretation, and encounter in this early moment of English settler colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]