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This essay attempts to identify some possible coordinates of a path capable to unify everything that today appears divided and fragmented. The research space is delimited and highlights two protagonists of the 20th century: Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945) and John Hick (1922- 2012). The imperfection of the concept of religion and of religions in their concreteness – highlighted by both Bonhoeffer and Hick – represents a starting point for monitoring the situation today in order to avoid any form of excess in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El artículo pretende evaluar la crítica de Robert Talisse a la noción de democracia de John Dewey según la cual dicha noción sería incompatible con el pluralismo razonable de corte rawlsiano y devendría opresiva pues se funda en el ideal moral del crecimiento. Para ello, se reconstruye la “objeción pluralista” de Talisse. Posteriormente, se consideran los argumentos centrales con que Dewey sostiene su perspectiva, a saber: el argumento experimentalista y el argumento formativo. En este marco, se sostiene que la idea de democracia como cooperación social y la idea de crecimiento como fin moral, comprendidas en términos deweyanos, dan lugar al pluralismo por derecho propio.

One of the main contributions of Kantian theoretical philosophy is the thesis that human beings are only capable of having limited knowledge of the world. One of the reasons that led Kant to delimit knowledge was the consideration of other possible perspectives from which to know the universe, particularly his belief in extraterrestrial life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La investigación examina el comportamiento del ecosistema mediático digital chileno en el contexto de conflictos socioambientales que resultaron en la muerte de activistas, centrándose en el enfoque y posicionamiento mediático en diversos tipos de medios de comunicación durante la cobertura de los casos de Camilo Catrillanca, Macarena Valdés y Alejandro Castro. Para lograr este objetivo, se recolectaron 16.166 publicaciones de 211 medios chilenos en las redes sociales Twitter, Instagram y Facebook, las cuales fueron sometidas a análisis utilizando LDA (Análisis de Distribución Latente). A partir de estos datos, se discute el uso de las plataformas, las características de los medios que lideran la cobertura, las perspectivas editoriales adoptadas y el enfoque de los contenidos publicados. En resumen, la investigación proporciona una visión detallada del posicionamiento y enfoque de los medios chilenos en la cobertura de muertes de activistas durante conflictos socioambientales, y además presenta una metodología que podría ser aplicada para analizar el comportamiento de los medios digitales en otros contextos similares.

O presente artigo pretende analisar a democracia liberal a partir do pensamento de Carl Schmitt e Chantal Mouffe, procurando responder se é possível conceber uma democracia que não seja liberal, de acordo com esses dois autores. Parte-se da análise do conceito do político de Carl Schmitt e da sua construção teórica acerca do discurso liberal, que conduz em última análise à aniquilação do Estado. Em seguida, passamos a analisar o pensamento de Chantal Mouffe, que tem Carl Schmitt como referencial teórico e constata que liberalismo e democracia não são incompatíveis. Para a autora, a reunião dessas duas tradições conflitantes e os paradoxos dela decorrentes constituem a marca da democracia moderna. Por fim, concluímos que não é possível dissociar a democracia dos princípios tipicamente liberais nos dias de hoje, mas devemos continuar a buscar elementos que reduzam essa contradição e possibilitem uma participação popular real e efetiva na vida política.

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This article reflects on the motivations of three individuals who, in adulthood, have chosen to adhere to Zen Buddhism, Vaishnavism and Islam; namely, religious groups that are very much in the minority in their home country, Colombia. The methodology used was qualitative, involving an analysis of life stories and semi-structured interviews. The results show that the individuals express dissatisfaction with their lives, as well as a series of criticisms regarding the socio-cultural environment in which they live. Minority religions represent for them an alternative way of living and thinking that they consider more appropriate and satisfying. It is concluded that the individuals are in search of transcendent meaning, not due to a "deficit" or "void", as it is often thought, but rather a state of disorientation generated by processes characteristic of late modernity, such as religious deinstitutionalization, individualization and pluralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to relate two debates about how logic and language influence thought. There is an axis of discussion about whether there exists a plurality of logic or a single logical system as an evaluation criterion for any reasoning context. In linguistics, the debate arising from the strong and weak interpretations of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis has centralized the discussion around the degree of influence or determination of language on thought. From different perspectives and theoreticalconceptual frameworks, logic, and linguistics delimit and problematize a field of inquiry and reflection. The article, from a transdisciplinary perspective, intends to account for and postulate communicating vessels between these debates, considering the nuances of each approach. It also seeks to propose its own hypothesis on the problem raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text has one objective: to trace the ways in which social networks bring us closer to and further away from the construction of democracy. With a view to this, we will go through four stations: first, we will analyze the role of social networks in the assaults on democracy in recent years. Secondly, we will point out the importance of developing individuality when building a democracy. Thirdly, we will examine the relationship between democracy and pluralism of values, and we will also rescue the value of coexistence as a musket stone in said assemblage. Finally, we will outline the state of the question of social networks and the type of subject created by them today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we start from the idea that transformations come to a large extent from the reflection that we make of the past in relation to the present and the future projection that we desire. In this article we support the idea that there is a plurality of personal and collective identities that are constituted in relation to the social practices of any of the various conceptual frameworks, and since there are no valid reasons to believe that one identity is superior or more valuable than another, it would not be possible to despise, oppress or privilege any of them. Considering this plurality of identities, we expose that a very problematic aspect of the practices of oppression and privilege is that a world of contempt is built from them. From the position of onto-epistemological pluralism it is maintained that the subjects construct the world in which they live in relation to their social practices and assumptions, the main finding in this article has been to identify that this construction can be in relation to the present, the future, and the past. Based on Colapietro's reading of Dewey's pragmatism, we conclude that by rethinking and redefining from the personal and social sphere how the practices of contempt emerged and are sustained, the possibility of transforming them opens. A fundamental element to know that certain practices must change is in the unsatisfactory emotional quality of the experience of the subject who is treated with oppression and contempt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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O pluralismo, em Peter Berger, é um conceito associado ao fenômeno social, modernidade, escolha individual, diversidade de religiões e nas religiões. Nossa tese é que o pluralismo problematizado dá lugar a possibilidades e limites para um estudo crítico da dupla pertença religiosa que inclua as abordagens teórica e empírica. O objetivo geral consistirá no exame epistemológico do pluralismo. Os objetivos específicos serão: [1] compreender o conceito de pluralismo em Berger; [2] e delimitar possibilidades e limites da visão bergeriana de pluralismo, para o estudo crítico da dupla pertença. Na metodologia do texto, a primeira parte tratará do pluralismo em Berger, enquanto a segunda consistirá em possibilidades e limites da abordagem de Berger do pluralismo, para a pesquisa crítica da dupla pertença. Chegamos a dois resultados: [a] é possível, desde a sociologia da religião de Berger, uma abordagem empírica da dupla pertença que opere com hipóteses deduzidas da análise crítica do pluralismo a serem confirmadas ou refutadas em campo; e [b] à luz da sociologia bergeriana, o estudo científico da prática de duplo pertencimento se limitaria à abordagem empírica. A conclusão é que, em Ciência da Religião, o estudo crítico da pertença a duas religiões conciliaria as abordagens empírica e teórica.

Este artículo examina los relatos noticiosos de los medios televisivos, escritos y digitales de mayor audiencia en Ecuador, generados durante la cobertura de las movilizaciones sociales del movimiento indígena en octubre de 2019 y junio de 2022. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de contenido, tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo, sobre un conjunto de 1274 noticias con el propósito de identificar las prácticas recurrentes de los medios de comunicación para construir la representación de un "enemigo". Este enemigo es presentado como un campesino ignorante, contrastado con el modelo urbano percibido como superior.

La Constitución de la República del Ecuador reconoce los derechos de la naturaleza desde el año 2008. El texto constitucional establece una serie de garantías y derechos relacionados con este reconocimiento. Esto evidencia que el Estado ecuatoriano es, en principio, multiétnico y pluricultural, establece la consulta previa, libre e informada para cualquier plan o programa que pueda afectar a los pueblos y nacionalidades desde el punto de vista ambiental y cultural. Este trabajo, basado en la visión de diversos autores, utiliza el texto constitucional y algunas normas secundarias para argumentar que la garantía y el reconocimiento de la justicia indígena permiten la aplicación y existencia del pluralismo jurídico. A su vez, esto coadyuva a la defensa de ecosistemas como los de la Amazonía ecuatoriana, que forma parte de la cuenca amazónica, un bioma de importancia mundial para enfrentar las consecuencias del cambio climático. Además, se realiza una breve exposición de las sentencias emitidas por juzgados provinciales y por la Corte Constitucional, cuyo argumento central se fundamenta en la protección y garantía de los derechos de la naturaleza. Estos elementos contribuyen en parte a la construcción de una respuesta para un problema de alcance global.

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La Constitución Política de Colombia reglamenta el pluralismo, y de ahí se desprende el derecho a la consulta previa, la cual es una garantía constitucional para las comunidades étnicas. La Constitución también reglamenta la propiedad intelectual, que involucra los derechos del obtentor. Pero se ha puesto en discusión la primacía del derecho a la propiedad intelectual y el pluralismo, como en el caso del Tratado de la Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales (UPOV) de 1991, ratificado mediante la Ley 1518 de 2012, que fue declarado inexequible mediante la Sentencia C-1051 de 2012, por no haber agotado el requisito de consulta previa. Este artículo pretende analizar cómo el pluralismo en toda su extensión afecta la implementación de tratados internacionales relacionados con propiedad intelectual como la UPOV de 1991.

El artículo expone el sentido educativo de una enseñanza de la religión acorde con las convicciones de los padres y su defensa en un sistema jurídico abierto a la libertad religiosa, el pluralismo y la neutralidad de los Poderes públicos. La riqueza de opciones accesibles encarna la libertad de enseñanza que garantiza los resultados humanistas del proceso.

O objetivo do artigo é convidar o leitor para uma reflexão sobre os principais aspectos que norteian a cultura e o mundo contemporâneo, através da retomada da trajetória intelectual e do ensinamento filosófico de José Américo Pessanha, personalidade marcante do nosso meio acadêmico e intelectual no período conturbado que teve início na década de sessenta e cujas ideias são a expressão da relativização da noção verdade, uma característica predominante na sociedade atual.

Este artículo sostiene la tesis según la cual la fenomenología se puede comprometer con una ontología realista. El artículo da básicamente tres pasos para argumentar esto: (1) revisar los argumentos que sostienen la tesis de que la fenomenología al ser correlacionista está más próxima a un idealismo que a un realismo; (2) revisar los argumentos que sostienen que la fenomenología al ejecutar la epojé implica una neutralidad ontológica; y (3) construir argumentos que demuestren que la fenomenología es más cercana a un realismo ontológico y, por ende, la fenomenología no es ni idealista ni neutral ontológicamente.

Este trabajo trata de mostrar la evolución de la regulación de la esfera pública en los Estados Unidos durante el siglo XX, desde la perspectiva del derecho a la libertad de expresión. Este derecho, consagrado en la primera enmienda a la Constitución estadounidense, ha sido objeto de un amplio tratamiento, por lo que el recorrido por el mismo muestra los cambios en la interpretación de su dimensión social. Particularmente, permite situar la problemática y contextualizarla en el marco de los cambios en la esfera pública producidos a partir de los avances tecnológicos en la esfera de las telecomunicaciones. En este contexto, el examen de los presupuestos teóricos, jurídicos y pragmáticos de la regulación de la esfera pública sirve de base para reflexionar acerca de cómo aproximarnos a los retos del siglo XXI.

RESUMO Este artigo enfoca a tese do pluralismo, proposta por Caldwell como uma metodologia adequada para a Economia. Ele compara o pluralismo e a posição defendida por Neville Keynes há 100 anos, quando a Economia passava por um período igualmente difícil de sua história, caracterizado por um conflito entre linhas de pensamento antagônicas.

A chegada ao poder de governantes com características populistas-autoritárias somente é possível a partir do apoio de eleitores identificados com seus discursos e práticas. Por isso, neste artigo averiguamos o impacto de atitudes em relação a elites políticas, minorias e imigrantes sobre a escolha eleitoral para presidente no Brasil (2018), no Chile (2017), na Costa Rica (2018), no Uruguai (2019) e nos Estados Unidos (2016). Utilizamos dados pós-eleitorais de opinião pública do módulo 5 do Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES). Operacionalizamos as variáveis a partir da construção de escalas de antielitismo e de pluralismo e adotamos a percepção da corrupção como parte do fenômeno de rejeição às elites políticas. Encontramos que o (anti)pluralismo foi um melhor preditor do voto nessas eleições em relação ao antielitismo e à corrupção, sugerindo que a disputa entre valores mais e menos liberais-progressistas esteve no centro do debate político em todos os países estudados.

A máxima zapatista “por um mundo onde caibam muitos mundos” ressoa entre movimentos e acadêmicos, especialmente aqueles envolvidos na defesa das autonomias, da justiça climática e do pluriverso. Experimentamos, nesse artigo, pensar tal máxima a partir de etnografia realizada com educadores zapatistas tzotzil no Caracol de Oventic, articulando os “muitos mundos” no zapatismo. As Declarações zapatistas chamam para a composição nas diferenças, unindo a autonomia local à crítica anticapitalista e abrem possibilidades de uma reinvenção metafísica das práticas que habilitam o Antropoceno. Há um deslocamento de alguns termos chaves - como palavras, mundo, verdade - e de outros que são caros às filosofias políticas do ocidente - como trabalho, capitalismo, humano. O mundo do poderoso é um mundo falso, que enfraquece e tira o lugar de outros mundos e palavras verdadeiras. O mundo de muitos mundos não deve ser uma propriedade ou recurso, mas um lugar ao qual os seres verdadeiros (humanos e outros que humanos) pertencem.

Despite the common use of the concept of emergence, no uncontroversial theoretical framework has been yet formulated in this regard. In this paper, I examine what this circumstance suggests about the significance and usefulness of this concept. I first trace a brief history of the notion of emergence from its first formulation among the British Emergentists to its contemporary uses. Then, I outline its most common features and examine three examples of emergent phenomena, namely particle decay, free will, and division of labour in ant colonies. These three cases of emergence exhibit different features and imply criteria which only partially overlap. I then suggest that the multiplicity of features and criteria recognised as defining emergence, rather than being a threat to the tenability of the concept, should encourage the assumption of a pluralist attitude that is consistent with both the employment of this idea in different sciences and the recognition of emergent phenomena across different levels of organisation. Finally, I propose that emergence can be approached in a similar way to how Richard Boyd approached the problem of natural kinds, namely by identifying an open cluster of properties, rather than a set of necessary and sufficient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I revisit and extend my arguments for a view of science that is pluralistic, perspectival and pragmatist. I attempt to resolve mismatches between metaphysical assumptions, epistemological desiderata, and scientific practice. I consider long-held views about unity of science and reduc-tionism, emergent properties and physicalism, exceptionless necessity in explanatory laws, and in the justification for realism. My solutions appeal to the partiality of representation, the perspectivism of theories and data, and the interactive co-construction of warranted claims for realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Una de las principales discusiones en los estudios organizacionales tiene que ver con su objeto de estudio y con su demarcación frente a otros campos. Un grupo importante de autores en Latinoamérica sostiene que existe una diferencia entre este campo y la teoría organizacional, la cual se refleja, entre otros aspectos, en que cada uno tiene un objeto particular de estudio. Este artículo sostiene, por el contrario, que, aunque la denominación estudios organizacionales es más reciente, en realidad designa el mismo campo de conocimiento que tradicionalmente ha sido identificado con el nombre de teoría organizacional y que tiene como objeto el estudio de las organizaciones. Para desarrollar esta tesis, el texto analiza críticamente los trabajos que afirman la existencia de distinciones entre la teoría organizacional y los estudios organizacionales. A continuación, desarrolla, citando evidencia documental, tres argumentos que buscan demostrar que se trata en realidad de un solo campo de conocimiento. Finalmente, hace una reflexión sobre la importancia de construir un pluralismo teórico, epistemológico y metodológico para el estudio de las organizaciones.

The audiences of generalist television’s newscasts reflect that the viewers’ interests and loyalties are constantly changing. Research shows that several elements influence the success of programs and formats, but in this paper, we draw attention to the factors that determine the credibility of newscasts. We also want to know how pluralism is safeguarded in newscasts, as we consider that credibility and pluralism are two intertwined values that influence one another. As credibility is a subjective value, it is required to find new information criteria that is suitable and of the utmost rigor. The main aim is to delve into whether there is a consensus on the basic parameters for the definition, identification, and assessment of credibility of nationwide public service media in Spain. Moreover, we are also interested in whether audience figures can be used to determine the degree of trust of newscasts. The analysis brings forward the observations of researchers, scholars and media professionals that offer a vision on the different approaches that integrate the multiple aspects affecting news consumption and interpretation. We conclude that credibility is a concept composed of multidimensional components, resulting from a process where different filters condition fact perception. That is why a story can have different meanings, related to the different point of views of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los argumentos mediante los cuales la Corte Constitucional de Colombia ha fallado en contra de integrantes de la Iglesia Testigos de Jehová, quienes se niegan a realizar «actos cívicos» por considerarlos como «adoración». Para la Corte, dicha interpretación es inadmisible, por lo cual señala la necesidad de distinguir lo religioso y lo cívico, al mismo tiempo que reafirma la importancia de participar en actos «de amor y veneración a la patria». Mediante una metodología cualitativa, los argumentos esgrimidos por el alto tribunal son analizados a la luz de recientes teorías de las ciencias sociales sobre la religión y la secularización. Se concluye que los fallos de la Corte, basados en una cuestión semántica aparentemente anodina, reflejan concepciones obsoletas y muy debatibles sobre la religión y la secularidad, al igual que evidencian inesperadas limitaciones a la libertad religiosa y demuestran la imposición de una cosmovisión estatal. Todo ello permite cuestionar el carácter secular y pluralista del Estado colombiano.

A partir de una selección de manuales de sociología de las religiones publicados en las últimas décadas, la presente nota de investigación explora las claves analíticas y los paradigmas de la disciplina en la actualidad. El debate sobre la secularización, las problemáticas en torno al concepto ‘religión’ y la emergencia de nuevas pers­pectivas constituyen los tres ejes a partir de los que exploraremos las ideas fundamentales de los manuales seleccionados. La necesidad de definición del fenómeno religioso a partir de la expe­riencia vivida y cotidiana y la reducción a mínimos de las categorías de estudio constituyen dos de los consensos básicos entre las distintas perspectivas de sociología de las religiones, cuyo debate continúa girando esencialmente en torno al cuestionamiento sobre la secularización.

Recently, pluralism in economics has been the subject of multiple epistemological and methodological debates. This document proposes to distinguish different types of pluralisms and criticize them. The work of the Turkish economist Dani Rodrik serves as a paradigmatic model to explain and criticize pluralisms. These two types of pluralism in contemporary economics are referred to as "pluralist monism" and "pragmatist pluralism". It is argued that these types of pluralisms try to dissolve the great debates in economics between different methods and approaches through a horizontal understanding of economics. Finally, it is reflected upon what is required to lay the foundations for a genuinely pluralistic spirit in the discipline, which must be resistant to external pressures and can survive with different theories and research programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The media industry in Brazil, highly concentrated, usually characterizes itself by the homogeneity of frame. Moreover, vehicles linked to large media corporations and with the largest audiences tend to reflect the views of a minority and do not always follow good journalism standards. During the Lula and Dilma governments, between 2003 and 2016, the ideological radicalization of media discourse paved the way for the so-called progressive blogs. Even though they counted with limited resources, they sought to provide a counterpoint to the mainstream media, ensuring some pluralism, offering alternative views, and monitoring their performance. Between progressive blogs and hegemonic media was thus established a frame contest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)