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Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a valuable image-guidance tool in radiation therapy (RT). This study was initiated to assess the accuracy of CBCT for quantifying non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumour volumes compared to the anatomical 'gold standard', CT. Tumour regression or progression on CBCT was also analysed.Methods: Patients with Stage I-III NSCLC, prescribed 60 Gy in 30 fractions RT with concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy, routine CBCT and enrolled in a prospective study of serial PET/CT (baseline, weeks two and four) were eligible. Time-matched CBCT and CT gross tumour volumes (GTVs) were manually delineated by a single observer on MIM software, and were analysed descriptively and using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression (R2 ).Results: Of 94 CT/CBCT pairs, 30 patients were eligible for inclusion. The mean (± SD) CT GTV vs CBCT GTV on the four time-matched pairs were 95 (±182) vs 98.8 (±160.3), 73.6 (±132.4) vs 70.7 (±96.6), 54.7 (±92.9) vs 61.0 (±98.8) and 61.3 (±53.3) vs 62.1 (±47.9) respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99, ρ < 0.001). The mean (±SD) CT/CBCT Dice's similarity coefficient was 0.66 (±0.16). Of 289 CBCT scans, tumours in 27 (90%) patients regressed by a mean (±SD) rate of 1.5% (±0.75) per fraction. The mean (±SD) GTV regression was 43.1% (±23.1) from the first to final CBCT.Conclusion: Primary lung tumour volumes observed on CBCT and time-matched CT are highly correlated (although not identical), thereby validating observations of GTV regression on CBCT in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Purpose Methods Results Conclusion The conventional lying down position for radiation therapy can be challenging for patients due to pain, swallowing or breathing issues. To provide an alternative upright treatment position for these patients, we have developed a portable rotating radiation therapy platform which integrates with conventional photon treatment machines. The device enables cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging of patients in an upright position, and the future delivery of therapeutic radiation.To design, manufacture, and test a device for upright radiation therapy. A collaborative partnership between physicists, engineers, radiation therapists, radiation oncologists, implementation researchers and consumers was established, to create a device that meets both the clinical and technical requirements of upright radiation therapy. The device is central to a clinical trial (ACTRN12623000498695) which will evaluate upright image quality in the context of future image guided radiation therapy for patients with lung cancer or head and neck cancer.The weight and physical constraints of the device were assessed with respect to the American civilian population. The final design was evaluated with a series of tests to characterize the angular accuracy of the platform rotation and the reproducibility of the platform setup position in a radiation treatment room. To acquire an upright CBCT, the platform movement system was synchronized to the kilo‐voltage fluoroscopic imaging on an existing treatment machine. The accuracy of the synchronization was evaluated by assessing the positional reproducibility of upright CBCT imaging of a chest phantom.The platform has a weight limit of up to 125 kg which is suitable for approximately 90% of males and 95% of females. The platform has physical constraints that accommodate approximately 95.6% of males and 99.6% of females: a maximum seated height of 97.5 cm, a maximum hip breadth of 63.0 cm, and maximum elbow to knuckle length of 46.5 cm. The angular accuracy of the motion system is within ±0.15° over a full rotation, which is within the guidelines for machine movement accuracy in radiation therapy (1 mm/1°). The platform is a portable device and can be reproducibly positioned in a radiation therapy treatment room with a translational range within ±0.04 mm and a rotational range within ±0.025°. The CBCT imaging can reproducibly detect the position of a chest phantom with a translational uncertainty of ±0.07 mm and a rotational uncertainly of ±0.22°, when imaging is acquired following a strict procedure.The upright radiation therapy platform is suitable for the evaluation of CBCT imaging in the context of image guided radiation therapy. The platform will allow the investigation of open questions in upright radiation therapy in the areas of patient experience, positional stability, anatomical changes, and treatment delivery. Improvements to the materials in the radiation beam line, synchronization with the existing treatment machine, and increasing the device weight limit are suggested prior to delivery of future upright treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]