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The purpose of systematic review was to assess the incidence of blood-borne infections in oncohematological patients in the period from 1980 to 2020 in different countries of the world, including in main oncohematological clinical groups of patients, assessment of the dynamics of the prevalence of blood-borne infections in the high-risk group after implementation of blood transfusion safety measures. An analysis of the data of the systematic review showed a high incidence of patients with oncohematological diseases in the period from 1980 to 2020: HCV – 8.2%, HBV (total markers) – 14.7% (HBsAg – 10.8%), HIV – 0.4 %. Middle levels of HCV and HBV infection in patients in the period from 2009 to 2017 exceeded the infection levels of the population in 2015 by 3.9 and 1.6 times, respectively. The prevalence of HIV was 1.16 times lower. According to the data of individual countries, the incidence of HCV among oncohematological patients is 1.3-118 times higher than the population, HBV – 0.4-73.5 times. The prevalence of HBsAg among children with oncohematological diseases was 18.3% and exceeded the same level among adult patients (7.1%) by 2.6 times. The prevalence of HBsAg among children with oncohematological diseases before 2000 was 14.8% and exceeded the prevalence of HBsAg among the child population before 2000 by 3 times, after 2000 – 20.5% and exceeded that among the child population by 16 times. The introduction of screening of blood donors has significantly reduced the incidence of patients at risk. Prior to the introduction of screening, the level of HCV infection among oncohematological patients was 35.7%, after the introduction of screening it was 5.2%, which is 7 times less. The level of HBV infection in the pre-screening period was 41.3%, after the introduction of screening – 5.9%, which is also 7 times less. During the course of treatment of oncohematological diseases or after its completion, the infection of patients with HCV is 7.7 times higher, HBV – 4.2 times higher, compared with infection at the stage of diagnosis or start of treatment. The level of HCV and HBV infection in patients with hematological malignancies exceeded that in patients with solid tumors by 1.8 times, both in the case of HCV and HBV. The conducted analysis emphasizes the urgency of the problem of nosocomial transmission of blood-borne infections, which is actively realized among patients at risk.

Objective. To analyze the incidence of HCV in patients of the «Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology» (Center), to compare with the overall population incidence of HCV, to identify risk factors and risk groups of HCV infection in the Center’s patients. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the HCV incidence of HCV patients of the Center who were admitted to the Center between 01.07.2014 and 31.12.2020 was carried out. The study included patients aged 0 to 18 years, from all regions of the country, who had previously received therapy at their place of residence. Patient profile: hematological, oncological, immunological and surgical. The indications for testing for HCV were: hospitalization at the Center, stay at the center for 4–6 months, clinical indications. To assess risk factors and identify risk groups for HCV incidence, the main epidemiological aspects (age, sex, disease characteristics, geographical prevalence) were analyzed. Results. The incidence of HCV in the Center’s patients was 1.7%, which is 5 times higher than the incidence of the entire population of the country, and 50 times higher than that of the pediatric population. The highest incidence rate was observed in children aged 1 to 2 years – 2.8%. When comparing the risks of infection of the Center’s patients with the children's population of the country in age groups under 1 year, from 1 to 14 years, and from 14 to 19 years, an excess of 29, 24 and 9 times was revealed, respectively. When analyzing nosological forms, it was found that the highest HCV incidence was in patients with primary immunodeficiencies – 3.2%, while in patients with malignant neoplasms – 1.8%. The region with the highest prevalence of HCV in our study was the Far Eastern Federal District (9%), namely the Amur Region (14%). Conclusions. Thus, the morbidity of patients with oncological and hematological profiles and patients with primary immunodeficiencies clearly demonstrates the problem of implementing the artificial mechanism of HCV transmission, which requires taking measures regarding the safety of invasive manipulations.