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The molluscan fauna of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia is poorly known due to the lack of focused collection areas in the region since the early 20th century. The present study provides an inventory of the terrestrial gastropods from a forest fragment in the eastern Acre state, Brazil: the Humaitá Forest Reserve (“Reserva Florestal Humaitá”). Live specimens and empty shells were collected between August 2018 and January 2019. A total of 20 species were identified, distributed in 11 families. Most (13) of these species were recorded in Acre for the first time. Furthermore, we confirm the occurrence of Systrophia helicycloides (d’Orbigny, 1835) in Brazil, reiterate the synonymy of Plekocheilus pentadinus (d’Orbigny, 1835) with P. floccosus (Spix in Wagner, 1827), and synonymize Solaropsis peruviana Haas, 1951 with S. juruana Ihering, 1905.

© Abraham S.H. Breure, Rafael Araujo. Among the historical collection gathered by the ‘Comisión Científica del Pacífico’ during 1862–1865, type material was found of one of the species described on the basis of the material collected shortly afterwards. Inspection of the types revealed that only one specimen may be considered as type material of Bulimus aristaceus Crosse, 1869; this specimen is now designated as the lectotype. The other specimens are described as a new species, Plekocheilus (P.) cecepeus.

breweri, Plekocheilus Breure & Schl��gl, 2010 Plekocheilus (Eurytus) breweri Breure & Schl��gl, 2010: 57���58 (figs 2D���2G, 3C���D, 4B���4F). Gastropoda, Orthalicidae Paratypes (2 spc): MZSP 92471. Locality: Venezuela, Bol��var, Chimant�� Massif, Cur��-tepui, 05��16'44.9" N, 62��00'56.35" W, 2405 m depth (type locality), Feb. 2009. Collector: J. Sch��gl. Preservation: Dry., Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125, {"references":["Breure A. S. H. & Schlogl J. 2010. Additional notes on Orthalicidae from Chimanta massif, Venelzuelan Guayana, with descriptions of new species of Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 2416: 51 - 60."]}

vlceki, Plekocheilus Breure & Schl��gl, 2010 Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) vlceki Breure & Schl��gl, 2010: 52���54 (figs 2A���C, 3A, 3B, 4A). Gastropoda, Orthalicidae Paratype: MZSP 92470. Locality: Venezuela, Bolivar State, Chimant�� Massif, Chur��-tepui, Sima Northwest, 2100 m altitude (type locality), Feb. 2009. Collector: J. Schl��gl. Preservation: Dry., Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125, {"references":["Breure A. S. H. & Schlogl J. 2010. Additional notes on Orthalicidae from Chimanta massif, Venelzuelan Guayana, with descriptions of new species of Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 2416: 51 - 60."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) camaritagua spec. nov. (Figs 14 D, 18 A���B) Diagnosis. Shell globose, with flat whorls and hardly to not impressed suture, that descends slightly in front. Color pattern with dark brown, oblique streaks, bordered with a narrow, yellowish ���shadow.��� Sculptured with a fine granulation arranged in spirals. Description. Shell 57 mm, 1.5 times longer than wide, imperforate, sides hardly convex, rather solid. Color pale yellowish-brown with darker lines of the same color along the growth striae, crossed by reddish-brown, oblique streaks, showing some zigzags especially on the upper part of the last whorl, and bordered by a narrow, yellowish ���shadow;��� upper whorls lighter, eroded. Surface not shining, upper whorls with growth striae, on the last whorls with spiral lines of dot-like granulation, especially visible on the dorsal side of the last whorl. Protoconch eroded. Whorls 3.9, very flat, the last whorl approx. 0.9 times total height, suture not or hardly impressed, slightly descending in front. Aperture ovate, somewhat ear-shaped, 1.8 times longer than wide, 0.72 times the total length; peristome thin and hardly reflexed, pinkish (faded). Columellar margin straight, entering the aperture with a weak fold, hardly dilated and somewhat receding. Parietal wall with a thin callus. Dimensions in mm: Holotype H 57, D 37.5, HA 41, WA 23.5, LW 52, 3.9 whorls. Type locality. Colombia, Amazonas, Corregimiento La Pedrera [1 �� 20 ��S 69 �� 35 ��W, 80 m], Resguardo Ind��gena de Camaritagua, towards El Francisco. Type material. Holotype (ICNB), J. Cort��s leg./ 2004. Remarks. Although the shell is somewhat worn, its characteristics separate it from all other Plekocheilus (Eurytus) species. It may be compared to P. (E.) fusitorsus (Oberwimmer, 1931) from which it differs by (1) having a shorter spire; (2) a less impressed suture; (3) a less expanded lip. It may also be compared to P. (E.) coloratus (Nyst, 1845) which, however, (1) has the whorls more convex; (2) has a larger angle of the attachment of the lip to the body whorl; (3) has the spire more pointed. Finally, this new species may be compared to P. (E.) tepuiensis Breure, 2009, from which it differs in (1) having a different, more brownish color, with the yellowish ���shadow��� pattern; (2) having a less pointed spire; (3) having a different height/number of whorls ratio. The only known (possibly subadult) shell, the holotype, was found in SE Colombian rainforest, where snail collecting for scientific purposes has been very limited. According to the label, indigenous people use the mucus of these snails for scrubbing their skin. The color pattern appears to be similar to both the yellow trait specimens of P. coloratus from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and to P. fusitorsus (Oberwimmer, 1931) from Venezuelan Guayana. Etymology. This very distinctive species is named after the Camaritagua, indigenous people of the region where it was found. The epithet is used as a noun in apposition., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Nyst, H. (1845) Description de deux Bulimes nouveaux de la Colombie. Bulletin de l'Academie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 12 (1), 227 - 229, pl.","Breure, A. S. H. (2009) New Orthalicidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Venezuelan Guayana: unravelling secrets from the Lost World. Zootaxa, 2065, 25 - 50."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) dalmasi (Dautzenberg, 1900) (Figs 9 C, 10 V ���W) Plecochilus dalmasi Dautzenberg 1900: 151, pl. 9 fig. 1. No type locality given. Lectotype RBINS /MT 668 (Breure 2011). Plekocheilus dalmsi [sic] Dautzenberg; Richardson 1995: 308 (references). Material. ?Magdalena/La Guajira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, leg./ 1896: RBINS; Boyac��, km 61.5 road Soacha���La Punta, 6 km E Los Pinos, Alto de Granados, P��ramo de Pisva [sic, Pisba], 3620 m, Cleef leg./ 14.vi. 1972: RMNH. Remarks. Breure (1978) located the type material, of which one specimen is figured here. The specimen from P��ramo de Pisba is tentatively referred to this species. This locality forms part of the Cocuy area, which is known for its endemics (see also Breure 2008) and is phytogeographically related to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Cleef, pers. comm.). The single shell in the lot from P��ramo de Pisba (RMNH) lacks the upper whorls (due to fracture) and shows traces of oblique chestnut-brown color streaks on a golden-brown ground color. The white lip is characteristic in all material examined., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Dautzenberg, P. (1900) Croisieres du yacht Chazalie dans l'Atlantique. Mollusques. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 13, 145 - 156, pl. 9 - 10.","Breure, A. S. H. (2011) Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Sciences, Brussels, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys, 101, 1 - 50.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255."]}

Group of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) pulicarius Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (E.) pulicarius, P. (E.) labiosus and P. (E.) piperitus., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) subglandiformis (Mousson, 1873) (Figs 9 C, 10 L���N) Bulimus subglandiformis Mousson 1873: 6. Type locality: Colombia, Bogot��. Lectotype ZMUZ 511633 (Breure 1976). Plekocheilus subglandiformis (Mousson); Richardson 1995: 321 (references, synonymy); Neubert and Janssen 2004: 230, pl. 1 fig. 2; Simone, 2006: 150, fig. 506. Material. Antioquia, Sons��n, Wallis leg.: SMF 21603 (ex W. Kobelt); Frontina [Frontino] (ZMUZ 233 [sic = 511632, see remarks]) (Simone, 2006);?Cundinamarca, ���Bogota���: ZMUZ 511633.?, U.S. of Colombia: USNM 316120 (ex Henderson Colln, ex Evezard Colln); Columbia: ZMUZ 511631 (not seen). Remarks. The specimen pictured by Neubert and Janssen (2004) does not show the characteristic marbled band below the suture, consisting of brown spots that fade into yellowish; these yellowish spots may continue in waving, axial bands. If the ZMUZ and SMF specimens originate from the same series, which Neubert and Janssen consider ���very probable,��� the specimens in SMF could be regarded as paralectotypes. However, it should be noted that their specimen is from ��� Antigua [sic, most probably Antioquia], Sons��n,��� while Mousson���s specimen in ZMUZ is labelled with ���Bogota.��� Also, Breure���s (1976) statement of a ���unique specimen ZMUZ 511633 ��� is in error, for two reasons: (1) we have a file of material at ZMUZ, listing three lots as P. subglandiformis (511631,��� Columbia;��� 511632, ��� Frontina ��� and 511633, ���Bogot����� [lectotype]); (2) Simone (2006: 150, fig. 506) shows two specimens from ZMUZ, the lectotype (cited in error as ZMUZ 233), and the specimen from Frontina (cited in error as ZMUZ 233). Mousson only mentions Bogot�� in his paper (Mousson 1873: 1), without giving further details on (other) localities in his description., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Mousson, A. (1873) Zweite Notiz uber einige von Herrn Gustav Wallis aus dem nordlichen Sud-Amerika zuruckgebrachte Mollusken. Malakozoologische Blatter, 21, 1 - 19.","Breure, A. S. H. (1976) Types of Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura) in the Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Zurich. In: Malacologische Opstellen. Backhuys, Rotterdam, 1 - 4, pls. 1 - 3.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Neubert, E. & Janssen, R. (2004) Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 84: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae (2), Orthalicidae, Placostylidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 133, 193 - 297.","Simone, L. R. L. (2006) Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil. EGB / Fapesp, Sao Paulo, 390 pp."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) piperitus (Sowerby I, 1837) (Figs 17 G���J) Bulimus piperitus Sowerby I 1837 (1832���1841): fig. 93. Type locality: [Peru, Dept. San Mart��n] Huallaga. Type material: not located. Richardson 1995: 318 (references). Material. Ecuador, Tungurahua, Rio Pastaza watershed, ex E. Doremus: DMNH 56470; ��� Ecuador:��� USNM 316099 (ex Henderson Colln, ex Evezard Colln, as P. piperitus roseolabrum), USNM 532641 (ex Fulton, as Eurytus piperitus roseolabrum). Brazil, Amazonas, Igarap�� Anib�� [Remarks. This species is known from northern Peru and northwestern Brazil (Ram��rez et al. 2003; Simone 2006), and was not mentioned under this name by Breure and Borrero (2008) for the Ecuadorian malacofauna. It may be restricted to lowlands (Huallaga is ~ 310m; ���Rio Pastaza watershed��� may refer to anywhere in a wide range of elevations). The date of Sowerby���s publication of P. piperitus was erroneously given as 1833 by Breure (1979). Recently, Petit (2009) has given a valuable overview on the main publications of the Sowerby family; from his paper the correct date (1837) can be extracted (see also Shaw 1909). Lots USNM 316099 and 532641 associate this species with Plekocheilus (E.) roseolabrum (E.A. Smith 1877), which is considered here as a distinct species from Ecuador., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Simone, L. R. L. (2006) Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil. EGB / Fapesp, Sao Paulo, 390 pp.","Ramirez, R., Paredes, C. & Arenas, J. (2003) Moluscos del Peru. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51 (Supplement 3), 225 - 284.","Breure, A. S. H. & Borrero, F. J. (2008) An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species. Zootaxa, 1768, 1 - 40.","Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215.","Petit, R. E. (2009) George Brettingham Sowerby I, II & III: their conchological publications and Molluscan taxa. Zootaxa, 2189, 1 - 218.","Shaw, H. O. N. (1909) On the dates of issue of Sowerby's \" Conchological illustrations, \" from the copy preserved in the Radcliffe Library, Oxford. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 8, 333 - 340.","Smith, E. A. (1877) Descriptions of new species of South American Helicidae in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877, 361 - 365."]}

Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) succineoides zilchi Breure, 1977 (Fig. 9 B) Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) zilchi Breure 1977: 260, figs 2, 21��� 22. Type locality: Dept. Boyac��, SW Labranza Grande, Quebrada Comijoque. Holotype SMF 245387. Plekocheilus zilchi Breure; Richardson 1995: 325 (references); Neubert & Janssen, 2004: 235, pl. 1 fig. 5. Material. Boyac��, SW Labranza Grande, Quebrada Comijoque (05�� 32 ' N 072�� 40 ' W, 2800 m, type locality).?, Bogot��: USNM 124663 (partim); UMMZ 242812 (Marsh Colln). Remarks. This taxon was differentiated by Breure (1977) using both conchological and anatomical characters. It occurs on the eastern escarpments of the Cordillera Oriental, ca. 90 km from the nearest record of the nominate subspecies., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Breure, A. S. H. (1977) Notes on Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), 5. On some collections from Colombia. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 257 - 270.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Neubert, E. & Janssen, R. (2004) Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 84: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae (2), Orthalicidae, Placostylidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 133, 193 - 297."]}

Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) veranyi (Pfeiffer, 1848) Bulimus veranyi Pfeiffer 1848 a: 230. Type locality: Venezuela, Edo. M��rida, Chachopo. Lectotype BMNH 1975297 (Breure 1978). Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) veranyi (Pfeiffer); Tello 1975: 201. Plekocheilus veranyi (Pfeiffer); Richardson 1995: 323 (references, synonymy; see remarks). Plekocheilus (Orcesiellus) succinoides [sic] (Petit); Tello 1975: 201. Bulimus scytodes Pfeiffer 1853: 256. Type locality: Andes of Colombia. Type material: not located. Material. Venezuela, Barinas, Serran��a de Santo Domingo, Jackson Colln, 3000 ft [~ 1000 m, in error?]: DMNH 148721, USNM 109523 (Gabaldon leg., 3000 m); M��rida, Chachopo: BMNH; between Chachopo and Timote, C. Beets leg./ 1953: RMNH; M��rida, Jackson Colln: DMNH 160801;?M��rida, Escorial Mountains, A. Gabaldon & sons leg.: USNM 206502 (8400 ft [~ 2520 m]), USNM 206504 (9600 ft [~ 2880 m]); Glorial: DMNH 141740; ���M��rida:��� UMMZ 147737 (ex Rolle); ���Menda��� (sic): UMMZ 147736, 242815;?Miranda, Caracas, ex M.L. Jaume: CMC C 13777.?, San Domingo: UMMZ 242814 (Marsh Colln), UMMZ 147735; ��� Venezuela:��� CMC C 11004 ���11006, USNM 109526; New Granada: ANSP 66405, ANSP 66408, BMNH (ex Cuming), ZMUZ 511641 [not seen], ZMUZ 511642 [not seen]. Altitudinal range. The localities reported here range between 2520 and 3000 m (see remarks). Remarks. The date of first publication mentioned by Richardson (1995) is erroneous. He cited ��� 1847 Philippi, Abbild. Beschr. neuer Conchyl. 3: 20, pl. 8 figs 5, 9 (1851)���. However, P. veranyi is mentioned on page 36, under the heading ��� Bulimus. Tab. VIII. Januar 1849.��� Thus the first valid publication was in Pfeiffer (1848 a). Of the taxa grouped under this species by Richardson (1995: 324), we consider P. cathcartiae and P. quadricolor to be distinct species. This species is very similar to P. delicatus, but differs in being decidedly smaller. Colombian material, labeled as P. veranyi, should all be considered P. delicatus. Two reasons lead us to believe that the altitude of DMNH 148721 (3000 ft) may be in error: (1) Another lot from the same location (USNM 109523) is clearly labeled with an elevation of 3000 meters; (2) All known species of the subgenus Aeropictus, similar to P. succineoides, are known only from high elevations, mainly p��ramo (i.e., 2500 m and above); if correct, 3000 ft would be by far the lowest elevation known for any species in this group, which we consider unlikely. We have been unable to trace the localities ���Glorial��� and ���Escorial Mountains;��� the latter, may refer to a location near P��ramo El Escorial (~ 3000 m), or near the town of El Escorial (~ 3100 m), both within the Sierra Nevada de M��rida. Tello (1975) included P. succinoides [sic] in his list of Venezuelan land snails (cf. Weyrauch), apparently as a misinterpretation of a portion of Weyrauch���s (1967) description of the subgenus Orcesiellus. Contrary to Tello (1975: 201), we consider it likely that the species mentioned from M��rida by this author is P. veranyi (Pfeiffer)., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Pfeiffer, L. (1848 a) Descriptions of nineteen new species of Helicea, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1847, 228 - 232.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255.","Tello, J. (1975) Catalogo de la Fauna Venezolana. VIII. Mollusca. Published by the author, Caracas, 599 pp.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

“ Plekocheilus ” victor (Pfeiffer, 1854) Remarks. This taxon, described as Bulimus victor from Antioquia, is listed by Breure and Schouten (1985) under the subfamily Orthalicinae (= family Orthalicidae sensu Breure et al. 2010). The affiliation of this taxon to Plekocheilus as used by Pilsbry (1895 [1895 –1896]) and Richardson (1995) is uncertain. It will be treated in a forthcoming paper in this series.

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) taylorianus (Reeve, 1848) (Figs 15 C���D) Bulimus taylorianus Reeve 1849: pl. 81 fig. 602. Type locality: Ecuador, near Quito, Chimborazo. Lectotype BMNH 1874.12. 11.271 (Breure 1978). Plekocheilus taylorianus (Reeve); Richardson 1995: (references, synonymy; see remarks). Material. Ecuador. Chimborazo, Mt. Chimborazo, 21424 ft [6424 m, in error], ex Evezard Colln ex Henderson Colln: USNM 316070; Cotopaxi, Sigchos, W Latacunga: DMNH 141642; Imbabura, Ibarra: DMNH 128769; Napo, Nachiyacu: DMNH 141669; Topo: DMNH 76772, DMNH 128672, DMNH 151005); Pastaza, Mera: FMNH 202059, DMNH 141649, DMNH 183697; Puyo: DMNH 141684; Pichincha: DMNH 141681; Milpe: UF 166225 [not seen], DMNH 141658; Mindo: DMNH 141664, UF 166226 (near Rio Blanco) [not seen]; Nanegal: EPN; Pacto: EPN; Pintag: EPN; Gualea: FMNH 61138, FMNH 31173, CM 106225 (A. Cousin leg./ 1898); Quito, Stearns Colln: UMMZ 13841.?, ��� Ecuador:��� CMC C 11056, CMC C 11057, FMNH 100722, RMNH.? ��� Peru,��� F.M. Hele leg.: UMMZ 147732. Remarks. The records available suggest that P. taylorianus is confined to Ecuador, but it may extend into northernmost Peru. K��hler (2007): 127, fig. 5 mentioned a paralectotype in Berlin (ZMB 112.722). However, the picture shown is a different species of Plekocheilus. The lots available do not have actual records of altitude, but several of the localities listed are in the ~ 2200���2890 m range. However, Archidona and Puyo are lower (605 and 950 m), and a wide range of altitudes exists around Mindo (1400���4780 m). The label of lot USNM 316070 is clearly in error as the maximum elevation of Mt. Chimborazo is 6310 m; it is likely that those specimens were collected at a much lower elevation in the foothills of Chimborazo., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Reeve, L. A. (1848 - 1850) Conchologia iconica: or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, 5. Monograph of the genus Bulimus. Reeve, Benham, and Reeve, London, 89 pls + legend., i - xi.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Kohler, F. (2007) Annotated type catalogue of the Bulimulinae (Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea, Bulimulidae) in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 83, 125 - 159."]}

Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) fulminans (Nyst, 1843) (Figs 7 D���E) Bulimus fulminans Nyst 1843: 261, pl. 7 fig. 1. Type locality: Venezuela, Est. Sucre. Lectotype RBINS /MT 2351 (Breure 2011). Plekocheilus fulminans (Nyst); Richardson 1995: 312 (references). Material. ?, ��� Columbia,��� Thorey leg.: ANSP 328096. Venezuela, Sucre, Cuman��: DMNH 76763, USNM 307543; Angostura: CMC C 10997. ��� Venezuela:��� CMC C 10733, CMC C 10734, UMMZ 147716 (G.A. Lathrop leg.). Guyana, Mt. Roraima: UMMZ 147717 (ex Linter, ex Tomlin). Remarks. According to Abbott (1989) and Haas (1955), this species has a wide distribution throughout Venezuela and northeastern Colombia. However, we have not seen any specimens from Colombia that can unambiguously be attributed to this taxon. The specimen from ANSP figured here matches the figure from Nyst (1843) quite well. Altitude data have been reported only for P. fulminans linterae (Sowerby III, 1890) and P. fulminans alticola (Haas, 1955) from the highlands in Venezuelan Guayana (see Breure 2009). The only other specific locality known, for the nominate form, is Cuman�� (near sea level), which might not be the actual collection locality (see also the general remark in the introduction). Breure and Schl��gl (2010) discussed the relationships between the nominate taxon and the taxa from Venezuelan Guayana., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Nyst, H. (1843) Notice sur deux coquilles colombiennes du genre Bulimus. Memoires du Societe royale de Sciences, Liege, 1, 261 - 262, pl. 7.","Breure, A. S. H. (2011) Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Sciences, Brussels, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys, 101, 1 - 50.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Abbott, R. T. (1989). Compendium of Landshells. American Malacologists Inc., Melbourne, Florida, 240 pp.","Haas, F. (1955) On some small collections of inland shells from South America. Fieldiana, Zoology, 34, 361 - 387.","Breure, A. S. H. (2009) New Orthalicidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Venezuelan Guayana: unravelling secrets from the Lost World. Zootaxa, 2065, 25 - 50.","Breure, A. S. H. & Schlogl, J. (2010) Additional notes on Orthalicidae from the Chimanta massif, Venezuelan Guayana, with descriptions of new species of Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828. Zootaxa, 2416, 51 - 60."]}

Subgenus Plekocheilus (Eurytus) Albers, 1850 Type species by subsequent designation (Albers 1860): Helix pentadina d���Orbigny, 1835. Distribution. West Indies (St. Lucia, St. Vincent), Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama. Remarks. In the last comprehensive revision of this genus, Pilsbry (1895 [1895 ���1896]) divided this subgenus into seven groups of species. His grouping was based solely on shell morphology and mainly used shape, surface sculpture, columellar fold, expansion of peristome and suture of last whorl to differentiate among species. Anatomical data have been presented for relatively few of the more than 60 taxa known in this subgenus (Breure 1978, 2009; Breure & Schl��gl 2010). Our grouping is thus based mainly on shell morphology, supplemented by the sparse anatomical data available for Colombian species. An additional comment on ecological settings where species of Eurytus occur is warranted. Based on ecological information then available, Breure (1979) suggested that two groups of species may be distinguished within this subgenus, namely a group that lives mainly in rain forest at altitudes of up to circa 1000 m, and a second group of species that live mainly in montane forest at altitudes of circa 1250���3500 m. We continue to adhere to this view, but have chosen to provide this information under each species when available, rather than providing a listing by elevation. Further, a number of species are still known only from the type collections, often without precise locality data., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Albers, J. C. (1860) Die Heliceen nach naturlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet, 2 Ausgabe (ed. E. von Martens). Engelmann, Leipzig, xviii + 359 pp.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1895 - 1896) Manual of Conchology, (2) 10. American Bulimi and Bululimuli. Strophocheilus, Plekocheilus, Auris, Bulimulus. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, iv + 213 pp, 51 pls.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255.","Breure, A. S. H. (2009) New Orthalicidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Venezuelan Guayana: unravelling secrets from the Lost World. Zootaxa, 2065, 25 - 50.","Breure, A. S. H. & Schlogl, J. (2010) Additional notes on Orthalicidae from the Chimanta massif, Venezuelan Guayana, with descriptions of new species of Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828. Zootaxa, 2416, 51 - 60.","Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) jucundus (Pfeiffer, 1855) Bulimus jucundus Pfeiffer 1855 c: 290. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia. Richardson 1995: 315 (references). Remarks. We have been unable to recognize this taxon in the material we have seen. The original figures suggest that it may prove to be a synonym of P. plectostylus (Pfeiffer, 1848). The location of the type is unknown., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Pfeiffer, L. (1855 c) Descriptions of fifty-seven new species of Helicea, from Mr. Cuming's collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1855, 286 - 298.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) tetensii (Dunker, 1875) (Figs 14 B, 16 N���R) Bulimus tetensii Dunker 1875: 29. Type locality: Colombia, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Type material: not located. Plekocheilus tetensii (Dunker); Richardson 1995: 319 (references). Material. Cesar, Rio Guatapur��, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: USNM 599530 (8000���9000 ft [~ 2400���2700 m], Carriker leg./ 1946, as Plekocheilus coloratus lamarckianus), USNM 599524, partim (12000 ft [~ 3600 m], as P. coloratus subplicatus), USNM 599525 (as P. coloratus subplicatus); La Guajira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, P��ramos de Macotama, 10000���15000 ft [~ 3000���4500 m], Carriker leg.: ANSP 151815; Cerro Pintado, Sierra de Perij��, 10300���10600 ft [~ 3090���3180 m], Carriker leg./ 1942, all as P. (E.) piperatoides: FMNH 62362; USNM 488807, USNM 488808 [Label indicates one specimen was collected at 9000 ft], MCZ 183872); Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, ���northern slope, above Pueblo vigio [Pueblo Viejo], 1400 m:��� ZMB 39226 [considered as topotypes by K��hler 2007: 127, fig. 6]; Magdalena, Cuchilla G��inue, Cleef et al. leg./ 1977, in p��ramo vegetation (Calamagrostis sp. dominant) (Breure 1977, 1984): RMNH (Filo Alto La Cumbre, 3700m), ICNB (3000 m). Altitudinal range. 1400���4500 m. If the material has been correctly labeled, this represents the highest elevation reported here for species of Plekocheilus and Dryptus. Remarks. We consider K��hler���s decision (2007) to regard specimens from Pueblo Viejo as topotypes as somewhat arbitrary, as there is no evidence that Dunker���s specimens originate from that specific locality. The specimens from Sierra de Perij��, Cerro Pintado are tentatively referred to this species, as they differ in being smaller and having the lip and parietal callus pink., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Dunker, W. (1875) Zwei neue Bulimi aus der Sierra Nevada (Columbia). Jahrbucher der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2, 220 - 221, pl. 6 figs. 1 - 4.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Kohler, F. (2007) Annotated type catalogue of the Bulimulinae (Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea, Bulimulidae) in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 83, 125 - 159.","Breure, A. S. H. (1977) Notes on Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), 5. On some collections from Colombia. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 257 - 270.","Breure, A. S. H. (1984) Survey of the land Mollusca of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. In: Hammen, T. van der & Ruiz, P. M. (eds.), Studies on Tropical Andean ecosystems, 2, La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia) Transecto Buritaca ─ La Cumbre. Cramer, Berlin / Stuttgart, pp. 487 - 500."]}

Group of Plekocheilus (P.) fulminans Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (P.) blainvilleanus, P. (P.) fulminans, P. (P.) loveni, and P. (P.) appuni., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) camaritagua spec. nov. (Figs 14 D, 18 A–B) Diagnosis. Shell globose, with flat whorls and hardly to not impressed suture, that descends slightly in front. Color pattern with dark brown, oblique streaks, bordered with a narrow, yellowish “shadow.” Sculptured with a fine granulation arranged in spirals. Description. Shell 57 mm, 1.5 times longer than wide, imperforate, sides hardly convex, rather solid. Color pale yellowish-brown with darker lines of the same color along the growth striae, crossed by reddish-brown, oblique streaks, showing some zigzags especially on the upper part of the last whorl, and bordered by a narrow, yellowish “shadow;” upper whorls lighter, eroded. Surface not shining, upper whorls with growth striae, on the last whorls with spiral lines of dot-like granulation, especially visible on the dorsal side of the last whorl. Protoconch eroded. Whorls 3.9, very flat, the last whorl approx. 0.9 times total height, suture not or hardly impressed, slightly descending in front. Aperture ovate, somewhat ear-shaped, 1.8 times longer than wide, 0.72 times the total length; peristome thin and hardly reflexed, pinkish (faded). Columellar margin straight, entering the aperture with a weak fold, hardly dilated and somewhat receding. Parietal wall with a thin callus. Dimensions in mm: Holotype H 57, D 37.5, HA 41, WA 23.5, LW 52, 3.9 whorls. Type locality. Colombia, Amazonas, Corregimiento La Pedrera [1 ° 20 ʹS 69 ° 35 ʹW, 80 m], Resguardo Indígena de Camaritagua, towards El Francisco. Type material. Holotype (ICNB), J. Cortés leg./ 2004. Remarks. Although the shell is somewhat worn, its characteristics separate it from all other Plekocheilus (Eurytus) species. It may be compared to P. (E.) fusitorsus (Oberwimmer, 1931) from which it differs by (1) having a shorter spire; (2) a less impressed suture; (3) a less expanded lip. It may also be compared to P. (E.) coloratus (Nyst, 1845) which, however, (1) has the whorls more convex; (2) has a larger angle of the attachment of the lip to the body whorl; (3) has the spire more pointed. Finally, this new species may be compared to P. (E.) tepuiensis Breure, 2009, from which it differs in (1) having a different, more brownish color, with the yellowish “shadow” pattern; (2) having a less pointed spire; (3) having a different height/number of whorls ratio. The only known (possibly subadult) shell, the holotype, was found in SE Colombian rainforest, where snail collecting for scientific purposes has been very limited. According to the label, indigenous people use the mucus of these snails for scrubbing their skin. The color pattern appears to be similar to both the yellow trait specimens of P. coloratus from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and to P. fusitorsus (Oberwimmer, 1931) from Venezuelan Guayana. Etymology. This very distinctive species is named after the Camaritagua, indigenous people of the region where it was found. The epithet is used as a noun in apposition.

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) species 2 (Fig. 18 C–D) Under the name P. lamarckianus Pfeiffer, we found two specimens (CMC C 10723 – 24) labelled “ Venezuela.” These specimens resemble closely a specimen pictured by Köhler (2007: fig. 5) as P. taylorianus from Ecuador. None of these specimens are P. taylorianus, and their identity remains unclear.

Subgenus Plekocheilus (Eudolichotis) Pilsbry 1896 Type species by original designation: Bulimus distortus Brugui��re, 1789. Distribution. West Indies (Grenada, Trinidad), Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Colombia, Panama., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Bruguiere, J. C. (1789 - 1792) Histoire naturelle des Vers, Tome premier. In: Encyclopedie methodique, ou par ordre de matiere, 11. Panckoucke, Paris, 1 e Partie, pp. i - xviii + 1 - 344 (1789), 2 e Partie, pp. 345 - 757 (1992)."]}

Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) guentheri (Sowerby III, 1892) comb. nov. (Figs 5 M���P, 9 A) Bulimus (Plekocheilus) guildingi Dohrn 1875: 306, pl. 10 figs 5���6. Type locality: ���Neu-Granada.��� Syntype ZMB 101709. Not Bulimus guildingi Pfeiffer, 1842. Bulimus guentheri Sowerby III 1892: 296, pl. 23 figs 7���8. Type locality: ��� U.S. of Colombia.��� Plekocheilus guentheri (Sowerby); Richardson 1995: 315 (references). Plekocheilus (Eurytus) ameghinoi Parodiz 1962: 451. New name for B. guildingi Dohrn, 1875 not Pfeiffer, 1842. Plekocheilus ameghinoi Parodiz; Richardson 1995: 302 (references, synonymy). Material. Antioquia/C��rdoba, Rio Esmeralda, Upper Rio Sin��, Carriker leg./ 1949: USNM 601774.?, ���U S Colombia:��� ANSP 104845, USNM 532640, USNM 532644 (ex Fulton, Chamberlain Colln). Remarks. Both the Rio Esmeralda and the Rio Sin�� run from northern Antioquia to C��rdoba; the reference to ���Upper Rio Sin����� suggests that the specific location is probably in the highlands of the border area between both departments in the Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo. This is the first precise locality for this species. Pilsbry (1901: 129) was the first to notice the homonymy of this species with Bulimus guildingi Pfeiffer, 1842; therefore he suppressed Dohrn���s name in favour of Sowerby���s. Later Parodiz (1962) introduced the name Plekocheilus (Eurytus) ameghinoi as a new name for P. guildingi (Dohrn), apparently unaware of Pilsbry���s action. K��hler (2007: 127, fig. 3) found three probable syntypes of Bulimus guildingi Dohrn (type locality: ���Neu Granada ���) in the Berlin museum., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Dohrn, H. (1875). Ueber einige von Herrn G. Wallis in Neugranada gesammelte Landconchylien. Jahrbucher der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2, 292 - 309, pl. 10.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Parodiz, J. J. (1962) New and little-known species of South and Central American land snails (Bulimulidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 113 (3462), 429 - 456, pls. 1 - 2.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1901 - 1902) Manual of Conchology (2) 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostominae; Cerionidae. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1 - 302, pls. 1 - 62.","Kohler, F. (2007) Annotated type catalogue of the Bulimulinae (Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea, Bulimulidae) in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 83, 125 - 159."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) labiosus spec. nov. (Figs 12 A, 18 H���I) Diagnosis. A medium-sized Plekocheilus (Eurytus) characterized by a very expanded and reflexed peristome, sculpture of fine longitudinal growth striae, and well defined columellar fold. Description. Shell 40.2 mm, about 1.63 times longer than wide, imperforate, ovate, sides strongly convex, relatively thick. Periostracum very thin, honey in color. Shell color pattern consisting of irregularly arranged light brown blotches, but these do not coalesce into a pattern. Surface (hardly) shining, sculptured with more or less regularly spaced, fine axial growth striae (37 to a centimeter in the ventral portion of the last whorl). Each stria consists of series of short sections or elongated granules, regularly interrupted by lower and shorter longitudinal sections, giving the impression that the striae are ���beaded,��� quite noticeable under magnification. The lower sections are also arranged in a uniform manner, so a spiral pattern of grooves is formed, only evident under magnification. This pattern is present in all sub-apical whorls, but is stronger in the body whorl. Protoconch partly eroded, but with what may be a granular sculpture, thus not inconsistent with that typical of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) (Breure 1979). Whorls 5.5, convex, more so the last whorl; suture simple, impressed, hardly descending, going up again before the attachment of the outer lip to the last whorl. Aperture sub-ovate, about 1.6 times as long as wide and about 0.69 times the total shell height; color within light brown, with a few irregular spots of the same color as those in the external coloration. Columellar margin straight initially, then bending to an angle of about 140 �� between the upper and lower portions; a well defined columellar fold is present midway. Peristome very expanded and reflexed, but not thickened; the widest portion approximately 1 / 6 of the aperture width. Parietal wall with a thin, white callus. Dimensions in mm: holotype H 40.2, D 24.7, HA 27.7, WA 17.2, LW 34.5, 5.5 whorls. Paratype H 74, D 43, HA 59.2, WA 33, LW 64.7, 5.5 whorls. Type locality. Colombia, Cundinamarca, Parque Nacional Chingaza, Embalse de Chuza [04�� 37 ���N 073�� 43 ���W], ~ 3100 m. Type material. Holotype UVZ 97034, C. Alvarez leg., ii. 1997. Paratype: UMMZ 13843, ��� Colombia,��� ex Stearns Colln. Remarks. This new taxon resembles P. (E.) pulicarius in general shape, size and sculpture. P. pulicarius exhibits a wide variation in coloration, the lighter forms being similar to P. labiosus. It is easily distinguishable from P. pulicarius in that P. labiosus has a considerably wider, more expanded peristome. The holotype is a partially worn shell, bleached mostly dorsally and laterally, lacking part of the periostracum. The paratype is in better condition, with the periostracum nearly complete, but lacks precise locality information. The paratype is substantially larger than the holotype, but the shape of the shells and ratios among the measurements presented above are remarkably similar. Describing this species on the basis of only two shells and a single locality is justified on the basis of the unique features exhibited by this new taxon. No other species of Plekocheilus from northwestern South America has a similar dramatically expanded and reflexed peristome, making it unique and novel. The type locality is not exactly precise, as the specimen was collected dead, presumably on the side of Embalse Chuza, and the elevation given is approximate. Plekocheilus (A.) succineoides co-occurs with P. labiosus at this general locality; this species has a wide distribution mainly in the Altiplano Cundi-Boyacense; the two species are easily separated by shape, sculpture and coloration. Ecology. The holotype was found ���between stones, with grasses and isolated trees.��� Etymology. labiosus (Latin), having large lips. The name refers to the remarkably expanded peristome of this species. The specific epithet is an adjective., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) gibbonius (Lea, 1838) (Figs 13 E���F, 14 A) Bulimus gibbonius Lea 1838: 85, pl. 23 fig. 99. Type locality: Colombia, between La Plata and Tocaima. Type material: not located (see remarks). Plekocheilus gibbonius (Lea); Richardson 1995: 312 (references, synonymy). Material. Antioquia, Frontina: ANSP 362091; La Ceja: UVZ 83013, USNM 518431 (Daniel leg., as P. ampullaroides Nyst); Boyac��, Muzo, Hno. Apolinar Mar��a leg.: MCZ 80477; Sogamoso: UF 166220 [not seen], DMNH 141726; Humbo: ANSP 166102 (H.A. Pilsbry & J.H. Ferriss leg./ 1922), DMNH 128663 (P. S��nchez leg./ 1935); Caldas, Marmato, ex Bland: MCZ 154021; Choc��, Pangala, ca. 40 km N of Palestina, Rio San Ju��n, Malkin leg./ 1972: FMNH 174879; Cundinamarca, Bogot��: FMNH 31074, FMNH 31113, UF 109851, UF 166221 [not seen], ZMUZ 511582 [not seen]), BMNH 1894.2. 28.4 (partim, Cuming Colln), CMC C 10787 (ex Fulton), CMC C 11080, USNM 532639, UMMZ 147721, UMMZ 242809 (Marsh Colln), DMNH 76770 (partim), DMNH 137441, DMNH 137441 (���from Da Costa���s collector,��� Jackson Colln), RMNH; ���Meta Dept., Bogot��:��� UF 22134 [not seen]; Fusagasug��, Hno. Apolinar Mar��a leg.: MCZ 136467; Las Mercedes, Municipio Sasaima, 1700���1800 m, E. Mutis leg./ 1958: FMNH 114049; La Mesa (San Javier), 1000���1100 m, Hern��ndez leg./ 1955: FMNH 114142; Los Alpes near El Rosario, W slope with forest, 1700 m, Hausdorf leg.: ZMH 4312; Cachipay: Finca El Porvenir, primary forest, 1600 m, Hausdorf leg./ 2000: ZMH 4302; Fusagasug��: ANSP 170739; Magdalena, Finca ���La Granja��� Cerro San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Medem et al. leg./ 1964: FMNH 187286, FMNH 187287, FMNH 187683; Ci��naga: CM 62.2565; Quind��o, ���Quenden Mts., Colombia ���[= Quind��o Mountains] (Abbott 1989); Santander, Los Santos, Creutzberg leg.: RMNH; Reme de San Gil [San Gil?], Hno. Apolinar Mar��a leg.: MCZ 192465; Tolima?, ���between La Plata and Tocaima��� (type locality);?, ��� Colombia:��� BMNH Reg. No. 1895.9. 30.1, 1899.1. 30.33, UMMZ 242805 (as P. coloratus). ���North Colombia,��� leg./ 1893: FMNH 411 (as P. coloratus lamarckianus). ��� New Granada:��� USNM 104909 (ex Gibbon, labeled as ��� type,��� see remarks), DMNH 150979 (partim, ex Walton), UMMZ 147720 (ex Rolle).?, ��� Bolivia ��� Ponsonby Colln: UMMZ 147719. Altitudinal range. Few actual elevation records, ranging 10���2460 m. Remarks. The type locality could be in the Rio Magdalena valley WSW of Tocaima, but doubt remains (see remarks under P. (P.) glandiformis). A specimen labeled as ��� Type ��� from Dr. Gibbon is in USNM (lot 104909). It has proven difficult to match it with the original illustration in Lea (1838: fig. 99). We found several specimens of this taxon in various museums, under the name of P. coloratus. This species has been reported from Brazil, without a precise locality (Simone 2006: 149). There are three places with the name ���Marmato��� in the GNS gazetteer, in Antioquia, Caldas and Cauca. We refer this to Caldas, given the fact that Pilsbry (1899: 206) cites ���Marmato and [...] Salamina,��� the latter place being in Caldas. In addition, Marmato in Caldas is the better known place; it lies in the valley of the Cauca river. ��� Bolivia ��� may refer to one of several populated places with that name in Colombia (see Remarks under P. (P.) glandiformis), since P. gibbonius is not known with certainty from localities outside of Colombia., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Lea, I. (1838) Descriptions of new freshwater and land shells. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 6, 1 - 154, pls. 1 - 24.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Abbott, R. T. (1989). Compendium of Landshells. American Malacologists Inc., Melbourne, Florida, 240 pp.","Simone, L. R. L. (2006) Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil. EGB / Fapesp, Sao Paulo, 390 pp."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) ampullaroides (Mousson, 1873) (Figs 12 B, 13 A) Bulimus ampullaroides Mousson 1873: 8. Type locality: Colombia, Bogot��. Lectotype ZMUZ 511584 (Breure 1976). Plekocheilus ampullaroides (Mousson); Richardson 1995: 303. Material. Antioquia, La Ceja: USNM 518431 (Daniel leg.), UVZ 83013; Cundinamarca, ���near Bogot��,��� Wallis leg./ 1872: ZMUZ 511584 (lectotype of ampullaroides Mousson, see Breure 1976); Meta, Villavicencio, ex Walton: DMNH 141730. Remarks. This is a poorly known species, which has been frequently associated with P. coloratus (see remarks under that taxon). The identification of lot DMNH 141730 remains in doubt, since it is based on a misshapen specimen., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Mousson, A. (1873) Zweite Notiz uber einige von Herrn Gustav Wallis aus dem nordlichen Sud-Amerika zuruckgebrachte Mollusken. Malakozoologische Blatter, 21, 1 - 19.","Breure, A. S. H. (1976) Types of Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura) in the Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Zurich. In: Malacologische Opstellen. Backhuys, Rotterdam, 1 - 4, pls. 1 - 3.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

Plekocheilus (Eudolichotis) midas (Albers, 1852) (Figs 19 I���K) Bulimus midas Albers 1852: 32. Type locality: Venezuela. Lectotype ZMB 41456 a (K��hler 2007: 128, fig. 7). Plekocheilus midas (Albers); Richardson 1995: 316 (references). Material. ?, Columbia, Cuming Colln: BMNH Acc. no. 1829; New Granada: ZMUZ 511698 [not seen]. Venezuela. Carabobo, Puerto Cabello: DMNH 75366, UMMZ 146773 (ex Rolle). Remarks. We consider this a Venezuelan species., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Albers, J. C. (1852) Diagnoses heliceorum novorum. Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 9, 30 - 32.","Kohler, F. (2007) Annotated type catalogue of the Bulimulinae (Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea, Bulimulidae) in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 83, 125 - 159.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) blainvilleanus (Pfeiffer, 1848) (Figs 7 A���C) Bulimus blainvilleanus Pfeiffer 1848 a: 230. Type locality: Venezuela, Est. M��rida, Jaj��. Type material: not located. Plekocheilus blainvilleanus (Pfeiffer); Richardson 1995: 305 (references). Material. ?, Colombia: ANSP 78579, UF 109839, UF 109840 (not seen), (Abbott 1989, Parkinson et al. 1987); ��� US of Colombia:��� CM 62.4695; New Granada: ANSP 25449. Venezuela, Aragua, El Portachuela [sic, El Portachuelo Pass, ~ 1130 m], Sierra de la Costa [= Cordillera de la Costa], A. Wetmore leg.: USNM 472358; Rancho Grande, Test leg./ 1951 ��� 52: UMMZ 191693; Carabobo, Puerto Cabello: DMNH 25582, DMNH 76767, USNM 90430. Venezuela, M��rida, Zaji [= Jaj��], ex T. Pain: NMW Z 1981.1. 118.03486.?, ��� Venezuela:��� CM 62.4696 (Hartman Colln, as P. blainvilleanus loveni), UMMZ 147702 (Wetherby Colln).?, ���South America:��� UMMZ 13837 (Stearns Colln). Remarks. The year of publication was erroneously given as 1847 by Richardson (1995); see remarks under P. veranyi. The type locality was given as ���Zaji, province of M��rida��� by Pfeiffer; this probably is a misspelling for Jaj��. The only confirmed localities range from near sea level (Puerto Cabello, ~ 49 m) to ~ 1780 m (elevation of the village of Jaj��, probably near the type locality). There is considerable confusion about this and the following species. Several authors have synonymized these taxa, due to the limited samples in collections (usually with very imprecise locality data) and the poorly understood variation. Moreover, the type material for P. blainvilleanus has not been located, making it difficult to solve this problem with the material at hand. Provisionally, we treat the two species as distinct; additional sampling and further anatomical and molecular studies are required. A topotype of P. blainvilleanus is figured here., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Pfeiffer, L. (1848 a) Descriptions of nineteen new species of Helicea, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1847, 228 - 232.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Abbott, R. T. (1989). Compendium of Landshells. American Malacologists Inc., Melbourne, Florida, 240 pp.","Parkinson, B., Hemmen, J. & Groh, K. (1987) Tropical landshells of the world. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 279 pp."]}

Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) appuni (Dunker, 1875) (Figs 7 I���K) Bulimus appuni Dunker 1875: 220, pl. 6 figs 1���2. Type locality: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Lectotype ZMB 111926 a (K��hler 2007: 127, fig. 1). Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) appuni (Dunker); Breure 1984: 490, 496. Plekocheilus appuni (Dunker); Richardson 1995: 302 (additional references). Material. La Guajira, Riohacha, Carriker leg./ 1914: ANSP 151814; Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, watershed between Rio Frio and Quebrada del P��ramo, 2875 m, in humid forest [selva andina], Cleef et al. leg./ viii. 1977: RMNH. ��� Colombia:��� ZMUZ 511590, ZMUZ 511591 (both not seen). Altitudinal range. The only precise locality is at 2875 m. Remarks. The material collected by Carriker probably originated from higher altitudes than Riohacha (which is at sea level), on the eastern side of the Sierra., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Dunker, W. (1875) Zwei neue Bulimi aus der Sierra Nevada (Columbia). Jahrbucher der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2, 220 - 221, pl. 6 figs. 1 - 4.","Kohler, F. (2007) Annotated type catalogue of the Bulimulinae (Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea, Bulimulidae) in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 83, 125 - 159.","Breure, A. S. H. (1984) Survey of the land Mollusca of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. In: Hammen, T. van der & Ruiz, P. M. (eds.), Studies on Tropical Andean ecosystems, 2, La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia) Transecto Buritaca ─ La Cumbre. Cramer, Berlin / Stuttgart, pp. 487 - 500.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) argenteus (Jousseaume, 1900) (Figs 10 T���U) Euritus argenteus Jousseaume 1900: 41, pl. 1 figs 20���21. Type locality: Venezuela, M��rida, 4000 m. Type material: not located. Plekocheilus argenteus (Jousseaume); Richardson 1995: 302 (references). Material. Venezuela, M��rida: USNM 532637 (ex Fulton), UMMZ 147698 (ex Fulton); P��ramo de Mucuch��es or Sierra de M��rida, above 10000 ft [~ 3000 m], E.P. de Bellard leg./ 1923: USNM 360616; Venezuela: RMNH (ex H. Fruhstorfer). Remarks. This taxon was classified as P. (Aeropictus) by Breure (1979), probably due to a comparison with P. veranyi by Pilsbry (1902). The type material has not been located, but the material examined by us fits the description, except that the lip is not roseate. The similarity between this and the previous species is striking and, although we refrain from synonymizing them now due to the paucity of material available, they may prove to be very closely allied if not identical., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Jousseaume, F. (1900) Mollusques terrestres: Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe philomathique de Paris (9) 2, 5 - 44, pl. 1.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) phoebus (Pfeiffer, 1863) Remarks. Studying the lectotype (BMNH 1975143), we noticed that the shape of the shell is unlike other Plekocheilus species. It has an acute spire with the nucleus of the protoconch sunken, the last whorl slightly angulated at the periphery and a bi-colored band below the suture. The protoconch is entirely smooth and it probably belongs to the Orthalicidae (sensu Breure et al. 2010)., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) piperatoides Pilsbry, 1901 (Figs 10 R���S) Plekocheilus piperatoides Pilsbry 1901: 132, pl. 21 fig. 66. Type locality: Colombia. Lectotype ANSP 263536 (Baker 1963); Richardson 1995: 318 (references). Material. ?, Colombia: BMNH (R. MacAndrew Colln), UMMZ 147725 (ex Rolle); ��� Columbia,��� Jos. James leg.: ANSP. Venezuela, M��rida, Mucuchies, Gavida, J. ��teffek leg./ 27.i. 2008: RMNH. ��� Venezuela:��� CMC C 10750, CMC C 10751. Remarks. No specific Colombian localities are known for this species, but occurrence in northeastern Colombia is likely. Despite the vague localities, the records available would suggest that this species may occur in the bor- der area between Venezuela and Colombia. The specimen from M��rida is the first precise locality of this species. See also remarks under the next taxon., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Pilsbry, H. A. (1901 - 1902) Manual of Conchology (2) 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostominae; Cerionidae. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1 - 302, pls. 1 - 62.","Baker, H. B. (1963) Type land snails in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Part II. Land Pulmonata, exclusive of North America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 115, 191 - 259.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) episcopalis corticosus (Sowerby III, 1895) (Figs 9 C, 10 D���G) Bulimus (Eurytus) corticosus Sowerby III 1895: 214, pl. 13 fig. 2. Type locality: Colombia, Bogot��. Lectotype BMNH 1907.11. 21.110 (Breure 1978). Plekocheilus corticosus (Sowerby); Richardson 1995: 307 (references, synonymy). Plectostylus apolinari Pilsbry 1935: 83, pl. 6 figs 1���2. Type locality: Colombia, region of Villavicencio. Holotype ANSP 164566. Material. Antioquia, Frontino: DMNH 141721 (ex M.L. Walton) [see remarks]; Cundinamarca, Monteredondo, 1370 m, P.I. Scheible leg./ 1960: FMNH 114075; Monteredondo, km 75 [sic, probably km 54] on road Bogot�����Villavicencio, Scheible & H. Frohmund leg./ 1961: FMNH 114165; Monteredondo, Scheible leg./1959, 1370 m: FMNH 114167; Bogot��: BMNH 1879.9.6.13- 14; Gachet��, A.P. Infante leg./ 2010; Meta, region of Villavicencio, Hno. Apolinar Mar��a leg.: ANSP; Pipiral [sic, = Piperal, km 73 road Bogot�����Villavicencio], V. Guevara leg./ 1933: DMNH 141724. Remarks. This taxon differs from P. e. episcopalis by having (1) a stronger columellar fold; (2) a relatively smaller aperture. Piperal is a small village on the road from Bogot�� to Villavicencio, 600���700 m elevation. Gachet�� is NE of Bogot��. All localities are on the eastern escarpments of the Cordillera Oriental. The specimen from Antioquia, Frontino is only tentatively referred to this taxon; it is the only record from the Cordillera Central for this species. Although elevations are not given in the labels, an altitudinal range of 450���1800 m may be inferred from the localities above., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Sowerby, G. B. III (1895) Descriptions of nine new species of shells. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 1, 214 - 217, pl. 13.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1935) South American land and freshwater mollusks. 9. Colombian species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciencies, Philadelphia, 87, 83 - 88, pl. 6."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) lynciculus (Deville & Hupp��, 1850) (Figs 14 C, 17 C���D) Bulimus lynciculus Deville & Hupp�� 1850: 640, pl. 15 fig. 1. Type locality: Peru, Dept. Loreto, Sarayacu. Plekocheilus lynciculus (Deville & Hupp��); Richardson 1995: 316 (references, synonymy). Plekocheilus jacksoni Pilsbry 1939: 1, fig. 2. Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Napo, between Baeza and Archidona, nachiyacu. Holotype ANSP 170694. Material. Amazonas, Solano, Puerto Santander, Comunidad Aducha, 300 m [sic, 170 m], D. Alfonso & H. Andoke leg./ 1999: ICNB; Isla La Guarnici��n, Rio Caquet��, La Pedrera, J. Cort��s leg./ 2004: ICNB. Nari��o, Santa Rosa de Sucumbios, Rio San Miguel, 400 m, Malkin leg./ 1971: FMNH 175441 (as P. coloratus).?, ���S. America:��� UMMZ 4543. Altitudinal range. The Colombian records comprise elevations at or below 400 m. The Ecuadorian localities reported in Breure and Borrero (2008) from the Provinces of Napo, Orellana and Pastaza range from approximately 240 to 600 m in elevation. Remarks. These are the first records of this species in Colombia, which we previously interpreted as an Ecuadorian species. The new Colombian localities are consistent with those from Ecuador, suggesting a distribution in the eastern Amazonian lowlands of both countries., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Deville, E. & Huppe, H. (1850) Description de quelques coquilles nouvelles provenant de l'expedition de M. de Castelnau. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, (2) 2, 638 - 644, pls. 14 - 16.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1939) South American land and freshwater mollusks, X. Species of Colombia and Ecuador. Notulae Naturae, 19, 1 - 6.","Breure, A. S. H. & Borrero, F. J. (2008) An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species. Zootaxa, 1768, 1 - 40."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) corydon (Crosse, 1869) Remarks. The type material of this taxon has not been located in the Paris museum (V. H��ros, pers. comm.). However, we found some material that fits the description of Crosse, labeled ��� Plekocheilus corydon, Ecuador, Mindo��� (DMNH 141666). This material has strong similarities to P. phoebus mentioned above and might prove to be a synonym., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) roseolabrum (E.A. Smith, 1877) (Figs 13 G���I) Bulimus roseolabrum E.A. Smith 1877: 362. Type locality: Ecuador, Prov. Loja, Malacatos. Lectotype BMNH 1975135 (Breure 1978). Plekocheilus roseolabrum (Smith); Richardson 1995: 320 (references), Breure & Borrero 2008: 6. Material. Ecuador, Prov. Loja, Malacatos: BMNH. Remarks. This taxon is characterized by the dark parietal callus, the granulate surface on shallow elevations of the surface (Fig. 13 I) and the color pattern with predominantly axial brown streaks. The specimen from Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe, referred to by Breure and Borrero (2008) on the basis of a photograph only, proves to belong to a different, as yet unidentified species. The type locality may be near the town of Malacatos (~ 1675 m), or may refer to a location along the Malacatos River, including higher elevations., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Smith, E. A. (1877) Descriptions of new species of South American Helicidae in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877, 361 - 365.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Breure, A. S. H. & Borrero, F. J. (2008) An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species. Zootaxa, 1768, 1 - 40."]}

Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) succineoides succineoides (Petit de la Saussaye, 1840) (Figs 5 G���L, 9 B) Bulimus succineoides Petit de la Saussaye 1840: 75. Type locality: ���les environs de Bogot��.��� Syntype MNHN 21884. Plekocheilus succinoides [sic] (Petit); Richardson 1995: 321 (references, synonymy; see remarks). Bulimus latilabris Pfeiffer 1855 a: 7. Type locality: Santa F�� de Bogota. Lectotype BMNH 1975127 (Breure 1979). Plekocheilus latilabris (Pfeiffer); Richardson 1995: 316 (references). New synonymy. Material. Antioquia, Alto de Belmira [approx. 3100 m], in bromeliad, J.J. Estrada leg./ 2000: UAM; Boyac��, P��ramo de la Rusia, 3400���3600 m: ZMA (A.M. Cleef leg.); P��ramo Vado Hondo, 3600 m: ZMA (A.M. Cleef leg.); Km 78, 1 km NE of Laguna Colorada (Breure 1977); P��ramo de La Sarna, between Sogamoso and Bado Hondo, ~ 3500 m (Breure 1977); P��ramo de La Sarna, 5 km NE Laguna de Tota (Breure 1977); Quebrada Chuza, between P��ramo de Palacio and P��ramo de Chingaza, 3600 m, J.E. Guevara leg./ 1978: RMNH; 10 km NE Villa de Leyva, 2350 m, Breure leg./ 1975: RMNH; S of Villa de Leyva, small gorge near quarry, 2350 m, Hausdorf leg./ 2000: ZMH 4117; Villa de Leyva, oak forest near Manantiales de Iguaque in Vereda Capilla I, W slope, 2600 m, Hausdorf leg./ 2000: ZMH 4200; Iguaque Reserve (Medina and Arias 2007); Muzo: UMMZ 147730 (ex Rolle); Cauca, Rio Cauca valley: SMF 45635; Cundinamarca, P��ramo de Sumap��z, H. von Prahl leg./ 1979: UVZ 81135; Neusa (60 km NW Bogota), ~ 3500 m, leg./ 1985: RMNH; Mosquera, near Laguna La Herrera, on Opuntia sp. cacti, O. Rangel leg./ 1981: ICNB; Mosquera, P. Creutzberg leg./ 1968: RMNH; P��ramo Laguna Verde, 3600 m, Cleef leg.: ZMA; P��ramo de Palacio, 3100���3200 m, H. Sturm leg.: SMF 245384; P��ramo de Palacio, 6 km SE chalk mine, 3500 m, T. van der Hammen leg.: ZMA; P��ramo de Palacio, Laguna de Siecha, 3700 m, Cleef leg.: RMNH; P��ramo de Palacio, 3 km S Laguna de Siecha, 3600���3650 m, J. Hernandez leg./ 1958: FMNH 114111 (as P. calliostoma); P��ramo de Palacio, Hoya Quebrada Chuza, Cleef leg./ 1972: ZMA; Lagunas de Buitrago, 3600 m, Cleef leg.: RMNH; P��ramo between Cogua and San Cayetano, around Laguna Seca (observed by Cleef teste Breure 1977, not seen); Finca Chueca near Facatativ��, ca. 40 km W Bogot��, 2700 m, H. L��scher leg.: SMF 242140 (not seen); Facatativ��, 2700 m: ZMUZ 511645 (not seen); P��ramo de Monserrate, Sturm leg.: SMF 245385; P��ramo between Monserrate and La Calera, 3200 m, Sturm leg.: SMF 245386; mountainside W of Laguna Mu��a, SW of Bogot��, 2600���2700 m, van der Hammen leg.: ZMA; Sitio Tequendama I, Soacha: ZMA; La Calera, Escuela de Caballer��a (Medina pers. comm.); La Calera, just NE Bogot��, Haught leg.: USNM 488855; Plain of Bogot�� [= Sabana de Bogot��]: ANSP 66435 (ex T. Bland); Guasca, N Bogot��: Femorale 52256; Bogot��: BMNH Acc. no. 1829 (Cuming Colln), ZMUZ 511643 [not seen], CM 42432 (W. Newcomb leg., G.H. Clapp Colln), CMC C 13492 (ex Fulton), FMNH 414, FMNH 158889, RMNH, SMF 21611, SMF 242139, USNM 713045, USNM 316121, USNM 316122, UMMZ 147729 (ex Tomlin & Hno.Apolinar Mar��a), USNM 124663 (partim); Near Bogot��: CM 90284 (ex Da Costa, leg./ 1900). ���Near Bogot��, Colombia. Extinct?��� (Abbott 1989).?, Colombia: BMNH 1894.12. 19.7, FMNH 31063; ��� US Colombia:��� USNM 532643 (ex Fulton, as Auris (Eurytus) calliostoma). Altitudinal range. 2350���3750 m. Remarks. Breure (1978) was inconclusive about the taxonomic position of P. latilabris (Pfeiffer, 1855). Having seen now ample material, we synonymize this taxon with P. succineoides (Petit de la Saussaye, 1840). The record from Cauca remains puzzling, as it is based on one lot only and may have been mislabeled. Also a record from Peru (Dept. Cajamarca, SW Chachapoyas and Cajamarca, G.E. Mason leg., SMF 21612 (Breure 1977)) has not been confirmed by further material and has to be viewed with great caution. This taxon is rather variable in shape, but may be characterized by the interrupted subsutural brown band and the light-colored oblique, axial stripes on the dorsal side of the last whorl. It has been found on and among cacti (Opuntia sp.)., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Petit de la Saussaye, S. A. A. (1840) Description de quelques coquilles nouvelles, provenant de l'Amerique meridionale. Revue Zoologique par la Societe Cuvierienne, 3, 74 - 75.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Pfeiffer, L. (1855 a) Descriptions of nine new species of land-shells, in the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1855, 7 - 9.","Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215.","Breure, A. S. H. (1977) Notes on Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), 5. On some collections from Colombia. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 107, 257 - 270.","Medina-Bermudez, C. I. & Arias-Olmos, D. I. (2007) Diversidad de moluscos terrestres del Santuario de flora y fauna de Iguaque (SFFI) (Boyaca), Colombia. Available at http: // www. humboldt. org. co / chmcolombia / servicios / jsp / proyectos / Listados. jsp? desde = 0 & hasta = 10 & id = 455 & conector = AND & (accessed 21 April 2010).","Abbott, R. T. (1989). Compendium of Landshells. American Malacologists Inc., Melbourne, Florida, 240 pp.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) semperi (Dohrn, 1882) (Fig. 14 B) Bulimus semperi Dohrn 1882: 103, pl. 3 figs 3���5. Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia, Sonson. Plekocheilus semperi (Dohrn); Richardson 1995: 320 (references). Remarks. The Dohrn collection was destroyed during World War II (Dance 1966). This taxon has not been recognized since its original description., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Dohrn, H. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der sudamerikanischen Landconchylien. Jahrbucher der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 9, 97 - 115, pl. 3.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Dance, S. P. (1966) Shell collecting. An illustrated history. University of California Press, Berkeley / Los Angeles, 344 pp, 35 pls."]}

Subgenus Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) Weyrauch, 1967 Type species by original designation: Bulimus veranyi Pfeiffer, 1848. Distribution. Venezuela,? Brazil,? Peru, Ecuador, Colombia. Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (A.) veranyi, P. (A.) quadricolor, P. (A.) cathcartiae, P. (A.) calliostoma, P. (A.) tenuissimus, P. (A.) delicatus, P. (A.) succineoides succineoides, P. (A.) s. cleeforum, P. (A.) s. zilchi and P. (A.) guentheri., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Weyrauch, W. K. (1967) Descripciones y notas sobre gastropodos terrestres de Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil y Peru. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 21, 457 - 499."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) coloratus (Nyst, 1845) (Figs 11 A���F, 12 B) Under this heading we are grouping all records available to us of a widely distributed but poorly understood taxon. Several varieties or subspecies have been recognized, and museum labels abound with subspecific names, including: ��� P. coloratus coloratus,��� ��� P. coloratus ampullaroides,��� ��� P. coloratus lamarckianus ��� and ��� P. coloratus subplicatus.��� These denominations are confusing as they mix elements of what may be three distinct species [i.e., P. ampullaroides (Mousson, 1873), P. coloratus (Nyst 1845) and P. lamarckianus (Pfeiffer, 1848 a)]. In addition, unpublished subspecific names are also found among these labels [i.e., ��� sublamarckianus,��� ��� subplicatus ���]. As discussed below under Remarks, it is possible that at least one more recognized specific level taxon may be part of what has been referred to as ��� Plekocheilus coloratus ��� in museum labels. The resolution of the phylogeography of this group is a pressing need, but of a complexity beyond the scope of the present paper and needing better quality material than currently available to us. For these reasons, we treat here the forms coloratus, subplicatus and lamarckianus, as a single taxon, P. (E.) coloratus (Nyst, 1845). However, for now we choose to consider P. ampullaroides (Mousson, 1873) as a separate species because of its distinct shape, but we are aware that further studies may lead to a different conclusion. Bulimus coloratus Nyst 1845: 228, pl. fig. 2. Type locality: ���la province de Cumana, dans la Colombie ��� [Venezuela, Edo. Sucre]. Lectotype RBINS /MT 2345 (Breure 2011). Plekocheilus coloratus (Nyst); Richardson 1995: 307 (references, synonymy). Bulimus lamarckianus Pfeiffer 1848 a: 229. Type locality: ���Andes of New Granada, 8000 feet.��� Lectotype BMNH 1975295 (Breure 1979). Bulimus coloratus var. �� Pfeiffer 1855? (1854���1860): 29, pl. 8 figs 4���5. Bulimus (Dryptus) coloratus var. subplicata Pfeiffer 1881 [Pfeiffer & Clessin 1879 ���1881]: 226. Type locality: Prov. Ocana. Type material: not located. Plekocheilus coloratus var. subplicata (Pfeiffer); Pilsbry 1895 [1895 ���1896]: 198���199; Richardson 1995: 307 (references, synonymy). Plekocheilus coloratus ampullaroides (Mousson, 1873); Breure 1976: 1, pl. 2 f. 8. Material. Antioquia, Frontino: CMC C 11047 (ex Fulton), DMNH 141721, UMMZ 147710 (ex Rolle, as P. coloratus sublamarckianus Mousson), ZMH 7478, ZMUZ 511585 (as P. coloratus ampullaroides, not seen), ZMUZ 511593 (not seen); La Bodega, between Sons��n and Nari��o, 6000 ft [~ 1800 m], Carriker leg./ 1951: USNM 598490 (as P. coloratus ampullaroides); Porce, Bosque Normand��a, [300���700 m], J.M. Daza leg./ 2001: UAM; Cauca, Isla de Gorgona, north portion, humid forest [island maximum elevation is 338 m], Medem leg./ 1961: FMNH 114095; Cesar, Sierra de Perij��, 25���30 km E of Becerril, Finca Am��rica, 1100 m, Malkin leg./ 1969: FMNH 163690; El Ronc��n, foothills of Sierra de Perij��, 10���12 km E of Becerril, 200���300 m, Malkin leg./ 1969: FMNH 163691; San Sebasti��n de R��bago [= Nabusimake]: FMNH 157551 (2000 m, Malkin leg./ 1968), CMC C 14234, CMC C 14235 (1950 m, Borrero & T.A. Pearce leg./ 2010), CMC C 14249 (nearby hillside forests, 1943���1970 m, Borrero & Pearce leg./ 2010); Socorpa Mission, forest only, Becerril, Sierra de Perij��, Malkin leg./ 1968: FMNH 159206, FMNH 159208, FMNH 159209, FMNH 159210, FMNH 159211, FMNH 172861, FMNH 173013; Rio Guatapur��, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: USNM 599524 [partim] (1200 ft [~ 360 m], Carriker leg./ 1946), USNM 599529 (8000���9000 ft [~ 2400���2700 m]); San Jos�� [most likely San Jos�� de Oriente], Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: USNM 488805 (5000���6000 ft [~ 1500���1800 m], Carriker leg./ 1945), USNM 59301; Sierra de Perij��, Airoca: USNM 488785 (4500 ft [~ 1350 m], Carriker leg./ 1942), USNM 488783 (4000���6000 ft [~ 1200���1800 m]); El Africa, Sierra de Perij��, 6500 ft [~ 1950 m], Carriker leg.: USNM 488804 (leg./ 1942), MCZ 183869; Pueblo Bello, canyon next to Rio Ariguan��, 1125 m, Borrero & Pearce leg./ 2010: CMC C 14192, CMC C 14250, CMC C 14251); 5���6 km above Manaure [Balc��n del Cesar], Magdalena [sic, Cesar], W side Perij�� Range, Olsson leg.: ANSP 181847 (leg./ 1946, under rocks in woods), ANSP 186716 (leg./ 1950); Cundinamarca, Bogot��: USNM 316124, DMNH 76770 [partim], BMNH 1894.2. 28.4 (Cuming Colln, partim), UMMZ 242806 (Marsh Colln, as P. coloratus ampullaroides), UMMZ 147708 (ex Caziot & Hno. Apolinar Mar��a, as P. coloratus ampullaroides), UMMZ 13839-13840 (Stearns Colln); La Guajira, San Ju��n [del Cesar], 200 m (G��tting 1978 [not seen]); below Pueblo Viejo, 300���1000 m (G��tting 1978 [not seen]); above Pueblo Viejo, 1400 m (G��tting 1978 [not seen]); Riohacha: ZMH 7477; hills of Carraip��a, Haught leg./ 1943: USNM 599496; near Carraip��a, Haught leg.: ANSP 388534 (as P. oligostylus Pils.), USNM 543490; Sierra Nueva, Sierra Negra, Carriker leg.: FMNH 71056 (3700���5000 ft [~ 1100- 1500 m]), USNM 533874 (1100���1500 m, leg./ 1942); Los Gorros, trail Fonseca���Riohacha, NE spur of Sierra Nevada, 2500 ft [~ 750 m], Carriker leg./ 1945: USNM 488810; Potrero de Venancio, 1100 m (Breure 1984 [not seen]); Magdalena, mountains near Santa Marta, 1219 m, H.H. Smith leg./ 1900: UF 109842 [not seen], UF 109843 [not seen]; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta [= SNSM], Pittier leg.: USNM 192936 a; SNSM, San Andr��s, Rio Frio Basin, Pittier leg./ 1906: USNM 192949 (1200 m), USNM 192947 (1300 m); SNSM, western foothills, between the plains and Quebrada del Bollo, 0���300 m, Pittier leg./ 1906: USNM 192936; SNSM, near Rio Frio, between Quebrada del Bollo and Quebrada Rodr��guez, 0���300 m, Pittier leg./ 1906: USNM 192940; SNSM, Rancho del Bollo, Pittier leg./ 1906: USNM 192946; SNSM, 50 km SE Santa Marta, just W of Rio Buritaca along trail to Ciudad Perdida, 11 ��02���N 73 �� 55 ���W, D.K. Dorman leg./ 1989: UF 137920, UF 137933 [both not seen]); SNSM, 2550 m, near trail beside Rio Buritaca, 11 ��01���N 73 �� 55 ���W: UF 137926, UF 137932 [both not seen]); SNSM, Alto Buritaca, 500 m, Linares leg./ 1991: ICNB 2601, ICNB 2602); SNSM, Buritaca 2000 [archaeological name given to Ciudad Perdida, a former religious site of the local natives], 1100 m, leg./ 1981: UVZ 81190 ���81199, UVZ 81206; Cerro San Lorenzo, SNSM, 7000 ft [~ 2100 m], Carriker leg./ 1945: FMNH 71055, USNM 599526; Finca ���La Granja��� Cerro San Lorenzo, SNSM, Medem et al. leg./ 1964: FMNH 187286, FMNH 187287; Finca La Victoria, Sierra de San Lorenzo, 996 m, Borrero & Pearce leg./ 2010: CMC C 14242; Estaci��n San Lorenzo, Borrero & Pearce leg./ 2010: CMC C 14193 (trail above camp, 2329���2360 m), CMC C 14248 (trail below camp, 2329 ��� 2175 m); SNSM, between San Fernando and San Francisco, Creutzberg leg./ 1975: RMNH; near Minca, northern slope of Sierra, approx. 700 m, G��tting leg./ 1976���1978: RMNH; Forests near Minca, and Minca lower slope of San Lorenzo: CM 106208, CM 106209 (both H.H. Smith leg./ 1899), ANSP 46587 (J. Rehn & M. Hebard leg./ 1920); Minca, 2000 ft [~ 600 m], H.H. Smith leg.: ANSP 78243; Road Minca���Hacienda La Victoria, Sector Jaguar, 1100 m, S. Guataguira & L. Machado leg./ 2007: ICNB; El Libano forests, leg./ 1899: CM 100142, CM 106217; Don Diego, Carriker leg./ 1914: ANSP 140086; Don Amo Estate, Sierra de Santa Marta, H.H. Smith leg./ 1900: CM 106222 (2000 ft [~ 600 m]), CM 106223 (3500 ft [~ 1060 m]); Onaca Estate, 2500 ft [~ 750 m], H.H. Smith leg./ 1900: CM 106210, CM 106220; Valparaiso, H.H. Smith leg./ 1900: CM 106211; Magdalena River Valley, 2500 m (G��tting 1978 [not seen]); From Breure (1984): Cacaguelito (600 m), Jiracasaca (800 m), below La Horqueta (1300 m), Las Pantidas [= Las Partidas] (1300 m), Valparaiso (1500 m), El L��bano (2000���2325 m); El L��bano: DMNH 76787, ANSP 78244 (SE of Santa Marta, 6000 ft [~ 1800 m], H.H. Smith leg./ 1899); Manancanaca, 11000���12000 ft [~ 3300���3600 m], Carriker leg./ 1946: USNM 599523; Jiracasaca, 2800���3000 ft [~ 840���900 m], H.H. Smith leg./ 1898: CM 106214, CM 106218 [not seen]; Las Partidas, 3500 ft [~ 1050 m], H.H. Smith leg./ 1899: CM 106215 [not seen]; near Pueblito, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region, 463 m, Borrero & Pearce leg./ 2010: CMC C 14246, CMC C 14247; ���Magdalena:��� ZMUZ 511597 [not seen]; Meta, Villavicencio: DMNH 141730 (ex Walton); Norte de Santander, ���Provincia de Oca��a��� [type locality of P. subplicatus Pfeiffer]; Oca��a: ZMUZ 511596, ZMUZ 511598 [both not seen]; Mount Lucerno [= Alto de Lucero]: ZMUZ 511595 [not seen]; Buenos Aires, Carriker leg./ 1947: USNM 486844; Guamalito, 0���2000 ft [0���600 m], Carriker leg./ 1949: USNM 517804; Hacienda Villa Felisa, near C��cuta, 1100 ft [330 m], Carriker leg./ 1947: USNM 590658; Petrolea, near sea level, Carriker leg.: USNM 517812; La Palmita, 6000���7500 ft [~ 1800���2250 m], Carriker leg./ 1916: ANSP 137828; Santander, Trail to El Salado, 1800 m, P.E. Acosta leg./ 1960: FMNH 114053; Molagavita, 2300 m, Acosta leg./ 1960: FMNH 114054; Los Santos, Creutzberg leg.: RMNH.?, Colombia, Linter leg.: UMMZ 147707; ��� Columbia ��� [= Colombia]: ANSP 66411, ANSP 174436, CM 42437, FMNH 31169, USNM 105227, UMMZ 41101 (ex Rolle, as P. coloratus lamarckianus), ZMA, ZMUZ 511586 [not seen]; ��� New Granada:��� ZMUZ 511594, ZMUZ 544089, ZMUZ 511592 [all not seen], ANSP 66427 (ex Cuming), CMC C 10721, C 10722, BMNH Acc. no. 1563 (MacAndrew Colln); ���Andes of New Granada:��� BMNH Acc. no. 1829 (ex Cuming), (Baker 1926 [at 2438 m]); ���Andes Colombia:��� USNM 532632 (ex Fulton).?, Campo Alegre forest, ~ 1500 ft [~ 450 m], on a tree trunk, H.H. Smith leg./ 1898: CM 106219; above Agua Dulce, 3000 ft [~ 900 m], H.H. Smith leg./ 1899: CM 106216. Altitudinal range. The localities that can be precisely located range from 70���3600 m. Remarks. Within this taxon, many specimens from several different nominal (sub)species are frequently found in museum collections, most commonly P. (E.) coloratus (Nyst, 1845), P. (E.) lamarckianus (Pfeiffer, 1848) and P. (E.) ampullaroides (Mousson, 1873). Breure (1978: 10) placed Bulimus lamarckianus Pfeiffer, 1848 in the synonymy of P. coloratus (Nyst, 1845). We are unaware of a formal synonymy between P. coloratus and P. (E.) ampullaroides. In addition, Pfeiffer (1855: 29, pl. 8, figs 4���5) described Bulimus coloratus var. �� and suggested that it may deserve the status of a separate species but preferred to conservatively maintain this form as a variety of P. coloratus. This form was later referred to by Pfeiffer and Clessin (1879 ���1881: 226) as Bulimus (Dryptus) coloratus var. subplicata Pfr. Thus, specimens attributed to the variety subplicatus Pfeiffer, 1881 are also found together with the taxa mentioned above in museum collections, the labels with or without the subspecific epithet. During the course of our analysis, we have found that shells belonging to other species may also be mixed in with ��� P. coloratus,��� including Plekocheilus (E.) nachiyacu Pilsbry 1939, a poorly understood species described without a specific type locality (Pilsbry 1939: 2). Sorting out the correct affiliation of the many specimens of ��� P. coloratus ��� available at museum collections has proven difficult, partly due to the lack of precise localities for some of the taxa involved, and the lack of material suitable for anatomical and molecular studies. For this reason, we have chosen to list under P. coloratus all records of the various taxa mentioned above, which often exhibit strong similarities. However, we have also found specimens that were attributed to P. coloratus, but clearly belong to other, well defined species (i.e., P. gibbonius, P. oligostylus), and have listed those under the appropriate species names. We consider it beyond the scope of the current paper to carry out a more complete analysis of ��� P. coloratus ��� at this time; this will be part of our on-going research. Photographs of the various ���forms of P. coloratus ��� are presented in Figures 10 A-F, 13 A, without indication of sub-specific or variety status. Likewise, Fig. 12 B shows the distribution map for those specimens of ��� P. coloratus ��� associated with precise localities. As stated, we are aware that there may be more than one species involved in this map, which may be partially evident as a disjunct distribution. Other than the type specimen of P. coloratus (Nyst), we have not seen any specimens from northern Venezuela that seem to belong to this species. Nyst���s type locality is problematic, as it seems well outside the range of this species. Two Venezuelan records available (cf. Breure 2009) are here considered questionable and in need of additional, confirmatory material. The distribution given in Pilsbry (1895: 74) includes ���near Quito, Ecuador.��� This is the species of Plekocheilus with the broadest latitudinal and altitudinal distribution that we know of, and we currently question its veracity. We have not seen any material from Ecuador and this species was not listed by Breure and Borrero (2008) for that country. The record from Bogot�� (DMNH 76770, partim) may not be credible as the lot consists of two specimens of two different species, and the presence of this species in Cundinamarca is under question. Campo Alegre and Agua Dulce may be localities near the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta since most of H.H. Smith���s collections come from the Santa Marta area; however, places with those names exist in other Colombian Departments. Lots ANSP 181847 and 186716 are labeled as from Magdalena; this is in error and is probably due to the fact that two towns named Manaure exist is northern Colombia: Manaure, La Guajira (formerly part of Magdalena), and Manaure Balc��n del Cesar, in Cesar; only the second locality is in proximity of the Perij�� Range (on its west side) and thus corresponds to Olsson���s locality. We have observed in part of the material (specifically from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) a variation in the color pattern (���yellow trait���). The axial undulating stripes are bordered by a yellowish ���shadow��� [cf. P. (E.) fusitorsus (Oberwimmer, 1931) from Venezuelan Guayana (Breure 2009)]. Furthermore, some shells from La Guajira and Perij�� regions tend to have a strong lip and a distinct parietal callus. These shells, all from low elevation localities where dry conditions prevail, are tentatively referred to this species. During the revision of this paper the type material of this taxon was located in the Brussels museum; see Breure (2011)., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 32-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Nyst, H. (1845) Description de deux Bulimes nouveaux de la Colombie. Bulletin de l'Academie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 12 (1), 227 - 229, pl.","Mousson, A. (1873) Zweite Notiz uber einige von Herrn Gustav Wallis aus dem nordlichen Sud-Amerika zuruckgebrachte Mollusken. Malakozoologische Blatter, 21, 1 - 19.","Pfeiffer, L. (1848 a) Descriptions of nineteen new species of Helicea, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1847, 228 - 232.","Breure, A. S. H. (2011) Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Sciences, Brussels, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys, 101, 1 - 50.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215.","Pfeiffer, L. & Clessin, S. (1879 - 1881) Nomenclator heliceorum viventium qui continentur nomina omnium hujus familae generum specierum hodie cognitarum disposita ex affinitate naturali. Theodori Fischeri, Casselis, 617 pp.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1895 - 1896) Manual of Conchology, (2) 10. American Bulimi and Bululimuli. Strophocheilus, Plekocheilus, Auris, Bulimulus. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, iv + 213 pp, 51 pls.","Breure, A. S. H. (1976) Types of Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura) in the Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Zurich. In: Malacologische Opstellen. Backhuys, Rotterdam, 1 - 4, pls. 1 - 3.","Gotting, K. - J. (1978) Lista preliminar de los caracoles terrestres de la region septentrional de Colombia. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Punta de Betin, 10, 101 - 110.","Breure, A. S. H. (1984) Survey of the land Mollusca of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. In: Hammen, T. van der & Ruiz, P. M. (eds.), Studies on Tropical Andean ecosystems, 2, La Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia) Transecto Buritaca ─ La Cumbre. Cramer, Berlin / Stuttgart, pp. 487 - 500.","Baker, H. B. (1926) The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson expedition in Venezuela, part IV. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), 167, 1 - 49, pls. 7 - 9.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1939) South American land and freshwater mollusks, X. Species of Colombia and Ecuador. Notulae Naturae, 19, 1 - 6.","Breure, A. S. H. (2009) New Orthalicidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Venezuelan Guayana: unravelling secrets from the Lost World. Zootaxa, 2065, 25 - 50.","Breure, A. S. H. & Borrero, F. J. (2008) An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species. Zootaxa, 1768, 1 - 40."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) lugubris (Dunker, 1882) comb.nov. (Figs 14 B, 15 K���M) Bulimus lugubris Dunker 1882: 378, pl. 11 figs 1���2. Type locality: Colombia, Pasto. Type material: not located. Plekocheilus lugubris Dunker; Richardson 1995: 316 (references). Material. Nari��o, Pasto (type locality).?, Bogot��, leg./ 1902: MZSP 49310. Remarks. Breure (1979) listed this species under Plekocheilus s. str.. In the original description, Dunker mentions ���irregular spots and streaks under a translucent (...) epidermis.��� There is no mention of the malleation characteristic of this subgenus. Examination of the original figures reveals that the sculpture seems to consist of spiral lines crossed by similarly sized axial lines. This excludes it from the nominate subgenus. In the S��o Paulo museum we found one specimen that corresponds to Dunker���s description and closely fits the figures. Unfortunately, the label has the imprecise locality ���Bogot��.���, Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Dunker, W. (1882) De molluscis nonnullis terrestribus Americae australis. Jahrbucher der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 9, 377 - 380, pl. 11.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215."]}

Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) delicatus (Pilsbry, 1935) (Figs 5 V���W, 9 A) Plectostylus delicatus Pilsbry 1935: 84, pl. 6 figs 6���8. Type locality: Soacha near Bogot��. Holotype ANSP 164577. Plekocheilus delicatus (Pilsbry); Richardson 1995: 308 (references); Medina and Arias 2007: no page number. Material. Boyac��, Alto de Verea Suscon, ~ 7 km NW Sogamoso, 2850 m, Olsson leg./ 1935: ANSP 166110, FMNH 78740; between Toca and Pesca, ~ 9 km W Toca, ca. 10,500 ft [~ 3150 m], Olsson leg.: ANSP 180297; Iguaque (Medina & Arias 2007); Cundinamarca, Soacha: ANSP (10 km SW Bogot��, Hno. Apolinar Mar��a & V. Guevara leg./pre- 1935), DMNH 148704 (Jackson Colln, on Opuntia ficus-indica M��ller), DMNH 76765 (C.L. Richardson Colln), RMNH (found on Opuntia sp., A.S.H. Breure leg./ 1975); km 1 Variante Soacha, J.E. Espitia leg./ 2008: MLSB; near Mosquera: RMNH; Soacha, near Bogot��: FMNH 86665; arid zone S Mosquera, 2580 m, J.A. Ramos leg./ 1965: DMNH 66968; SW Mosquera: ZMN 4003 (arid SW slope with sandstone rocks and Opuntia at the shore of Laguna de La Herrera, 2610 m, B. Hausdorf leg./ 2000), ZMH 4012 (arid S slope with sandstone rocks and Opuntia near the Aso Gas station, 2680 m, Hausdorf leg./ 2000); Mosquera, arid zone around Laguna La Herrera, among bushes of Agave sp. and Puya sp., 2632 m, M. Vera leg./ 2003: ICNB 1151; Zambrinsky [W Mosquera], arid N slope with sandstone rocks and Opuntia, 2630 m., Hausdorf leg./ 2000: ZMH 4011; Sabana de Bogata [= Bogot��]: ANSP 220447, DMNH 76771, UVZ 83019; Vereda El Vij��n; La Calera, Escuela de Caballer��a; La Calera, Cementos Samper (all C.I. Medina pers. comm.); Laguna de Hern��ndez, Sabana de Bogot��, 2650 m, Medem leg./ 1958: FMNH 114074 (as P. veranyi); Monde��edo, above Mosquera, Sabana de Bogot��, 2600���2700 m, J. Carvajal leg./ 1957: FMNH 114112; Bogot��, Distrito Especial: DMNH 83709, 160230, 160232, 162165, FMNH 125490, 126937, 202079, UF 109987 (not seen); Sabana de Bogot��, Cerro de La Herrera near Laguna de La Herrera, 2600���2700 m, found on Opuntia schulmanni and Solanum lycioides: ANSP 323504; Laguna de Herrera, 2600 m, R. Jaramillo leg.: RMNH; La Herrera near Bogot��, Hno. Apolinar Mar��a leg.: MCZ 134971; about 29 km W Bogot�� along the road from Mosquera to La Mesa, 2675 m, Breure leg./ 1975: RMNH; Represa de Vitelma, near Bogot��, C. Uribe leg.: MCZ 157451. Altitudinal range. 2200���3150 m. Remarks. Hausdorf (pers. comm.) considers, given the variability of both species, P. delicatus as a synonym of P. succineoides (Petit de la Saussaye, 1840). However, we do find consistent differences between the two and treat them here as separate taxa. P. delicatus has been found on and among cacti (Opuntia spp.), and other plants typical of semi-arid conditions (Solanum lycioides, Agave sp., and Puya sp.)., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Pilsbry, H. A. (1935) South American land and freshwater mollusks. 9. Colombian species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciencies, Philadelphia, 87, 83 - 88, pl. 6.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Medina-Bermudez, C. I. & Arias-Olmos, D. I. (2007) Diversidad de moluscos terrestres del Santuario de flora y fauna de Iguaque (SFFI) (Boyaca), Colombia. Available at http: // www. humboldt. org. co / chmcolombia / servicios / jsp / proyectos / Listados. jsp? desde = 0 & hasta = 10 & id = 455 & conector = AND & (accessed 21 April 2010).","Petit de la Saussaye, S. A. A. (1840) Description de quelques coquilles nouvelles, provenant de l'Amerique meridionale. Revue Zoologique par la Societe Cuvierienne, 3, 74 - 75."]}

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) species 1 (Fig. 18 J–K) Remarks. This is a lot from [Colombia. Santander,] Hacienda Santanas, Rio Lebrija Valley, 1000 ft [~ 300 m], Carriker leg./ 1949 (USNM 601781, as P. coloratus subplicatus Pfr.) which we were unable to place. The subadult specimen resembles P. piperatoides, a taxon which we consider to occur in northeastern Colombia.

Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) glandiformis (Lea, 1838) comb. nov. (Figs 8 A���F, 9 D) Bulimus glandiformis Lea, 1838: 83, pl. 23 fig. 92. Type locality: Colombia, between La Plata and Tocaima (see remarks below). Holotype USNM 105045. Plekocheilus glandiformis (Lea); Richardson 1995: 314 (references). Eurytus couturesi Ancey 1900: 42. Type locality: ��� Bolivie ��� [see remarks]. Holotype NMW 1955.158.24074; Wood and Gallichan 2008: 39, pl. 9 fig. 10, x. Plekocheilus couturesi (Ancey); Richardson 1995: 308 (references). New synonymy. Material. Cauca, Volc��n de Purac��, Paletar��, 3000���3200 m, leg./ 1951: FMNH 109715); ���La Cumbre or Popay��n (?),��� F.W. Pennell & E.P. Killip leg./ 1922: ANSP 132450, FMNH 78741; Choc��, Rio Nuqu��, Haught leg.: USNM 488861 (as Plekocheilus jucundus); Quind��o, Hacienda Alaska, Finca Bengala, 3 km N of end of road Salento��� Cocora, 3250 m, C. Restrepo leg./ 1982: UVZ 82252; ���Quind��o subp��ramo,��� F. Ortega leg./ 2004: UVZ; Tolima, Bolivia [see remarks]: NMW 1955.158. 24074 (holotype of E. couturesi Ancey); Roncesvalles, Vereda La Yerbabuena, P��ramo El Oasis, 3350 m, Linares leg./ 2005: ICNB 10571;? Between La Plata and Tocaima [Tolima?], J.H. Gibbon leg: USNM; Valle del Cauca, Hacienda Las Vegas, Santa Luc��a, Tulu��, 3000 m, E. Velasco leg./ 1984: UVZ 84020; P��ramo de Riofrio, 3350���3500 m, V. Rojas leg./ 1997: UVZ 97023, UVZ 97024 (in Bromeliaceae); P��ramo El Duende, Riofrio, 3400 m, L.A. Neira leg./ 2004: UVZ; Parque Nacional Farallones [= PNF], trail to Pico de Loro, 2400���2500 m, F. Zapata leg./ 1981: UVZ 81246; PNF, Cerro Teta de la Viuda, 2800 m, G. Bol��var leg./ 1981: UVZ 81242; PNF, Campamento Corea: UVZ 82022 (2300 m, C. Restrepo leg./ 1982), UVZ 82197 (Zapata leg./ 1982), UVZ 81133 (~ 2700 m); Reserva Hato Viejo, 2900 m, R. Garc��a & A.F. Giraldo leg./ 1996: UVZ 97018; road to La Herrera, Florida [2500���3400 m], L.A. Neira leg./ 1993: UVZ.?, Colombia: USNM 532642 (ex Fulton); New Granada: ZMUZ 511629, ZMUZ 511630 (both not seen); ��� U.S. Colombia:��� UMMZ 147711 (ex Fulton, as P. couturesi Ancey). Altitudinal range. The localities presented indicate a range of 1700���3500 m (but see remarks below). Remarks. After having studied the holotype, we conclude that this species belongs to the nominate subgenus, contrary to the classification in P. (Eurytus) by Breure (1979: 30). The sculpture is clearly malleated as in typical Plekocheilus (P.), but also shows granulation that is typically found in a large number of species in P. (Eurytus). The figure of the sculpture in Pilsbry (1895: pl. 38 fig. 4) is somewhat misleading, as the granulation in P. glandiformis is less strong than suggested. This species is thus somewhat intermediate between the two subgenera, although we keep the distinction between the two and still classify P. glandiformis witin the nominate subgenus. Some variation exists in the height of the spire, and in the general coloration (some specimens are a very dark olive brown, frequently with pink peristome). Owing to the fact that no anatomical or molecular data are yet available, we treat them here as part of a single taxon. Further study is clearly needed. Has been found in Bromeliaceae, suggesting a partly arboreal habitat. We consider the P. glandiformis group a high altitude group (all precise localities are at 2000 m or higher). Thus the type locality of P. glandiformis Lea, based on material collected by Gibbon, is likely in southern Antioquia; a finca Tocaima [05�� 32 ' 20 "N 075�� 55 ' 56 "W] is located at 1950 m. ���La Plata��� could be assumed to be La Plata [05��02' 19 "N 075�� 40 ' 39 "W] in Caldas (which is the nearest location of that name, ca. 60 km SSW of Tocaima as the crow flies), crossing high altitudes in the border region of Antioquia/Risaralda/Caldas. However, doubt remains, as we do not know anything about the itinerary of Dr. Gibbon. There are two localities with the name La Cumbre in Cauca, both (S)SW of Popay��n, respectively 01�� 55 'N 076�� 57 'W and 01�� 45 ' 57 "N 076�� 47 '06"W. Lot USNM 488861 (Choc��, Rio Nuqu��) is problematic since it is the westernmost locality for this species, and is at a comparatively low elevation (probably at most 500 m). The material of P. couturesi was collected by G. Coutures, but we have been unable to find any details about his travels in South America. The sculpture of the holotype consists of weak malleation and very fine granulation (cf. Fig. 4 D). This is unlike the sculpture found in Bolivian Plekocheilus, but completely in accordance with material of two other species we now place in the group of P. glandiformis. Thus we conclude that Ancey���s location has been misinterpreted and now consider this taxon as Colombian. When we realized that there could be a locality named ���Bolivia��� in Colombia (���Bolivie��� is the French version of this name), we found ten localities in the GNS Gazetteer (http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/index.html). Considering this a high altitude group, we could eliminate nine localities. We now assume that the type locality of P. couturesi is likely to be in the border area between Tolima and Valle del Cauca, where a place Bolivia exists at 3290 m (03�� 53 ' 36 "N 075�� 47 ' 18 "W). A second specimen labeled as P. couturesi Ancey, and certainly corresponding to this taxon, is held at UMMZ (lot 147711). The label accompanying the single shell states ���original lot,��� suggesting that it may be a paratype. However, this could not be confirmed as the label may not be the original from C.F. Ancey, but a label written later by H.C. Fulton (J. Gallichan, pers.comm.). The specimens from Valle del Cauca, Florida, road to La Herrera (which is in southwestern Tolima) probably are from the area around the Parque Nacional Natural Las Hermosas. These specimens are more slender than typical P. glandiformis., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Lea, I. (1838) Descriptions of new freshwater and land shells. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 6, 1 - 154, pls. 1 - 24.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458.","Ancey, C. F. (1900) Description of a land shell from South America. The Nautilus, 14, 42.","Wood, H. & Gallichan, J. (2008) The new molluscan names of Cesar-Marie-Felix Ancey including illustrated type material from the National Museum of Wales. Studies in Biodiversity and Systematics of Terrestrial Organisms from the National Museum of Wales, Biotir Reports, 3, i - vi, 1 - 162.","Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1895 - 1896) Manual of Conchology, (2) 10. American Bulimi and Bululimuli. Strophocheilus, Plekocheilus, Auris, Bulimulus. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, iv + 213 pp, 51 pls."]}

Plekocheilus (Eudolichotis) perdix (Pfeiffer, 1848) Bulimus perdix Pfeiffer 1848 a: 230. Type locality ��� New Granada, Agua de Obispo��� [Venezuela]. Lectotype BMNH 1975305 (Breure 1978). Plekocheilus perdix (Pfeiffer); Richardson 1995: 317 (references). Material. ?, ��� Columbia,��� leg./ 1850: ZMUZ 511700 [not seen], ZMUZ 511701 [not seen] (leg./ 1874); New Granada, leg./ 1852: ZMUZ 511702 [not seen]; New Granada, Colombia, ex Fulton: USNM 532647; New Granada, ex Tomlin: UMMZ 146774. Venezuela. Portuguesa, Rio Guarg��ero, tributary of Rio An��s, F. Wesselingh leg.: RMNH; Trujillo, Agua de Obispo, ex Cuming: MCZ 222369 (���Cotype��� = paralectotype). Remarks. We consider this a Venezuelan species. The type locality is located at 2300 m., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Pfeiffer, L. (1848 a) Descriptions of nineteen new species of Helicea, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1847, 228 - 232.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

Group of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) coloratus Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (E.) coloratus, P. (E.) pirriensis, P. (E.) ampullaroides, P. (E.) camaritagua, P. (E.) pirriensis, P. (E.) ampullaroides, P. (E.) nachiyacu, P. (E.) paraguas, P. (E.) gibbonius, P. (E.) taylorianus, P. (E.) jimenezi, P. (E.) tricolor and P. (E.) roseolabrum. FIGURE 12. Plekocheilus distribution. A. P. (P.) incognitus, P. (Eurytus) paraguas, P. (E.) labiosus. B. P. (E.) coloratus, P. (E.) ampullaroides., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 30-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895

Plekocheilus (Eurytus) episcopalis auriformis (Da Costa, 1904) (Figs 9 C, 10 H���K) Strophocheilus (Eurytus) auriformis Da Costa 1904: 5, pl. 1 fig. 1. Type locality: Colombia, Bogot��. Holotype BMNH 1907.11. 21.112. Plekocheilus auriformis (Da Costa); Richardson 1995: 303 (references). Material. Cundinamarca, Valle de Tensa [sic, Tenza, 1500���1700 m], Hno. Apolinar Mar��a leg.: ANSP 174434; Cordillera de Bogot�� [?], Hno. Apolinar Mar��a & V. Guevara leg./ 1933: ANSP 164576; Bogot��: UMMZ 147714 (partim, ex Tomlin & Caziot). Remarks. These are the first precise localities for this taxon, which is now considered by us a subspecies of P. episcopalis. Cordillera de Bogot�� may refer to the mountainous belt on the eastern side of Bogot��, part of the Cordillera Oriental. This belt is known as Los Cerros Orientales de Bogot��, or Bosque Oriental de Bogot�� (2600���3550 m), and is protected by regional legislation. P. episcopalis auriformis differs from the nominate form by (1) the less rounded last whorl; (2) the stronger columellar fold; (3) the ear-shaped aperture. Valle de Tenza is ca. 40 km NE of Gachet��, the nearest record of P. episcopalis corticosus., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Da Costa, S. I. (1904) Descriptions of new species of land-shells from Central and South America. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 6, 5 - 6.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

Plekocheilus (Eudolichotis) glabra (Gmelin, 1791) Voluta glabra Gmelin 1791: 3436. No type locality given. Type material: not located. Plekocheilus glaber (Gmelin); Richardson 1995: 313 (references and synonymy). Material. ?, Colombia: FMNH 31471. Brazil: CMC C 10872 ��� C 10874. Trinidad: CMC C 11058 ��� C 11060. Grenada: UMMZ 24176 (Stearns Colln, as Bulimus glabra var. grenadensis Guppy), UMMZ 232631 (Marsh Colln), UMMZ 146768 (L.B. Brown leg., as Auris glabra granadensis Guppy). Remarks. We only tentatively consider this species as occurring in Colombia (see under species erroneously or doubtfully reported from Colombia). Simone���s (2006: 151) record of the presence of this species in Brazil remains questionable., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895, {"references":["Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne … systema naturae per regna tria naturae ..., editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, vol. 1 (6). G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, 3021 - 4120.","Richardson, C. L. (1995) Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia, 28, 1 - 458."]}

Genus Plekocheilus Guilding, 1828 Subgenus Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) Guilding, 1828 Type species: Voluta aurissileni Born, 1780. Distribution: West Indies (St. Vincent, Barbados), Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia. 1. Plekocheilus (Plekocheilus) cardinalis (Pfeiffer, 1853) Type locality: Quito. Lectotype ZMB 112721 (designated and figured by Köhler 2007). Distribution:? Napo (Pilsbry 1899: 77); Pastaza, Mera (FLMNH 109841; FMNH 86698, 125478); Pichincha, near Mindo, circa 1000 m (Weyrauch 1967: 460); Nanegal; valley of Río Pilatón (both according to Pilsbry 1899: 77). “New Grenada ” (RMNH). “ Ecuador ” (ZMA). Remarks: New Grenada was used in the 19 th century and is referring to an area comprising Ecuador, Colombia and parts of Venezuela and Panama. 2. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) aristaceus (Crosse, 1869) Type locality: Quito, reipublicae Aequatoris. Distribution: Chimborazo, Bucay (IRSN); Cotopaxi, Páramo de Sigchos (IRSN); Pichincha, near Mindo (FMNH 216871)*; Río Pilatón (IRSN). “New Grenada ” (ZMB). Remarks: These are the first precise localities for this species. 3. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) aureonitens (Miller, 1878) Type locality: Pilatón valley, 1000 m. Distribution: Pichincha, Río Pilatón. “ Ecuador ” (ANSP 78577). Remarks: This species may prove to be a synonym of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) taylorianus (Reeve, 1849). 4. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) corydon (Crosse, 1869) Type locality: Quito. Distribution: ? [no specific locality known]. 5. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) doliarius (Da Costa, 1898) Type locality: Paramba. Lectotype BMNH 1907.11. 21.110 (Breure 1979; see also Neubert & Janssen 2004: 208, who figure a paralectotype (SMF 9513) in Pl. 1 Fig. 1). Distribution: Carchi, Hacienda Paramba (BMNH, IRSN, SMF). Remarks: As this species is also recorded from Colombia, the locality is most likely in Carchi, which is also the only province where Paramba is attributed to in the GNS-gazetteer. 6. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) eros (Angas, 1878) Type locality: Ecuador. Holotype BMNH 1879.1.21.2. Distribution: ? [no specific locality known]. 7. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) floccosus (Spix, 1827) Type locality: Brazil. Holotype ZSM (Simone 2006: 149). Distribution: Morona-Santiago, Cusuimi (FMNH 170620); Río Macuma, ca. 10 km from Río Morona (FMNH 187606)*; Napo, Río Napo, 500 m (SMF 156306; see Weyrauch 1967: 462); Tungurahua, Topo (FMNH 86667); 0.7 km W Río Negro (RMNH)*. “ Ecuador ” (RMNH). Remarks: This is a broad ranged species that is also known from Peru, Brazil and Bolivia. Weyrauch (1967: 462) placed Helix pentadina d’Orbigny, 1835 in the synonymy of this species. 8. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) jimenezi (Hidalgo, 1872) Type locality: San José (according to Weyrauch 1967: 463 this is located 50 km E Baeza; it is most probably San José de Suno [00° 32 ' 00" S 077° 25 ' 00" W], also known as San José Viejo). Plekocheilus (Eurytus) gibbonius (Hidalgo, 1872), described from the same locality, is a synonym according to Pilsbry (1895: 87). Distribution: Orellana, San José de Suno. “Oriente Prov.” (FMNH 72336). Plekocheilus (Eurytus) jimenezi oligostylus Pilsbry, 1939 Type locality: [Ecuador, between Baeza and Archidona, Nachiyacu, see Clench & Turner 1962: 109]. Holotype: ANSP 170696. Distribution: Napo, Nachiyacu; Sarayacu (see Weyrauch 1967: 463); valley of Río Quijos (FMNH 216872); Pastaza, Puyo (FLMNH 109855; FMNH 42168, 126934); Mera (FLMNH 184702). 9. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) lynciculus (Deville & Hupé, 1850) Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Sarayacu. Distribution: Napo, Nachiyacu (ANSP 170694: Holotype of the synonym Plekocheilus (Eurytus) jacksoni Pilsbry, 1939; according to Weyrauch 1967: 463); Orellana, Loreto, 550 m [SMF 156302; see Weyrauch 1967: 463]; Pastaza, Chichirota (FMNH 78742). 10. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) mcgintyi ‘Pilsbry’ H.B. Baker, 1963 Type locality: Rio Napo, northeastern boundary of Ecuador. Holotype ANSP 227455. Distribution: Napo, Río Jatunyacu [= Río Napo] (ANSP). 11. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) nocturnus Pilsbry, 1939 Type locality: Ecuador, Puyo. Holotype ANSP 170695. Distribution: Pastaza, Puyo (FMNH 86644). 12. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) phoebus (Pfeiffer, 1863) Type locality: Ecuador. Lectotype BMNH 1975143 (Breure 1979). Distribution: ? [no specific locality known]. 13. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) pulicarius (Reeve, 1848) Type locality: New Grenada. Lectotype BMNH 1975281 (designated and figured by Breure 1978: 15, Pl. 11 Fig. 6). Distribution: ? [no specific Ecuadorian locality known; the species is better known in Colombia]. “ Ecuador ” (FMNH 202082). “New Grenada ” (BMNH 1975282 / 2 paralectotypes). 14. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) roseolabrum (E.A. Smith, 1877) Type locality: Malacatos. Lectotype BMNH 1975135 (Breure 1978). Distribution: Loja, Malacatos (BMNH 1877.3.28.2/ 1 paralectotype); Zamora-Chinchipe, Tapichalaca* (B. Harris, personal communication and photograph). Remarks: This is the first record and precise locality after the original description in 1877. 15. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) taylorianus (Reeve, 1849) Type locality: Environs of Quito. Lectotype BMNH 1874.12. 11.271 (Here corrected for BMNH 1975142 as given by Breure 1978). Pilsbry (1895) placed Eurytus taylorioides Miller, 1878 in the synonymy of this species; its type locality is: “circa Quito, Chimborazo”. Distribution: Pastaza, Mera (FMNH 202059); Pichincha, Milpe (FLMNH 166225); Mindo, near Rio Blanco (FLMNH 166226); Nanegal (EPN); Pacto (EPN); Pintag (EPN); Gualea (FMNH 61138, 31173). “ Ecuador ” (CMC C 11056, C 11057; FMNH 100722; RMNH; ZMA). Remarks: Köhler (2007) gives a figure of a paralectotype (ZMB 112722). 16. Plekocheilus (Eurytus) tricolor (Pfeiffer, 1853) Type locality: New Grenada, Gualea. According to Pilsbry (1901: 131) Bulimus semipictus Hidalgo, 1869 is a junior synonym is, for which the type locality is Baeza. Distribution: Cotopaxi, Sigchos (FMNH 70912); Imbabura, Ibarra (FMNH 70911); Napo, Baeza; Orellana, Ávila (FMNH 31171); Pichincha, Gualea. “ Ecuador ” (RMNH). Subgenus Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) Weyrauch, 1967 Type species: Bulimus veranyi Pfeiffer, 1848. Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia. 17. Plekocheilus (Aeropictus) tenuissimus (Weyrauch, 1967) Type locality: 20 km W Quito, Tandayapa, 2500 m. Holotype IML 3364. Distribution: Pichincha, Tandayapa* (IML); near Nanegal (RMNH)*. Plekocheilus sp. Distribution: El Oro, 13.1 km WNW Pinas (FLMNH 36133)*; Napo, Archidona (FMNH 31133), labelled as P. blainvilleanus loveni (Pfeiffer), which is a Venezuelan species; Pichincha, 15 km NE Las Palmas, Río Faisanes (FLMNH 22917)*; 14.3 km NE La Palma, Río Faisanes (FLMNH 26611)*., Published as part of Breure, Abraham S. H. & Borrero, Francisco J., 2008, An annotated checklist of the land snail family Orthalicidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea) in Ecuador, with notes on the distribution of the mainland species, pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 1768 on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274265, {"references":["Kohler, F. (2007) Annotated type catalogue of the Bulimulidae (Pulmonata, Orthalicoidea, Bulimulidae) in the Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 83, 125 - 159.","Miller, K. (1878) Die Binnenmollusken von Ecuador. Malakozoologische Blatter, 25, 153 - 199.","Breure, A. S. H. (1979) Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 168, 1 - 215.","Neubert, E. & Janssen, R. (2004) Die Typen und Typoiden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 84: Mollusca, Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae (2), Orthalicidae, Placostylidae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 133, 193 - 297.","Simone, L. R. L. (2006) Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil. EGB, Fapesp, Sao Paulo, 390 pp.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1895 - 1896) American Bulimi and Bulimuli. Strophocheilus, Plekocheilus, Auris, Bulimulus. Manual of Conchology, (2) 10, 1 - 213.","Breure, A. S. H. (1978) Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 164, 1 - 255.","Pilsbry, H. A. (1901 - 1902) Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostominae; Cerionidae. Manual of Conchology, (2) 14, 1 - 302, i - xcix."]}

Group of Plekocheilus (P.) glandiformis Remarks. The following taxa are treated from the study area: P. (P.) glandiformis, P. (P.) couturesi, P. (P.) bigener and P. (P.) taquinensis. The sculpture in this group shows a pattern that is intermediate between Plekocheilus s. str. and P. (Eurytus)., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895

Group of Plekocheilus (Eurytus) cardinalis Remarks. The following species are treated from the study area: P. (E.) cardinalis, P. (E.) doliarius, and P. (E.) castaneus., Published as part of Borrero, Francisco J. & Breure, Abraham S. H., 2011, The Amphibulimidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Orthalicoidea) from Colombia and adjacent areas, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 3054 on page 44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278895