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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1443096.]., (Copyright © 2024 Garcinuño, Lalueza, Gil-Etayo, Diaz-Simón, Lizasoain, Moraga, Diaz-Benito, Naranjo, Cabrera-Marante, Pleguezuelo, Ruiz-Ruigomez, Ayuso, Arrieta, Folgueira, Paz-Artal, Cueto, Lumbreras, Serrano and Serrano.)

Introduction: Influenza virus infection can cause a range of clinical symptoms, including respiratory failure (RF) and even death. The mechanisms responsible for the most severe forms of the disease are not yet well understood. The objective is to assess the initial immune response upon admission and its potential impact on infection progression., Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with influenza virus infection who required admission to a tertiary hospital in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 flu seasons. Immune markers, surrogate markers of neutrophil activation, and blood levels of DNase I and Apolipoprotein-H (ApoH) were determined in the first serum sample available during hospital care. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or death. Initially, 792 patients were included. From this group, 107 patients with poor evolution were selected, and a random control group was matched by day of admission., Results: Patients with poor outcomes had significantly reduced ApoH levels, a soluble protein that regulate both complement and coagulation pathways. In multivariate analysis, low plasma levels of ApoH (OR:5.43; 2.21-13.4), high levels of C- reactive protein (OR:2.73: 1.28-5.4), hyperferritinemia (OR:2.83; 1.28-5.4) and smoking (OR:3.41; 1.04-11.16), were significantly associated with a worse prognosis. RF was independently associated with low levels of ApoH (OR: 5.12; 2.02-1.94), while high levels of IL15 behaved as a protective factor (OR:0.30; 0.12-0.71)., Discussion: Therefore, in hospitalized influenza patients, a dysregulated early immune response is associated with a worse outcome. Adequate plasma levels of ApoH are protective against severe influenza and RF and High levels of IL15 protect against RF., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Garcinuño, Lalueza, Gil-Etayo, Díaz-Simón, Lizasoain, Moraga, Diaz-Benito, Naranjo, Cabrera-Marante, Pleguezuelo, Ruiz-Ruigomez, Ayuso, Arrieta, Folgueira, Paz-Artal, Cueto, Lumbreras, Serrano and Serrano.)

Objective: To compare characteristics, pregnancies and treatments during pregnancies of seronegative and seropositive antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), to analyse factors associated with obstetrical outcome., Patients and Methods: Inclusion criteria were: (1) thrombotic and/or obstetrical APS (Sydney criteria); (2) absence of conventional antiphospholipid antibodies (APL); (3) at least one persistent non-conventional APL among IgA anticardiolipin antibodies, IgA anti-B2GPI, anti-vimentin G/M, anti-annexin V G/M, anti-phosphatidylethanolamine G/M and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin G/M antibodies. The exclusion criteria were: (1) systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) or SLE-like disease; and (2) other connective tissue disease., Results: A total of 187 women (mean 33±5 years) with seronegative APS were included from 14 centres in Austria, Spain, Italy, Slovenia and France and compared with 285 patients with seropositive APS. Seronegative APS has more obstetrical rather than thrombotic phenotypes, with only 6% of venous thrombosis in comparison to seropositive APS. Cumulative incidence of adverse obstetrical events was similar in seronegative and seropositive APS patients, although higher rates of intrauterine deaths (15% vs 5%; p=0.03), of preeclampsia (7% vs 16%, p=0.048) and lower live birth term (36±3 vs 38±3 weeks of gestation; p=0.04) were noted in seropositive APS. The cumulative incidence of adverse obstetrical events was significantly improved in treated versus untreated seronegative APS (log rank<0.05), whereas there was no difference between patients who received aspirin or aspirin-low-molecular weighted heparin combination., Conclusion: Several non-criteria APL can be detected in patients with clinical APS features without any conventional APL, with various rates. The detection of non-criteria APL and thus the diagnosis of seronegative APS could discuss the therapeutic management similar to seropositive APS, but well-designed controlled studies are necessary., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)