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Because nonselective cycloooxygenase (COX) inhibition attenuated anorexia after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, we tested the ability of resveratrol (2.5, 10, and 40 mg/kg) and NS-398 (2.5, 10, and 40 mg/kg), selective inhibitors of the two COX isoforms COX-1 and -2, respectively, to attenuate LPS (100 [micro]g/kg ip)-induced anorexia. NS-398 (10 and 40 mg/kg) administered with LPS at lights out attenuated LPS-induced anorexia, whereas resveratrol at all doses tested did not. Because prostaglandin (PG) E2 is considered the major metabolite synthesized by COX, we measured plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PGE2 levels after LPS administration. LPS induced a time-dependent increase of PG[E.sub.2] in CSF but not in plasma. NS-398 (5, 10, and 40 mg/kg) blocked the LPS-induced increase in CSF PG[E.sub.2], whereas resveratrol (10 mg/kg) did not. These results support a role of COX-2 in mediating the anorectic response to peripheral LPS and point at PG[E.sub.2] as a potential neuromodulator involved in this response. NS-398; resveratrol; prostaglandin [E.sub.2]; food intake; fever

Cytokine-cytokine and cytokine-neurotransmitter-neuropeptide interactions are pivotal for the magnitude of neurological and psychiatric manifestations, neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory responses, and neurological complications of disorders associated with increased cytokine production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the association of brain immune response to reciprocal interactions of cytokines, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Implications of inflammatory cytokines for the magnitude of disease; Effect of the disregulation of cytokine balance.