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5 results on '"Plant Breeding Institute [Kiel]"'

1. The wheat Sr50 gene reveals rich diversity at a cereal disease resistance locus

Author

Sonia Vautrin, Rohit Mago, Peng Zhang, Evans Lagudah, J. G. Ellis, Urmil Bansal, Haydar Karaoglu, Harbans Bariana, Ming-Cheng Luo, Hana Šimková, Robert A. McIntosh, Hélène Bergès, Sambasivam Periyannan, Robert F. Park, Jaroslav Doležel, Yue Jin, Wolfgang Spielmeyer, Matthew N. Rouse, James A. Kolmer, Michael Ayliffe, Peter N. Dodds, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Plant Breeding Institute [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales (CNRGV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Plant Sciences, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IEB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Grains Research and Development Corporation [CSP00161, US00063], and National Program of Sustainability I [LO1204]

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Genetics, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Haplotype, Virulence, food and beverages, Locus (genetics), Plant Science, Plant disease resistance, biology.organism_classification, Stem rust, Complementation, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Gene, Ug99
Abstract

International audience; We identify the wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr50 (using physical mapping, mutation and complementation) as homologous to barley Mla, encoding a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) protein. We show that Sr50 confers a unique resistance specificity different from Sr31 and other genes on rye chromosome 1RS, and is effective against the broadly virulent Ug99 race lineage. Extensive haplotype diversity at the rye Sr50 locus holds promise for mining effective resistance genes.

Published
2015
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2. Genome-based analysis of the transcriptome from mature chickpea root nodules

Author

Fabian eAfonso-Grunz, Carlos eMolina, Klaus eHoffmeier, Lukas eRycak, Himabindu eKudapa, Rajeev K Varshney, Jean-Jacques eDrevon, Peter eWinter, Guenter eKahl, Institute for Molecular BioSciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, GenXpro GmBH, Plant Breeding Institute [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), BMBF IGSTC, Aquarhiz, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Root nodule, expression génique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RT-PCR, nodosité racinaire, Plant Science, DeepSuperSAGE, lcsh:Plant culture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene expression, lcsh:SB1-1110, Serial analysis of gene expression, Original Research Article, analyse du transcriptome, pois chiche, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Gene Expression Profiling, Root Nodules, Cicer arietinum, chickpea genome sequence, Abiotic stress, fixation symbiotique de l'azote, séquence du génome, Gene expression profiling, ddc:580, Adaptation, Root Nodules, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in root nodules of grain legumes such as chickpea is a highly complex process that drastically affects the gene expression patterns of both the prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic interacting cells. A successfully established symbiotic relationship requires mutual signaling mechanisms and a continuous adaptation of the metabolism of the involved cells to varying environmental conditions. Although some of these processes are well understood today many of the molecular mechanisms underlying SNF, especially in chickpea, remain unclear. Here, we reannotated our previously published transcriptome data generated by deepSuperSAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) to the recently published draft genome of chickpea to assess the root- and nodule-specific transcriptomes of the eukaryotic host cells. The identified gene expression patterns comprise up to 71 significantly differentially expressed genes and the expression of twenty of these was validated by quantitative real-time PCR with the tissues from five independent biological replicates. Many of the differentially expressed transcripts were found to encode proteins implicated in sugar metabolism, antioxidant defense as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses of the host cells, and some of them were already known to contribute to SNF in other legumes. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study represent candidates that can be used for further characterization of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying SNF in chickpea.

Published
2014
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3. Major Gene for Field Stem Rust Resistance Co-Locates with Resistance Gene Sr12 in ‘Thatcher’ Wheat

Author

Wolfgang Spielmeyer, James A. Kolmer, Colin W. Hiebert, Curt A. McCartney, Frédéric Choulet, Harbans Bariana, Tom Fetch, Jordan Briggs, Matthew N. Rouse, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Agriculture Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Breeding Institute [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Agriculture Research Service - Cereal Disease Laboratory, Agriculture and Food, Universidad de La Rioja (UR), USDA-ARS Appropriated Project [5062-21220-021-00], USDA-ARS National Plant Disease Recovery System, Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project, Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund [20080009], Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Growing Forward, Genome Canada, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Western Grain Research Foundation, Spielmeyer, Wolfgang, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), and Cornell University [New York]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Stem rust, 01 natural sciences, Geographical Locations, lcsh:Science, Triticum, Disease Resistance, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Plant Stems, Chromosome Biology, Chromosome Mapping, food and beverages, Agriculture, Plants, Major gene, Phenotype, Wheat, Research Article, Canada, Genotype, Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Crops, Biology, Plant disease resistance, Quantitative trait locus, Research and Analysis Methods, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Chromosomes, Plant, Chromosomes, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene mapping, Gene family, Grasses, Molecular Biology Techniques, education, Molecular Biology, Plant Diseases, Puccinia, Basidiomycota, Gene Mapping, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Epistasis, Genetic, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Kenya, 030104 developmental biology, Seedlings, Genetic Loci, People and Places, Africa, North America, lcsh:Q, Crop Science, Cereal Crops, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis (Pgt), is a damaging disease of wheat that can be controlled by utilizing effective stem rust resistance genes. ` Thatcher' wheat carries complex resistance to stem rust that is enhanced in the presence of the resistance gene Lr34. The purpose of this study was to examine APR in ` Thatcher' and look for genetic interactions with Lr34. A RIL population was tested for stem rust resistance in field nurseries in Canada, USA, and Kenya. BSA was used to find SNP markers associated with reduced stem rust severity. A major QTL was identified on chromosome 3BL near the centromere in all environments. Seedling testing showed that Sr12 mapped to the same region as the QTL for APR. The SNP markers were physically mapped and the region carrying the resistance was searched for sequences with homology to members of the NB-LRR resistance gene family. SNP marker from one NB-LRR-like sequence, NB-LRR3 co-segregated with Sr12. Two additional populations, including one that lacked Lr34, were tested in field nurseries. NB-LRR3 mapped near the maximum LOD for reduction in stem rust severity in both populations. Lines from a population that segregated for Sr12 and Lr34 were tested for seedling Pgt biomass and infection type, as well as APR to field stem rust which showed an interaction between the genes. We concluded that Sr12, or a gene closely linked to Sr12, was responsible for ` Thatcher'-derived APR in several environments and this resistance was enhanced in the presence of Lr34.

Published
2016
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4. Crop wild relative populations of Beta vulgaris allow direct mapping of agronomically important genes.

Author

Capistrano-Gossmann GG, Ries D, Holtgräwe D, Minoche A, Kraft T, Frerichmann SLM, Rosleff Soerensen T, Dohm JC, González I, Schilhabel M, Varrelmann M, Tschoep H, Uphoff H, Schütze K, Borchardt D, Toerjek O, Mechelke W, Lein JC, Schechert AW, Frese L, Himmelbauer H, Weisshaar B, and Kopisch-Obuch FJ

Subjects
Alleles, Crops, Agricultural genetics, Disease Resistance genetics, Ecosystem, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Variation, Genome, Plant, Geography, Hybridization, Genetic, Open Reading Frames, Phenotype, Plant Breeding, Plant Diseases genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA Interference, Beta vulgaris genetics, Contig Mapping, Gene Editing, Genes, Plant
Abstract

Rapid identification of agronomically important genes is of pivotal interest for crop breeding. One source of such genes are crop wild relative (CWR) populations. Here we used a CWR population of <200 wild beets (B. vulgaris ssp. maritima), sampled in their natural habitat, to identify the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) resistance gene Rz2 with a modified version of mapping-by-sequencing (MBS). For that, we generated a draft genome sequence of the wild beet. Our results show the importance of preserving CWR in situ and demonstrate the great potential of CWR for rapid discovery of causal genes relevant for crop improvement. The candidate gene for Rz2 was identified by MBS and subsequently corroborated via RNA interference (RNAi). Rz2 encodes a CC-NB-LRR protein. Access to the DNA sequence of Rz2 opens the path to improvement of resistance towards rhizomania not only by marker-assisted breeding but also by genome editing.

Published
2017
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5. The B2 flowering time locus of beet encodes a zinc finger transcription factor.

Author

Dally N, Xiao K, Holtgräwe D, and Jung C

Subjects
Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis metabolism, Beta vulgaris metabolism, Plant Proteins metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism, Beta vulgaris genetics, Genetic Loci physiology, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins genetics, Transcription Factors genetics, Zinc Fingers genetics
Abstract

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) is a biennial root crop that grows vegetatively in the first year and starts shoot elongation (bolting) and flowering after exposure to cold temperatures over winter. Early bolting before winter is controlled by the dominant allele of the B locus. Recently, the BOLTING time control 1 (BTC1) gene has been cloned from this locus. BTC1 promotes early bolting through repression of the downstream bolting repressor B. vulgaris flowering locus T1 (BvFT1) and activation of the downstream floral activator BvFT2. We have identified a new bolting locus B2 acting epistatically to B. B2 houses a transcription factor which is diurnally regulated and acts like BTC1 upstream of BvFT1 and BvFT2. It was termed BvBBX19 according to its closest homolog from Arabidopsis thaliana. The encoded protein has two conserved domains with homology to zinc finger B-boxes. Ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutations within the second B-box caused up-regulation of BvFT1 and complete down-regulation of BvFT2. In Arabidopsis, the expression of FT is promoted by the B-box containing protein CONSTANS (CO). We performed a phylogenetic analysis with B-box genes from beet and A. thaliana but only BvCOL1 clustered with CO. However, BvCOL1 had been excluded as a CO ortholog by previous studies. Therefore, a new model for flowering induction in beet is proposed in which BTC1 and BvBBX19 complement each other and thus acquire a CO function to regulate their downstream targets BvFT1 and BvFT2.

Published
2014
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