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Large reserves of Baikal siderite ores require the development and implementation of methods for using them in metallurgical processing, both in pure form and in a mixture with other ores (for example, magnetite, brown iron ore). One of the methods of using a charge consisting of a mixture of siderite ore and brown iron ore in the production of a sinter is considered. In order to optimize the sintering process, the mechanism of the main reactions occurring in the sintering layer was studied. Knowing the thermal effects of these reactions, it is possible to determine the amount of heat required for the sintering process and obtain data on the consumption of solid fuel in the production of an agglomerate with the required properties. Results of studies using an experimental setup are presented. Influence of ore size, solid fuel consumption, layer height, and the ratio of siderite ore and brown iron ore contents in the charge was established. To obtain the necessary information with a minimum number of experiments performed, the method of planning experiments was used. The work results have a practical orientation, as they indicate the possibility of using siderite ores in metallurgical enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The riparian green space covers the inner buffer zone to maintain the ecological characteristics of the river and the outer coordination green zone to serve the adjacent urban–rural functional areas. The complex topography and landform of mountainous areas make riparian green space closely connected with the natural process and spatial function, which is the focus of urban and rural construction. However, the “out-of-context” and “one-size-fits-all” means of multi-department planning have separated the natural process maintenance and constructive utilization of riparian green space in urban–rural areas, resulting in serious conflicts between protection and development and low control effectiveness. Under the background of prioritization of ecology and the control of urban–rural spatial resources in the whole region, we draw lessons from the theories and methods of related disciplines and takes the integration of protection and utilization as the basis point. We present a new conceptual framework that follows the natural ecological characteristics of rivers and appropriately integrates the demands of urban–rural development and construction, and discusses the differentiated planning and regulation method of riparian green space in mountainous urban–rural areas based on transect zoning. This conceptual framework not only ensures the healthy operation of the ecosystem inside the riparian zone, but also improves the composite service function outside the riparian zone, and minimizes the impact of urban–rural construction on the riparian zone.

Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research work was based on the development of an intelligent mobility system model to strengthen the planning urban services from the perception of university students in the canton of Jipijapa, through a state-of-the-art analysis of intelligent mobility models, the identification of theoretical dimensions and the demonstration of their validity and reliability. The five dimensions of the SERVQUAL model were part of the theoretical framework. The methodology used in this study emerges from a positivist paradigm, with a quantitative approach, correlational scope, and a cross-sectional applied research design. The hypotheticodeductive, bibliographic, analytical, synthetic and statistical methods were used in the process by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In addition, a survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire as the main data collection technique, targeting university students. Various technological tools, such as Bizagi, SPSS Estatistics, Amos, Excel and Vosviewer programs, were also used in this study for data analysis and visualization of results. The results obtained showed that the proposed model has relevant fit indices and statistically significant standardized factor loadings in the dimensions tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, safety and empathy, key elements for improving urban transportation service planning. In conclusion, the model proposed in this research work is a contribution to the existing models as a tool for planning urban services in order to improve the user experience and the efficiency of the transport system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of choosing the solution composition for the chemical removal of diffusion coatings during the repair of gas turbine engine blades are presented. The optimum solution composition with the least influence on the structure of the blade material is determined by mathematical design of experiment. The parameters (temperature, time) of removing a protective coating have been established in order to minimize the effect on the blade alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of an integrated energy system (IES) is conducive to promoting the transformation of the energy system and helping to achieve the 'double carbon' goal in China. The IES integrates cooling, heating, electricity, gas, and other energy resources, which is significantly more difficult than single energy network planning. This paper systematically sorts out the process of IES network planning and proposes an improved methodology. Firstly, the bottom-up dynamic multiple-load forecasting method of 8760 h a year is proposed as the basis of system configuration and capacity selection. Subsequently, a planning method for energy station location and route optimization using the Dijkstra algorithm is constructed by applying the P-median optimization model. Finally, when optimizing the capacity allocation of the IES, the complementary characteristics of natural gas, electricity and heat, as well as the corresponding energy demand characteristic, have been fully considered, so that the optimization objectives can be reasonably determined. Through the actual calculation, it is found that the optimization method proposed in this paper can reduce the construction cost of the network by 41%. The work combines the process of energy network planning and capacity configuration of IES, which provides a simple, easy and economical solution for IES planning in new areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the effectiveness of the avoidance trajectory planning method of redundant robot, based on the simplification of the redundant seven-degree-of-freedom structure, this paper conducts kinematics and dynamics modeling of the manipulator, and analyzes the inverse kinematics of the seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator. Moreover, this paper studies the path planning algorithm based on RRT, and applies the Bi-RRT algorithm to perform path planning. In addition, this paper combines the obstacle avoidance requirements and path planning requirements of redundant robots to construct an intelligent model to realize automatic obstacle avoidance trajectory planning. Finally, this paper verifies the effect through simulation experiments. The experimental research results show that the obstacle avoidance trajectory planning method of redundant robots based on improved Bi-RRT proposed in this paper has good results and can effectively improve the efficiency of redundant robot trajectory planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The shared energy storage service provided by independent energy storage operators (IESO) has a wide range of application prospects, but when faced with the interrelated and uncertain output of renewable energy on the supply side, how to size for energy storage capacity is a highly challenging problem. To this end, this paper firstly proposes a hybrid shared energy storage framework, in which the private energy storage of power suppliers and IESO jointly provide shared energy storage services for users. To generate low-dimensional scenarios that consider the correlation between the multiple uncertainties of wind and solar generation, combining the Kernel function estimation and the Gaussian mixture model forms the Bayesian estimation to fit the historical generation curve precisely. The uncertain output of same generation resources is coupled based on Kullback-Leibler divergence. The Frank-Copula function is used to couple the uncertain output between diverse generation resources. The energy storage planning problem is formulated as a Bayesian distributionally robust optimization model. The related algorithms are designed to solve the model. The effectiveness of the proposed uncertainties coupling and capacity sizing method is validated through a case study in the IEEE 118-bus system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CEA is the property of Revista CEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sponge city special planning represents a basis for sponge city construction in China. It has a leading role in problem-oriented, effect-centered comprehensive, and coordinated construction. In accordance with the Interim Provisions on the Formulation of Sponge City Special Planning, China has gradually established a standardized method for formulating sponge city special planning based on the “four-water” framework. While this method emphasizes the normalization of planning contents, it has limitations when dealing with regional characteristics. The present paper clarifies the purposes and demands of formulating sponge city special planning for semi-arid valley cities in northwestern China. It furthermore highlights the limitations of the standard method and suggests a three-level optimization, i.e., problem identification, target indicators, and system construction. Based on the framework of “mountain management–water management–moist city,” this paper proposes a set of ideas for formulating sponge city special planning. In this regard, the discussions are based on the formulation practice of Xining.

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For satisfying the growing demand of parking in urban area and relieving traffic congestion in downtown, under the condition of urban subway park-and-ride (P&R), the methods of site selection and scale calculation of parking lots are studied. Selecting Xi'an Rd. business circle in Dalian as study object, both survey and analysis of parking demand were conducted. Based on the principle of random equilibrium selection, the logit model of P&R demand was constructed. Then the forecasting models of parking demand both in downtown and peripheral zones were proposed respectively. Using the minimum travel distance of vehicles as the objective function, site selection optimization model of P&R station was constructed. The calculation methods of scale for parking lots in both downtown and P&R station were also processed. For the case of Xi'an Rd. business circle, not only the site of P&R station was planned, but the scale of parking berth was calculated. According to the plan and calculation, the total number of parking berth has increased from 3380 to 4011. Among the planned berths, 75.7 % are in the business circle and 24.3 % in P&R stations are outside downtown. Thus, the number of planned berths in the business circle has actually decreased by about 8 %. The research indicates that, for downtown with subway system, by reducing parking berths in downtown and increasing them in P&R stations outside the urban area, this planning method is more beneficial to relieve the problems of parking and traffic congestion in downtown than traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the integration of wind power, photovoltaic, and other new energy into the grid, the growth of carbon emissions has been effectively suppressed, which greatly contributes to the realization of the “Carbon peak, Carbon neutral’’. However, the randomness and instability of new energy generation also greatly affect the stable operation of the power grid. At present, the combination of demand response and power system can give full play to the maximum potential of new energy. This is an effective method to realize stable and optimal operation of power system. Based on this, this paper first constructs the SOC output characteristic model of energy storage and considers the DLC and time-of-use price as well as different demand response types. The robust optimization method is used to deal with the uncertainty of demand response. Secondly, a multi-objective function and constraint conditions are constructed to minimize the system planning cost, operation cost, and pollution emission. Finally, the genetic algorithm is used to analyze an example in a certain area of Fujian. In the example, the economy of planning schemes under different robust control parameters is compared and analyzed. The results show that the model and calculation method in this paper are beneficial to delaying the investment in power systems, and can provide decision-making reference for mining and utilizing demand response resources, reducing system planning costs and improving operation efficiency.

In order to improve the comfort and functions of the old living shared space environment, and enhance the suitability of the shared space ecological environment, in this paper, an old living area shared space planning method based on the improvement of the ecological environment is proposed. The ENVI met model combined with one-dimensional and three-dimensional algorithms was established, and the microclimate environment was simulated through the calculation of the thermal stress relation ship between vegetation and air. In addition, the shared space in the old residential area is planned from four aspects: architectural layout, activity venues, landscape greening and road organization. Ac cording to the simulation results of ENVI-met, the layout of the building and the location of the event venue were planned by "bearing the shade and embracing the sun and side by side staggered layout. In the end, road grades and transportation methods combined with plant morphological characteristics were used to complete road organization and land scape greening planning. The experimental results show that the shared space planned by this method can ensure the best environmental suitability and sunshine effect. After planning, its temperature drops by an average of about 12 °C, which can improve the comfort of the human body in the shared space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of retired batteries from electric vehicles as a second-life battery energy storage system has been recognized as a way to break the high investment cost limitation of battery energy storage systems with the associated cost reduction of a park-level integrated energy system. The battery degradation and replacements should be further considered in the planning period, especially compared with new battery energy storage systems. Additionally, there is a lack of discussion on utilizing thermal energy storage systems in coordination with second-life battery to reduce degradation. For this reason, an electric/thermal hybrid energy storage system planning method for park-level integrated energy systems with second-life battery utilization is proposed. A cumulative battery life loss calculation model is developed. A bi-level optimal planning model of electric/thermal hybrid energy storage system using second-life batteries, including an upper-level planning model and a lower-level operating model, is proposed. At the upper level, to maximize the net present value during the planning stage, the capacity of the hybrid energy storage system as well as when the second-life battery energy storage system needs to be replaced are optimized. At the lower level, the operation schemes are optimized to obtain the minimum annual operating cost, which are fed back to the upper level. The proposed method considers continuous capacity degradation of second-life batteries and mutually beneficial relationships between thermal energy storage and second-life batteries. Finally, a case study demonstrates the economic effectiveness and battery service life improvement of the proposed planning method.

Although human-robot work systems seem promising in terms of addressing flexibility due to dynamic changes in market demands, SMEs often do not see their potential when it comes to cycle time requirements. The reason for this is the lack of planning methods capable of mapping dynamic interactions between humans and robots and thus supporting the design phase. This paper discusses different methods for cycle time estimation and explains their drawbacks in applying them. Cycle time values defined by existing estimation approaches vary up to 50% compared to cycle time values identified in real applications due to a number of shortcomings. The authors give examples of implications such as safety, task allocation, applied hardware or operator diversity and highlight requirements for a holistic human-robot cycle time estimation method to overcome the aforementioned challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CEA is the property of Revista CEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background  The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap (SCIP) is a thin, pliable, and versatile flap used mainly for extremities and head and neck reconstruction. Different planning methods have been described, but these are not yet standardized like in other flaps. The aim of this study is to present a fast, effective, and reliable method for SCIP flap planning using computed tomography angiography (CTA). Patients and Methods  Between October 2017 and September 2018, CTA was performed on 40 patients. Preoperative planning of SCIP flaps based on the medial branch was performed analyzing CTA images. The perforating sites of the medial branch on the deep (point D) and superficial fascia (point S) were identified. Distances to those points, from the center of the umbilicus in the "y-axis" and the midline perpendicularly in the "x-axis," were measured. These measurements were transferred to the patient's skin as a guide for dissection. Results  Eighty areas were studied identifying points D and S in CTA. Forty-three SCIP flaps were performed using this planning method. In 100% of the flaps, points D and S matched perfectly with handheld Doppler and surgical findings. Conclusion  Points D and S method for medial branch based SCIP planning with CTA is an easy to learn, efficient, fast, and reliable technique for preoperative planning, allowing a safe and predictable elevation of the flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network function virtualization (NFV) is an obvious change in communication technology,especially for the core network.Firstly,the two level changes between the most obvious and the most far-reaching about element and network construction methods were illustrated and analyzed.In addition,the core network planning generally included the capacity planning and network planning,was closely related to both the NFV cloud,with the decoupling of hardware and software of network element,would change the planning method.Based on this,the effect of NFV on core network element and its planning method in many aspects were illustrated.

Aiming at the balancing/rebalancing problem of mixed-model assembly line(MMAL) caused by customer demand changes, product design development and assembly technology and equipment upgrades, the contents and research progress of MMAL are summarized. Firstly, the research progress and the planning methods are described in the balancing and rebalancing of MMAL. Then, the classification and general solution for MMAL balancing problems are summarized. Finally, this paper puts forwards the future research consideration on the balancing of MMAL.

At present, China is promoting the modernization of territorial space governance, and the territorial space planning system is also being reconstructed. As a response, the spatial planning of metropolitan area is facing the transformation of political logic oriented by ecological civilization and development logic constrained by resources and environment. Based on the transformation of planning logics, the paper clarifies that the spatial planning of metropolitan area is a special planning with the focus on coordinated development of space as the core in the system of territorial space planning, and puts forward the technical framework of the spatial planning of metropolitan area from the two perspectives, namely, corresponding demand objectives and coordination of local conditions. Based on the above new requirements, the paper considers that the planning should focus on the formulation of conduction and coordination- oriented index system, the optimal allocation and regulation of liquidity factor resources, the planning of spatial pattern of coordinated control and utilization, and the spatial cooperation of cross- border groups. In view of the lack of a unified implementation subject, this paper puts forward the organizational mode of spatial planning compilation in different types of metropolitan areas. Regional cooperation mechanism, dynamic monitoring of the plan, and co-construction of information platform for management, are also proposed. Through the systematic discussion on the spatial planning of metropolitan area, this paper will provide theoretical basis and methodological guidance for the compilation of the forthcoming spatial planning and the modernization of the spatial governance of metropolitan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper developed methods of automobile industry planning and process analysis. Traditional industry engineering and simulation method took long implementation time and high investment cost, and couldn’t efficiently support the planning task in real business. This research proposed a new simulation framework called EVA model, which was based on DEVS theory, and integrated it with industry Internet of things technology, as an agile production line planning and analyzing method. It implemented the new method in an upgrading planning process of a balance shaft production line. The result approves that the new method can enhance the modeling and simulation efficiency and support the planning task more effectively in the automobile industry. This paper also provided valuable implication, on realizing an efficient and effective interaction between physical world and virtual information world, and promoting a deeper integration of IoT technology and digital technology in manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Automatisierungstechnik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights • We propose a new planning method to reduce the use of the range shifter. • We improved plan quality and dose calculation accuracy with this new method. • The method is applied to 5 clinical cases to show its impact in clinical practice. Abstract Purpose To implement a new proton therapy planning method for the treatment of shallow lesions with PBS and to compare it to the standard method. Methods and materials In order to treat shallow lesions, a pre-absorber, usually called range-shifter (RS), is needed: it is used to degrade the beam energy and treat tumors shallower than the minimum range available. Its use is associated to dose calculation uncertainties and plan quality degradation which should be minimized. We studied five tumor localizations requiring RS and created three plans for each case: a) standard method with the RS close to the patient surface, b) with the RS used only for the shallow part of the tumor (when strictly needed) and completely retracted and c) as the b) approach but with the RS close to the patient. We called these two approaches 'Range Shifter Optimization' (RSO) techniques. We compared those plans in terms of dose distribution quality, delivery time and patient-specific-QA results. Results In most cases a good dose reduction to OARs with no significant loss in terms of target coverage was obtained when the RSO techniques were used. Patient-specific-QA gave very good results in terms of γ-Passing-Rate (PR) (3%, 3 mm) for both RSO techniques (mean 98.09%), while the standard had some very low PR (minimum 81.09%). The delivery time increased (5.0 min on average per treatment) but was still acceptable in terms of patient compliance. Conclusion We developed a new planning technique for shallow lesions and we demonstrated its superiority in terms of both plan quality and patient-specific-QA results with respect to the standard method. This technique is routinely used to treat patients in our center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban River is an important ventilation corridor in cities. With the hydrothermal effect of urban water bodies, the regulation of water micro-climate will have an impact on the wind field in the urban waterfront. In the block, people are the core of the environmental living, and we should evaluate the wind environment with people's feelings. The paper establishes a pedestrian height wind environment assessment method in Changning New District, using CFD simulation method, simulates the wind environment and determines the different types of architectural layout and interface morphology: equal height, from low to high, from high to low, in order to put forward a quiet and comfortable living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the NB-IoT and FDD-LTE joint planning simulation method. Firstly, the performance of NB-IoT is analyzed and the joint planning objectives is proposed: business planning, overall planning and network planning. Then, according to the planning objectives to develop joint planning, including the joint planning of business indicators, frequency and coverage. Finally, the network planning and simulation analysis are carried out. The NB-IoT and FDD-LTE joint planning method will have important guiding significance for the construction of NB-IoT and FDD-LTE combined networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]