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1. Drying of the Martian mesosphere during aphelion induced by lower temperatures

Author

Toledo, Daniel, Rannou, Pascal, Apéstigue, Victor, Rodriguez-Veloso, Raul, Arruego, Ignacio, Martínez, German, Tamppari, Leslie, Munguira, Asier, Lorenz, Ralph, Stcherbinine, Aurélien, Montmessin, Franck, Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin, Patel, Priya, Smith, Michael, Lemmon, Mark, Vicente-Retortillo, Alvaro, Newman, Claire, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Hueso, Ricardo, Bertrand, Tanguy, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Yela, Margarita, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, and Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio

Published
2024
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3. A study of daytime convective vortices and turbulence in the martian Planetary Boundary Layer based on half-a-year of InSight atmospheric measurements and Large-Eddy Simulations

Author

Spiga, Aymeric, Murdoch, Naomi, Lorenz, Ralph, Forget, François, Newman, Claire, Rodriguez, Sébastien, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Banfield, Don, Perrin, Clément, Mueller, Nils T., Lemmon, Mark, Millour, Ehouarn, and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Studying the atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is crucial to understand the climate of a planet. The meteorological measurements by the instruments onboard InSight at a latitude of 4.5$^{\circ}$N make a uniquely rich dataset to study the active turbulent dynamics of the daytime PBL on Mars. Here we use the high-sensitivity continuous pressure, wind, temperature measurements in the first 400 sols of InSight operations (from northern late winter to midsummer) to analyze wind gusts, convective cells and vortices in Mars' daytime PBL. We compare InSight measurements to turbulence-resolving Large-Eddy Simulations (LES). The daytime PBL turbulence at the InSight landing site is very active, with clearly identified signatures of convective cells and a vast population of 6000 recorded vortex encounters, adequately represented by a power-law with a 3.4 exponent. While the daily variability of vortex encounters at InSight can be explained by the statistical nature of turbulence, the seasonal variability is positively correlated with ambient wind speed, which is supported by LES. However, wind gustiness is positively correlated to surface temperature rather than ambient wind speed and sensible heat flux, confirming the radiative control of the daytime martian PBL; and fewer convective vortices are forming in LES when the background wind is doubled. Thus, the long-term seasonal variability of vortex encounters at the InSight landing site is mainly controlled by the advection of convective vortices by ambient wind speed. Typical tracks followed by vortices forming in the LES show a similar distribution in direction and length as orbital imagery., Comment: 44 pages, 19 figures, revised manuscript after peer-reviewed comments for consideration in Journal of Geophysical Research Planets (InSight special issue)

Published
2020
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4. An acoustic investigation of the near-surface turbulence on Mars

Author

Chide, Baptiste, primary, Blanc-Benon, Philippe, additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Jacob, Xavier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lorenz, Ralph D., additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Seel, Fabian, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Stott, Alexander E., additional, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, additional, and Wiens, Roger C., additional

Published
2024
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5. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

Author

Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphaël F., Lognonné, Philippe, Karatekin, Özgür, Perrin, Clément, Martire, Léo, Teanby, Nicholas, Hove, Bart Van, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sébastien, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouarn, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Määttänen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen R., Clinton, John, Stähler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Éric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Véronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Published
2020
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6. Perseverance MEDA Atmospheric Pressure Observations—Initial Results.

Author

Harri, Ari‐Matti, Paton, Mark, Hieta, Maria, Polkko, Jouni, Newman, Claire, Pla‐Garcia, Jorge, Leino, Joonas, Mäkinen, Terhi, Kauhanen, Janne, Jaakonaho, Iina, Sánchez‐Lavega, Agustin, Hueso, Ricardo, Genzer, Maria, Lorenz, Ralph, Lemmon, Mark, Vicente‐Retortillo, Alvaro, Tamppari, Leslie K., Viudez‐Moreiras, Daniel, Torre‐Juarez, Manuel de la, and Savijärvi, Hannu

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC pressure, MARTIAN atmosphere, MARTIAN craters, MARTIAN surface, DUST, ATMOSPHERE
Abstract

The Mars2020 Perseverance Rover landed successfully on the Martian surface on the Jezero Crater floor (18.44°N, 77.45°E) at Martian solar longitude, Ls, ∼5° in February 2021. Since then, it has produced highly valuable environmental measurements with a versatile scientific payload including the MEDA (Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer) suite of environmental sensors. One of the MEDA systems is the PS pressure sensor system, which weighs 40 g and has an estimated absolute accuracy of better than 3.5 Pa and a resolution of 0.13 Pa. We present initial results from the first 414 sols of Martian atmospheric surface pressure observations by the PS, whose performance was found to meet its specifications. Observed sol‐averaged atmospheric pressures follow an anticipated pattern of pressure variation in the course of the advancing season and are consistent with data from other landing missions. The observed daily pressure amplitude varies by ∼2%–5 % of the sol‐averaged pressure, with absolute amplitude 10–35 Pa in an approximately direct relationship with airborne dust. During a regional dust storm, which began at Ls ∼ 135°, the daily pressure amplitude roughly doubled. The daily pressure variations were found to be remarkably sensitive to the seasonal evolution of the atmosphere. In particular, analysis of the daily pressure signature revealed diagnostic information likely related to the regional scale structure of the atmosphere. Comparison of Perseverance pressure observations with data from other landers reveals the global scale seasonal behavior of Mars' atmosphere. Plain Language Summary: Mars2020 Perseverance Rover successfully arrived on Mars in February 2021. It landed in an early Martian spring afternoon in a crater north of Mars' equator called Jezero crater. The rover is equipped with meteorological instruments that have so far produced extensive and valuable data for understanding the Martian atmosphere. One of the meteorological instruments is an accurate and precise pressure sensor. The pressure sensor has revealed large changes in the pressure over the seasons that are related to large changes in the actual mass of the Martian atmosphere. This is in line with seasonal pressure changes measured during previous Mars missions and can be explained as the condensation of the atmosphere onto the Martian poles and its subsequent sublimation. On a shorter time scale, the pressure sensor revealed complex pressure changes over a Martian day. These variations are thought to be related to atmospheric dust, whose ubiquitous nature is known to have a strong influence on the Martian climate. As the seasons progressed, the daily pressure variations morphed to exhibit different patterns likely related to the large‐scale regional changes in the atmosphere. Comparison of Perseverance pressure observations with other landers revealed the global nature of the atmosphere. Key Points: The atmospheric pressure observations by Perseverance Rover have proved to be of excellent quality fulfilling expectationsJezero crater pressure exhibits significant differences to other Martian areas likely due to varying regional geography and solar forcingOverall, the diurnal and seasonal atmospheric pressure cycles at Jezero Crater follow an anticipated pattern of pressure variation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Background levels of methane in Mars’ atmosphere show strong seasonal variations

Author

Webster, Christopher R., Mahaffy, Paul R., Atreya, Sushil K., Moores, John E., Flesch, Gregory J., Malespin, Charles, McKay, Christopher P., Martinez, German, Smith, Christina L., Martin-Torres, Javier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Wong, Michael H., Trainer, Melissa G., Steele, Andrew, Archer, Doug, Sutter, Brad, Coll, Patrice J., Freissinet, Caroline, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Gough, Raina V., House, Christopher H., Pavlov, Alexander, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., Glavin, Daniel P., Pearson, John C., Keymeulen, Didier, Christensen, Lance E., Schwenzer, Susanne P., Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael, Pla-García, Jorge, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro, Kahanpää, Henrik, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Smith, Michael D., Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Hassler, Donald M., Lemmon, Mark, Crisp, Joy, Sander, Stanley P., Zurek, Richard W., and Vasavada, Ashwin R.

Published
2018

8. Measurements of sound propagation in Mars' lower atmosphere

Author

Chide, Baptiste, primary, Jacob, Xavier, additional, Petculescu, Andi, additional, Lorenz, Ralph D., additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Seel, Fabian, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Gillier, Martin, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Lanza, Nina L., additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Leighton, Timothy G., additional, Joseph, Phillip, additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Mimoun, David, additional, Stott, Alexander, additional, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Sánchez-Lavega, Agustin, additional, Martinez, German, additional, Larmat, Carène, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Bernardi, Pernelle, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, and Lepinette, Alain, additional

Published
2023
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11. Wind and turbulence observations with the Mars microphone on Perseverance

Author

Stott, Alexander E., primary, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Gillier, Martin, additional, Banfield, Don, additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, De la Torre Juarez, Manuel, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Martinez, German, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Sotomayor, Luis Mora, additional, Navarro, Sara, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Pla‐Garcia, Jorge, additional, Rodriguez‐Manfredi, Jose Antonio, additional, Sanchez‐Lavega, Agustin, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Moreiras, Daniel Viudez, additional, Williams, Nathan, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, and Mimoun, David, additional

Published
2023
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12. Martian Wind and turbulence heard by the SuperCam microphone on the perseverance rover

Author

Stott, Alexander, primary, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Gillier, Martin, additional, Banfield, Don, additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, De la Torre Juarez, Manuel, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Martinez, German, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Mora Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Navarro, Sara, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Randazzo, Nicolas, additional, Rodriguez Manfredi, Jose Antonio, additional, Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Viudez Moreiras, Daniel, additional, Williams, Nathan, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Wiens, Roger, additional, and Mimoun, David, additional

Published
2023
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14. One Martian Year of MEDA/TIRS observations at the Mars 2020 landing site

Author

Martinez, German, primary, Sebastian, Eduardo, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, Gillespie, Hartzel, additional, Vicente-Retortillo, Alvaro, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Toledo, Daniel, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Apestigue, Victor, additional, Arruego, Ignacio, additional, Fischer, Erik, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, additional, and Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio, additional

Published
2023
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15. Daily and Seasonal Behaviour of Fast Pressure Fluctuations at Jezero Crater

Author

del Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa, primary, Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Lemmon, Mark T., additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Martinez, German, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Viudez, Daniel, additional, de la Torre-Juarez, Manuel, additional, and Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio, additional

Published
2023
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16. Atmospheric movies acquired at the Mars Science Laboratory landing site: Cloud morphology, frequency and significance to the Gale Crater water cycle and Phoenix mission results

Author

Moores, John E., Lemmon, Mark T., Rafkin, Scot C.R., Francis, Raymond, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, de la Torre Juárez, Manuel, Bean, Keri, Kass, David, Haberle, Robert, Newman, Claire, Mischna, Michael, Vasavada, Ashwin, Rennó, Nilton, Bell, Jim, Calef, Fred, Cantor, Bruce, Mcconnochie, Timothy H., Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Wong, Michael, Smith, Michael D., Javier Martín-Torres, F., Zorzano, María-Paz, Kemppinen, Osku, and McCullough, Emily

Published
2015
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17. Observational evidence of a suppressed planetary boundary layer in northern Gale Crater, Mars as seen by the Navcam instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover

Author

Moores, John E., Lemmon, Mark T., Kahanpää, Henrik, Rafkin, Scot C.R., Francis, Raymond, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Bean, Keri, Haberle, Robert, Newman, Claire, Mischna, Michael, Vasavada, Ashwin R., de la Torre Juárez, Manuel, Rennó, Nilton, Bell, Jim, Calef, Fred, Cantor, Bruce, Mcconnochie, Timothy H., Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, Wong, Michael H., Smith, Michael D., Martín-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, María-Paz, Kemppinen, Osku, and McCullough, Emily

Published
2015
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18. Acoustics Reveals Short‐Term Air Temperature Fluctuations Near Mars' Surface

Author

Chide, Baptiste, primary, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Lorenz, Ralph D., additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Sánchez‐Lavega, Agustin, additional, Martinez, German, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Jacob, Xavier, additional, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, additional, Lemmon, Mark T., additional, Banfield, Don, additional, Newman, Claire E., additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Stott, Alexander, additional, Viúdez‐Moreiras, Daniel, additional, Pla‐Garcia, Jorge, additional, Larmat, Carène, additional, Lanza, Nina L., additional, Rodríguez‐Manfredi, José Antonio, additional, and Wiens, Roger C., additional

Published
2022
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19. Nocturnal turbulence at Jezero driven by the onset of a low-level jet as determined from MRAMS modeling and MEDA measurements

Author

Pla-Garcia, Jorge, primary, Munguira, Asier, additional, Rafkin, Scot C.R., additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Sánchez-Lavega, Agustín, additional, de la Torre, Manuel, additional, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, del Río, Teresa, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Martínez, Germán, additional, Savijarvi, Hannu, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Richardon, Mark, additional, and Rodríguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio, additional

Published
2022
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20. The rich meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author

Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose, primary, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Martinez, German, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Hieta, Maria, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Toledo, Daniel, additional, Sebastian, Eduardo, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Jaakonaho, Iina, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, de Vicente-Retortillo, Alvaro, additional, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Lepinette, Alain, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Apestigue, Victor, additional, Conrad, Pamela, additional, Río-Gaztelurrutia, T. del, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Arruego, Ignacio, additional, Banfield, Donald, additional, Boland, Justin, additional, Brown, Adrian, additional, Ceballos, Joaquin, additional, Dominguez-Pumar, Manuel, additional, Espejo, Servando, additional, Fairen, Alberto, additional, Ferrandiz, Ricardo, additional, Fischer, Erik, additional, Garcia-Villadangos, Miriam, additional, Gimenez, Silvia, additional, Gomez-Gomez, Felipe, additional, Guzewich, Scott, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Jimenez, Juan, additional, Jimenez, Vicente, additional, Makinen, Teemu, additional, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, additional, Martin-Rubio, Carolina, additional, Martin-Soler, Javier, additional, Molina, Antonio, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Lopez, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado, Veronica, additional, Perez-Grande, Isabel, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Postigo, Marina, additional, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Romeral, Julio, additional, Romero, Catalina, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, Schofield, John, additional, Torres, Josefina, additional, Urqui, Roser, additional, Zurita, Sofia, additional, and team, MEDA, additional

Published
2022
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21. The dynamic atmospheric and aeolian environment of Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Newman, Claire E., primary, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Lemmon, Mark T., additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro, additional, Apestigue, Víctor, additional, Martínez, Germán M., additional, Toledo, Daniel, additional, Sullivan, Rob, additional, Herkenhoff, Ken E., additional, de la Torre Juárez, Manuel, additional, Richardson, Mark I., additional, Stott, Alexander E., additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Sanchez-Lavega, Agustín, additional, Wolff, Michael J., additional, Arruego, Ignacio, additional, Sebastián, Eduardo, additional, Navarro, Sara, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Lepinette, Alain, additional, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Hieta, Maria, additional, Lorenz, Ralph D., additional, Conrad, Pan, additional, Gómez, Felipe, additional, McConnochie, Timothy H., additional, Mimoun, David, additional, Tate, Christian, additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Bell, James F., additional, Maki, Justin N., additional, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional, Mora, Luis, additional, Baker, Mariah M., additional, Banfield, Don, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Beyssac, Olivier, additional, Brown, Adrian, additional, Clark, Ben, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Fischer, Erik, additional, Patel, Priyaben, additional, del Río-Gaztelurrutia, Teresa, additional, Fouchet, Thierry, additional, Francis, Raymond, additional, and Guzewich, Scott D., additional

Published
2022
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24. More than one Martian year of meteorology observed by the InSight Lander

Author

Forget, François, primary, Banfield, Don, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, Borella, Audran, additional, Lange, Lucas, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Viúdez Moreiras, Daniel, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Navarro, Sara, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Torres-Redondo, Josefina, additional, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio, additional, Lewis, Stephen R., additional, Lorenz, Ralph D., additional, Lognonne, Philippe, additional, and Banerdt, William B., additional

Published
2021
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25. Day-night differences in Mars methane suggest nighttime containment at Gale crater

Author

Webster, Christopher R., primary, Mahaffy, Paul R., additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Rafkin, Scot C. R., additional, Moores, John E., additional, Atreya, Sushil K., additional, Flesch, Gregory J., additional, Malespin, Charles A., additional, Teinturier, Samuel M., additional, Kalucha, Hemani, additional, Smith, Christina L., additional, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, additional, and Vasavada, Ashwin R., additional

Published
2021
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26. Toward More Realistic Simulation and Prediction of Dust Storms on Mars

Author

Newman, Claire, primary, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Battalio, Joseph, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, Juárez, Manuel De La Torre, additional, Elrod, Meredith K., additional, Esposito, Francesca, additional, Fenton, Lori, additional, Gebhardt, Claus, additional, Greybush, Steven J., additional, Guzewich, Scott D., additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Karatekin, Özgür, additional, Jackson, Brian, additional, Lapotre, Mathieu, additional, Lee, Christopher, additional, Lewis, Stephen R., additional, Lorenz, Ralph D., additional, Martínez, Germán, additional, Martin-Torres, Javier, additional, Mischna, Michael A., additional, Montabone, Luca, additional, Neakrase, Lynn, additional, Pankine, Alexey, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Read, Peter L., additional, Smith, Isaac B., additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Soto, Alejandro, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Swann, Christy, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, Temel, Orkun, additional, Moreiras, Daniel Viudez, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, Wolkenberg, Paulina, additional, Wurm, Gerhard, additional, and Zorzano, María-Paz, additional

Published
2021
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28. Toward More Realistic Simulation and Prediction of Dust Storms on Mars

Author

Newman, Claire E, primary, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Battalio, Joseph, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, additional, Elrod, Meredith K, additional, Esposito, Francesca, additional, Fenton, Lori K, additional, Gebhardt, Claus, additional, Greybush, Steven J, additional, Guzewich, Scott D, additional, Kahre, Melinda A, additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Karatekin, Özgür, additional, Jackson, Brian, additional, Lapotre, Mathieu, additional, Lee, Christopher, additional, Lewis, Stephen R, additional, Lorenz, Ralph D, additional, Martínez Martínez, Germán, additional, Martin-Torres, Javier, additional, Mischna, Michael A, additional, Montabone, Luca, additional, Neakrase, Lynn, additional, Pankine, Alexey, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Read, Peter L, additional, Smith, Isaac B, additional, Smith, Michael D, additional, Soto, Alejandro, additional, Spiga, Aymeric, additional, Swann, Christy, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, Temel, Orkun, additional, Viúdez Moreiras, Daniel, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, Wolkenberg, Paulina, additional, Wurm, Gerhard, additional, and Zorzano, María-Paz, additional

Published
2020
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30. The observed winter circulation at InSight’s landing site and its impact on understanding the year-round circulation and aeolian activity in Elysium Planitia and Gale Crater

Author

Newman, Claire, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Baker, Mariah, Lewis, Kevin, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Spiga, Aymeric, Banfield, Don, Teanby, Nick, Forget, François, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Lewis, Stephen, Banks, Maria, Rodriguez, Sébastien, and Lucas, Antoine

Abstract

InSight landed < 550km from the Mars Science Laboratory rover. Both missions carried a suite of meteorological instruments, but MSL’s wind sensor was damaged on landing and failed after ~two Mars years [1]. This made it difficult to characterize the diurnal and seasonal cycles of winds in Gale Crater. Fortunately, InSight’s wind sensor is returning good wind data for the landing season (Ls~300°, northern winter). A complementary presentation provides a detailed look at the observed diurnal cycle of InSight winds and its variability [2].\ud \ud Here, we use atmospheric models, primarily the MarsWRF multi-scale model, run at ~km to 5km scale resolution over the MSL/InSight region, to provide predictions based on our current understanding of the underlying physics. We then improve the models by modifying them to better match the circulation at InSight in northern winter, and use these results to better understand the circulation in Gale Crater. Finally, we extend our simulations over a full Mars year to provide insight into the orientation, morphology, and migration of aeolian features in the vicinity of InSight and MSL.\ud \ud In this region, the large-scale circulation is largely controlled by the seasonal Hadley circulation, with near-surface winds blowing from ~south to north in northern summer and ~north to south in winter. Both landing sites also sit on or close to the hemispheric dichotomy boundary, resulting in daytime upslope flows (from ~north to south) and nighttime downslope flows (from ~south to north); these tend to enhance the Hadley circulation during the daytime in northern winter and at night in summer.\ud \ud For InSight’s location, most models predict winds from between the ~north and west virtually all sol in northern winter [e.g. 3], although there is more model-to-model variation in wind speed. In Gale Crater, however, the situation is complicated by the presence of very large topographic gradients. For example, models suggest that in northern winter the ~north-to-south Hadley circulation winds are enhanced at night by strong downslope winds on the northern rim slopes, resulting in very strong winds at MSL’s location [e.g. 4].\ud \ud Our goal is to develop a model of the seasonal cycle of winds over the entire region which simultaneously matches the InSight and partial MSL wind datasets and the observed aeolian features. Unfortunately, while evidence points toward most aeolian activity near MSL occurring in northern winter at night [5], MSL’s wind sensor was unable to measure nighttime winds well [1]. By measuring regional winds over the full diurnal cycle in northern winter, InSight wind data allow us to (i) directly measure the winds approaching Gale Crater from the ~north, (ii) constrain and improve MarsWRF and other models, and hence (iii) better understand the true nature of the winds and aeolian processes in Gale Crater and over the entire region.\ud \ud [1] Newman, C. E. et al. (2017) Icarus, 291, 203–231. \ud [2] Viúdez-Moreiras, D. et al. (2019) EGU. \ud [3] Spiga et al. (2018) SSR, 214:109. \ud [4] Pla-Garcia, J. et al. (2016), Icarus, 280, 103-113. \ud [5] Viúdez-Moreiras, D. et al. (2019), Icarus, 319, 909-925.

Published
2019

33. Nighttime turbulence at InSight landing site through APSS observations and MRAMS mesoscale modeling.

Author

Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Banfield, Donald, Forget, Francois, Teanby, Nick T., Garcia, Raphael L., Lognonné, Philippe, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Lorenz, Ralph D., Navarro, Sara, Mora, Luis, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Torres, Josefina, Marin, Mercedes, and Lapinette, Alain

Subjects
*BUOYANCY, *GRAVITY waves, *TURBULENCE, *KATABATIC winds, *ATMOSPHERIC temperature, *SPEED, *ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
Abstract

In this study the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (hereafter MRAMS [Rafkin et al. 2001]) has been applied to the landing site (~4.5°N, 136°E in Elysium Planitia) of the InSight mission, that carries onboard the APSS (Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite) including the TWINS (a pair of Wind and Air temperature sensors) package [Spiga et al. 2018; Banfield et al. 2019]. A full diurnal cycle of air temperature, pressure and wind (speed and direction) obtained from InSight APSS Lander during northern winter, at Ls 295 (landing date) and Ls 315, are compared to data from MRAMS using eight nested grids centered over the landing site. The horizontal grid spacing at the center of the eight grids is 240, 80, 26.7, 8.9, 2.96, 0.98, 0.33 and 0.11 km. We extend our simulations over solstices and equinoxes (Ls 0, 90, 180 and 270).For northern winter, previous works [Pla-Garcia et al. 2016] suggest strong northerly winds with afternoon heating of the dichotomy producing an upslope flow that reinforce the northerly large-scale (Hadley Cell) surface daytime winds. Furthermore, the source of air during northern winter is found to be from very deep within the cold northern high latitudes [Pla-Garcia et al. 2018]. First modeling results for Ls 315 (InSight mission sol ~30) at ~2000-2200 LMST show a decrease in cooling rate (a sudden and unexpected increase in air temperature) that could be produced by enhanced turbulence driven by dynamically-induced downslope windstorms related to gravity wave activity, distinctly different than downslope katabatic winds. This gravity wave amplification activity is produced by strong winds interacting with a sharp topography feature, like Elysium Mons. These dynamic phenomena can oppose buoyancy forces and provide a mechanism for warm air to descend or cold air to rise. These scenarios are fairly common near mountainous terrain on Earth, and are responsible for downslope windstorms (e.g., Chinook winds in the lee of the Rocky Mountains and Foehn winds in the lee of the Alps). Northern clouds captured by MSL Navcam during aphelion cloud belt (ACB) could be putative gravity clouds sculpted by those same gravity waves generated by Elysium Mons and highly related with nighttime turbulence at InSight landing site. Those same gravity waves could be produced tosol, but without a visible counterpart. To study next ACB could be an interesting opportunity to validate this hypothesis.At ~21:45-23:45 LMST, the modeling results for Ls 315 show an important increase in both wind velocity (from ~5 to 10 m/s) and turbulent kinetic energy, that could be produced by enhanced turbulence driven by an increasingly strong shear. As the nocturnal inversion develops, the winds above become decoupled from the surface and the decrease in friction produces a net acceleration. Once the critical Richardson Number is reached (Ri ~< 0.25), shear instabilities can mix warmer air aloft down to the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

34. Overview of First Atmospheric Results from InSight.

Author

Spiga, Aymeric, Banfield, Don, Newman, Claire, Lorenz, Ralph, Forget, François, Viudez-Moreira, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Lemmon, Mark, Teanby, Nick, Murdoch, Naomi, Garcia, Raphaël, Lognonné, Philippe, Kenda, Balthasar, Mimoun, David, Karatekin, Ozgur, Lewis, Stephen, Pike, William T., Mueller, Nils, Millour, Ehouarn, and Banerdt, Bruce

Published
2019

37. Vortex-Dominated Aeolian Activity at InSight's Landing Site, Part 1: Multi-Instrument Observations, Analysis, and Implications

Author

Charalambous, Constantinos, McClean, John B., Baker, Mariah, Pike, W. Tom, Golombek, Matthew P., Lemmon, Mark T., Ansan, Véronique, Perrin, Clément, Spiga, Aymeric, Lorenz, Ralph D., Banks, Maria, Murdoch, Naomi, Rodriguez, Sébastien, Weitz, Catherine M., Grant, John, Warner, Nicholas H., Garvin, James, Daubar, Ingrid J., Hauber, Ernst, Stott, Alexander E., Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Warren, Tristram, Navarro, Sara, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Maki, Justin N., Lucas, Antoine, Banfield, Don, Newman, Claire, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Lognonne, Philippe, and Banerdt, William B.

Subjects
aeolian changes at the InSight landing site on Mars, passing vortices lifting dust are correlated with magnetic signatures, 13. Climate action, convective vortices as a primary driver of particle motion, surface creep, dust lifting and saltation, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 14. Life underwater, surface tracks, multi-instrument measurements constrain the timing and atmospheric conditions of aeolian changes, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

We report the aeolian changes observed in situ by NASA's InSight lander during the first 400 sols of operations: Granule creep, saltation, dust removal, and the formation of dark surface tracks. Aeolian changes are infrequent and sporadic. However, on sols, when they do occur, they consistently appear between noon to 3 p.m., and are associated with the passage of convective vortices during periods of high vortex activity. Aeolian changes are more frequent at elevated locations, such as the top surfaces of rocks and lander footpads. InSight observed these changes using, for the first time, simultaneous in-situ and orbital imaging and high-frequency meteorological, seismological, and magnetic measurements. Seismometer measurements of ground acceleration constrain the timing and trajectory of convective vortex encounters, linking surface changes to source vortices. Magnetometer measurements show perturbations in magnetic field strength during the passage of convective vortices consistent with charged-particle motion. Detachment of sand-scale particles occurs when high background winds and vortex-induced turbulence provide a peak surface friction wind speed above the classic saltation fluid threshold. However, detachment of dust- and granule-scale particles also occurred when the surface friction wind speed remained below this threshold. This may be explained by local enhancement of the surface roughness and other effects described here and further studied in Part 2 (Baker et al., 2021). The lack of saltation and bright dust-coated surfaces at the InSight landing site implies surface stability and the onset of particle motion may be suppressed by dust “cushioning.” This differentiates the InSight landing site from other areas on Mars that exhibit more aeolian activity., Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 126 (6), ISSN:0148-0227, ISSN:2169-9097

38. Toward More Realistic Simulation and Prediction of Dust Storms on Mars

Author

Newman, Claire, Bertrand, Tanguy, Battalio, Joseph, Day, Mackenzie, Juárez, Manuel De La Torre, Elrod, Meredith K., Esposito, Francesca, Fenton, Lori, Gebhardt, Claus, Greybush, Steven J., Guzewich, Scott D., Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karatekin, Özgür, Jackson, Brian, Lapotre, Mathieu, Lee, Christopher, Lewis, Stephen R., Lorenz, Ralph D., Martínez, Germán, Martin-Torres, Javier, Mischna, Michael A., Montabone, Luca, Neakrase, Lynn, Pankine, Alexey, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Read, Peter L., Smith, Isaac B., Smith, Michael D., Soto, Alejandro, Spiga, Aymeric, Swann, Christy, Tamppari, Leslie, Temel, Orkun, Moreiras, Daniel Viudez, Wellington, Danika, Wolkenberg, Paulina, Wurm, Gerhard, Zorzano, María-Paz, Newman, Claire, Bertrand, Tanguy, Battalio, Joseph, Day, Mackenzie, Juárez, Manuel De La Torre, Elrod, Meredith K., Esposito, Francesca, Fenton, Lori, Gebhardt, Claus, Greybush, Steven J., Guzewich, Scott D., Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karatekin, Özgür, Jackson, Brian, Lapotre, Mathieu, Lee, Christopher, Lewis, Stephen R., Lorenz, Ralph D., Martínez, Germán, Martin-Torres, Javier, Mischna, Michael A., Montabone, Luca, Neakrase, Lynn, Pankine, Alexey, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Read, Peter L., Smith, Isaac B., Smith, Michael D., Soto, Alejandro, Spiga, Aymeric, Swann, Christy, Tamppari, Leslie, Temel, Orkun, Moreiras, Daniel Viudez, Wellington, Danika, Wolkenberg, Paulina, Wurm, Gerhard, and Zorzano, María-Paz

Abstract

Global dust storms have major implications for the past and present climate, geologic history, habitability, and future exploration of Mars. Yet their mysterious origins mean we remain unable to realistically simulate or predict them. We identify four key Knowledge Gaps and make four Recommendations to make progress in the next decade.

39. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

Author

Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphael F., Logonne, Philippe, Karatekin, Ozgur, Perrin, Clement, Martire, Leo, Teanby, Nicholas, Van Hove, Bart, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sebastian, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouran, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Maattanen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen, Clinton, John, Stahler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Eric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Veronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., Banerdt, W. Bruce, Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphael F., Logonne, Philippe, Karatekin, Ozgur, Perrin, Clement, Martire, Leo, Teanby, Nicholas, Van Hove, Bart, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sebastian, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouran, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Maattanen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen, Clinton, John, Stahler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Eric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Veronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Abstract

The atmosphere of Mars is thin, although rich in dust aerosols, and covers a dry surface. As such, Mars provides an opportunity to expand our knowledge of atmospheres beyond that attainable from the atmosphere of the Earth. The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander is measuring Mars’s atmosphere with unprecedented continu- ity, accuracy and sampling frequency. Here we show that InSight unveils new atmospheric phenomena at Mars, especially in the higher-frequency range, and extends our understanding of Mars’s meteorology at all scales. InSight is uniquely sensitive to large- scale and regional weather and obtained detailed in situ coverage of a regional dust storm on Mars. Images have enabled high- altitude wind speeds to be measured and revealed airglow—faint emissions produced by photochemical reactions—in the middle atmosphere. InSight observations show a paradox of aeolian science on Mars: despite having the largest recorded Martian vortex activity and dust-devil tracks close to the lander, no visible dust devils have been seen. Meteorological measurements have pro- duced a catalogue of atmospheric gravity waves, which included bores (soliton-like waves). From these measurements, we have discovered Martian infrasound and unexpected similarities between atmospheric turbulence on Earth and Mars. We suggest that the observations of Mars’s atmosphere by InSight will be key for prediction capabilities and future exploration.

40. Toward More Realistic Simulation and Prediction of Dust Storms on Mars

Author

Newman, Claire, Bertrand, Tanguy, Battalio, Joseph, Day, Mackenzie, Juárez, Manuel De La Torre, Elrod, Meredith K., Esposito, Francesca, Fenton, Lori, Gebhardt, Claus, Greybush, Steven J., Guzewich, Scott D., Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karatekin, Özgür, Jackson, Brian, Lapotre, Mathieu, Lee, Christopher, Lewis, Stephen R., Lorenz, Ralph D., Martínez, Germán, Martin-Torres, Javier, Mischna, Michael A., Montabone, Luca, Neakrase, Lynn, Pankine, Alexey, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Read, Peter L., Smith, Isaac B., Smith, Michael D., Soto, Alejandro, Spiga, Aymeric, Swann, Christy, Tamppari, Leslie, Temel, Orkun, Moreiras, Daniel Viudez, Wellington, Danika, Wolkenberg, Paulina, Wurm, Gerhard, Zorzano, María-Paz, Newman, Claire, Bertrand, Tanguy, Battalio, Joseph, Day, Mackenzie, Juárez, Manuel De La Torre, Elrod, Meredith K., Esposito, Francesca, Fenton, Lori, Gebhardt, Claus, Greybush, Steven J., Guzewich, Scott D., Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karatekin, Özgür, Jackson, Brian, Lapotre, Mathieu, Lee, Christopher, Lewis, Stephen R., Lorenz, Ralph D., Martínez, Germán, Martin-Torres, Javier, Mischna, Michael A., Montabone, Luca, Neakrase, Lynn, Pankine, Alexey, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Read, Peter L., Smith, Isaac B., Smith, Michael D., Soto, Alejandro, Spiga, Aymeric, Swann, Christy, Tamppari, Leslie, Temel, Orkun, Moreiras, Daniel Viudez, Wellington, Danika, Wolkenberg, Paulina, Wurm, Gerhard, and Zorzano, María-Paz

Abstract

Global dust storms have major implications for the past and present climate, geologic history, habitability, and future exploration of Mars. Yet their mysterious origins mean we remain unable to realistically simulate or predict them. We identify four key Knowledge Gaps and make four Recommendations to make progress in the next decade.

41. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

Author

Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphael F., Logonne, Philippe, Karatekin, Ozgur, Perrin, Clement, Martire, Leo, Teanby, Nicholas, Van Hove, Bart, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sebastian, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouran, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Maattanen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen, Clinton, John, Stahler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Eric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Veronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., Banerdt, W. Bruce, Banfield, Don, Spiga, Aymeric, Newman, Claire, Forget, François, Lemmon, Mark, Lorenz, Ralph, Murdoch, Naomi, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Garcia, Raphael F., Logonne, Philippe, Karatekin, Ozgur, Perrin, Clement, Martire, Leo, Teanby, Nicholas, Van Hove, Bart, Maki, Justin N., Kenda, Balthasar, Mueller, Nils T., Rodriguez, Sebastian, Kawamura, Taichi, McClean, John B., Stott, Alexander E., Charalambous, Constantinos, Millour, Ehouran, Johnson, Catherine L., Mittelholz, Anna, Maattanen, Anni, Lewis, Stephen, Clinton, John, Stahler, Simon C., Ceylan, Savas, Giardini, Domenico, Warren, Tristram, Pike, William T., Daubar, Ingrid, Golombek, Matthew, Rolland, Lucie, Widmer-Schnidrig, Rudolf, Mimoun, David, Beucler, Eric, Jacob, Alice, Lucas, Antoine, Baker, Mariah, Ansan, Veronique, Hurst, Kenneth, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Navarro, Sara, Torres, Josefina, Lepinette, Alain, Molina, Antonio, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Peinado, Veronica, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose-Antonio, Carcich, Brian T., Sackett, Stephen, Russell, Christopher T., Spohn, Tilman, Smrekar, Suzanne E., and Banerdt, W. Bruce

Abstract

The atmosphere of Mars is thin, although rich in dust aerosols, and covers a dry surface. As such, Mars provides an opportunity to expand our knowledge of atmospheres beyond that attainable from the atmosphere of the Earth. The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander is measuring Mars’s atmosphere with unprecedented continu- ity, accuracy and sampling frequency. Here we show that InSight unveils new atmospheric phenomena at Mars, especially in the higher-frequency range, and extends our understanding of Mars’s meteorology at all scales. InSight is uniquely sensitive to large- scale and regional weather and obtained detailed in situ coverage of a regional dust storm on Mars. Images have enabled high- altitude wind speeds to be measured and revealed airglow—faint emissions produced by photochemical reactions—in the middle atmosphere. InSight observations show a paradox of aeolian science on Mars: despite having the largest recorded Martian vortex activity and dust-devil tracks close to the lander, no visible dust devils have been seen. Meteorological measurements have pro- duced a catalogue of atmospheric gravity waves, which included bores (soliton-like waves). From these measurements, we have discovered Martian infrasound and unexpected similarities between atmospheric turbulence on Earth and Mars. We suggest that the observations of Mars’s atmosphere by InSight will be key for prediction capabilities and future exploration.

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