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Combet, S., L. Teillet, G. Geelen, B. Pitrat, R. Gobin, S. Nielsen, M.-M. Trinh-Trang-Tan, B. Corman, and J.-M. Verbavatz. Food restriction prevents age-related polyuria by vasopressin-dependent recruitment of aquaporin-2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281: F1123--F1131, 2001. First published August 8, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.00139.2001.--The mechanisms underlying the prevention of age-related polyuria by chronic food restriction were investigated in female WAG/Rij rats. The decreased osmolality of renal papilla observed in senescent rats was not corrected by food restriction. A reduced urea content in the inner medulla of senescent rats, fed ad libitum or food-restricted, was suggested by the marked decrease in expression of UT-A1 and UT-B1 urea transporters. Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) downregulation in the inner medulla of senescent rats was partially prevented by food restriction. Both AQP2 and the phosphorylated form of AQP2 (p-AQP2), the presence of which was diffuse within the cytoplasm of collecting duct principal cells in normally fed senescent rats, were preferentially targeted at the apical region of the cells in food-restricted senescent animals. Plasma vasopressin (AVP) was similar in 10- and 30-mo-old rats fed ad libitum, but was doubled in foodrestricted 30-mo-old rats. This study indicates that 1) kidney aging is associated with a marked decrease in AQP2, UT-A1, and UT-B1 expression in the inner medulla and a reduced papillary osmolality; and 2) the prevention of age-related polyuria by chronic food restriction occurs through an improved recruitment of AQP2 and p-AQP2 to the apical membrane in inner medulla principal cells, permitted by increased plasma AVP concentration. kidney aging; phosphorylation; urea transporters Received 4 May 2001; accepted in final form 9 August 2001

Introduction: The smartphones generalisation allows the development of attractive "real-life" monitoring tools for care and research enabling the measurement of addictive behaviours and comorbidities such as sleep disorders. The study objective was to assess the interest of a mobile app collecting such information among adolescents with addictive behaviours in order to enhance the availability of behavioural data in consultation., Methods: An open label randomised pilot study was held along two parallel arms. The patients randomised to the intervention group (n=18) used a mobile app to provide daily data for 15 days relating to their sleep and their behaviour (addictive behaviours with or without substances). The patients in the control group (n=18) used a paper diary allowing the collection of the same data, only the medium differed., Results: The patients' median age was 16 years [15.0-16.5]. A median of 67% and 10% of the expected information was completed respectively in the intervention and control groups during the 15 days of follow-up and could be used in consultation (P=0.08). The patient's knowledge, attitudes, intentions to change, behaviour change and seeking help related to the use of the diaries appeared higher in the intervention group (20.5/30) than in the control group (11/20)., Conclusion: This study described the high patient compliance with the data collection by means of the app. The diary app seems to have been more impactful for patients than the paper diary. This app could represent an important tool to improve the therapeutic alliance and care due to a better knowledge of the behaviours on the part of the clinician but also a better awareness of the patients themselves., (Copyright © 2023 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In contrast to the classic models in psychopathology, the network model considers that the temporal interactions between symptoms are the causes of their occurrence. This model could also be particularly suitable for understanding the processes involved in post-stroke depression. The aim of this paper is to perform a network analysis in order to describe the temporal dynamic of the links existing between depression symptoms during the acute phase after stroke. Twenty-five patients (64% male, mean age 58.1±14.9 years old) hospitalized for a minor stroke (no neurocognitive or motor impairment) were involved in an Ecological Momentary Assessment methodology-based study. They used a smartphone application in order to complete four brief questionnaires each day during the week after hospital discharge. The questionnaire included 7-point Likert scales to measure the severity of the following depressive symptoms: sadness, anhedonia, fatigue, diminished concentration ability, negative thoughts on oneself, pessimism. We used Multilevel Vector Autoregressive analysis to describe the temporal links between those symptoms. We used the software R 3.6.0 with the mlVAR package. The p-value was set at .05. The results show two independent symptoms networks. The first one involves the anhedonia, fatigue, negative thoughts on oneself and sadness. It shows that: anhedonia predicts the activation of later fatigue (β=0.135, P=0.037) and later negative thoughts (β=0.152, P=0.019); negative thoughts predict later negative thoughts (β=0.143, P=0.028) and later sadness (β=0.171, P=0.021); fatigue predicts later fatigue (β=0.261, P<0.000). Pessimism and diminished concentration ability compose the second network, and the results show that pessimism predicts later pessimism (β=0.215, P=0.012) and later diminished concentration ability (β=0.178, P=0.045). On the one hand, anhedonia thus plays an important role in the initial and progressive activation of the other symptoms of its network. On the other hand, the cognitive symptoms (negative thoughts and pessimism) cause the deterioration of the mood and the deficit of attentional abilities. Using behavioral and cognitive strategies to support patients after hospital discharge would reduce the risk of depressive complications after a stroke. This study provides convincing empirical elements for the interest of the network model for research in psychopathology and the clinical implications and perspectives allowed by network analysis., (Copyright © 2020 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a promising tool in the management of psychiatric disorders and particularly depression. It allows for a real-time evaluation of symptoms and an earlier detection of relapse or treatment efficacy. The generalization of the smartphone in the modern world offers a new, large-scale support for EMA., Objective: The main objective of this study was twofold: (1) to assess patients' compliance with an EMA smartphone app defined by the number of EMAs completed, and (2) to estimate the external validity of the EMA using a correlation between self-esteem/guilt/mood variables and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score., Methods: Eleven patients at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France, were monitored for 28 days by means of a smartphone app. Every patient enrolled in the study had two types of assessment: (1) three outpatient consultations with a psychiatrist at three different time points (days 1, 15, and 28), and (2) real-time data collection using an EMA smartphone app with a single, fixed notification per day at 3 pm for 28 days. The results of the real-time data collected were reviewed during the three outpatient consultations by a psychiatrist using a dashboard that aggregated all of the patients' data into a user-friendly format., Results: Of the 11 patients in the study, 6 patients attended the 3 outpatient consultations with the psychiatrist and completed the HDRS at each consultation. We found a positive correlation between the HDRS score and the variables of self-esteem, guilt, and mood (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.57). Seven patients completed the daily EMAs for 28 days or longer, with an average response rate to the EMAs of 62.5% (175/280). Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the number of responses to EMAs and the duration of follow-up (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.63)., Conclusions: This preliminary study with a prolonged follow-up demonstrates significant patient compliance with the smartphone app. In addition, the self-assessments performed by patients seemed faithful to the standardized measurements performed by the psychiatrist. The results also suggest that for some patients it is more convenient to use the smartphone app than to attend outpatient consultations., (©Redwan Maatoug, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Guillaume Delval, Térence Brochu, Benjamin Pitrat, Bruno Millet. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (http://formative.jmir.org), 24.02.2021.)

: The occasional ingestion of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) presents serious risks of side effects including death through multivisceral failure in a context of serotonin syndrome. The significant increasing evolution of illicit MDMA street dosages over the past 2 decades and the difficulty for physicians to know what quantity the patients may have consumed, make MDMA a drug with unpredictable effects. Through this case report of a 16-year-old Caucasian, we made use of a unique and nationwide French health monitoring system called TREND (Recent Trends and New Drugs)-SINTES (National Identification System for Drugs and Substances), which, combined with the hair follicle test, can assist medical practitioners in rapidly establishing a precise diagnosis and consequently provide the most appropriate treatment for each individual case in a timely manner.

Context: Stroke has several consequences on survivors' daily life even for those who experience short-lasting neurological symptoms with no functional disability. Depression and anxiety are common psychological disorders occurring after a stroke. They affect long-term outcomes and quality of life but they are difficult to diagnose because of the neurobiological consequences of brain lesions. Current research priority is given to the improvement of the detection and prevention of those post-stroke psychological disorders. Although previous studies have brought promising perspectives, their designs based on retrospective tools involve some limits regarding their ecological validity. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is an alternative to conventional instruments that could be a key in research for understanding processes that underlined post-stroke depression and anxiety onset. We aim to evaluate the feasibility and validity of anxiety, depression and coping EMA for minor stroke patients. Methods: Patients hospitalized in an Intensive Neuro-vascular Care Unit between April 2016 and January 2017 for a minor stroke is involved in a study based on an EMA methodology. We use a smartphone application in order to assess anxiety and depression symptoms and coping strategies four times a day during 1 week at three different times after stroke (hospital discharge, 2 and 4 months). Participants' self-reports and clinician-rates of anxiety, depression and coping are collected simultaneously using conventional and standard instruments. Feasibility of the EMA method will be assessed considering the participation and compliance rate. Validity will be the assessed by comparing EMA and conventional self-report and clinician-rated measures. Discussion: We expect this study to contribute to the development of EMA using smartphone in minor stroke population. EMA method offers promising research perspective in the assessment and understanding of post-stroke psychological disorders. The development of EMA in stroke population could lead to clinical implications such as remotely psychological follow-ups during early supported discharge. Trial registration: European Clinical Trials Database Number 2014-A01937-40.