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This briefing is based on the findings of the Waterproofing Data and Global Challenges Research Fund Translation Award researchprojects, which aimed to investigate and rethink the governance of water-related risks, with a focus on social and cultural aspects ofdata practices. The researchers worked together with school students, teachers, community members and official agencies to co-produce knowledge and design strategies to reduce the impact of flood-related events. The projects developeda social data innovationcombining community engagement, citizen science and data analytics to improve the resilience of communities to flooding.It includes a citizen-science mobile app, a model curriculum for schools, and a data analytics platform for developing early-warning models. This policy brief has been authored by João Porto de Albuquerque, Vangelis Pitidis, Diego Pajarito Grajales & Leigh Walker.

Purpose:\ud \ud The study aims to identify the gaps and the potentialities of citizen-generated data in four axes of warning system: (1) risk knowledge, (2) flood forecasting and monitoring, (3) risk communication and (4) flood risk governance.\ud \ud Design/methodology/approach:\ud \ud Research inputs for this work were gathered during an international virtual dialogue that engaged 40 public servants, practitioners, academics and policymakers from Brazilian and British hazard and risk monitoring agencies during the Covid-19 pandemic.\ud \ud Findings:\ud \ud The common challenges identified were lack of local data, data integration systems, data visualisation tools and lack of communication between flood agencies.\ud \ud Originality/value:\ud \ud This work instigates an interdisciplinary cross-country collaboration and knowledge exchange, focused on tools, methods and policies used in the Brazil and the UK in an attempt to develop trans-disciplinary innovative ideas and initiatives for informing and enhancing flood risk governance.

BackgroundSlums or informal settlements characterize most large cities in LMIC. Previous evidence suggests pharmacies may be the most frequently used source of primary care in LMICs but that pharmacy services are of variable quality. However, evidence on pharmacy use and availability is very limited for slum populations.MethodsWe conducted household, individual, and healthcare provider surveys and qualitative observations on pharmacies and pharmacy use in seven slum sites in four countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Pakistan, and Bangladesh). All pharmacies and up to 1200 households in each site were sampled. Adults and children were surveyed about their use of healthcare services and pharmacies were observed and their services, equipment, and stock documented.ResultsWe completed 7692 household and 7451 individual adults, 2633 individual child surveys, and 157 surveys of pharmacies located within the seven sites. Visit rates to pharmacies and drug sellers varied from 0.1 (Nigeria) to 3.0 (Bangladesh) visits per person-year, almost all of which were for new conditions. We found highly variable conditions in what constituted a “pharmacy” across the sites and most pharmacies did not employ a qualified pharmacist. Analgesics and antibiotics were widely available but other categories of medications, particularly those for chronic illness were often not available anywhere. The majority of pharmacies lacked basic equipment such as a thermometer and weighing scales.ConclusionsPharmacies are locally and widely available to residents of slums. However, the conditions of the facilities and availability of medicines were poor and prices relatively high. Pharmacies may represent a large untapped resource to improving access to primary care for the urban poor.

Yeboah et al. (2019). Analysis of OpenStreetMap data quality at different stages of a participatory mapping process: Evidence from informal urban settings In: Minghini, M., Grinberger, A.Y., Juhász, L., Yeboah, G., Mooney, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2019, 7-8. Heidelberg, Germany, September 21-23, 2019. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2019 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3386563

The present Deliverable 3.4 provides a demonstrator for co-creational workshops to be conducted in the following project months and beyond. These workshops are to be conducted both internally within the RiskPACC project and externally under the supervision of the case study leaders. The demonstrator will be used as a prototype, or manual for the methodology and will be implemented in the physical Risk Pack and the digital RiskPACC online platform after project-specific iterations. The main objective of this deliverable is to present the practical expertise on co-creational formats of the institutions in charge of this deliverable to the RiskPACC project consortium. In the process, this document will provide both scientific and practical information that will be used as the foundation for a workshop format based on the co-creational approach. Integrating the co-creational approach derived from practice with political science concepts, such as collaborative governance, we bridge the gap between practitioners and researchers. Scientific research in relevant research fields (such as political science, communication science and psychology) will be elaborated to approximate the estimated impact of the RiskPACC project’s co-creational approach. Co-creational core values are identified, and their feasibility elaborated. The result in the form of a demonstrator is a practical guide that is targeted at the case study partners, yet aims at the audience of scientific and technological partners as well. This is the reason why practical tools and sources are mentioned in addition to the scientific research. The newly developed co-creation workshop is directly aligned to the findings of previous endeavours of the RiskPACC project and supplemented with the project’s technology partners’ solutions. 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