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A joint probabilistic face detection and tracking algorithm combining likelihood estimation and a prior probability is proposed in this paper. The likelihood estimation scheme is based on the statistical training of sets of automatically generated feature points and a mutual information tracking cue, while the prior probability estimation is based on a Gaussian temporal model. The likelihood estimation process is the core of a multiple face detection scheme used to initialize the tracking process. The resulting system was tested on real image sequences and is robust to significant partial occlusion and illumination changes. Index Terms--Arbitration scheme, illumination changes, mutual information, occlusion.

A theoretical performance analysis of watermarking schemes, based on correlation detection, is described and discussed.

A detection scheme is described for additive watermarking in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) domains.

The L[subscript p] comparator is described and discussed. It can be used to improve performance in analog implementations of sorting networks.

In this paper, we propose an interpolation algorithm using a mathematical morphology morphing approach. The aim of this algorithm is to reconstruct the n-dimensional object from a group of (n -- 1)-dimensional sets representing sections of that object. The morphing transformation modifies pairs of consecutive sets such that they approach in shape and size. The interpolated set is achieved when the two consecutive sets are made idempotent by the morphing transformation. We prove the convergence of the morphological morphing. The entire object is modeled by successively interpolating a certain number of intermediary sets between each two consecutive given sets. We apply the interpolation algorithm for three-dimensional tooth reconstruction. Index Terms--Mathematical morphology, morphing, shape-based interpolation.

Research is presented concerning the use of the Bayesian theory to develop a method of predicting the location and velocity of a moving object. The use of algorithms, segmentation and optical flow tracking is discussed.

Research describing restoration methods for simulating the colors of old paintings are presented. Five digital color techniques requiring little computational expertise will allow use by art historians.

The authors examine the use of multichannel distance filters. Topics include time series vectors, digital filtering techniques, and motion fields.

By describing 3-D images as ellipsoids, the authors propose that they can utilize alpha-trimmed mean statistics to classify 3-D images. A discussion of the use of the Hough transform algorithm is presented.

An analog implementation of an order-statistics filter based on current-mode techniques is presented in this paper. The circuit is designed using switched-current delay lines and current maximum extractors. These filters could be easily incorporated to smart sensors as well as to smart cameras. SPICE simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of simple analog filters using current-mode techniques. Index Terms: Analog integrated circuits, analog signal processing, nonlinear filters.

The fuzzy scalar median is presented as a filter design methodology for digital signal and image processing. The proposed method uses ordering of fuzzy numbers based on fuzzy minimum and maximum operations defined by applying the extension principle and minimizing a fuzzy distance measure. It is shown that the equivalence of the two definitions is proven in experiments, while the basic properties of the fuzzy scalar median are investigated.

Watermark casting on digital images is an important problem since it affects many aspects of the information market. We propose a method for casting digital watermarks on images, and we analyze its effectiveness. The satisfaction of some basic demands in this area is examined, and a method for producing digital watermarks is proposed. Moreover, issues like immunity to subsampling and image-dependent watermarks are examined, and simulation results are provided for the verification of the above-mentioned topics. Index Terms - Copyright protecting, multimedia, watermark.

An analog implementation of running min/max filters based on current-mode techniques is presented in this brief. Switched-current delay cells and current/voltage two inputs min/max selectors are used either for current or voltage inputs respectively. The voltage two input Min/Max circuit is designed using current conveyors and a modified structure of this is used to implement the running Min/Max filter for window size n = 8. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed implementation, which can be extended to a higher window size. Index Terms - Min/Max filters, mixed analog-digital integrated circuits, nonlinear filters, running filters.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the median radial basis function (MRBF) neural network when used for estimating the optical flow and the segmentation of moving objects. Results show that the robust training algorithm employed by the MRBF neural network provides accurate and smooth approximations of optical flow and segmentation of motion. Furthermore, it was observed that only a minimal number of parameters were required by this approach to produce quality results.

The calculation of a class of running filters described as the n-ary extension of an associative, commutative, and idempotent binary operation T on an ordered sequence of operands was examined. The presence of a fast algorithm of complexity O(log(sub 2) n) T operations was proven for any arbitrary window filter of size n. A salient characteristic of the proof is its capability to produce a specific solution for every n.