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614 results on '"Pisarski P"'

1. Dilepton production from moaton quasiparticles

Author

Nussinov, Zohar, Ogilvie, Michael C., Pannullo, Laurin, Pisarski, Robert D., Rennecke, Fabian, Schindler, Stella T., and Winstel, Marc

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The phase diagram of QCD may contain a moat regime in a large region of temperature $T$ and chemical potential $\mu\neq0$. A moat regime is characterized by quasiparticle moatons (pions) whose energy is minimal at nonzero spatial momentum. At $\mu\neq 0$, higher mass dimension operators play a critical role in a moat regime. At dimension six, there are nine possible gauge invariant couplings between scalars and photons. For back-to-back dilepton production, only one operator contributes, which significantly enhances production near a moat threshold. This enhancement is an experimental signature of moatons., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures; 4 pages references & supplemental material

Published
2024

2. Anomalous $U(1)_A$ couplings and the Columbia plot

Author

Giacosa, Francesco, Kovács, Győző, Kovács, Péter, Pisarski, Robert D., and Rennecke, Fabian

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

When the quark masses are lighter than those in QCD, the standard lore is that a chiral transition of first order must emerge for three, light flavors. Recently, however, numerical simulations on the lattice suggest that the chiral transition is of second order in the chiral limit. Using an extended linear sigma model in the mean field approximation, we study the relation between terms which break the anomalous, $U(1)_A$ symmetry and the order of the chiral phase transition, especially how a chiral transition of second order can arise for three, massless flavors. We note that in an (unphysical) region of the "Columbia" phase diagram, when the strange quark mass is light and negative, corresponding to topological angle $\theta=\pi$, the $CP$ symmetry is spontaneously broken., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures

Published
2024

3. Surrogate Constructed Scalable Circuits ADAPT-VQE in the Schwinger model

Author

Gustafson, Erik, Sherbert, Kyle, Florio, Adrien, Shirali, Karunya, Chen, Yanzhu, Lamm, Henry, Valgushev, Semeon, Weichselbaum, Andreas, Economou, Sophia E., Pisarski, Robert D., and Tubman, Norm M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

Inspired by recent advancements of simulating periodic systems on quantum computers, we develop a new approach, (SC)$^2$-ADAPT-VQE, to further advance the simulation of these systems. Our approach extends the scalable circuits ADAPT-VQE framework, which builds an ansatz from a pool of coordinate-invariant operators defined for arbitrarily large, though not arbitrarily small, volumes. Our method uses a classically tractable ``Surrogate Constructed'' method to remove irrelevant operators from the pool, reducing the minimum size for which the scalable circuits are defined. Bringing together the scalable circuits and the surrogate constructed approaches forms the core of the (SC)$^2$ methodology. Our approach allows for a wider set of classical computations, on small volumes, which can be used for a more robust extrapolation protocol. While developed in the context of lattice models, the surrogate construction portion is applicable to a wide variety of problems where information about the relative importance of operators in the pool is available. As an example, we use it to compute properties of the Schwinger model - quantum electrodynamics for a single, massive fermion in $1+1$ dimensions - and show that our method can be used to accurately extrapolate to the continuum limit., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

5. The chiral phase transition and the axial anomaly

Author

Pisarski, Robert D. and Rennecke, Fabian

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

To date numerical simulations of lattice QCD have not found a chiral phase transition of first order which is expected to occur for sufficiently light pions. We show how the restoration of an exact global chiral symmetry can strongly decrease the breaking of the approximate, anomalous $U_A(1)$ symmetry. This is testable on the lattice through simulations for one through four flavors. In QCD a small breaking of the $U_A(1)$ symmetry in the chirally symmetric phase generates novel experimental signals., Comment: Updated discussion of literature

Published
2024
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6. Mass gaps of a $\mathbb{Z}_3$ gauge theory with three fermion flavors in 1 + 1 dimensions

Author

Florio, Adrien, Weichselbaum, Andreas, Valgushev, Semeon, and Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We consider a $\mathbb{Z}_3$ gauge theory coupled to three degenerate massive flavors of fermions, which we term "QZD". The spectrum can be computed in $1+1$ dimensions using tensor networks. In weak coupling the spectrum is that of the expected mesons and baryons, although the corrections in weak coupling are nontrivial, analogous to those of non-relativistic QED in 1+1 dimensions. In strong coupling, besides the usual baryon, the singlet meson is a baryon anti-baryon state. For two special values of the coupling constant, the lightest baryon is degenerate with the lightest octet meson, and the lightest singlet meson, respectively., Comment: 17 pages and 10 figures

Published
2023

7. Anomalous interactions between mesons with nonzero spin and glueballs

Author

Giacosa, Francesco, Jafarzade, Shahriyar, and Pisarski, Robert

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Topologically nontrivial fluctuations control the anomalous interactions for the $\eta$ and and $\eta \prime$ pseudoscalar mesons. We consider the anomalous interactions for mesons with higher spin, the heterochiral nonets with $J^{P C} = 1^{+ -}$ and $2^{- +}$. Under the approximation of a dilute gas of instantons, the mixing angle between non-strange and strange mesons decreases strongly as $J$ increases, and oscillates in sign. Anomalous interactions also open up new, rare decay channels. For glueballs, anomalous interactions indicate that the $X(2600)$ state is primarily gluonic., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. To appear in PRD as a Letter. New vs contains the pseudoscalar glueball, thus the title has been modified

Published
2023

9. Search for Postmerger Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron Star Mergers Using a Matched-filtering Statistic

Author

Królak, Andrzej, Jaranowski, Piotr, Bejger, Michał, Ciecieląg, Paweł, Dorosh, Orest, and Pisarski, Andrzej

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

In this paper, we present a new method to search for a short, a few tens of milliseconds long, postmerger gravitational-wave signal following the merger of two neutron stars. Such a signal could follow the event GW170817 observed by LIGO and Virgo detectors. Our method is based on a matched filtering statistic and an approximate template of the postmerger signal in the form of a damped sinusoid. We test and validate our method using postmerger numerical simulations from the CoRe database. We find no evidence of the short postmerger signal in the LIGO data following the GW170817 event and we obtain upper limits. For short postmerger signals investigated, our best upper limit on the root sum square of the gravitational-wave strain emitted from 1.15 kHz to 4 kHz is $h_{\text{rss}}^{50\%}=1.8\times 10^{-22}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ at 50% detection efficiency. The distance corresponding to this best upper limit is 4.64 Mpc., Comment: LaTeX, 30 pages, 15 figures, identical to the published version

Published
2023
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10. The Present and Future of QCD

Author

Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Afzal, F., Aidala, C. A., Al-bataineh, A., Almaalol, D. K., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barish, K. N., Barnea, N., Basar, G., Battaglieri, M., Baty, A. A., Bautista, I., Bazilevsky, A., Beattie, C., Behera, S. C., Bellini, V., Bellwied, R., Benesch, J. F., Benmokhtar, F., Bernardes, C. A., Bernauer, J. C., Bhatt, H., Bhatta, S., Boer, M., Boettcher, T. J., Bogacz, S. A., Bossi, H. J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brown, D. A., Burkert, V. D., Caines, H., Cali, I. A., Camsonne, A., Carman, D. S., Caylor, J., Cerci, S., Llatas, M. Chamizo, Chatterjee, S., Chen, J. P., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -C., Chien, Y. -T., Chou, P. -C., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cline, E., Cloët, I. C., Cole, P. L., Connors, M. E., Constantinou, M., Cosyn, W., Dusa, S. Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R., D'Alesio, U., da Silva, C., Davoudi, Z., Dean, C. T., Dean, D. J., Demarteau, M., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., Deur, A., Devkota, B. R., Dhital, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dobbs, S., Döring, M., Dong, X., Dotel, R., Dow, K. A., Downie, E. J., Drachenberg, J. L., Dumitru, A., Dunlop, J. C., Dupre, R., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Ehlers, R. J., Fassi, L. El, Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fernando, I. P., Flor, F. A., Fomin, N., Frawley, A. D., Frederico, T., Fries, R. J., Gal, C., Gamage, B. R., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Geurts, F., Ghandilyan, Y., Ghimire, N., Gilman, R., Gleason, C., Gnanvo, K., Gothe, R. W., Greene, S. V., Grießhammer, H. W., Grossberndt, S. K., Grube, B., Hackett, D. C., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hansen, J. -O., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Havener, L. B., Hen, O., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobbs, T. J., Hodges, A. M., Holmstrom, T., Hong, B., Horn, T., Howell, C. R., Huang, H. Z., Huang, M., Huang, S., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Isupov, E. L., Jacobs, P. M., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jentsch, A., Jheng, H., Ji, C. -R., Ji, X., Jia, J., Jones, D. C., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, Z. B., Karthein, J. M., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D. E., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klein, S. R., Ko, H. S., Koch, V., Kohl, M., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krintiras, G. K., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lajoie, J. G., Lauret, J., Lavrukhin, I., Lawrence, D., Lee, J. H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Lee, Y. -J., Li, S., Li, W., Li, Xiaqing, Li, Xuan, Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Lisa, M. A., Liu, K. -F., Liu, M. X., Liu, T., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Llope, W. J., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Lorenzon, W., Lunkenheimer, S., Luo, X., Ma, R., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Michel, J. K. L., Milner, R. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanmurthy, P., Mohanty, B., Mokeev, V. I., Moon, D. H., Mooney, I. A., Morningstar, C., Morrison, D. P., Müller, B., Mukherjee, S., Mulligan, J., Camacho, C. Munoz, Quijada, J. A. Murillo, Murray, M. J., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nam, J. D., Nattrass, C. E., Nijs, G., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Novitzky, N., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Osborn, J. D., Pak, R., Pandey, B., Paolone, M., Papandreou, Z., Paquet, J. -F., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Patton, A., Paudel, C., Peng, C., Peng, J. C., Da Costa, H. Pereira, Perepelitsa, D. V., Peters, M. J., Petreczky, P., Pisarski, R. D., Pitonyak, D., Ploskon, M. A., Posik, M., Poudel, J., Pradhan, R., Prokudin, A., Pruneau, C. A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pujahari, P., Putschke, J., Pybus, J. R., Qiu, J. -W., Rajagopal, K., Ratti, C., Read, K. F., Reed, R., Richards, D. G., Riedl, C., Ringer, F., Rinn, T., West, J. Rittenhouse, Roche, J., Rodas, A., Roland, G., Romero-López, F., Rossi, P., Rostomyan, T., Ruan, L., Ruimi, O. M., Saha, N. R., Sahoo, N. R., Sakaguchi, T., Salazar, F., Salgado, C. W., Salmè, G., Salur, S., Santiesteban, S. N., Sargsian, M. M., Sarsour, M., Sato, N., Satogata, T., Sawada, S., Schäfer, T., Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B., Schenke, B., Schindler, S. T., Schmidt, A., Seidl, R., Shabestari, M. H., Shanahan, P. E., Shen, C., Sheng, T. -A., Shepherd, M. R., Sickles, A. M., Sievert, M. D., Smith, K. L., Song, Y., Sorensen, A., Souder, P. A., Sparveris, N., Srednyak, S., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Stasto, A. M., Steinberg, P., Stepanyan, S., Stephanov, M., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, D. J., Stewart, I. W., Stojanovic, M., Strakovsky, I., Strauch, S., Strickland, M., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suresh, M., Surrow, B., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, A. H., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tarnowsky, T. J., Tawfik, A. N., Taylor, M. I., Tennant, C., Thiel, A., Thomas, D., Tian, Y., Timmins, A. R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Ullrich, T., Umaka, E., Upton, D. W., Vary, J. P., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Vijayakumar, A., Vitev, I., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, R., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Vovchenko, V., Walker-Loud, A., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X. -N., Weinstein, L. B., Wenaus, T. J., Weyhmiller, S., Wissink, S. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wong, C. P., Wood, M. H., Wunderlich, Y., Wyslouch, B., Xiao, B. W., Xie, W., Xiong, W., Xu, N., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Z., Yaari, D., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Yuan, F., Zajc, W. A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zurek, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research., Comment: QCD Town Meeting White Paper, as submitted to 2023 NSAC LRP committee on Feb. 28, 2023

Published
2023
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11. Quantum Information Science and Technology for Nuclear Physics. Input into U.S. Long-Range Planning, 2023

Author

Beck, Douglas, Carlson, Joseph, Davoudi, Zohreh, Formaggio, Joseph, Quaglioni, Sofia, Savage, Martin, Barata, Joao, Bhattacharya, Tanmoy, Bishof, Michael, Cloet, Ian, Delgado, Andrea, DeMarco, Michael, Fink, Caleb, Florio, Adrien, Francois, Marianne, Grabowska, Dorota, Hoogerheide, Shannon, Huang, Mengyao, Ikeda, Kazuki, Illa, Marc, Joo, Kyungseon, Kharzeev, Dmitri, Kowalski, Karol, Lai, Wai Kin, Leach, Kyle, Loer, Ben, Low, Ian, Martin, Joshua, Moore, David, Mehen, Thomas, Mueller, Niklas, Mulligan, James, Mumm, Pieter, Pederiva, Francesco, Pisarski, Rob, Ploskon, Mateusz, Reddy, Sanjay, Rupak, Gautam, Singh, Hersh, Singh, Maninder, Stetcu, Ionel, Stryker, Jesse, Szypryt, Paul, Valgushev, Semeon, VanDevender, Brent, Watkins, Samuel, Wilson, Christopher, Yao, Xiaojun, Afanasev, Andrei, Balantekin, Akif Baha, Baroni, Alessandro, Bunker, Raymond, Chakraborty, Bipasha, Chernyshev, Ivan, Cirigliano, Vincenzo, Clark, Benjamin, Dhiman, Shashi Kumar, Du, Weijie, Dutta, Dipangkar, Edwards, Robert, Flores, Abraham, Galindo-Uribarri, Alfredo, Ruiz, Ronald Fernando Garcia, Gueorguiev, Vesselin, Guo, Fanqing, Hansen, Erin, Hernandez, Hector, Hattori, Koichi, Hauke, Philipp, Hjorth-Jensen, Morten, Jankowski, Keith, Johnson, Calvin, Lacroix, Denis, Lee, Dean, Lin, Huey-Wen, Liu, Xiaohui, Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J., Looney, John, Lukin, Misha, Mercenne, Alexis, Miller, Jeff, Mottola, Emil, Mueller, Berndt, Nachman, Benjamin, Negele, John, Orrell, John, Patwardhan, Amol, Phillips, Daniel, Poole, Stephen, Qualters, Irene, Rumore, Mike, Schaefer, Thomas, Scott, Jeremy, Singh, Rajeev, Vary, James, Galvez-Viruet, Juan-Jose, Wendt, Kyle, Xing, Hongxi, Yang, Liang, Young, Glenn, and Zhao, Fanyi

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory, Quantum Physics
Abstract

In preparation for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan (LRP), members of the Nuclear Science community gathered to discuss the current state of, and plans for further leveraging opportunities in, QIST in NP research at the Quantum Information Science for U.S. Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning workshop, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on January 31 - February 1, 2023. The workshop included 45 in-person participants and 53 remote attendees. The outcome of the workshop identified strategic plans and requirements for the next 5-10 years to advance quantum sensing and quantum simulations within NP, and to develop a diverse quantum-ready workforce. The plans include resolutions endorsed by the participants to address the compelling scientific opportunities at the intersections of NP and QIST. These endorsements are aligned with similar affirmations by the LRP Computational Nuclear Physics and AI/ML Workshop, the Nuclear Structure, Reactions, and Astrophysics LRP Town Hall, and the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos LRP Town Hall communities., Comment: A white paper for the 2023 nuclear physics long-range planning activity, emerging from the workshop "Quantum Information Science for U.S. Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning'', held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on January 31 - February 1, 2023. 26 pages with 7 figures

Published
2023

12. Banks of templates for directed and all-sky narrow-band searches of continuous gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars with several spindowns

Author

Pisarski, Andrzej and Jaranowski, Piotr

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We construct efficient banks of templates suitable for searches of continuous gravitational waves from isolated spinning neutron stars. We assume that the search algorithm is based on the time-domain maximum-likelihood $\mathcal{F}$-statistic and we consider narrow-band searches with several spindown parameters included. Our template banks are suitable for both all-sky and directed searches and they enable the usage of the fast Fourier transform in the computation of the $\mathcal{F}$-statistic as well as, in the case of all-sky searches, efficient resampling of data to barycentric time., Comment: LaTeX, 24 pages, 7 figures, identical to the published version

Published
2023
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13. Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions

Author

Sorensen, Agnieszka, Agarwal, Kshitij, Brown, Kyle W., Chajęcki, Zbigniew, Danielewicz, Paweł, Drischler, Christian, Gandolfi, Stefano, Holt, Jeremy W., Kaminski, Matthias, Ko, Che-Ming, Kumar, Rohit, Li, Bao-An, Lynch, William G., McIntosh, Alan B., Newton, William G., Pratt, Scott, Savchuk, Oleh, Stefaniak, Maria, Tews, Ingo, Tsang, ManYee Betty, Vogt, Ramona, Wolter, Hermann, Zbroszczyk, Hanna, Abbasi, Navid, Aichelin, Jörg, Andronic, Anton, Bass, Steffen A., Becattini, Francesco, Blaschke, David, Bleicher, Marcus, Blume, Christoph, Bratkovskaya, Elena, Brown, B. Alex, Brown, David A., Camaiani, Alberto, Casini, Giovanni, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Chbihi, Abdelouahad, Colonna, Maria, Cozma, Mircea Dan, Dexheimer, Veronica, Dong, Xin, Dore, Travis, Du, Lipei, Dueñas, José A., Elfner, Hannah, Florkowski, Wojciech, Fujimoto, Yuki, Furnstahl, Richard J., Gade, Alexandra, Galatyuk, Tetyana, Gale, Charles, Geurts, Frank, Gramegna, Fabiana, Grozdanov, Sašo, Hagel, Kris, Harris, Steven P., Haxton, Wick, Heinz, Ulrich, Heller, Michal P., Hen, Or, Hergert, Heiko, Herrmann, Norbert, Huang, Huan Zhong, Huang, Xu-Guang, Ikeno, Natsumi, Inghirami, Gabriele, Jankowski, Jakub, Jia, Jiangyong, Jiménez, José C., Kapusta, Joseph, Kardan, Behruz, Karpenko, Iurii, Keane, Declan, Kharzeev, Dmitri, Kugler, Andrej, Fèvre, Arnaud Le, Lee, Dean, Liu, Hong, Lisa, Michael A., Llope, William J., Lombardo, Ivano, Lorenz, Manuel, Marchi, Tommaso, McLerran, Larry, Mosel, Ulrich, Motornenko, Anton, Müller, Berndt, Napolitani, Paolo, Natowitz, Joseph B., Nazarewicz, Witold, Noronha, Jorge, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Odyniec, Grażyna, Papakonstantinou, Panagiota, Paulínyová, Zuzana, Piekarewicz, Jorge, Pisarski, Robert D., Plumberg, Christopher, Prakash, Madappa, Randrup, Jørgen, Ratti, Claudia, Rau, Peter, Reddy, Sanjay, Schmidt, Hans-Rudolf, Russotto, Paolo, Ryblewski, Radoslaw, Schäfer, Andreas, Schenke, Björn, Sen, Srimoyee, Senger, Peter, Seto, Richard, Shen, Chun, Sherrill, Bradley, Singh, Mayank, Skokov, Vladimir, Spaliński, Michał, Steinheimer, Jan, Stephanov, Mikhail, Stroth, Joachim, Sturm, Christian, Sun, Kai-Jia, Tang, Aihong, Torrieri, Giorgio, Trautmann, Wolfgang, Verde, Giuseppe, Vovchenko, Volodymyr, Wada, Ryoichi, Wang, Fuqiang, Wang, Gang, Werner, Klaus, Xu, Nu, Xu, Zhangbu, Yee, Ho-Ung, Yennello, Sherry, and Yin, Yi

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at RHIC and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS., Comment: White paper prepared for the 2023 Long Range Plan. v3: Updated version as published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. Note: the published version does not include the executive summary; in the updated arXiv version, the executive summary is included as an appendix. v4: Corrected list of authors

Published
2023
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14. Particle Interferometry in a Moat Regime

Author

Rennecke, Fabian, Pisarski, Robert D., and Rischke, Dirk H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Dense strongly interacting matter can exhibit regimes with spatial modulations, akin to crystalline phases. In this case particles can have a moat spectrum with minimal energy at nonzero momentum. We show that particle interferometry is a sensitive probe of such a regime in heavy-ion collisions. To this end, we develop a field-theoretical formalism that relates particle spectra to in-medium real-time correlation functions of quantum fields on curved hypersurfaces of spacetime. This is then applied to the study of Bose-Einstein correlations in a moat regime in heavy-ion collisions. The resulting two-particle spectra exhibit peaks at nonzero average pair momentum, in contrast to the two-particle spectra in a normal phase, which peak at zero momentum. These peaks lead to non-trivial structures in the ratio of two-particle correlation functions, which should be experimentally measurable if the resolution in the direction of average pair momentum is sufficiently large. We propose these structures in the correlation-function ratios as clear signature of a moat regime and spatially modulated phases in quantum chromodynamics (QCD)., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
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15. On chiral spin symmetry and the QCD phase diagram

Author

Philipsen, Owe, Glozman, Leonid Ya., Lowdon, Peter, and Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Recently, an approximate $SU(4)$ chiral spin-flavour symmetry was observed in multiplet patterns of QCD meson correlation functions, in a temperature range above the chiral crossover. This symmetry is larger than the chiral symmetry of massless QCD, and can only arise effectively when colour-electric quark-gluon interactions dynamically dominate the quantum effective action. At temperatures about three times the crossover temperature, these patterns disappear again, indicating the screening of colour-electric interactions, and the expected chiral symmetry is recovered. In this contribution we collect independent evidence for such an intermediate temperature range, based on screening masses and the pion spectral function. Both kinds of observables behave non-perturbatively in this window, with resonance-like peaks for the pion and its first excitation disappearing gradually with temperature. Using symmetry arguments and the known behaviour of screening masses at small densities, we discuss how this chiral spin symmetric band continues into the QCD phase diagram., Comment: typos corrected, 10 pages, 8 figures, contribution to the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, August 8-13 2022, Bonn, Germany

Published
2022

16. Long Range Plan: Dense matter theory for heavy-ion collisions and neutron stars

Author

Lovato, Alessandro, Dore, Travis, Pisarski, Robert D., Schenke, Bjoern, Chatziioannou, Katerina, Read, Jocelyn S., Landry, Philippe, Danielewicz, Pawel, Lee, Dean, Pratt, Scott, Rennecke, Fabian, Elfner, Hannah, Dexheimer, Veronica, Kumar, Rajesh, Strickland, Michael, Jahan, Johannes, Ratti, Claudia, Vovchenko, Volodymyr, Stephanov, Mikhail, Almaalol, Dekrayat, Baym, Gordon, Hippert, Mauricio, Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn, Noronha, Jorge, Speranza, Enrico, Yunes, Nicolas, Horowitz, Chuck J., Harris, Steven P., McLerran, Larry, Reddy, Sanjay, Sorensen, Agnieszka, Sen, Srimoyee, Gandolfi, Stefano, Tews, Ingo, Miller, M. Coleman, Chirenti, Cecilia, Davoudi, Zohreh, Karthein, Jamie M., Rajagopal, Krishna, Vitale, Salvatore, Kapusta, Joseph, Basar, Gokce, Schaefer, Thomas, Skokov, Vladimir, Heinz, Ulrich, Drischler, Christian, Phillips, Daniel R., Prakash, Madappa, Fodor, Zoltan, Radice, David, Plumberg, Christopher, Most, Elias R., Raithel, Carolyn A., Fraga, Eduardo S., Kurkela, Aleksi, Lattimer, James M., Steiner, Andrew W., Holt, Jeremy W., Li, Bao-An, Shen, Chun, Alford, Mark, Haber, Alexander, Pastore, Saori, and Piarulli, Maria

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Since the release of the 2015 Long Range Plan in Nuclear Physics, major events have occurred that reshaped our understanding of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and nuclear matter at large densities, in and out of equilibrium. The US nuclear community has an opportunity to capitalize on advances in astrophysical observations and nuclear experiments and engage in an interdisciplinary effort in the theory of dense baryonic matter that connects low- and high-energy nuclear physics, astrophysics, gravitational waves physics, and data science, Comment: 70 pages, 3 figures, White Paper for the Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science

Published
2022

17. Precision QCD, Hadronic Structure & Forward QCD, Heavy Ions: Report of Energy Frontier Topical Groups 5, 6, 7 submitted to Snowmass 2021

Author

Begel, M., Hoeche, S., Schmitt, M., Lin, H. -W., Nadolsky, P. M., Royon, C., Lee, Y-J., Mukherjee, S., Baldenegro, C., Campbell, J., Chachamis, G., Celiberto, F. G., Cooper-Sarkar, A. M., d'Enterria, D., Diefenthaler, M., Fucilla, M., Garzelli, M. V., Guzzi, M., Hentschinski, M., Hobbs, T. J., Huston, J., Isaacson, J., Klein, S. R., Kling, F., Kotko, P., Kovchegov, Yu. V., Krintiras, G., Kronfeld, A. S., Kutak, K., Mistlberger, B., Moult, I., Mrenna, S., Nachman, B., Narain, M., Olness, F. I., Papa, A., Pisarski, R. D., Pitt, M., Rappoccio, S., Reina, L., Reuter, J., Reno, M. H., Salam, G. P., Strikman, M., Tran, N., Tricoli, A., Ubiali, M., van Hameren, A., Vossen, A., and Xie, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This report was prepared on behalf of three Energy Frontier Topical Groups of the Snowmass 2021 Community Planning Exercise. It summarizes the status and implications of studies of strong interactions in high-energy experiments and QCD theory. We emphasize the rich landscape and broad impact of these studies in the decade ahead. Hadronic interactions play a central role in the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) physics program, and strong synergies exist between the (HL-)LHC and planned or proposed experiments at the U.S. Electron-Ion Collider, CERN forward physics experiments, high-intensity facilities, and future TeV-range lepton and hadron colliders. Prospects for precision determinations of the strong coupling and a variety of nonperturbative distribution and fragmentation functions are examined. We also review the potential of envisioned tests of new dynamical regimes of QCD in high-energy and high-density scattering processes with nucleon, ion, and photon initial states. The important role of the high-energy heavy-ion program in studies of nuclear structure and the nuclear medium, and its connections with QCD involving nucleons are summarized. We address ongoing and future theoretical advancements in multi-loop QCD computations, lattice QCD, jet substructure, and event generators. Cross-cutting connections between experimental measurements, theoretical predictions, large-scale data analysis, and high-performance computing are emphasized., Comment: 95 pages (bibliography 30 pages), 28 figures; v.2: minor changes, authors and references added

Published
2022

18. QCD Phase Structure and Interactions at High Baryon Density: Continuation of BES Physics Program with CBM at FAIR

Author

Almaalol, D., Hippert, M., Noronha-Hostler, J., Noronha, J., Speranza, E., Basar, G., Bass, S., Cebra, D., Dexheimer, V., Keane, D., Radhakrishnan, S., Sheikh, A. I., Strickland, M., Tsang, C. Y., Dong, . X., Koch, V., Odyniec, G., Xu, N., Geurts, F., Hofman, D., Stephanov, M., Wilks, G., Ye, Z. Y., Huang, H. Z., Wang, G., Jia, J. Y., Li, H. S., Wang, F. Q., Liao, J. F., Lisa, M., McLerran, L., Sorensen, A., Plumberg, C., Mukherjee, S., Pisarski, R., Schenke, B., Xu, Z. B., Pratt, S., Ratti, C., Rapp, R., Vovchenko, V., Schäfer, T., Seto, R., and Shen, C.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We advocate for an active US participation in the international collaboration of the CBM experiment that will allow the US nuclear physics program to build on its successful exploration of the QCD phase diagram, use the expertise gained at RHIC to make complementary measurements at FAIR, and contribute to achieving the scientific goals of the beam energy scan (BES) program., Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022

19. Application of nitroxoline in urologic oncology – a review of evidence

Author

Wojciech Tomczak, Wojciech Krajewski, Joanna Chorbińska, Łukasz Nowak, Jan Łaszkiewicz, Katarzyna Grunwald, Szymon Pisarski, Adam Chełmoński, Bartosz Małkiewicz, and Tomasz Szydełko

Subjects
bladder cancer, prostate cancer, oncology, nitroxoline, Medicine
Abstract

The persistence of high incidence and mortality rates associated with urologic cancers underscores the urgent need for effective and safe treatments. Conventional chemotherapy regimens are often limited by their high toxicity, the cancer’s drug resistance, and the challenge of managing independently evolving multifocal spread. In this context, a repurposing strategy is particularly enticing. It allows for the introduction of a drug with a known safety profile, thus significantly reducing the costs and time necessary to introduce a new treatment. Nitroxoline (NIT), a drug with a well-established pharmacokinetic profile known for over 50 years and utilised in treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections, has recently garnered attention for its potential oncologic applications. Given the pharmacokinetic properties of NIT, our focus was specifically on urologic cancers in which its excretion profile is most advantageous. We examined all available studies, demonstrating significant effectiveness of NIT in inhibiting angiogenesis, tissue invasion, metastasis formation, and counteracting multidrug resistance. The efficacy and mechanism of action of NIT were found to vary across different cell lines. The findings to date are promising, suggesting that NIT or its derivatives could play a role in oncology, although further research is necessary to fully understand its potential and applicability in cancer treatment.

Published
2024
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20. Fractional topological charge in $SU(N)$ gauge theories without dynamical quarks

Author

Nair, V. P. and Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In $SU(N)$ gauge theories without dynamical quarks, we discuss how configurations with fractional topological charge, $\sim 1/N$, can arise in the vacuum and dominate in the confining phase. They are not solutions of the classical equations of motion, but arise as quantum solutions of the effective Lagrangian. Their size is essentially fixed, on the order of the confinement scale. We give both a general mathematical analysis and illustrative solutions. Their presence can be measured through numerical simulations on the lattice using known methods. As they carry $\mathbb{Z}_N$ magnetic charge, the introduction of dynamical quarks significantly complicates their dynamics., Comment: Added Refs. 75-81, by Gonzalez-Arroyo et al., who first discussed the dominance of fractional topological charge in the gluonic vacuum

Published
2022
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21. The photoluminescence studies of Gd3+/Tb3+ co-doped xerogels and nano-glass-ceramics dedicated for green-emitting devices

Author

Natalia Pawlik, Tomasz Goryczka, Barbara Szpikowska-Sroka, and Wojciech A. Pisarski

Subjects
Green-toned photoluminescence, Gd3+/Tb3+ energy transfer, Fluoride nanocrystals, Sol-gel technique, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

In this work, we reported the results of photoluminescent and structural investigations of Gd3+/Tb3+ co-doped silicate xerogels as well as derivative SiO2-LaF3 nano-glass-ceramics. The molar ratio of appropriate acetates used during the synthesis, i.e., La(AcO)3:Gd(AcO)3:Tb(AcO)3 was fixed to x:(0.95-x):0.05. Based on XRD measurements, the crystallization of hexagonal LaF3 nanophase was verified without any admixture of GdF3 phase, even for samples with La3+:Gd3+ molar ratio ≤1. The optical characterization of fabricated Gd3+/Tb3+ co-doped sol-gel materials involved the registration and analysis of photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission spectra (PL), as well as the decay curves for the 6P7/2 (Gd3+) and the 5D4 (Tb3+) excited levels. Upon excitation at λex = 275 nm wavelength, the fabricated sol-gel samples revealed the series of emission lines assigned to the electronic transitions from both dopants, i.e., Gd3+ and Tb3+, indicating apparently the occurrence of Gd3+/Tb3+ energy transfer process (ET). The photoluminescence measurements comprehensibly proved the competitiveness between Gd3+ and Tb3+ ions to be entered into LaF3 fluoride nanocrystal lattice, formed during annealing of as-prepared xerogels. Based on the recorded PL spectra for fabricated sol-gel samples, some chromatic parameters were calculated, i.e., chromaticity coordinates (CIE), correlated color temperatures (CCT), and color purities (CP). The prepared Gd3+,Tb3+ co-doped samples are able to emit green light with CCT values in a range from 5967 K to 6291 K, and high CP reached 70 %, which predispose them for use as efficient constituents for developing green-emitting devices.

Published
2024
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22. Chiral spin symmetry and the QCD phase diagram

Author

Glozman, Leonid Ya., Philipsen, Owe, and Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Lattice QCD simulations with chirally symmetric quarks have recently established approximate $SU(2)_{CS}$ and $SU(2N_F)$ symmetries of the quantum effective action in a temperature range above the chiral crossover $T_\mathrm{ch}$, in which color-electric interactions between quarks dominate the dynamics. We show that such an intermediate temperature range between the chirally broken and plasma regimes is fully consistent with published screening mass spectra, which demonstrate the breakdown of thermal perturbation theory at the crossover between the partonic and the chiral spin symmetric regime at $T_s\sim (2-3)T_\mathrm{ch}$. From the known behavior of screening masses with baryon chemical potential, we deduce qualitatively how this chiral spin symmetric band extends into the QCD phase diagram. In the cold and dense region, we propose parity doubled baryons as possible candidates for chiral spin symmetric matter. This represents a special case of quarkyonic matter with confinement and restored chiral symmetry, and can smoothly transform to quark matter at sufficiently high densities. Finally, we discuss the potential of dilepton spectra to identify such matter forms., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, published version

Published
2022
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23. Wilson loops in the Hamiltonian formalism

Author

Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Quantum Physics
Abstract

In a gauge theory, the gauge invariant Hilbert space is unchanged by the coupling to arbitrary local operators. In the presence of Wilson loops, though, the physical Hilbert space must be enlarged by adding test electric charges along the loop. I discuss how at nonzero temperature Polyakov loops are naturally related to the propagator of a test charge. 't Hooft loops represent the propagation of a test magnetic charge, and so do not alter the physical Hilbert space.

Published
2022
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24. How an $\omega_0$ condensate can spike the speed of sound in cold quarkyonic matter

Author

Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

I describe a novel mechanism where the variation of an $\omega_0$ condensate can generate a "spike" in the speed of sound in hadronic matter. An $\omega_0$ condensate naturally increases the speed of sound; the real problem is how to get the speed of sound to decrease. I suggest this can happen through the appearance of a Quantum Pion Liquid., Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the International conference on Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement, 2021

Published
2022

25. A pedagagical introduction to the Lifshitz regime

Author

Pisarski, Robert D., Skokov, Vladimir V., and Tsvelik, Alexei M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We give an elementary and pedagogical review of the phase diagrams which are possible in Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD). Currently, the emphasis is upon the appearance of a critical endpoint, where disordered and ordered phases meet. In many models, though, a Lifshitz point also arises. At a Lifshitz point, three phases meet: disordered, ordered, and one where spatially inhomogeneous phases arise. At the level of mean field theory, the appearance of a Lifshitz point does not dramatically affect the phase diagram. We argue, however, that fluctuations about the Lifshitz point are very strong in the infrared, and significantly alter the phase diagram. We discuss at length the analogy to inhomogenous polymers, where the Lifshitz regime produces a bicontinuous microemulsion. We briefly mention the possible relevance to the phase diagram of QCD., Comment: Contribution to the International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics, 2018. v2: corrected acknowledgements for RDP

Published
2022

26. Nuclear matter in 1+1 dimensions

Author

Konik, Robert M., Lajer, Marton, Pisarski, Robert D., and Tsvelik, Alexei M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We review the solution of QCD in two spacetime dimensions. Following the analysis of Baluni, for a single flavor the model can be analyzed using Abelian bosonization. The theory can be analyzed in strong coupling, when the quarks are much lighter than the gauge coupling. In this limit, the theory is given by a Luttinger liquid., Comment: Submitted by R.D.P. to the journal Universe as part of the Special Issue "keV Warm Dark Matter ({\Lambda}WDM) in Agreement with Observations, in Tribute to H\'ector J. De Vega"

Published
2022

27. All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars using Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo O3 data

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abe, H., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Apostolatos, T., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bae, Y., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baird, J., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Becher, B. R., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., BenYaala, M., Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Bini, S., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boër, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bonavena, L. D., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Cameron, J., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canevarolo, S., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Champion, E., Chan, C. -H., Chan, C., Chan, C. L., Chan, K., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, I. P., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, C., Chen, D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, X., Chen, Y. -B., Chen, Y. -R., Chen, Z., Cheng, H., Cheong, C. K., Cheung, H. Y., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C-Y., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Choudhary, R. K., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chu, Y-K., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D. E., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N. J., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Criswell, A. W., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Curyło, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., Dana, A., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darsow-Fromm, C., Dasgupta, A., Datrier, L. E. H., Datta, Sayak, Datta, Sayantani, Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dean, R., DeBra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., De Lillo, N., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., DeMarchi, L. M., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giorgio, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Michele, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divakarla, A. K., Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Donahue, L., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Ducoin, J. -G., Dupej, P., Dupletsa, U., Durante, O., D'Urso, D., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Easter, P. J., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eguchi, S., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Engelby, E., Enomoto, Y., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, P. C., Farah, A. M., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Floden, E., Fong, H. K., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franke, A., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Freed, J. P., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fujii, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Fujimoto, Y., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gadre, B. U., Gair, J. R., Gais, J., Galaudage, S., Gamba, R., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gao, D., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Ge, G. -G., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Gewecke, P., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacomazzo, B., Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gier, C., Giesler, M., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gohlke, N., Golomb, J., Goncharov, B., González, G., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granata, M., Granata, V., Grant, A., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimes, E., Grimm, S. J., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Gruson, A. S., Guerra, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Guixé, G., Gulati, H. K., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H. -K., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, I. M., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gustafson, R., Guzman, F., Ha, S., Hadiputrawan, I. P. W., Haegel, L., Haino, S., Halim, O., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O., Hansen, H., Hansen, T. J., Hanson, J., Harder, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hartwig, D., Hasegawa, K., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Hattori, K., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, F. J., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heidt, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J., Hennig, M. 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Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present results of an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves which can be produced by spinning neutron stars with an asymmetry around their rotation axis, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Four different analysis methods are used to search in a gravitational-wave frequency band from 10 to 2048 Hz and a first frequency derivative from $-10^{-8}$ to $10^{-9}$ Hz/s. No statistically-significant periodic gravitational-wave signal is observed by any of the four searches. As a result, upper limits on the gravitational-wave strain amplitude $h_0$ are calculated. The best upper limits are obtained in the frequency range of 100 to 200 Hz and they are ${\sim}1.1\times10^{-25}$ at 95\% confidence-level. The minimum upper limit of $1.10\times10^{-25}$ is achieved at a frequency 111.5 Hz. We also place constraints on the rates and abundances of nearby planetary- and asteroid-mass primordial black holes that could give rise to continuous gravitational-wave signals., Comment: 23 main text pages, 17 figures

Published
2022
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29. Guessing from Textones. Distributed Translation as Exemplified by Sea and Spar Between (2010) by Stephanie Strickland and Nick Montfort

Author

Monika Górska-Olesińska and Mariusz Pisarski

Subjects
Translating and interpreting, P306-310
Abstract

This article discusses the challenges of translating poetry generators in multi-authorial, creative collaborations and within the context of understanding text as a process. Stephanie Strickland’s and Nick Montfort’s Sea and Spar Between is in many respects a translational challenge that in some languages might be considered an impossible task. Polish, our target language, imposes some serious constraints: one-syllable words become disyllabic or multisyllabic, kennings have different morphological, lexical, and grammatical arrangements, and most of the generative rhetoric of the original (like anaphors) must take into consideration the grammatical gender of Polish words. As a result, the JavaScript code, instructions that accompany the JavaScript file, and arrays of words that this poetry generator draws from, needed to be expanded and rewritten. Moreover, in several crucial points of this rule-driven work, natural language forced us to modify the code. In translating Sea and Spar Between, the process of negotiation between the source language and the target language involves more factors than in the case of traditional translation. Strickland and Montfort read Dickinson and Melville and parse their readings into a computer program (in itself a translation, or port, from Python to JavaScript), which combines them in almost countless ways. Such a collision of cultures, languages, and tools becomes amplified when transposed into a different language. This transposition involves the original authors of Sea and Spar Between, the four original translators of Dickinson and Melville into Polish, and ourselves, turning into a multilayered translational challenge, something we propose to call a distributed translation. While testing the language and the potential of poetry translation in the digital age, the experiment – we hope – has produced some fascinating and thought-provoking poetry. Translated by the Authors

Published
2023
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30. When cold, dense quarks in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions are not a Fermi liquid

Author

Lajer, Marton, Konik, Robert M., Pisarski, Robert D., and Tsvelik, Alexei M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We analyze the behavior of quarks coupled to a $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions. In the limit of strong coupling, the model reduces to a Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten (WZNW) model. At nonzero density, excitations near the Fermi surface form a non-Fermi liquid. With $N_f$ flavors, the finite density of quarks reduce to a free $U(1)$ field, which governs fluctuations in baryon number, together with a WZNW $SU(N_f)$ nonlinear sigma model at level $N_c$, from the pion/kaon modes. We compute the singularity in the charge susceptibility at the Fermi surface and the attendant power law correlations. We suggest that this is relevant to the quarkyonic regime of cold, dense QCD in 3+1 dimensions, in the limit that the Fermi surface is covered by many small patches, and the theory is effectively one dimensional. In this regime the dominant excitations near the Fermi surface are not baryons, but gapless bosonic modes.

Published
2021
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31. Moat Regimes in QCD and their Signatures in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Author

Rennecke, Fabian and Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Dense QCD matter can exhibit spatially modulated regimes. They can be characterized by particles with a moat spectrum, where the minimum of the energy is over a sphere at nonzero momentum. Such a moat regime can either be a precursor for the formation inhomogeneous condensates, or signal a quantum pion liquid. We introduce the quantum pion liquid and discuss the underlying physics of the moat regime based on studies in low-energy models and preliminary results in QCD. Heavy-ion collisions at small beam energies have the potential to reveal the rich phase structure of QCD at low temperature and nonzero density. We show how moat regimes can be discovered through such collisions. Particle production is enhanced at the bottom of the moat, resulting in a peak at nonzero momentum, instead of zero, in the particle spectrum. Particle number correlations can even increase by several orders of magnitude at nonzero momentum in the moat regime., Comment: Proceedings of the International Conference on Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement - CPOD2021

Published
2021

33. Red-emitting olivine-type ceramic luminophores Li2MGeO4 (M = Zn, Mg) doped with Sm3+

Author

Nikola Bednarska-Adam, Marta Kuwik, Tomasz Goryczka, Wojciech A. Pisarski, and Joanna Pisarska

Subjects
Visible emission, Samarium ions, Ceramic phosphors, Optical materials, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

This article investigates the luminescent properties of olivine-type germanate ceramics luminophores doped with trivalent samarium (Sm3+) ions, prepared through a solid-state reaction method with two distinct compositions: Li2MgGeO4:0.5Sm3+ and Li2ZnGeO4:0.5Sm3+. The emission spectra for germanate systems displayed characteristic bands associated with Sm3+ ion transitions. The results obtained for the studied ceramic luminophores indicated that orangish-red and red emissions attributed to characteristic 4f-4f transitions of Sm3+ ions. On the other hand, broad bands assigned directly to the ceramic matrices were registered around 425 nm and 440 nm for Li2MgGeO4:0.5Sm3+ and Li2ZnGeO4:0.5Sm3+ samples, respectively. The impact of the matrix composition on the emission spectra of samarium-doped olivine-type germanate ceramics has been examined in details.

Published
2024
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34. “Him Leaving Me – That is My Fear Now”: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Relationship Dissolution Between Ugandan Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living with HIV and Their Male Partners

Author

Bulterys, Michelle A., Mujugira, Andrew, Nakyanzi, Agnes, Wyatt, Monique A., Kamusiime, Brenda, Kasiita, Vicent, Kakoola, Grace Nalukwago, Nalumansi, Alisaati, Twesigye, Collins, Pisarski, Emily E., Sharma, Monisha, Boyer, Jade, Naddunga, Faith, Ware, Norma C., and Celum, Connie L.

Published
2023
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35. Roman Jackiw and Chern-Simons theories

Author

Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

I recount my personal experience interacting with Roman Jackiw in the 1980s, when we both worked on Chern-Simons theories in three dimensions., Comment: 4 pages + 7 figures; to appear in the journal for the International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians (ICCM). v2: corrected acknowledgements

Published
2021

36. Low energy physics of interacting bosons with a moat spectrum, and the implications for condensed matter and cold nuclear matter

Author

Pisarski, Robert D. and Tsvelik, Alexei M.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We discuss bosonic models with a moat spectrum, where in momentum space the minimum of the dispersion relation is on a sphere of nonzero radius. For spinless bosons with $O(N)$ symmetry, we emphasize the essential difference between $N=2$ and $N > 2$. When $N=2$, there are two phase transitions: at zero temperature, a transition to a state with Bose condensation, and at nonzero temperature, a transition to a spatially inhomogeneous state. When $N > 2$, previous analysis suggests that a mass gap is generated dynamically at any temperature. In condensed matter, a moat spectrum is important for spin-orbit-coupled bosons. For cold nuclear or quarkyonic matter, we suggest that the transport properties, such as neutrino emission, are dominated by the phonons related to a moat spectrum; also, that at least in the quarkyonic phase the nucleons may be a non-Fermi liquid., Comment: Superceded by the results in arXiv:2112.10238, with M. Lajer and R. Konik

Published
2021

37. Signatures of Moat Regimes in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Author

Pisarski, Robert D. and Rennecke, Fabian

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Heavy-ion collisions at small beam energies have the potential to reveal the rich phase structure of QCD at nonzero temperature and density. Among the possible phases are regimes which feature periodic modulations of the spatial structure, where the energy spectrum is shaped like a moat, with the minimum of the energy over a sphere at nonzero momentum. We argue that if the matter created in heavy-ion collisions traverses such a regime, it can produce a characteristic momentum dependence of particle number and their correlations. As an explicit example, we consider a quantum pion liquid phase to compute these quantities on the freeze-out surface. These results can serve as a first guideline for a systematic search of spatially modulated phases in heavy-ion collisions., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; matches the published version. v3: corrected acknowledgements for RDP

Published
2021
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38. Remarks on nuclear matter: how an $\omega_0$ condensate can spike the speed of sound, and a model of $Z(3)$ baryons

Author

Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

I make two comments about nuclear matter. First, I consider the effects of a coupling between the $O(4)$ chiral field, $\vec{\phi}$, and the $\omega_\mu$ meson, $\sim + \, \omega_\mu^2 \, \vec{\phi}^{\, 2}$; for any net baryon density, a condensate for $\omega_0$ is unavoidably generated. I assume that with increasing density, a decrease of the chiral condensate and the effective $\omega_0$ mass gives a stiff equation of state (EoS). In order to match that onto a soft EoS for quarkyonic matter, I consider an $O(N)$ field at large $N$, where at nonzero temperature quantum fluctuations disorder any putative pion "condensate" into a quantum pion liquid (Q$\pi$L) (arXiv:2005.10259). In this paper I show that the Q$\pi$L persists at zero temperature. If valid qualitatively at $N=4$, the $\omega_0$ mass goes up sharply and suppresses the $\omega_0$ condensate. This could generate a spike in the speed of sound at high density, which is of relevance to neutron stars. Second, I propose a toy model of a $Z(3)$ gauge theory with three flavors of fermions, where $Z(3)$ vortices confine fermions into baryons. In $1+1$ dimensions this model can be studied numerically with present techniques, using either classical or quantum computers., Comment: Slightly expanded from published version

Published
2021
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39. Tm3+/Ho3+ profiled co-doped core area optical fiber for emission in the range of 1.6–2.1 µm

Author

Piotr Miluski, Krzysztof Markowski, Marcin Kochanowicz, Marek Łodziński, Jacek Żmojda, Wojciech A. Pisarski, Joanna Pisarska, Marta Kuwik, Magdalena Leśniak, Dominik Dorosz, Tomasz Ragiń, Valiantsin Askirka, and Jan Dorosz

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Double-clad optical fiber with a multi-ring core profile doped with thulium and holmium fabricated by Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition Chelate Doping Technology (MCVD-CDT) is presented. The measured Tm2O3 and Ho2O3 complexes’ weight concentrations were 0.5% and 0.2% respectively. Numerical analyses show weakly guiding conditions and 42.2 µm of MFD LP01 at 2000 nm. The low NA numerical aperture (NA = 0.054) was obtained for the 20/250 µm core/cladding ratio optical fiber construction. The emission spectra in the range of 1.6–2.1 µm vs. the fiber length are presented. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) decreases from 318 to 270 nm for fiber lengths from 2 to 10 m. The presented fiber design is of interest for the development of new construction of optical fibers operating in the eye-safe spectral range.

Published
2023
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40. How PrEP delivery was integrated into public ART clinics in central Uganda: A qualitative analysis of implementation processes.

Author

Monique A Wyatt, Emily E Pisarski, Alisaati Nalumansi, Vicent Kasiita, Brenda Kamusiime, Grace K Nalukwago, Dorothy Thomas, Timothy R Muwonge, Andrew Mujugira, Renee Heffron, Norma C Ware, and Partners PrEP Program Study Team

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Tailored delivery strategies are important for optimizing the benefit and overall reach of PrEP in sub-Saharan Africa. An integrated approach of delivering time-limited PrEP in combination with ART to serodifferent couples encourages PrEP use in the HIV-negative partner as a bridge to sustained ART use. Although PrEP has been delivered in ART clinics for many years, the processes involved in integrating PrEP into ART services are not well understood. The Partners PrEP Program was a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial of integrated PrEP and ART delivery for HIV serodifferent couples in 12 public health facilities in central Uganda (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03586128). Using qualitative data, we identified and characterized key implementation processes that explain how PrEP delivery was integrated into existing ART services in the Partners PrEP Program. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposefully-selected sub-sample of 83 members of 42 participating serodifferent couples, and with 36 health care providers implementing integrated delivery. High quality training, technical supervision, and teamwork were identified as key processes supporting providers to implement PrEP delivery. Interest in the PrEP program was promoted through the numerous ways health care providers made integrated ART and PrEP meaningful for serodifferent couples, including tailored counseling messages, efforts to build confidence in integrated delivery, and strategies to create demand for PrEP. Couples in the qualitative sample responded positively to providers' efforts to promote the integrated strategy. HIV-negative partners initiated PrEP to preserve their relationships, which inspired their partners living with HIV to recommit to ART adherence. Lack of disclosure among couples and poor retention on PrEP were identified as barriers to implementation of the PrEP program. A greater emphasis on understanding the meaning of PrEP for users and its contribution to implementation promises to strengthen future research on PrEP scale up in sub-Saharan Africa.

Published
2024
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41. Effective models of a semi-quark gluon plasma

Author

Hidaka, Yoshimasa and Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

In the deconfined regime of a non-Abelian gauge theory at nonzero temperature, previously it was argued that if a (gauge invariant) source is added to generate nonzero holonomy, that this source must be linear for small holonomy. The simplest example of this is the second Bernoulli polynomial. However, then there is a conundrum in computing the free energy to $\sim g^3$ in the coupling constant $g$, as part of the free energy is discontinuous as the holonomy vanishes. In this paper we investigate two ways of generating the second Bernoulli polynomial dynamically: as a mass derivative of an auxiliary field, and from two dimensional ghosts embedded isotropically in four dimensions. Computing the holonomous hard thermal loop (HHTL) in the gluon self-energy, we find that the limit of small holonomy is only well behaved for two dimensional ghosts, with a free energy which to $\sim g^3$ is continuous as the holonomy vanishes., Comment: 33 pages, 1 figure

Published
2020
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42. How transverse thermal fluctuations disorder a condensate of chiral spirals into a quantum spin liquid

Author

Pisarski, Robert D., Tsvelik, Alexei M., and Valgushev, Semeon

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

For a scalar theory with a global $O(N)$ symmetry, when $N=2$ a spatially inhomogeneous condensate arises when the term in the Lagrangian with two spatial derivatives has a negative coefficient. If the condensate for such a chiral spiral includes only one mode, characterized by a momentum $k_0 \hat{z}$, then in perturbation theory at nonzero temperature the propagator for the static mode has a double pole when $\vec{k}^2 = k_0^2$. We conjecture that since chiral spirals spontaneously break both global and spacetime symmetries, that such double poles are a universal property of their static transverse modes. Fluctuations from double poles generate linear infrared divergences in any number of spatial dimensions and disorder the condensate of chiral spirals, analogous to a type of quantum spin liquid. The characteristic feature of this region is that over large spatial distances the two point function is the usual exponential times an oscillatory function. We prove this at large $N$ and suggest this occurs for all $N > 2$. Implications for four-fermion models and the phase diagram of QCD are discussed., Comment: v2: added a discussion of previous work by Kleinert, ref. 10

Published
2020
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43. The Lifshitz Regime and its Experimental Signals

Author

Pisarski, R. D., Rennecke, F., Tsvelik, A., and Valgushev, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We discuss the possibility of a Lifshitz regime, where the dispersion relation for Goldstone bosons and related fields has a minimum at nonzero momenta. Studies with the Functional Renormalization Group suggest that this occurs over a wide region in the plane of temperature and baryon chemical potential. Conversely, the FRG finds that the region in which fluctuations from a critical endpoint are significant is rather small. We suggest that this is due generically to the narrowness of the tricritical region in the chiral limit. Even if particles are produced in thermal equilibrium, a dispersion relation which is non-monotonic in momenta produces what appears to be non-thermal behavior., Comment: Submitted to the proceedings of Quark Matter 2019, Nucl. Phys. A

Published
2020
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44. Free energy of a Holonomous Plasma

Author

Altes, Chris P. Korthals, Nishimura, Hiromichi, Pisarski, Robert D., and Skokov, Vladimir V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

At a nonzero temperature T, a constant field $\overline{A}_0 \sim T/g$ generates nontrivial eigenvalues of the thermal Wilson line. We discuss contributions to the free energy of such a holonomous plasma when the coupling constant, $g$, is weak. We review the computation to $\sim g^2$ by several alternate methods, and show that gauge invariant sources, which are nonlinear in the gauge potential $A_0$, generate novel contributions to the gluon self energy at $\sim g^2$. These ensure the gluon self energy remains transverse to $\sim g^2$, and are essential in computing contributions to the free energy at $\sim g^3$ for small holonomy, $\overline{A}_0 \sim T$. We show that the contribution $\sim g^3$ from off-diagonal gluons is discontinuous as the holonomy vanishes. The contribution from diagonal gluons is continuous as the holonomy vanishes, but sharply constrains the possible sources which generate nonzero holonomy, and must involve an infinite number of Polyakov loops., Comment: 32 pages, 2 figures

Published
2020
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45. A paired-kidney allocation study found superior survival with HLA-DR compatible kidney transplants in the Eurotransplant Senior Program

Author

Tieken, I., Haasnoot, G., van Meel, M., Rump, L.C., Rosenkranz, A., Horn, S., Margreiter, R., Schneeberger, S., Oberbauer, R., Pohanka, E., Függer, F., Mühlbacher, F., Berlakovich, G., Meurisse, M., Weekers, L., Ysebaert, D., Wissing, K.M., Mikhalski, D., Mourad, M., van Biesen, W., Kuypers, D., Floege, J., Anthuber, M., Viebahn, R., Schenker, P., Budde, K., Pratschke, J., Zidek, W., Melchior, S., Woitas, R., Strassburg, C.H., Hugo, C., Wirth, M., Schiffer, M., Kribben, A., Pisarski, P., Fichtner-Feigl, S., Haubitz, M., Weimer, R., Weithofer, P., Fornara, P., Fisher, L., Sester, U., Zeier, M., Kliem, V., Klempnauer, l, Grimm, M.O., Kunzendorf, U., Stippel, D., Arns, W., Mönch, C., Nitschke, M., Bartels, M., Krämer, B., Kruger, B., Heemann, U., Werner, J., Hoyer, J., Wolters, H.H., Suwelack, B., Lutz, J., Banas, B., Hakenberg, O., Olbricht, C.J., Kalus, M., Schwenger, V., Nadalin, S., Schröppel, B., Lopau, K., Seelen, M.A.J., Berger, S.P., de Fijter, J.W., van der Linden, S.J., Christiaans, M.H.L., van de Wetering, J., van Zuilen, A.D., Bemelman, F., Nurmohamed, A., Hilbrands, L., de Fijter, Johan, Dreyer, Geertje, Mallat, Marko, Budde, Klemens, Pratschke, Johann, Klempnauer, Jürgen, Zeier, Martin, Arns, Wolfgang, Hugo, Christian, Rump, Lars-Christian, Hauser, Ingeborg, Schenker, Peter, Schiffer, Mario, Grimm, Marc-Oliver, Kliem, Volker, Olbricht, Christoph J., Pisarski, Przemyslaw, Banas, Bernhard, Suwelack, Barbara, Hakenberg, Oliver, Berlakovich, Gabriela, Schneeberger, Stefan, van de Wetering, Jacqueline, Berger, Stefan, Bemelman, Frederike, Kuypers, Dirk, Heidt, Sebastiaan, Rahmel, Axel, Claas, Frans, Peeters, Patrick, Oberbauer, Rainer, Heemann, Uwe, and Krämer, Bernhard K.

Published
2023
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47. Conundrum for the free energy of a holonomous gluonic plasma at cubic order

Author

Altes, Christiaan P. Korthals, Nishimura, Hiromichi, Pisarski, Robert D., and Skokov, Vladimir V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We compute the term $\sim g^3$ in the free energy for a $SU(N)$ gauge theory with nonzero holonomy at nonzero temperature. If the holonomy is generated kinematically by the introduction of gauge invariant sources coupled to Polyakov loops, the contribution of charged (off-diagonal) gluons to the free energy at order $g^3$, ${\cal F}^{\left( 3\rm{:c.g.} \right)}$, is singular: ${\cal F}^{\left( 3\rm{:c.g.} \right)} \neq 0 $ without holonomy, but ${\cal F}^{\left( 3 \rm{:c.g.} \right)}= 0$ when the holonomy is nonzero, even infinitesimally. We show that the absence of the charged gluon contribution is required by gauge invariance alone and is therefore a universal feature., Comment: 14 pages

Published
2019
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48. The Myriad Uses of Instantons

Author

Pisarski, Robert D. and Rennecke, Fabian

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the role which topologically non-trivial configurations play in splitting the singlet pseudo-Goldstone meson, the $\eta^\prime$, from the octet is familiar. In addition, such configurations contribute to other processes which violate the axial $U(1)_A$ symmetry. While the nature of topological fluctuations in the confined phase is still unsettled, at temperatures well above that for the chiral phase transition, they can be described by a dilute gas of instantons. We show that instantons of arbitrary topological charge $Q$ generate anomalous interactions between $2 N_f |Q|$ quarks, which for $Q = 1$ make the $\eta^\prime$ heavy. For two flavors we compute an anomalous quartic meson coupling and discuss its implications for the phenomenology of the chiral phase transition. A dilute instanton gas suggests that for cold, dense quarks, instantons do not evaporate until very high densities, when the baryon chemical potential is $\gtrsim 2$ GeV., Comment: 4+21 pages; v2: details on the ADHM construction added

Published
2019
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49. Emergent QCD Kondo effect in two-flavor color superconducting phase

Author

Hattori, Koichi, Huang, Xu-Guang, and Pisarski, Robert D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We show that effective coupling strengths between ungapped and gapped quarks in the two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) phase are renormalized by logarithmic quantum corrections. We obtain a set of coupled renormalization-group (RG) equations for two distinct effective coupling strengths arising from gluon exchanges carrying different color charges. The diagram of RG flow suggests that both of the coupling strengths evolve into a strong-coupling regime as we decrease the energy scale toward the Fermi surface. This is a characteristic behavior observed in the Kondo effect, which has been known to occur in the presence of impurity scatterings via non-Abelian interactions. We propose a novel Kondo effect emerging without doped impurities, but with the gapped quasiexcitations and the residual SU(2) color subgroup intrinsic in the 2SC phase, which we call the 2SC Kondo effect., Comment: Discussions added before the conclusion. Published version

Published
2019
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50. All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars using Advanced LIGO O2 data

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Aloy, M. A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Avendano, V., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barnum, S., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Beniwal, D., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bernuzzi, S., Bero, J. J., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhandare, R., Bidler, J., Bilenko, I. A., Bilgili, S. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bode, N., Boer, M., Boetzel, Y., Bogaert, G., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Booth, C. D., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossie, K., Bossilkov, V., Bosveld, J., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brighenti, F., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Campbell, W. A., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, O., Chakravarti, K., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chaturvedi, M., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -P., Cheong, C. K., Chia, H. Y., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, G., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Cleva, F., Cocchieri, C., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D., Colgan, R., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, C., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Dálya, G., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Costa, C. F. Da Silva, Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., DeBra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., DeMarchi, L. M., Demos, N., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., Derby, J., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., de Varona, O., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducoin, J. -G., Dupej, P., Dwyer, S. E., Easter, P. J., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Essick, R. C., Estelles, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z. B., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Fee, C., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Feng, F., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferreira, T. A., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. 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E., Zweizig, J., and Pisarski, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We present results of an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves (CWs), which can be produced by fast-spinning neutron stars with an asymmetry around their rotation axis, using data from the second observing run of the Advanced LIGO detectors. We employ three different semi-coherent methods ($\textit{FrequencyHough}$, $\textit{SkyHough}$, and $\textit{Time-Domain $\mathcal{F}$-statistic}$) to search in a gravitational-wave frequency band from 20 to 1922 Hz and a first frequency derivative from $-1\times10^{-8}$ to $2\times10^{-9}$ Hz/s. None of these searches has found clear evidence for a CW signal, so we present upper limits on the gravitational-wave strain amplitude $h_0$ (the lowest upper limit on $h_0$ is $1.7\times10^{-25}$ in the 123-124 Hz region) and discuss the astrophysical implications of this result. This is the most sensitive search ever performed over the broad range of parameters explored in this study.

Published
2019
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