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The topic addressed in this paper is related to two waste management (poultry manure) objectives: reducing environmental impact through combustion, and energy generation. Poultry industry waste is produced in large amounts and cannot be always used as a fertilizer. Its storage needs large sites, but if they are improperly designed could affect the phreatic groundwater. The paper is organized as it follows. The first part presents the energy characteristics the waste samples analyzed (they come from a poultry farm, which beds the floor with cereal straw or sawdust; relatively to the waste mass, the bedding represents about 5% to 15%). The samples are taken from an intermediate warehouse located between the production halls and the central warehouse of a large capacity poultry farm. Regarding the location, the poultry farm is placed in the center of the historical region of Moldova, in Romania. From an exclusively energetic point of view, differences between the two beddings are not significant, since they both belong to the biomass class; if the biomass bedding lacks (very rare), the energy characteristics of the poultry manure get worse. The second part introduces a technology suitable for this kind of waste combustion. Starting from the energy properties, thermal conditions for ignition and flame support are investigated. The boiler types adequate for the process are specified, appropriate thermal power range is indicated. Considering the very difficult manipulation of this particular waste, its use is recommended for thermal energy production. Local utilization is taken into consideration, especially for heating purposes, for instance of the production halls. According to the results of this study, boilers equipped with mobile grate combustion installations and using gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons fuel aid are expected to have good yields for energetic valorization of poultry waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental research has highlighted the variety of possibilities of combustion of animal fat from bovine and swine mixed with liquid hydrocarbons. Previous research has established that the upper limit for an efficient combustion was 30%. For a perfect mixing, the lower temperature limit was set to 40 °C. In the fuel laboratory, at the department TMETF was determined the viscosity of the mixtures for different proportions. The values obtained for various concentrations and preheating temperatures were close to the values for liquid hydrocarbons. The experimental researches have studied the combustion of the mixture using a mechanically spraying burner with constant pressure between 14 and 18 bar. The aspiration of the mixture is done from a specially designed tank; this tank is equipped with an electric heater, in order to maintain the mixture at a constant temperature between 40 °C to 50 °C. After that, the burner heats again the mixture with an integrated heating device up to 75 °C. The burner is also equipped with an air blower, pump and a calibrated nozzle. The combustion resulted from the experimental boiler with a power rated to 55 kW were monitored with a thermal vision camera and an exhaust gas analyser. This research has demonstrated the viability of using this type of mixtures in energetic burning equipment designed for liquid hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first part of the paper analyses the role of renewable resources in the production of electric and thermal energy in Romania. It was taken in consideration also the wood mass destined to heating the population, as a large number of households still use this fuel exclusively. Starting from the plough land and its associated production, there is the availability of agricultural biomass possible to use for energy production. The paper is concluded with the final considerations on the benefits of using biomass for energy production. As far as straw is concerned, a feasible long-distance transport option has not yet been found, so their use is limited to the range in which the trucks can be economically conveyed. The same is true for the case of energy willow or sorghum crops. For sorghum its fermentation is advantageous. For the biomass cultivator the following opportunities can be identified: Reduced storage costs; Reducing the environmental pollution and, implicitly, avoiding the sanitation costs of the adjacent area; Income generation through sales; Development of deprived areas and rational employment of the workforce. For the biomass consumer the following advantages can be mentioned: Reducing Renewable Fuel Costs vs. Conventional Fuels (Fuel, Natural Gas, Coal); as a rule, in Romania, agricultural biomass was imposed for the production of thermal energy; Reducing environmental costs. This is possible if it is considered that by using biomass as a fuel, CO2 emissions are considered to be zero compared to the use of conventional fuels under the Kyoto Convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the possibility of using poultry manure pyrolysis to obtain energy- efficient products. Poultry manure pyrolysis is the intended technology of combustion for both ecological and energy generation purposes, obtaining coke and gas fuel. The waste subjected to pyrolysis had a behaviour very close to that of the inferior coal. This is also confirmed by the elemental analysis; high moisture value raising issues when direct combustion is used. The combustion of the poultry manure through various technologies, including pyrolysis, using also another fuel, is a secondary result. Waste management represents a current major concern, especially for modern society who faces the pressing problem of their storage. Thermal treatment is a solution adopted in several circumstances. The results obtained show that waste behavior is very close to that of inferior coal. Power consumption for pyrolysis process falls within satisfactory limits; bellow the heat obtained by burning pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis fuel products, represented by semi-coke and coke, are likely to be used to produce energy. The paper presents a practical way of economic and ecological exploitation of the garbage from the poultry farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper disseminates the research project, of wide impact, regarding HOLISTICS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ON ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE - HORESEC is to develop new instruments, methods, models, and technologies. These ones, based on evaluating the increase of share of renewable energy sources in the energy production and dynamics of the ratio between thermal and electrical energy, will lead to minimize the costs and maximize the efficiency. The project will present solutions tested on a pilot installation for adapting the renewable energy sources system to the dynamics of renewable energy share increase in the total energy production, including through long-term storage solutions. The HORESEC improvement of institutional capacity facilitates delivering high quality research services and, in the same time, increases the visibility at national and international level by disseminating the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]