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Introduction. Until recently, open ureteral reimplantation was considered the gold standard for the surgical treatment of ureterovesical junction (UVJ) pathologies. The introduction of minimally invasive ureteral reimplantation (MIUR) for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and primary obstructive megaureter (POM) in children started in the 1990s. However, studies describing national trends in the use of minimally invasive and open approaches in the surgical treatment of UVJ pathology in children are limited.Objective. To describe changes in the use of MIUR and open ureteral reimplantation (OUR) between 2007 and 2022 in some regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus and compare the results and complication rates of the two surgical approaches. Materials & methods. The study includes 1273 patients (1793 ureters), operated on for UVJ pathology in the period from 2007 to 2022. MIR was performed in 1356 (75.6%) ureters (913 for VUR and 443 for POM). The studied parameters included an annual amount of reimplantation, the age of patients, the frequency of intra- and postoperative complications, as well as the medium-term results of operations.Results. The use of MIUR techniques has increased significantly over time, and in 2022, seventy-five percent of surgeries were performed using MIUR. Analysis of the rate of adoption of MIUR by clinics showed that those that began using it first experienced a significant increase in frequency of use after 4 to 6 years, while those that started later took 2 to 3 years to achieve a significant positive trend. There were 5 (0.4%) intraoperative complications in the MIUR group. All these complications were classified as grade I according to the Satava grading system. There was no significant difference between MIUR and OUR in terms of postoperative complication rates (6.6% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.8). The efficiency of reimplantation was 96.6% in the MIUR group compared to 95.9% in the OUR group for POM and 96.2% in the MIR group compared to 94.6% in the OUR for VUR.Conclusion. In the regions of Russia involved in the study, there has been a trend towards completely replacing open surgery with minimally invasive techniques. Regarding complication rates and efficacy, MIUR is not significantly different from OUR.

Aim: to evaluate, using the “GastroPanel®”, the frequency of detection of H. pylori infection and associated gastric diseases among doctors and medical staff of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow.Materials and methods. Employees of three branches of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre (n = 434, mean age — 48.5 ± 0.6 years) were examined using laboratory tests “GastroPanel®” (Biohit Oyj, Finland). The test results make it possible to identify infection of the stomach with H. pylori, hypo- and hyperacid conditions, as well as atrophic gastritis of the antrum and body of the stomach, as its precancerous conditions. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) for suspected atrophic gastritis was performed with an Olympus GIF-HQ190 video endoscope (Japan) in a narrow-spectrum mode with close focus (NBI Dual Focus).Results. The absence of pathological signs detected by “GastroPanel®” was established in 23.3 % of cases, hyperacid state — in 18.4 %, and hypoacid state — in 5.2 %. These disorders are classified as functional. Consequently, the conditional norm in total was identified in 46.9 % of observations. An increased level of antibodies to H. pylori was found in 43.3 % of those examined. Atrophic gastritis in the body of the stomach according to the results of the “GastroPanel®” was detected in 4.8 % of cases (median age — 59 years), in the antrum (or increased secretion of hydrochloric acid) — also in 4.8 % of cases (median age — 52 years). Within two months after laboratory diagnostics, EGDS was performed for 10 out of 15 patients examined at the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute in whom, based on the results of the “GastroPanel®”, the presence of atrophic gastritis in the antrum (or increased secretion of hydrochloric acid) was suspected. In 6 out of 10 cases, atrophic gastritis of the antrum was confirmed (in two of them, the atrophy extended to the body of the stomach and was assessed as severe). Of the 11 people with the “GastroPanel®” conclusion “Atrophic gastritis of the body of the stomach,” an endoscopic examination was carried out in 7 persons, and in all these cases the diagnosis was confirmed, and in two people the conclusion was made of severe atrophic pangastritis.Conclusion. “GastroPanel®” confirmed its high significance in identifying H. pylori infection and precancerous atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa. Regarding the occupational risks of infection among medical workers, we consider it advisable to conduct such screening without selecting an asymptomatic population.

Aim. The guidelines set out the modern methods of diagnostics and treatment of peptic ulcer and are created for gastroenterologists, primary care physicians, general practitioners, surgeons, endoscopists.Key points. The clinical guidelines contain modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer, its clinical features, methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, the main approaches to conservative and surgical treatment. They include the criteria for assessment of the quality of medical care, the algorithm of the doctor's actions, as well as information for the patient.Conclusion. Knowledge of modern methods of diagnostics and therapy of peptic ulcers will contribute to improving the results of its treatment.

Introduction. During the correction of ureterovesical junction (UVJ) obstruction of the upper segment of the duplicated upper urinary tract (DUUT), the healthy part of the DUUT may be involved around surgery area. Therefore, it risks damage to the complex or even complete loss of the renal unit.Objective. To evaluate preliminary results for the repair of upper segment obstruction of duplicated upper urinary tract without involvement of the unaffected segment of the renal unit using vesicoscopic access.Materials & methods. Since 2022, selective ureteral reimplantation of the upper segment of the DUUT according to Cohen using vesicoscopic access (VSA) has been performed in three children. A boy aged 23 months, a girl aged 18 months, and a boy aged four months had unilateral ureterohydronephrosis (SFU grade IV) of the upper segment of the DUUT with ectopy of the ureteral orifice into the urethra. All patients underwent laboratory tests, ultrasound, intravenous urography, retrograde micturition cystography, CT scans. Urinary tract infection, increasing hydronephrosis and dilation of the DUUT were the indications for surgery. Surgery efficacy was evaluated by ultrasound and urine analyses.Results. All surgeries were completed using VSA devoid for conversion. Surgery time was between 110- and 150-min. Blood loss was 10 ml. Postoperative complication was observed in one patient represented by dynamic intestinal obstruction with subsequent anaemia. The reason was inadequate function of the urethral catheter in the early postoperative period, which was unrelated to the core features of the technique. The postoperative stay ranged from 8 to 14 days. Absence of pyelonephritis, significant reduction in the grade of upper urinary tract dilation were observed according to the postoperative examination in all patients within 3 to 6 months after surgery. We did not detect pathological changes in the lower segment of the affected DUUT in any patient postoperatively.Conclusion. Selective ureteral reimplantation of the upper segment of the DUUT according to Cohen using VSA is a feasible and safe procedure that can effectively relieve obstruction of the upper half of the DUUT without surgical involvement of the unaffected part.

Abstract Background Formation of tissue-specific transcriptional programs underlies multicellular development, including dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo. This involves interactions between transcriptional enhancers and promoters in a chromatin context, but how the chromatin landscape influences transcription is not fully understood. Results Here we comprehensively resolve differential transcriptional and chromatin states during Drosophila DV patterning. We find that RNA Polymerase II pausing is established at DV promoters prior to zygotic genome activation (ZGA), that pausing persists irrespective of cell fate, but that release into productive elongation is tightly regulated and accompanied by tissue-specific P-TEFb recruitment. DV enhancers acquire distinct tissue-specific chromatin states through CBP-mediated histone acetylation that predict the transcriptional output of target genes, whereas promoter states are more tissue-invariant. Transcriptome-wide inference of burst kinetics in different cell types revealed that while DV genes are generally characterized by a high burst size, either burst size or frequency can differ between tissues. Conclusions The data suggest that pausing is established by pioneer transcription factors prior to ZGA and that release from pausing is imparted by enhancer chromatin state to regulate bursting in a tissue-specific manner in the early embryo. Our results uncover how developmental patterning is orchestrated by tissue-specific bursts of transcription from Pol II primed promoters in response to enhancer regulatory cues.

In this paper, a computer quantum-chemical simulation of the interaction of selenium nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium compounds was carried out, in which models of molecular complexes, electron density distribution, as well as higher populated and lower free molecular orbitals were obtained. For the presented molecular systems, the total energy of the molecular complex E, the difference in the energy of the quaternary ammonium compound molecule and the system «quaternary ammonium compound-selenium nanoparticles» ΔE, the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital EHOMO, the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ELUMO, and the chemical rigidity of the system η were calculated. As a result of data analysis, it was found that the interaction of selenium nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium compounds is energetically advantageous (ΔE > 11991 kcal/mol). The optimal system of interaction of selenium nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium compounds is the «cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-selenium nanoparticles» system, which is due to the highest value of the energy difference (ΔE = 11991,79 kcal/mol). Based on the analysis of the obtained models of molecular systems, it was found that when a quaternary ammonium compound interacts with selenium nanoparticles, the electron density is shifted and new molecular orbitals are formed, which indicate formation of a chemical interaction between the molecules. Next, IR spectroscopy of selenium nanoparticles stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride was performed. Based on the data obtained, it is found that there is a decrease in the intensity of the bands, in comparison with the IR spectrum of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, in the regions from 2851 to 3026 cm-1 and from 1265 to 1377 cm-1, characteristic of the CH2 and CH3 groups, which indicates the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride molecules oriented with the hydrophobic side to selenium particles on their surface. After that, the morphology of selenium particles was studied using the transmission electron microscopy method. As a result of the analysis of transmission electron microscopy images, the formation the layer of the quaternary ammonium compound on the surface of selenium particles with a diameter of 25 to 60 nm was confirmed.

In this study, the optimal configuration of the molecular system «manganese silicate nanoparticles - essential amino acid» was determined using quantum chemical simulation. To begin with, quantum chemical simulation of individual molecules of manganese silicate and essential amino acids was carried out, after which molecular systems «manganese silicate nanoparticles - essential amino acids» were modeled, in which an oxygen atom attached to silicon atom in manganese silicate was combined with an ionized amino group of amino acids. As a result, it was found that the molecular systems «manganese silicate nanoparticles - essential amino acids» are energetically advantageous and chemically stable. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the optimal configuration of these molecular systems is the interaction of manganese silicate with lysine through the ionized α-amino group of lysine. This molecular system has the highest values of the difference in total energy (ΔE = 73.268 kcal/mol) and chemical hardness (η = 0.144 eV), which are indicators of energy benefits and chemical stability of molecular system. After mixing manganese acetate, L-lysine and sodium silicate, manganese silicate nanoparticles stabilized with L-lysine were obtained.

The work is devoted to the search for conditions for the sample preparation and determination of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine and identification of the products of their metabolism and degradation in human liver (post mortem) and material evidences by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A QUECHERS approach was developed to the sample preparation of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. Amitriptyline was proposed as an internal standard. Degradation products of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine were studied in model solutions upon alkaline and acid hydrolysis and oxidation; 14 metabolites and degradation products were identified. The main analytical characteristics of the developed procedure were determined. The limits of detection are 0.1 and 0.2 [micro]g/g for carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, respectively. The developed procedure complies with the Validation Guidelines of the Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination., Author(s): A. V. Pirogov [sup.1] , N. A. Gandlevskii [sup.1] , A. A. Vasil'eva [sup.1] , S. S. Barsegyan [sup.2] , A. E. Nosyrev [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.14476.30, 0000 [...]