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Background: Macroalgae are rich in diverse valuable compounds so they are known as the 21 century medicinal plants. In this study polar to nonpolar extracts of four macroalgae species, Sargassum boveanum, Fucus trinodis, Galaxaura rugos and Laurencia denderoidea were collected from the Persian Gulf coastlines, evaluated for their phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Material and Methods: Phenol and flavonoid contents of species were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of extractions were analyzed by total antioxidant activity (TAC) and reducing power of Fe3+ respectively and also antibacterial activity of samples were analyzed by disc diffusion method against two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria. Results: F. trinodis showed the highest phenolic (1.38 gGA/100gDW.) and flavonoid (0.798 gQE/100gDW.) contents and G. rugosa showed the lowest phenolic (0.240 gGA/100gDW.) and flavonoid (0.094 gQE/100gDW.) contents. Chloroform extract of F. trinodis (2.98 ugASA/mg) and S. boveanum (2.48 nm) showed the maximum level of TAC and reducing power antioxidant activities, respectively. The samples with high content of phenolic and flavonoid contents showed the highest antioxidant activity too. All the three extracts of S. boveanum and F. trinodis showed the considerable antibacterial activity against all the four examined strains of bacteria especially negative gram bacteria. Conclusion: The studied macroalgal species showed considerable phenolic content and bioactivities suggest that they can be suitable for medical and medicinal applications.

In this study, mitochondrial DNA analysis using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was performed to investigate the phylogeny relationship of Trichiurus lepturus in the Persian Gulf compared to the other investigated area. The amplification of 16S rDNA resulted in a product of 600 bp in all samples. The results showed that the isolated strain belongs to T. lepturus showing 42 divergence sites among the same reported partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene from the other area (West Atlantic and Indo-Pacific area). Phylogeny results showed that all 18 haplotypes of the species clustered into five clades with reasonably high bootstrap support of values (>64%). Overall, the tree topology for both phylogenetic and phenetic trees for 16S rDNA was similar. Both trees exposed two major clusters, one wholly containing the haplotypes of the T. lepturus species belonging to Indo-Pacific area with two major sister groups including Persian Gulf specimen and the other cleared the Western Atlantic and Japan individuals clustered in another distinct clade supporting the differentiation between the two areas. Phylogenic relationship observed between the Persian Gulf and the other Indo-Pacific Individuals suggested homogeneity between two mentioned areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the exploration and utilisation of food and feed from marine origin is becoming more important with the increase of human population. Macroalgae are rich in nutritious compounds, which can directly be used in human and animal feed industries. The current study presents the screening of chemical components of eight macroalgae species, Sargassum boveanum, Sirophysalis trinodis, Hypnea caroides, Palisda perforata, Galaxaura rugosa, Caulerpa racemose, Caulerpa sertularioides and Bryopsis corticolans from the Persian Gulf. The results revealed that the eight studied algal species possess high protein (14.46% to 38.20%), lipid (1.27% to 9.13%) and ash (15.50% to 49.14%) contents. The fatty acids and amino acids profile showed the presence of essential fatty acids and amino acids with high nutritional value. Phaeophyta species, S. boveanum and S. trinodis , showed the highest value of ash content and polyunsaturated fatty acids while Chlorophyta species, C. racemose, C. sertularioides and B. corticolans , showed the highest level of lipid and protein contents. Rhodophyta species, G. rugosa and P. perforata , showed the highest essential amino acid content. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of the studied marine species as a nutritional source for human and animal uses., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020.)

In this study, mitochondrial DNA analysis using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was performed to investigate the phylogeny relationship of Trichiurus lepturus in the Persian Gulf compared to the other investigated area. The amplification of 16S rDNA resulted in a product of 600 bp in all samples. The results showed that the isolated strain belongs to T. lepturus showing 42 divergence sites among the same reported partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene from the other area (West Atlantic and Indo-Pacific area). Phylogeny results showed that all 18 haplotypes of the species clustered into five clades with reasonably high bootstrap support of values (>64%). Overall, the tree topology for both phylogenetic and phenetic trees for 16S rDNA was similar. Both trees exposed two major clusters, one wholly containing the haplotypes of the T. lepturus species belonging to Indo-Pacific area with two major sister groups including Persian Gulf specimen and the other cleared the Western Atlantic and Japan individuals clustered in another distinct clade supporting the differentiation between the two areas. Phylogenic relationship observed between the Persian Gulf and the other Indo-Pacific Individuals suggested homogeneity between two mentioned areas.