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In this article, we have studied the reports of lunar occultations by this project observation's teams (named APTO) in comparison with other observations of the objects. Thirteen binary stars were selected for this study. All the previous observations of these stars were also collected. Finally, an analysis of O-C of all reports were performed.

Objectives: Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of long-term ginger consumption and progressive resistance training on lipid per oxidation and insulin resistance in obese men. Methods: In a randomized double-blind design, 32 obese men (BMI≥ 30) were assigned in to one of four groups: a Placebo (PL,n=8), Ginger group, that consumed 1 gr ginger/d for 10 wk (GI,n=8), resistance training plus Placebo (PLRT,n=8), and 1gr ginger plus resistance exercise (GIRT, n=8). Progressive resistance training was performed three days per week for 10 weeks and included 8 exercises. At baseline and after 10 weeks venous blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, pectrophotometrically were assayed by measurement of TBARS assay. Moreover, insulin resistance was determined using a homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Two-way ANOVA were used in the statistical analysis. Results: After 10 weeks of intervention, we observed a significant decrease for MDA concentration in all groups exception Placebo group (P0.05) Conclusion: Therefore, according to this results it can be said, that, long term ginger consumption and resistance training has been an effective therapeutic devise to favorable changes in lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance in obese men.

In this study monoculture of roach (Rurilus rutilus caspicus) in freshwater and brackish water with 3 stocking densities as 10000, 15000, and 20000 specimens per hectare with 3 replications each carried out from the beginning of May till October 2001. Moreover, in order to, compare cultivation of roach in freshwater with brackish water another density of 10000 specimens per hectare with 3 replication also took place. Fingerlings from the Sijoval cultivation Center were stocked in a pond for wintering and after preparation of rearing ponds in second year were introduced to the pond according to appropriate and calculated stocking density. Fingerlings were fed by concentrated food which is given to white fish for feeding (SFK) up to 30 g in weight of fingerlings. Feeding calculation based on percentage of body weight varied from 5 to 15 % of body weight. Moreover, appetite of fish also considered for feeding the fingerlings. Average weight and length in the first year from hatching time up to the end of rearing period were 5.55±1.58 g and 8.57±1.02 cm. Results indicate that in the second year and in the different stocking density the average weight and length at the end of cultivation period with minimum treatment were 56.68±16.5 g and 16.79±1.21 cm respectively. In maximum stocking density the mean average length was 16.74±1.23 cm and mean average weight was 55.33±16.5. In order to compare cultivation of roach in freshwater with brackish water another stocking density of 10000 specimens per hectare with 3 replications also took place in this study. Fingerlings with average weight of 6.5±1.82 g and average length of 9.5±1.24 cm were introduced to the ponds. At the end of rearing period average final weight was 48.53±9.41 g with average length of 15.15±1.08 cm. Average daily growth in freshwater treatment from the minimum to the maximum stocking density was 0.22, 0.26, and 0.23 respectively. In brackish water replication the average daily growth was 0.22. FCR in the freshwater treatment from the minimum to the maximum stocking density was 4.4, 4.46, and 4.4 respectively and in brackish water it was 3.14. Average condition factor in freshwater was from 2.41 in the second treatment to 2.69 in the first treatment and 2.56 in the third treatment. The average value CF in brackish water was 1.39. Survival rate in the freshwater treatment from the minimum to the maximum stocking density was 85.41, 82.21, and 82.76 % respectively and in brackish water it was 88.73. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

In this study, the toxicity of MTBE on the crustacean Daphnia magna (Cladocera) has been studied. At the beginning, for finding the range of sensitivity of D. magna to MTBE, a test had been conducted at 24h. The initial and final tests with synthetic MTBE has been done with containing solutions of water accommodated fractions (WAFs) in periods of 24 and 48h and then static bioassay was calculated in two phases of tests and the data were obtained and analyzed by SPSS 13 by using probit analysis. In 24h, lc10, lc50 and lc90 for MTBE on D. magna were 345, 646 and 941mg/l and for 48h, they were 361, 476 and 893mg/l, respectively. Also, the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of MTBE (WAFs) on D. magna was determined in 24 and 48h, 64.6 and 47.6mg/l, respectively. Results indicated that D. magna could be used for toxicity tracing MTBE in surface and ground water, because these crustaceans have perfect resistance against pollution of MTBE. It is also concluded that after 24 and 48h exposure time, there was no significant difference observed in the activity and mortality of D. magna.

We selected five sampling sites to identify Goby species in the southern Caspian Sea (Guilan Province). Results showed that the Goby specimens in this area belong to the genus Neogobius and Benthophilus. Four species from the Neogobius were identified which were as follows: N. caspius, N. fluviatilis, N. melanostomus and N. kessleri. Two species from the genus Benthophilus were identified as B. stellatus and B. ctenolepidus. As for the biological characteristics of the N. caspius, we found that the average total length (TL) of N. caspius samples was 112.98±19.87mm and their average total weight (TW) was 16.39±6.21 grams. Age composition of the samples showed the fish were in age groups 1-3 years old with the two years old fish being dominant. Average absolute fecundity was 1031.91±598 eggs. Food items of the species based on the gut content were from Carididae, Mysidae, Cumacae, Hypaniula, hironomidae, Nematoda, Abra, Gammaridae, Mytilaster, Bivalves and fish. Evidence of carnivore behavior was observed in some specimens. The most frequent food items were Cumacae, Abra, and Gammaridae respectively. The Cumacae was mostly observed in the gut of 1 and 2 years old specimens while Abra was observed mostly in the gut content of 3 years old specimens. Condition factor and feeding rate were highest in the 1 year old class. Fish age increased, other parameters declined. However, again at the age of 3, the parameters showed a slight increase. Relative gut length also increased from 0.97 in the age class 0^+ to 1.38 in the age class 3^+.

The acute toxicity and effects of diazinon on some hematological indices of Beluga (Huso huso) juveniles weighting 4.1±0.12 grams was assessed following the 0.E.C.D. direction in a static temperature in the range 20.27±2.05°C. The 96h LC50 value of diazinon for beluga juveniles was 5.821. Also, the maximum allowable concentration of diazinon in natural waters for beluga was determined to be 0.5821mg/L. Based on the toxicity table of insecticides, diazinon was listed as toxic for beluga .The clinical symptoms that were observed in this study consisted of lordosis and neural paralytic syndrome in fish exposed to the pesticide. Some abnormal reactions such as losing the balance when swimming and swimming in a half circle; expressive pigmentation mainly on the dorsal part were seen in the juveniles. Examination of hematological indices was performed on control and experimental specimens of beluga weighting 16.08 grams on average that were treated with 96h exposure to diazinon in a concentration lower than LC50 96h. The experimental group of beluga showed significantly lower value (P

We used electroshocker, cast net and gillnet twice a week in four areas of Anzali Lagoon from April to September 2001 to sample common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Specimens were subjected to biometric measurments in the lab. In all, eighteen morphometric and seven meristic measurements were done on the samples. We determined the equation for the fish total fork length and body weight for males and females. Also, Van Bertalanffy growth model was applied to the male and female fish.

A feeding experiment was conducted in a flow through water system to investigate effects of different dietary protein levels Osocaloric diets) on growth performance and survival of juvenile crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus). Four purified experimental diets with various levels of protein (25, 30, and 40%) were formulated and fed to 120 crayfish for 90 days in the individual compartment. The diets which contained 35-40% dietary protein produced the highest values in weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed utilization (ANPU). Survival of crayfish was not effected by dietary protein levels. The crayfish that were fed on the diet containing 35% protein had significantly higher PER than those which were fed with a diet containing 40% protein. Carcase composition was found to be influenced by food type. The higher protein content resulted in an increase in carcase protein and ash contents while a decrease in carcase in lipid and moisture levels was detected as influenced by the protein content. The results indicate the optimum dietary protein level for crayfish to be in the range35 to 40%.

The toxic effects of the herbicide Butachlor were studied using a concentration of 0.4-1.3ppm and 0/1-1ppm on fingerlings of the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, and Stellatus sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus, respectively in 1999. We carried out six treatments with three replicates and used one control based on the static O.E.C. D. method. Over the experiments, pH ranged between 6.7 -8.2, total hardness was measured to be 230 mg/l, water temperature was 20 plus or minus 1 degrees centigrade and dissolved oxygen was above 6 mg/l. We found that the LC50 96h of the Butachlor on fingerlings of the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, and Stellatus sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus, weighing 1-3 grams was 0.44 and 0.07 mg/l respectively. Also assessed the LC10, LC50, LC90 of the herbicide on the fingerlings of the sturgeons using the Probit Analysis procedure. We determined the maximum allowable concentration of the Butachlor herbicide for the fingerlings of the Persian sturgeons, Acipenser persicus, and Stellatus sturgeons, Acipenser stellatus, to be 0.044 and 0.007 mg/l. Based on the standards, the herbicide is considered highly toxic for the studied fingerlings.

In this investigation acute toxicity of phenol and 1-naphthol were determined based on OECD guideline in the laboratory. Experimental fishes were Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) and bream (Abramis brama orientalis). Static bioassays were used for acute toxicity tests during the period of 96 hours and all of important physicochemical parameters of water including pH, dissolved oxygen, hardness, temperature and conductivity were monitored continuously and maintained at a constant value. Five treatments were used and three replicates run for each treatment. The 96h LCSO values of phenol and 1-naphthol for Caspian kutum and bream were 21.5928 and 2.1544 mg/lit and 25.1880 and 2.8490 mg/lit, respectively. The Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) of phenol in Caspian kutum and bream were 2.1593 and 2.5188 mg/lit, respectively. The MAC value of 1-naphthol in Caspian kutum and bream were 0.2154 and 0.2849 mg/lit, respectively. It is evident from the results of the present study that Caspian kutum is more sensitive comparing to bream and the toxicity of I-naphthol is higher than phenol.

Daphnia magna was exposed to the concentration 1/4, 1/2 and 2/3 LC50 and LC50 of 6 anionic detergents to determine the effect of these detergents on filtration and ingestion rates. Two dish washing liquid in terms of active ingredient as linear alkyl benzene sulfonate each 17% but one with DE ethanolamine (5%) and lauric acid ethanolamid (2%) as its component part, including washing machine powder, two kind washing powders and a shampoo, which the last four active ingredients content were 10%, 19%, 20 - 22%, 12% respectively exposed to the test organism. The experiments were performed with unicellular algae Chlorella vulgaris in a density of 10 mg/l as a feed to Daphnia magna. Relatively simple short term bioassay methods were developed to measure the filtration and ingestion (5 hours) rate. The effective concentration at which feeding and ingestion rates were reduced to 50% of those in controls (LC50) was calculated for six detergents. These values were 9.87, 4.37, 22.8, 33.17, 21.81, 35.26 mg/l for feeding rate and 9.75, 5.67, 19.9, 44.26, 23.94, 43.41 mg/l for ingestion rates respectively. The results indicated the liquid detergents exerted high reduction in feeding and ingestion rates and the one with the ingredients of DE-ethanolamine (5%) and lauric acid (2%) influenced higher in reduction of feeding and ingestion rate. The effect of washing powder were greater to the feeding behaviour in comparison with washing machine powder, the shampoo observed with many limited effect on filtration and ingestion rates.

The toxic effects of herbicides (Machete, Saturn) and pesticides (Diazinon and Malathion) on green algae, Scenedesmus obtusiusculus, and cyanobacteria, Anabaena flos aquae, were studied. The results indicated that Machete and Saturn, in comparison to Diazinon and Malathion, were more toxic. On the other hand it was revealed that green algae was more sensitive to the pesticides than the cyanobacteria. When we added 3.199 mg/l machete (EC50 of this toxicant for Anabaena flos aquae) to a mix algal culture, the growth rate of green algae after 6 days of treatment was reduced 0.95 times, while it was 4.5 for the cyanobacteria. Treating the culture with 10.53 mg/l of Saturn for the same period of time revealed that the growth rate for green algae and the cyanobacteria increased 1.19 and 7 times, respectively. Hence, we can conclude that pesticides are capable of decreasing the diversity of the phytoplankton species in an aquatic ecosystem that from the fisheries point of view could cause serious problems.

The toxicity of the pesticides, malathion and diazinon, and the herbicides, Machete and Saturn, on mortality of fingerling of Rutilus frisii kutum were examined. Lc10 values for diazinon, Malathion, Machete and Saturn were 0.14 - 0.24, 0.10 - 0.35, 0.14 - 0.55, and 1.45 - 2.50 mg/L respectively. The result showed that diazinon, malathion and machete have a highly toxic effect on fingerling of R. frisii kutum and the herbicide, saturn, in comparison with other poisons was less toxic.

This study aimed to examine the impact of detergents on the mortality rate of Daphnia magna. For this purpose, we exposed one-day-old Daphnia magna for 24 hours to six nationwide consumed detergents, comprising of two dishwasher detergents, three washing-powders (one for hand wash and two for washing-machines) and one shampoo. The result of our study revealed that the dishwasher detergents had the greatest impact on the Daphnia magna mortality. One of these detergents containing 17% Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, 5% Deethanolamine and 2% Lauric acid Ethanolamid was the most lethal detergent in this study. The permissible concentration and the EC50 of this dishwasher detergent is 4.7 mg/1 and 7.5 mg/1, respectively. Studies in 1993 indicated that the concentration of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate in some part of Anzali Lagoon had been 8.9 mg/1, which is above the permissible level. Among the washing-powders, the washing-machine powders were the least lethal detergents for Daphnia magna (EC50 = 50.9), while the only tested shampoo was the least lethal (EC50 = 52) detergent for Daphnia magna correlation coefficient between logarithm of concentration of the detergents and the mortality rate of Daphnia magna were 79% - 99%.

Microcyclops sp. was exposed to selected detergents (two dishwasher detergents, one washing-powder, one washing-machine powder and one shampoo) for 24 hours. The results indicated the dishwasher powder had higher lethal effect on Microcyclops sp. than the other examined detergents, especially one containing 17% Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, 5% Di-Ethanolamine and 2% Lauric Acid. The permissible concentration and the LC50 for the dishwasher powder is 7.84 and 13.32 mg/l respectively. Among the powders the washing-machine powder appeared to be least lethal (LC50 = 43.87 mg/l) and the shampoo with LC50 of 47.27 mg/l had the lowest lethal effect on Microcyclops sp.. Correlation rate of the detergent concentration logarithm and the mortality of Microcyclops sp. ranged between 94-98%.