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Background values of U and Th from the Catskill formation correlate negatively with Si and positively with Al and other major elements. Background U correlates closely with Th. At Penn Haven Junction PA, there are similar uranium deposits localised around an iron-stained paleo-aquifer of conglomeratic sandstone. Uranium residuals from regressions against Al or Th are clearly anomalous for all samples studied. Results also suggest that readily extractable U would also show the palaeo-aquifer to be anomalous. Anomalies of this type should be useful in evaluation of drill holes, outcrops and radiometric data in prospective districts., Background values of U and Th from the Catskill formation correlate negatively with Si and positively with Al and other major elements. Background U correlates closely with Th. At Penn Haven Junction PA, there are similar uranium deposits localised around an iron-stained paleo-aquifer of conglomeratic sandstone. Uranium residuals from regressions against Al or Th are clearly anomalous for all samples studied. Results also suggest that readily extractable U would also show the palaeo-aquifer to be anomalous. Anomalies of this type should be useful in evaluation of drill holes, outcrops and radiometric data in prospective districts.

Soil sampling of 147 locations on a 1 km2 grid pattern in southern Austria and northern Slovenia allowed element distributions to be established and patterns related to mining and smelting to be separated from natural patterns. Distributions of 20 elements were considered. Three associations, P-Cl, Mg-Ca and Co-Fe-Al-Ti-V-Ni-Na-Cr-Rb-Si-Ga-K, were thought to be of natural origin while the fourth, Pb-Zn, showed strong influence of mining and metallurgy in organic soil horizons and of mineralogy in mineral soil horizons., Soil sampling of 147 locations on a 1 km2 grid pattern in southern Austria and northern Slovenia allowed element distributions to be established and patterns related to mining and smelting to be separated from natural patterns. Distributions of 20 elements were considered. Three associations, P-Cl, Mg-Ca and Co-Fe-Al-Ti-V-Ni-Na-Cr-Rb-Si-Ga-K, were thought to be of natural origin while the fourth, Pb-Zn, showed strong influence of mining and metallurgy in organic soil horizons and of mineralogy in mineral soil horizons.

Stream, recent floodplain and deep floodplain sediments were sampled around the Idrijca River in Slovenia, former Yugoslavia. Mercury has been mined in the area for over 500 years, with over 20 kg/d of mercury being emitted into the air from the smelter at the height of production. Mercury contents in sediments upstream from the town of Idrija were found to be around 2 mg/kg, and those downstream to the town of Spodnja Idrija were between 100 and 1 000 mg/kg. Downstream from Spodnja Idrija levels were from 5 to 300 mg/kg. Recent floodplain (or overbank) sediments were found to be enriched relative to the stream sediments downstream of Idrija. River floodplain sediments representing an accumulation of polluted sediments had Hg contents of 100 to 200 mg/kg. A large quantity of the polluted sediments is transported down river to the Adriatic Sea., Stream, recent floodplain and deep floodplain sediments were sampled around the Idrijca River in Slovenia, former Yugoslavia. Mercury has been mined in the area for over 500 years, with over 20 kg/d of mercury being emitted into the air from the smelter at the height of production. Mercury contents in sediments upstream from the town of Idrija were found to be around 2 mg/kg, and those downstream to the town of Spodnja Idrija were between 100 and 1 000 mg/kg. Downstream from Spodnja Idrija levels were from 5 to 300 mg/kg. Recent floodplain (or overbank) sediments were found to be enriched relative to the stream sediments downstream of Idrija. River floodplain sediments representing an accumulation of polluted sediments had Hg contents of 100 to 200 mg/kg. A large quantity of the polluted sediments is transported down river to the Adriatic Sea.

Surface drainage samples, the usual media employed in mapping national territories, cannot be used for the geochemical mapping of carbonate terrains because there is no regular surface-drainage pattern on karst. Suitable sampling media have been studied in Yugoslavia, one-third of which consists of karst terrain. Sampling designs for the work were based on analysis of variance techniques. During initial investigations of various sampling materials in NW Yugoslavia sediment and aquatic moss from karst springs, along with soil, were established as the most appropriate media. Modified sampling procedures were then carefully applied along the entire Yugoslav karst belt, which includes terrains of contrasting topography, climate, pedology and vegetation. The studies indicate that climate and relief do not systematically influence the geochemical composition of soil. Regional and local variability was assessed for 21 chemical elements and the feasibility of producing stable regional geochemical maps was determined for a number of elements on the basis of sampling aquatic moss and sediment from karst springs and soil., Surface drainage samples, the usual media employed in mapping national territories, cannot be used for the geochemical mapping of carbonate terrains because there is no regular surface-drainage pattern on karst. Suitable sampling media have been studied in Yugoslavia, one-third of which consists of karst terrain. Sampling designs for the work were based on analysis of variance techniques. During initial investigations of various sampling materials in NW Yugoslavia sediment and aquatic moss from karst springs, along with soil, were established as the most appropriate media. Modified sampling procedures were then carefully applied along the entire Yugoslav karst belt, which includes terrains of contrasting topography, climate, pedology and vegetation. The studies indicate that climate and relief do not systematically influence the geochemical composition of soil. Regional and local variability was assessed for 21 chemical elements and the feasibility of producing stable regional geochemical maps was determined for a number of elements on the basis of sampling aquatic moss and sediment from karst springs and soil.

The variability of 12 trace elements was estimated with the analysis of variance over various geographic distances. With the present 4 samples per sampling cell of about 300 sq km stable geochemical maps can be made for three elements (B, Pb and V) with moss samples, four (Cu, Ga, Ni and Pb) with sediment and two (Co and Cu) with soil samples. For stable maps of other investigated elements more samples per unit cell are needed., The variability of 12 trace elements was estimated with the analysis of variance over various geographic distances. With the present 4 samples per sampling cell of about 300 sq km stable geochemical maps can be made for three elements (B, Pb and V) with moss samples, four (Cu, Ga, Ni and Pb) with sediment and two (Co and Cu) with soil samples. For stable maps of other investigated elements more samples per unit cell are needed.

The procedure was developed for cleaning aquatic mosses from carbonate terrains. The contamination includes sediment particles, tufa incrustations and diatoms. It was also tested for aquatic mosses from clastic terrains. The process is rapid and results in uniformly low yields of ash., The procedure was developed for cleaning aquatic mosses from carbonate terrains. The contamination includes sediment particles, tufa incrustations and diatoms. It was also tested for aquatic mosses from clastic terrains. The process is rapid and results in uniformly low yields of ash.