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1. ModSec-Learn: Boosting ModSecurity with Machine Learning

Author

Scano, Christian, Floris, Giuseppe, Montaruli, Biagio, Demetrio, Luca, Valenza, Andrea, Compagna, Luca, Ariu, Davide, Piras, Luca, Balzarotti, Davide, and Biggio, Battista

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

ModSecurity is widely recognized as the standard open-source Web Application Firewall (WAF), maintained by the OWASP Foundation. It detects malicious requests by matching them against the Core Rule Set (CRS), identifying well-known attack patterns. Each rule is manually assigned a weight based on the severity of the corresponding attack, and a request is blocked if the sum of the weights of matched rules exceeds a given threshold. However, we argue that this strategy is largely ineffective against web attacks, as detection is only based on heuristics and not customized on the application to protect. In this work, we overcome this issue by proposing a machine-learning model that uses the CRS rules as input features. Through training, ModSec-Learn is able to tune the contribution of each CRS rule to predictions, thus adapting the severity level to the web applications to protect. Our experiments show that ModSec-Learn achieves a significantly better trade-off between detection and false positive rates. Finally, we analyze how sparse regularization can reduce the number of rules that are relevant at inference time, by discarding more than 30% of the CRS rules. We release our open-source code and the dataset at https://github.com/pralab/modsec-learn and https://github.com/pralab/http-traffic-dataset, respectively., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2308.04964

Published
2024

2. ModSec-AdvLearn: Countering Adversarial SQL Injections with Robust Machine Learning

Author

Montaruli, Biagio, Floris, Giuseppe, Scano, Christian, Demetrio, Luca, Valenza, Andrea, Compagna, Luca, Ariu, Davide, Piras, Luca, Balzarotti, Davide, and Biggio, Battista

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Many Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) leverage the OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS) to block incoming malicious requests. The CRS consists of different sets of rules designed by domain experts to detect well-known web attack patterns. Both the set of rules to be used and the weights used to combine them are manually defined, yielding four different default configurations of the CRS. In this work, we focus on the detection of SQL injection (SQLi) attacks, and show that the manual configurations of the CRS typically yield a suboptimal trade-off between detection and false alarm rates. Furthermore, we show that these configurations are not robust to adversarial SQLi attacks, i.e., carefully-crafted attacks that iteratively refine the malicious SQLi payload by querying the target WAF to bypass detection. To overcome these limitations, we propose (i) using machine learning to automate the selection of the set of rules to be combined along with their weights, i.e., customizing the CRS configuration based on the monitored web services; and (ii) leveraging adversarial training to significantly improve its robustness to adversarial SQLi manipulations. Our experiments, conducted using the well-known open-source ModSecurity WAF equipped with the CRS rules, show that our approach, named ModSec-AdvLearn, can (i) increase the detection rate up to 30%, while retaining negligible false alarm rates and discarding up to 50% of the CRS rules; and (ii) improve robustness against adversarial SQLi attacks up to 85%, marking a significant stride toward designing more effective and robust WAFs. We release our open-source code at https://github.com/pralab/modsec-advlearn.

Published
2023

3. FedREVAN: Real-time DEtection of Vulnerable Android Source Code Through Federated Neural Network with XAI

Author

Senanayake, Janaka, Kalutarage, Harsha, Petrovski, Andrei, Al-Kadri, Mhd Omar, Piras, Luca, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Katsikas, Sokratis, editor, Abie, Habtamu, editor, Ranise, Silvio, editor, Verderame, Luca, editor, Cambiaso, Enrico, editor, Ugarelli, Rita, editor, Praça, Isabel, editor, Li, Wenjuan, editor, Meng, Weizhi, editor, Furnell, Steven, editor, Katt, Basel, editor, Pirbhulal, Sandeep, editor, Shukla, Ankur, editor, Ianni, Michele, editor, Dalla Preda, Mila, editor, Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond, editor, Pupo Correia, Miguel, editor, Abhishta, Abhishta, editor, Sileno, Giovanni, editor, Alishahi, Mina, editor, Kalutarage, Harsha, editor, and Yanai, Naoto, editor

Published
2024
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7. Android Code Vulnerabilities Early Detection Using AI-Powered ACVED Plugin

Author

Senanayake, Janaka, Kalutarage, Harsha, Al-Kadri, Mhd Omar, Petrovski, Andrei, Piras, Luca, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Atluri, Vijayalakshmi, editor, and Ferrara, Anna Lisa, editor

Published
2023
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10. A Framework for Privacy and Security Requirements Analysis and Conflict Resolution for Supporting GDPR Compliance Through Privacy-by-Design

Author

Alkubaisy, Duaa, Piras, Luca, Al-Obeidallah, Mohammed Ghazi, Cox, Karl, Mouratidis, Haralambos, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Ali, Raian, editor, Kaindl, Hermann, editor, and Maciaszek, Leszek A., editor

Published
2022
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12. DeltaPhish: Detecting Phishing Webpages in Compromised Websites

Author

Corona, Igino, Biggio, Battista, Contini, Matteo, Piras, Luca, Corda, Roberto, Mereu, Mauro, Mureddu, Guido, Ariu, Davide, and Roli, Fabio

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

The large-scale deployment of modern phishing attacks relies on the automatic exploitation of vulnerable websites in the wild, to maximize profit while hindering attack traceability, detection and blacklisting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that specifically leverages this adversarial behavior for detection purposes. We show that phishing webpages can be accurately detected by highlighting HTML code and visual differences with respect to other (legitimate) pages hosted within a compromised website. Our system, named DeltaPhish, can be installed as part of a web application firewall, to detect the presence of anomalous content on a website after compromise, and eventually prevent access to it. DeltaPhish is also robust against adversarial attempts in which the HTML code of the phishing page is carefully manipulated to evade detection. We empirically evaluate it on more than 5,500 webpages collected in the wild from compromised websites, showing that it is capable of detecting more than 99% of phishing webpages, while only misclassifying less than 1% of legitimate pages. We further show that the detection rate remains higher than 70% even under very sophisticated attacks carefully designed to evade our system., Comment: Preprint version of the work accepted at ESORICS 2017

Published
2017

14. Dynamic Industry-Specific Lexicon Generation for Stock Market Forecast

Author

Carta, Salvatore, Consoli, Sergio, Piras, Luca, Podda, Alessandro Sebastian, Reforgiato Recupero, Diego, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Nicosia, Giuseppe, editor, Ojha, Varun, editor, La Malfa, Emanuele, editor, Jansen, Giorgio, editor, Sciacca, Vincenzo, editor, Pardalos, Panos, editor, Giuffrida, Giovanni, editor, and Umeton, Renato, editor

Published
2020
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15. DEFeND DSM: A Data Scope Management Service for Model-Based Privacy by Design GDPR Compliance

Author

Piras, Luca, Al-Obeidallah, Mohammed Ghazi, Pavlidis, Michalis, Mouratidis, Haralambos, Tsohou, Aggeliki, Magkos, Emmanouil, Praitano, Andrea, Iodice, Annarita, Crespo, Beatriz Gallego-Nicasio, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Gritzalis, Stefanos, editor, Weippl, Edgar R., editor, Kotsis, Gabriele, editor, Tjoa, A Min, editor, and Khalil, Ismail, editor

Published
2020
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16. Overview of the ImageCLEF 2020: Multimedia Retrieval in Medical, Lifelogging, Nature, and Internet Applications

Author

Ionescu, Bogdan, Müller, Henning, Péteri, Renaud, Abacha, Asma Ben, Datla, Vivek, Hasan, Sadid A., Demner-Fushman, Dina, Kozlovski, Serge, Liauchuk, Vitali, Cid, Yashin Dicente, Kovalev, Vassili, Pelka, Obioma, Friedrich, Christoph M., García Seco de Herrera, Alba, Ninh, Van-Tu, Le, Tu-Khiem, Zhou, Liting, Piras, Luca, Riegler, Michael, Halvorsen, Pål, Tran, Minh-Triet, Lux, Mathias, Gurrin, Cathal, Dang-Nguyen, Duc-Tien, Chamberlain, Jon, Clark, Adrian, Campello, Antonio, Fichou, Dimitri, Berari, Raul, Brie, Paul, Dogariu, Mihai, Ştefan, Liviu Daniel, Constantin, Mihai Gabriel, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Arampatzis, Avi, editor, Kanoulas, Evangelos, editor, Tsikrika, Theodora, editor, Vrochidis, Stefanos, editor, Joho, Hideo, editor, Lioma, Christina, editor, Eickhoff, Carsten, editor, Névéol, Aurélie, editor, Cappellato, Linda, editor, and Ferro, Nicola, editor

Published
2020
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17. ImageCLEF 2020: Multimedia Retrieval in Lifelogging, Medical, Nature, and Internet Applications

Author

Ionescu, Bogdan, Müller, Henning, Péteri, Renaud, Dang-Nguyen, Duc-Tien, Zhou, Liting, Piras, Luca, Riegler, Michael, Halvorsen, Pål, Tran, Minh-Triet, Lux, Mathias, Gurrin, Cathal, Chamberlain, Jon, Clark, Adrian, Campello, Antonio, Seco de Herrera, Alba G., Ben Abacha, Asma, Datla, Vivek, Hasan, Sadid A., Liu, Joey, Demner-Fushman, Dina, Pelka, Obioma, Friedrich, Christoph M., Dicente Cid, Yashin, Kozlovski, Serge, Liauchuk, Vitali, Kovalev, Vassili, Berari, Raul, Brie, Paul, Fichou, Dimitri, Dogariu, Mihai, Stefan, Liviu Daniel, Constantin, Mihai Gabriel, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Jose, Joemon M., editor, Yilmaz, Emine, editor, Magalhães, João, editor, Castells, Pablo, editor, Ferro, Nicola, editor, Silva, Mário J., editor, and Martins, Flávio, editor

Published
2020
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18. Privacy, Security, Legal and Technology Acceptance Requirements for a GDPR Compliance Platform

Author

Tsohou, Aggeliki, Magkos, Manos, Mouratidis, Haralambos, Chrysoloras, George, Piras, Luca, Pavlidis, Michalis, Debussche, Julien, Rotoloni, Marco, Crespo, Beatriz Gallego-Nicasio, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Katsikas, Sokratis, editor, Cuppens, Frédéric, editor, Cuppens, Nora, editor, Lambrinoudakis, Costas, editor, Kalloniatis, Christos, editor, Mylopoulos, John, editor, Antón, Annie, editor, Gritzalis, Stefanos, editor, Pallas, Frank, editor, Pohle, Jörg, editor, Sasse, Angela, editor, Meng, Weizhi, editor, Furnell, Steven, editor, and Garcia-Alfaro, Joaquin, editor

Published
2020
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21. Image Retrieval Evaluation in Specific Domains

Author

Piras, Luca, Caputo, Barbara, Dang-Nguyen, Duc-Tien, Riegler, Michael, Halvorsen, Pål, Zhai, ChengXiang, Series Editor, de Rijke, Maarten, Series Editor, Belkin, Nicholas J., Editorial Board Member, Clarke, Charles, Editorial Board Member, Kelly, Diane, Editorial Board Member, Sebastiani, Fabrizio, Editorial Board Member, Ferro, Nicola, editor, and Peters, Carol, editor

Published
2019
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22. ImageCLEF 2019: Multimedia Retrieval in Medicine, Lifelogging, Security and Nature

Author

Ionescu, Bogdan, Müller, Henning, Péteri, Renaud, Cid, Yashin Dicente, Liauchuk, Vitali, Kovalev, Vassili, Klimuk, Dzmitri, Tarasau, Aleh, Abacha, Asma Ben, Hasan, Sadid A., Datla, Vivek, Liu, Joey, Demner-Fushman, Dina, Dang-Nguyen, Duc-Tien, Piras, Luca, Riegler, Michael, Tran, Minh-Triet, Lux, Mathias, Gurrin, Cathal, Pelka, Obioma, Friedrich, Christoph M., Garcìa Seco de Herrera, Alba, Garcia, Narciso, Kavallieratou, Ergina, del Blanco, Carlos Roberto, Cuevas, Carlos, Vasillopoulos, Nikos, Karampidis, Konstantinos, Chamberlain, Jon, Clark, Adrian, Campello, Antonio, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Crestani, Fabio, editor, Braschler, Martin, editor, Savoy, Jacques, editor, Rauber, Andreas, editor, Müller, Henning, editor, Losada, David E., editor, Heinatz Bürki, Gundula, editor, Cappellato, Linda, editor, and Ferro, Nicola, editor

Published
2019
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23. DEFeND Architecture: A Privacy by Design Platform for GDPR Compliance

Author

Piras, Luca, Al-Obeidallah, Mohammed Ghazi, Praitano, Andrea, Tsohou, Aggeliki, Mouratidis, Haralambos, Gallego-Nicasio Crespo, Beatriz, Bernard, Jean Baptiste, Fiorani, Marco, Magkos, Emmanouil, Sanz, Andrès Castillo, Pavlidis, Michalis, D’Addario, Roberto, Zorzino, Giuseppe Giovanni, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Gritzalis, Stefanos, editor, Weippl, Edgar R., editor, Katsikas, Sokratis K., editor, Anderst-Kotsis, Gabriele, editor, Tjoa, A Min, editor, and Khalil, Ismail, editor

Published
2019
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24. ImageCLEF 2019: Multimedia Retrieval in Lifelogging, Medical, Nature, and Security Applications

Author

Ionescu, Bogdan, Müller, Henning, Péteri, Renaud, Dang-Nguyen, Duc-Tien, Piras, Luca, Riegler, Michael, Tran, Minh-Triet, Lux, Mathias, Gurrin, Cathal, Cid, Yashin Dicente, Liauchuk, Vitali, Kovalev, Vassili, Ben Abacha, Asma, Hasan, Sadid A., Datla, Vivek, Liu, Joey, Demner-Fushman, Dina, Pelka, Obioma, Friedrich, Christoph M., Chamberlain, Jon, Clark, Adrian, de Herrera, Alba García Seco, Garcia, Narciso, Kavallieratou, Ergina, del Blanco, Carlos Roberto, Rodríguez, Carlos Cuevas, Vasillopoulos, Nikos, Karampidis, Konstantinos, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Azzopardi, Leif, editor, Stein, Benno, editor, Fuhr, Norbert, editor, Mayr, Philipp, editor, Hauff, Claudia, editor, and Hiemstra, Djoerd, editor

Published
2019
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25. Overview of ImageCLEF 2018: Challenges, Datasets and Evaluation

Author

Ionescu, Bogdan, Müller, Henning, Villegas, Mauricio, García Seco de Herrera, Alba, Eickhoff, Carsten, Andrearczyk, Vincent, Dicente Cid, Yashin, Liauchuk, Vitali, Kovalev, Vassili, Hasan, Sadid A., Ling, Yuan, Farri, Oladimeji, Liu, Joey, Lungren, Matthew, Dang-Nguyen, Duc-Tien, Piras, Luca, Riegler, Michael, Zhou, Liting, Lux, Mathias, Gurrin, Cathal, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Bellot, Patrice, editor, Trabelsi, Chiraz, editor, Mothe, Josiane, editor, Murtagh, Fionn, editor, Nie, Jian Yun, editor, Soulier, Laure, editor, SanJuan, Eric, editor, Cappellato, Linda, editor, and Ferro, Nicola, editor

Published
2018
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26. Ten Years of Relevance Score for Content Based Image Retrieval

Author

Putzu, Lorenzo, Piras, Luca, Giacinto, Giorgio, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, and Perner, Petra, editor

Published
2018
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27. Employing Document Embeddings to Solve the 'New Catalog' Problem in User Targeting, and Provide Explanations to the Users

Author

Boratto, Ludovico, Carta, Salvatore, Fenu, Gianni, Piras, Luca, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Pasi, Gabriella, editor, Piwowarski, Benjamin, editor, Azzopardi, Leif, editor, and Hanbury, Allan, editor

Published
2018
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29. Patient’s Empowerment and Behaviour Change: Complementary Approaches in EU Projects PALANTE and PEGASO

Author

Guarneri, Maria Renata, Brocca, Marco Decandia, Piras, Luca, Akan, Ozgur, Series editor, Bellavista, Paolo, Series editor, Cao, Jiannong, Series editor, Coulson, Geoffrey, Series editor, Dressler, Falko, Series editor, Ferrari, Domenico, Series editor, Gerla, Mario, Series editor, Kobayashi, Hisashi, Series editor, Palazzo, Sergio, Series editor, Sahni, Sartaj, Series editor, Shen, Xuemin Sherman, Series editor, Stan, Mircea, Series editor, Xiaohua, Jia, Series editor, Zomaya, Albert Y., Series editor, Giokas, Kostas, editor, Bokor, Laszlo, editor, and Hopfgartner, Frank, editor

Published
2017
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30. Deepsquatting: Learning-Based Typosquatting Detection at Deeper Domain Levels

Author

Piredda, Paolo, Ariu, Davide, Biggio, Battista, Corona, Igino, Piras, Luca, Giacinto, Giorgio, Roli, Fabio, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Esposito, Floriana, editor, Basili, Roberto, editor, Ferilli, Stefano, editor, and Lisi, Francesca A., editor

Published
2017
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31. Goal Models for Acceptance Requirements Analysis and Gamification Design

Author

Piras, Luca, Paja, Elda, Giorgini, Paolo, Mylopoulos, John, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Mayr, Heinrich C., editor, Guizzardi, Giancarlo, editor, Ma, Hui, editor, and Pastor, Oscar, editor

Published
2017
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32. Overview of ImageCLEF 2017: Information Extraction from Images

Author

Ionescu, Bogdan, Müller, Henning, Villegas, Mauricio, Arenas, Helbert, Boato, Giulia, Dang-Nguyen, Duc-Tien, Dicente Cid, Yashin, Eickhoff, Carsten, Seco de Herrera, Alba G., Gurrin, Cathal, Islam, Bayzidul, Kovalev, Vassili, Liauchuk, Vitali, Mothe, Josiane, Piras, Luca, Riegler, Michael, Schwall, Immanuel, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Jones, Gareth J.F., editor, Lawless, Séamus, editor, Gonzalo, Julio, editor, Kelly, Liadh, editor, Goeuriot, Lorraine, editor, Mandl, Thomas, editor, Cappellato, Linda, editor, and Ferro, Nicola, editor

Published
2017
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37. General Overview of ImageCLEF at the CLEF 2016 Labs

Author

Villegas, Mauricio, Müller, Henning, García Seco de Herrera, Alba, Schaer, Roger, Bromuri, Stefano, Gilbert, Andrew, Piras, Luca, Wang, Josiah, Yan, Fei, Ramisa, Arnau, Dellandrea, Emmanuel, Gaizauskas, Robert, Mikolajczyk, Krystian, Puigcerver, Joan, Toselli, Alejandro H., Sánchez, Joan-Andreu, Vidal, Enrique, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Fuhr, Norbert, editor, Quaresma, Paulo, editor, Gonçalves, Teresa, editor, Larsen, Birger, editor, Balog, Krisztian, editor, Macdonald, Craig, editor, Cappellato, Linda, editor, and Ferro, Nicola, editor

Published
2016
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38. General Overview of ImageCLEF at the CLEF 2015 Labs

Author

Villegas, Mauricio, Müller, Henning, Gilbert, Andrew, Piras, Luca, Wang, Josiah, Mikolajczyk, Krystian, de Herrera, Alba G. Seco, Bromuri, Stefano, Amin, M. Ashraful, Mohammed, Mahmood Kazi, Acar, Burak, Uskudarli, Suzan, Marvasti, Neda B., Aldana, José F., del Mar Roldán García, María, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Mothe, Josanne, editor, Savoy, Jacques, editor, Kamps, Jaap, editor, Pinel-Sauvagnat, Karen, editor, Jones, Gareth, editor, San Juan, Eric, editor, Capellato, Linda, editor, and Ferro, Nicola, editor

Published
2015
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39. Fast Image Classification with Reduced Multiclass Support Vector Machines

Author

Melis, Marco, Piras, Luca, Biggio, Battista, Giacinto, Giorgio, Fumera, Giorgio, Roli, Fabio, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Murino, Vittorio, editor, and Puppo, Enrico, editor

Published
2015
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41. DEFeND Architecture: A Privacy by Design Platform for GDPR Compliance

Author

Piras, Luca, primary, Al-Obeidallah, Mohammed Ghazi, additional, Praitano, Andrea, additional, Tsohou, Aggeliki, additional, Mouratidis, Haralambos, additional, Gallego-Nicasio Crespo, Beatriz, additional, Bernard, Jean Baptiste, additional, Fiorani, Marco, additional, Magkos, Emmanouil, additional, Sanz, Andrès Castillo, additional, Pavlidis, Michalis, additional, D’Addario, Roberto, additional, and Zorzino, Giuseppe Giovanni, additional

Published
2019
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42. Adversarial ModSecurity: Countering Adversarial SQL Injections with Robust Machine Learning

Author

Montaruli, Biagio, Demetrio, Luca, Valenza, Andrea, Compagna, Luca, Ariu, Davide, Piras, Luca, Balzarotti, Davide, Biggio, Battista, Montaruli, Biagio, Demetrio, Luca, Valenza, Andrea, Compagna, Luca, Ariu, Davide, Piras, Luca, Balzarotti, Davide, and Biggio, Battista

Abstract

ModSecurity is widely recognized as the standard open-source Web Application Firewall (WAF), maintained by the OWASP Foundation. It detects malicious requests by matching them against the Core Rule Set, identifying well-known attack patterns. Each rule in the CRS is manually assigned a weight, based on the severity of the corresponding attack, and a request is detected as malicious if the sum of the weights of the firing rules exceeds a given threshold. In this work, we show that this simple strategy is largely ineffective for detecting SQL injection (SQLi) attacks, as it tends to block many legitimate requests, while also being vulnerable to adversarial SQLi attacks, i.e., attacks intentionally manipulated to evade detection. To overcome these issues, we design a robust machine learning model, named AdvModSec, which uses the CRS rules as input features, and it is trained to detect adversarial SQLi attacks. Our experiments show that AdvModSec, being trained on the traffic directed towards the protected web services, achieves a better trade-off between detection and false positive rates, improving the detection rate of the vanilla version of ModSecurity with CRS by 21%. Moreover, our approach is able to improve its adversarial robustness against adversarial SQLi attacks by 42%, thereby taking a step forward towards building more robust and trustworthy WAFs.

Published
2023

43. Open Issues on Codebook Generation in Image Classification Tasks

Author

Piras, Luca, Giacinto, Giorgio, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Kobsa, Alfred, editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, and Perner, Petra, editor

Published
2014
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45. Diversity in Ensembles of Codebooks for Visual Concept Detection

Author

Piras, Luca, Tronci, Roberto, Giacinto, Giorgio, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Petrosino, Alfredo, editor

Published
2013
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46. Enhancing Image Retrieval by an Exploration-Exploitation Approach

Author

Piras, Luca, Giacinto, Giorgio, Paredes, Roberto, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, and Perner, Petra, editor

Published
2012
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47. Dissimilarity Representation in Multi-feature Spaces for Image Retrieval

Author

Piras, Luca, Giacinto, Giorgio, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Maino, Giuseppe, editor, and Foresti, Gian Luca, editor

Published
2011
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