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1. Refining the Uluzzian through a new lithic assemblage from Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone, southern Italy)

Author

Collina, Carmine, Marciani, Giulia, Martini, Ivan, Donadio, Carlo, Repola, Leopoldo, Bortolini, Eugenio, Arrighi, Simona, Badino, Federica, Figus, Carla, Lugli, Federico, Oxilia, Gregorio, Romandini, Matteo, Silvestrini, Sara, Piperno, Marcello, and Benazzi, Stefano

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Roccia San Sebastiano is a tectonic-karstic cave located at the foot of the southern slope of Mt. Massico, in the territory of Mondragone (Caserta) in Campania (southern Italy). Systematic excavation has been carried out since 2001, leading to the partial exploration of an important Pleistocene deposit, extraordinarily rich in lithic and faunal remains. The aim of this paper is to (1) present the stratigraphic sequence of Roccia San Sebastiano, and (2) technologically describe the lithic materials of squares F14 t18, t19, t20; E16 t16, t17, t18 recently recognised as Uluzzian. The stratigraphic sequence is more than 3 metres thick and dates from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic. It contains different techno-complexes: Gravettian, Aurignacian, Uluzzian and Mousterian. In the Uluzzian lithic assemblage mostly local pebbles of chert were used in order to produce small-sized objects. The concept of debitage mainly deals with unidirectional debitage with absent or fairly accurate management of the convexities and angles; the striking platforms are usually natural or made by one stroke. It is attested the use of both direct freehand percussion and bipolar technique on anvil in the same reduction sequence. Amongst the retouched tools the presence of two lunates is of note. This study of the Roccia San Sebastiano Uluzzian lithic complexes is significant for understanding the dynamics of the transition from Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in the Tyrrhenian margin of southern Italy.

Published
2020
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3. A taphonomic and spatial distribution study of the new levels of the middle Pleistocene site of Notarchirico (670–695 ka, Venosa, Basilicata, Italy)

Author

Moncel, Marie-Hélène, Lemorini, Cristina, Eramo, Giacomo, Fioretti, Giovanna, Daujeard, Camille, Curci, Antonio, Berto, Claudio, Hardy, Bruce, Pineda, Antonio, Rineau, Valentin, Carpentieri, Marco, Sala, Benedetto, Arzarello, Marta, Mecozzi, Beniamino, Iannucci, Alessio, Sardella, Rafaelle, and Piperno, Marcello

Published
2023
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4. Genomic and dietary discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Sicily

Author

Yu, He, van de Loosdrecht, Marieke S., Mannino, Marcello A., Talamo, Sahra, Rohrlach, Adam B., Childebayeva, Ainash, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Aron, Franziska, Brandt, Guido, Burri, Marta, Freund, Cäcilia, Radzeviciute, Rita, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, Fewlass, Helen, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Piperno, Marcello, Tusa, Sebastiano, Collina, Carmine, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Di Salvo, Rosaria, Prüfer, Kay, Posth, Cosimo, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Gronenborn, Detlef, Binder, Didier, Jeong, Choongwon, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Published
2022
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6. Update and synthesis of the available archaeological and geochronological data for the Lower Paleolithic site of Loreto at Venosa (Basilicata, Italy).

Author

Pereira, Alison, Moncel, Marie-Hélène, Nomade, Sébastien, Voinchet, Pierre, Shao, Qingfeng, Falguères, Christophe, Lefèvre, David, Raynal, Jean Paul, Scao, Vincent, Piperno, Marcello, Simone, Suzanne, and Bahain, Jean Jacques

Subjects
PALEOLITHIC Period, ACHEULIAN culture, ARCHAEOLOGICAL museums & collections, ARGON-argon dating, GEOLOGICAL modeling
Abstract

In the Basilicata region, located in southern Italy and known for hosting among the first occurrences of the Acheulean culture in southwestern Europe, the Lower Paleolithic site of Loreto at Venosa is located less than a kilometer from the emblematic site of Notarchirico and less than 25 km from Cimitero di Atella. The Loreto site has not been studied as thoroughly as the two other sites and, although geological investigations have been carried out in the Venosa basin, no direct numerical dating has ever been published for the three archaeological levels brought to light during the excavation campaigns. We present a multi-method geochronological approach combining ESR/U-series, ESR, and 40Ar/39Ar permitting to refine the age of the most ancient archaeological level (A) of the Loreto site. These data allow us to propose an MIS 13 age for this level, in accordance with previous hypotheses based on geological and paleontological data. We also propose a technical review of the lithic tools preserved in the collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Venosa to integrate Loreto in the evolution scheme of the European Acheulean techno-complex emergence and diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. The origin of early Acheulean expansion in Europe 700 ka ago: new findings at Notarchirico (Italy)

Author

Moncel, Marie-Hélène, Santagata, Carmen, Pereira, Alison, Nomade, Sébastien, Voinchet, Pierre, Bahain, Jean-Jacques, Daujeard, Camille, Curci, Antonio, Lemorini, Cristina, Hardy, Bruce, Eramo, Giacomo, Berto, Claudio, Raynal, Jean-Paul, Arzarello, Marta, Mecozzi, Beniamino, Iannucci, Alessio, Sardella, Raffaele, Allegretta, Ignazio, Delluniversità, Emanuela, Terzano, Roberto, Dugas, Pauline, Jouanic, Gwenolé, Queffelec, Alain, d’Andrea, Andrea, Valentini, Rosario, Minucci, Eleonora, Carpentiero, Laura, and Piperno, Marcello

Published
2020
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9. Integrating ZooMS and zooarchaeology: New data from the Uluzzian levels of Uluzzo C Rock Shelter, Roccia San Sebastiano cave and Riparo del Broion

Author

Silvestrini, Sara, primary, Lugli, Federico, additional, Romandini, Matteo, additional, Real, Cristina, additional, Sommella, Eduardo, additional, Salviati, Emanuela, additional, Arrighi, Simona, additional, Bortolini, Eugenio, additional, Figus, Carla, additional, Higgins, Owen Alexander, additional, Marciani, Giulia, additional, Oxilia, Gregorio, additional, Delpiano, Davide, additional, Vazzana, Antonino, additional, Piperno, Marcello, additional, Crescenzi, Carlo, additional, Campiglia, Pietro, additional, Collina, Carmine, additional, Peresani, Marco, additional, Spinapolice, Enza Elena, additional, and Benazzi, Stefano, additional

Published
2022
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11. High-accuracy methodology for the integrative restoration of archaeological teeth by using reverse engineering techniques and rapid prototyping

Author

Vazzana, Antonino, primary, Higgins, Owen Alexander, additional, Oxilia, Gregorio, additional, Lugli, Federico, additional, Silvestrini, Sara, additional, Nava, Alessia, additional, Bondioli, Luca, additional, Bortolini, Eugenio, additional, Di Domenico, Giovanni, additional, Bernardini, Federico, additional, Tuniz, Claudio, additional, Mancini, Lucia, additional, Bettuzzi, Matteo, additional, Morigi, Maria Pia, additional, Piperno, Marcello, additional, Collina, Carmine, additional, Romandini, Matteo, additional, and Benazzi, Stefano, additional

Published
2022
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12. Direct evidence that late Neanderthal occupation precedes a technological shift in southwestern Italy

Author

Oxilia, Gregorio, primary, Bortolini, Eugenio, additional, Marciani, Giulia, additional, Menghi Sartorio, Jessica Cristina, additional, Vazzana, Antonino, additional, Bettuzzi, Matteo, additional, Panetta, Daniele, additional, Arrighi, Simona, additional, Badino, Federica, additional, Figus, Carla, additional, Lugli, Federico, additional, Romandini, Matteo, additional, Silvestrini, Sara, additional, Sorrentino, Rita, additional, Moroni, Adriana, additional, Donadio, Carlo, additional, Morigi, Maria Pia, additional, Slon, Viviane, additional, Piperno, Marcello, additional, Talamo, Sahra, additional, Collina, Carmine, additional, and Benazzi, Stefano, additional

Published
2022
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13. Genomic and dietary discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Sicily

Author

Max Planck Society, European Research Council, Yu, He, Van de Loosdrech, Marieke S., Mannino, Marcello A., Talamo, Sahra, Rohrlach, Adam B., Childebayeva, Ainash, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Aron, Franziska, Brandt, Guido, Burri, Marta, Freund, Caecilia, Radzeviciute, Rita, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, Fewlass, Helen, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Piperno, Marcello, Tusa, Sebastiano, Collina, Carmine, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Di Salvo, Rosaria, Prüfer, Kay, Posth, Cosimo, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Gronenborn, Detlef, Binder, Didier, Jeong, Choongwon, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Max Planck Society, European Research Council, Yu, He, Van de Loosdrech, Marieke S., Mannino, Marcello A., Talamo, Sahra, Rohrlach, Adam B., Childebayeva, Ainash, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Aron, Franziska, Brandt, Guido, Burri, Marta, Freund, Caecilia, Radzeviciute, Rita, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, Fewlass, Helen, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Piperno, Marcello, Tusa, Sebastiano, Collina, Carmine, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Di Salvo, Rosaria, Prüfer, Kay, Posth, Cosimo, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Gronenborn, Detlef, Binder, Didier, Jeong, Choongwon, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Abstract

Sicily is a key region for understanding the agricultural transition in the Mediterranean because of its central position. Here, we present genomic and stable isotopic data for 19 prehistoric Sicilians covering the Mesolithic to Bronze Age periods (10,700-4,100 yBP). We find that Early Mesolithic hunter-gatherers (HGs) from Sicily are a highly drifted lineage of the Early Holocene western European HGs, whereas Late Mesolithic HGs carry ∼20% ancestry related to northern and (south) eastern European HGs, indicating substantial gene flow. Early Neolithic farmers are genetically most similar to farmers from the Balkans and Greece, with only ∼7% of ancestry from local Mesolithic HGs. The genetic discontinuities during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic match the changes in material culture and diet. Three outlying individuals dated to ∼8,000 yBP; however, suggest that hunter-gatherers interacted with incoming farmers at Grotta dell'Uzzo, resulting in a mixed economy and diet for a brief interlude at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition.

Published
2022

14. Direct evidence that late Neanderthal occupation precedes a technological shift in southwestern Italy

Author

Comune di Mondragone, Museo Civico Archeologico Biagio Greco, Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Caserta e Benevento, European Research Council, Max Planck Society, Università di Bologna, Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Salerno e Avellino, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Marciani, Giulia, Menghi Sartorio, Jessica Cristina, Vazzana, Antonino, Bettuzzi, Matteo, Panetta, Daniele, Arrighi, Simona, Badino, Federica, Figus, Carla, Lugli, Federico, Romandini, Matteo, Silvestrini, Sara, Sorrentino, Rita, Moroni, Adriana, Donadio, Carlo, Morigi, Maria Pia, Slon, Viviane, Piperno, Marcello, Talamo, Sahra, Collina, Carmine, Benazzi, Stefano, Comune di Mondragone, Museo Civico Archeologico Biagio Greco, Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Caserta e Benevento, European Research Council, Max Planck Society, Università di Bologna, Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Salerno e Avellino, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Marciani, Giulia, Menghi Sartorio, Jessica Cristina, Vazzana, Antonino, Bettuzzi, Matteo, Panetta, Daniele, Arrighi, Simona, Badino, Federica, Figus, Carla, Lugli, Federico, Romandini, Matteo, Silvestrini, Sara, Sorrentino, Rita, Moroni, Adriana, Donadio, Carlo, Morigi, Maria Pia, Slon, Viviane, Piperno, Marcello, Talamo, Sahra, Collina, Carmine, and Benazzi, Stefano

Abstract

[Objectives] During the middle-to-upper Paleolithic transition (50,000 and 40,000¿years ago), interaction between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens varied across Europe. In southern Italy, the association between Homo sapiens fossils and non-Mousterian material culture, as well as the mode and tempo of Neanderthal demise, are still vividly debated. In this research, we focus on the study of two human teeth by using 3D geometric morphometric approaches for a reliable taxonomical attribution as well as obtaining new radiometric dates on the archeological sequence., [Material and Methods] This work presents two lower deciduous molars uncovered at Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone-Caserta, Italy), stratigraphically associated with Mousterian (RSS1) and Uluzzian (RSS2) artifacts. To obtain a probabilistic attribution of the two RSS teeth to each reference taxa group composed of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, we performed and compared the performance of three supervised learning algorithms (flexible discriminant analysis, multiadaptive regression splines, and random forest) on both crown and cervical outlines obtained by virtual morphometric methods. [Discussion] This site yields the most recent direct evidence for a Neanderthal presence in southern Italy and confirms a later shift to upper Paleolithic technology in southwestern Italy compared to the earliest Uluzzian evidence at Grotta del Cavallo (Puglia, Italy).

Published
2022

15. High-accuracy methodology for the integrative restoration of archaeological teeth by using reverse engineering techniques and rapid prototyping

Author

European Research Council, Vazzana, Antonino, Higgins, Owen Alexander, Oxilia, Gregorio, Lugli, Federico, Silvestrini, Sara, Nava, Alessia, Bondioli, Luca, Bortolini, Eugenio, Di Domenico, Giovanni, Bernardini, Federico, Tuniz, Claudio, Mancini, Lucia, Bettuzzi, Matteo, Morigi, Maria Pia, Piperno, Marcello, Collina, Carmine, Romandini, Matteo, Benazzi, Stefano, European Research Council, Vazzana, Antonino, Higgins, Owen Alexander, Oxilia, Gregorio, Lugli, Federico, Silvestrini, Sara, Nava, Alessia, Bondioli, Luca, Bortolini, Eugenio, Di Domenico, Giovanni, Bernardini, Federico, Tuniz, Claudio, Mancini, Lucia, Bettuzzi, Matteo, Morigi, Maria Pia, Piperno, Marcello, Collina, Carmine, Romandini, Matteo, and Benazzi, Stefano

Abstract

The reconstruction of the original morphology of bones and teeth after sampling for physicochemical (e.g., radiocarbon and uranium series dating, stable isotope analysis, paleohistology, trace element analysis) and biomolecular analyses (e.g., ancient DNA, paleoproteomics) is appropriate in many contexts and compulsory when dealing with fossil human remains. The reconstruction protocols available to date are mostly based on manual re-integration of removed portions and can lead to an imprecise recovery of the original morphology. In this work, to restore the original external morphology of sampled teeth we used computed microtomography (microCT), reverse engineering (RE), computer-aided design (CAD) and rapid prototyping (RP) techniques to fabricate customized missing parts. The protocol was tested by performing the reconstruction of two Upper Palaeolithic human teeth from the archaeological excavations of Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone, Caserta, southern Italy) and Riparo I of Grotte Verdi di Pradis (Clauzetto, Pordenone, north-eastern Italy) (RSS2 and Pradis 1, respectively), which were sampled for physicochemical and biomolecular analyses. It involved a composite procedure consisting in: a) the microCT scanning of the original specimens; b) sampling; c) the microCT scanning of the specimens after sampling; d) the reconstruction of the digital 3D surfaces of the specimens before and after sampling; e) the creation of digital models of the missing/sampled portions by subtracting the 3D images of the preserved portions (after the sampling) from the images of the intact specimens (before the sampling) by using reverse engineering techniques; f) the prototyping of the missing/sampled portions to be integrated; g) the painting and application of the prototypes through the use of compatible and reversible adhesives. By following the proposed protocol, in addition to the fabrication of a physical element which is faithful to the original, it was possible to obtain a r

Published
2022

19. Survey of Excavations in Iran 1971-72

Author

Kleiss, Wolfram, Delougaz, P. P., Kantor, Helene J., Bivar, A. D. H., Fehérvári, G., Dyson,, Robert H., Kromer, Karl, Sumner, W. M., Hakemi, Ali, Piperno, Marcello, Tosi, Maurizio, Whitehouse, David, Nissen, Hans J., and Berghe, L. Vanden

Published
1973
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21. La Grotta paleolitica di Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone, CE). Una metodologia per l’analisi dei dati in spazi simbolici

Author

Repola, Leopoldo, Collina, Carmine, Piperno, Marcello, Repola, L., Collina, C., and Piperno, M.

Subjects
Survey and excavations, Virtual Reality and 3D Modelling
Abstract

The Prehistory of the Mondragone area, in the province of Caserta, emerged in its importance thanks to the results of systematic surveys carried out since 1994 by the University of Naples “Federico II” and the Museum Biagio Greco together with the Archeological Superintendence of Naples and Caserta. Since 2001, the Museum has accomplished regular excavation campaigns of the very important Upper and Middle Palaeolithic deposit in the large cave opening in the site of Roccia di San Sebastiano, which represents the only evidence of Palaeolithic frequentation systematically and stratigraphically studied in the territory included between the Northern Campania coast and the Southern Latium coast. On the basis of such evidences, the authors illustrate a project aimed to produce a detailed territorial study to understand the dynamics of the frequentation and settlement of the area during Palaeolithic (Musterian, Uluzzian, Aurignazian and Gravettian) and the cultural behaviours of last Neanderthals and first Homo sapiens groups. The latest excavation campaigns allowed to unearth Uluzzian layers in two sectors of the cave and to investigate the Mousterian levels, from which a deciduous molar of a Neanderthal child comes. Moreover they permitted to consolidate the study of symbolic activities in the cave. Digital and tridimensional documentation techniques have been adopted for the description of the excavation surfaces and to understand the symbolic activities consisting in both parietal and mobiliary art evidences. The storage and elaboration of data is realized in a 3D application in order to elaborate detailed intra-site analysis in a predictive pattern of activities. This model allows the management of digital data in a single spatial system of representation, in which the digital copies of places, excavations areas and objects coincide with the relational matrices between the archaeological data and the possible events recorded in the physical layers.

Published
2020

22. Taphonomic interpretation of the Developed Oldowan site of Garba IV (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia) through a GIS application

Author

D'Andrea, Andrea, Gallotti, Rosalia, and Piperno, Marcello

Subjects
Stone implements -- Technology application -- Discovery and exploration -- Usage, Archaeological expeditions -- Technology application -- Usage -- Discovery and exploration, Geographic information systems -- Usage -- Discovery and exploration, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Technology application, Geographic information system, Discovery and exploration, Usage
Abstract

A GIS intra-site application for the taphonomic interpretation of the Developed Oldowan site of Garba IV (Melka Kunture, Ethiopia) allowed the automatic data processing of more than 12,000 lithic artefacts and faunal remains lying on a 100-sq. m excavated palaeosurface dating to about 1,500,000 years ago. Key-words: Melka Kunture, Oldowan, GIS, taphonomy, Introduction Melka Kunture is a valley site formed mainly of fluvial sediments, extending for over 5 km along the banks of the Awash (FIGURE 1). Its deposits attain a maximum [...]

Published
2002

24. Refining the Uluzzian through a new lithic assemblage from Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone, southern Italy)

Author

Collina, Carmine, primary, Marciani, Giulia, additional, Martini, Ivan, additional, Donadio, Carlo, additional, Repola, Leopoldo, additional, Bortolini, Eugenio, additional, Arrighi, Simona, additional, Badino, Federica, additional, Figus, Carla, additional, Lugli, Federico, additional, Oxilia, Gregorio, additional, Romandini, Matteo, additional, Silvestrini, Sara, additional, Piperno, Marcello, additional, and Benazzi, Stefano, additional

Published
2020
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25. Genomic and dietary transitions during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in Sicily

Author

van de Loosdrecht, Marieke S., primary, Mannino, Marcello A., additional, Talamo, Sahra, additional, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, additional, Posth, Cosimo, additional, Aron, Franziska, additional, Brandt, Guido, additional, Burri, Marta, additional, Freund, Cäcilia, additional, Radzeviciute, Rita, additional, Stahl, Raphaela, additional, Wissgott, Antje, additional, Klausnitzer, Lysann, additional, Nagel, Sarah, additional, Meyer, Matthias, additional, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, additional, Piperno, Marcello, additional, Tusa, Sebastiano, additional, Collina, Carmine, additional, Schimmenti, Vittoria, additional, Di Salvo, Rosaria, additional, Prüfer, Kay, additional, Hublin, Jean-Jacques, additional, Schiffels, Stephan, additional, Jeong, Choongwon, additional, Haak, Wolfgang, additional, and Krause, Johannes, additional

Published
2020
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26. A biface production older than 600 ka ago at Notarchirico (Southern Italy) contribution to understanding early Acheulean cognition and skills in Europe

Author

Moncel, Marie-Hélène, Santagata, Carmen, Pereira, Alison, Nomade, Sébastien, Bahain, Jean-Jacques, Voinchet, Pierre, Piperno, Marcello, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole française de Rome (EFR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
Hominids, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Raw Materials, Science, Materials Science, Archaeological Excavation, Social Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Geographical Locations, Archaic Humans, Pleistocene Epoch, Paleoanthropology, Hominins, Materials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Minerals, Quaternary Period, Biology and Life Sciences, Paleontology, Geology, Geologic Time, Mineralogy, Limestone, Europe, Archaeology, Anthropology, People and Places, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth Sciences, Cenozoic Era, Medicine, Physical Anthropology, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; For the past decade, debates on the earliest evidence of bifacial shaping in Western Europe have focused on several key issues, such as its origin (i.e., local or introduced), or on what should define the Acheulean culture. Whatever hypotheses are proposed for its origin, the onset and technological strategies for making Large Cutting Tools (LCTs), including biface production, are key issues and are often associated with other behavioural changes, such as increased core technology complexity. Current archaeological patterns do not support the existence of transitional industries. Rather, the scant evidence suggests that biface production associated with the management of bifacial volume was widespread around 700 ka. Among the earliest sites, the site of Notarchirico in Southern Italy stands out as one of the most significant examples. 40Ar/39Ar ages and ESR dates recently provided a revised chronology for the whole sedimentary sequence and constrained the archaeological levels between ca. 610 and 670 ka. Five archaeosurfaces (A, A1, B, D and F) yielded LCTs, including bifaces, during Marcello Piperno’s excavations from 1980 to 1995. In light of this new chronological framework, which is much shorter than previously thought, we propose in this contribution a revision of the bifaces by applying the “chaine opératoire” method for the first time (analysis of reduction processes). Our goals are to assess biface production in this early Western European locality and to characterize the strategies applied at the site throughout the sequence. A corpus of 32 tools was selected from the A-A1, B, D and F archaeosurfaces. The technological analysis shows that hominins had the capacity to manage bifacial volumes, when raw material quality was adequate. Clear differences do not emerge between the different levels in terms of shaping modes or final forms. However, we demonstrate that the oldest level (level F), with the richest corpus, lacks flint and displays a higher diversity of bifaces. This ability to manage bifacial and bilateral equilibrium, as well as the diversity of the morphological results, is observed in a few penecontemporaneous sites (700–600 ka), both in the north-western and southern parts of Western Europe. These patterns suggest that hominins mastered well-controlled and diversified biface production, combining intense shaping and minimal shaping, and shared a common technological background regardless of the geographical area, and applied this technology regardless of the available raw materials. The degree of skill complexity of hominins in Western Europe between 700 and 600 ka, the current lack of evidence suggesting “gradual industries” between core-and-flake series and Acheulean techno-complexes, raise numerous questions on the origin of new behaviours in Western Europe, their mode of diffusion, and their association with Homo heidelbergensis or other Middle Pleistocene populations.

Published
2019

27. Contribution of the 40Ar/39Ar method to improve Middle-Pleistocene archaeological/palaeontological sites from the Italian Peninsula

Author

Nomade Sebastien, Pereira Alison, Voinchet Pierre, Bahain Jean-Jacques, Aureli Daniele, Arzarello Marta, Anzidei Anna-Paola, Biddittu Italo, Bulgarelli Maria-Grazia, Falguères Christophe, Giaccio Biagio, Guillou Hervé, Manzi Gorgio, Moncel Marie-Hélène, Nicoud Elisa, Pagli Maria, Parenti Fabio, Peretto Carlo, Piperno Marcello, Rocca Roxane, Nomade Sebastien, Pereira Alison, Voinchet Pierre, Bahain Jean-Jacque, Aureli Daniele, Arzarello Marta, Anzidei Anna-Paola, Biddittu Italo, Bulgarelli Maria-Grazia, Falguères Christophe, Giaccio Biagio, Guillou Hervé, Manzi Gorgio, Moncel Marie-Hélène, Nicoud Elisa, Pagli Maria, Parenti Fabio, Peretto Carlo, Piperno Marcello, and Rocca Roxane

Subjects
Italy, Middle-Pleistocene, 40Ar/39Ar method
Published
2017

30. Datation par 40Ar/39Ar sur monocristaux de feldspaths potassiques : exemple d’application sur le site pléistocène moyen ancien de Notarchirico (Basilicate, Italie)

Author

Pereira, Alison, Nomade, Sébastien, Bahain, Jean-Jacques, Piperno, Marcello, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Ecole française de Rome (EFR), Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell'Antichità, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

La méthode 40Ar/39Ar est une des méthodes de datation offrant la plus large gamme de temps d’applicabilité. Utilisée principalement pour la datation de roches volcaniques, cette méthode radio-isotopique est applicable sur la quasi-totalité du Quaternaire. Les développements méthodologiques et analytiques liés à la technologie de la spectrométrie de masse permettent aujourd’hui de dater avec une grande précision (1-5 %) des monocristaux de sanidines ou leucites, riches en potassium. Ces derniers, vieux de parfois moins de 500 ka peuvent être d’une taille inférieure à 300 μm. La méthode 40Ar/39Ar permet de dater des dépôts volcaniques dits « primaires », issus de retombées volcaniques directes (téphras), mais également d’analyser des dépôts sédimentaires remaniant des niveaux enregistrant plusieurs événements volcaniques grâce à la datation individuelle des cristaux sélectionnés. Il est donc possible d’identifier les plus récentes éruptions enregistrées au sein de ces niveaux qui donnent alors un âge maximum à ces derniers. Afin d’illustrer cette double approche et le potentiel de la méthode 40Ar/39Ar, nous présentons dans cet article les résultats obtenus pour le site paléolithique inférieur de Notarchirico (Bassin de Venosa, Basilicate, Italie), site clé pour la compréhension de l’évolution de la lignée pré-néanderthalienne et du peuplement acheuléen en Europe au cours du Pléistocène moyen. La séquence de Notarchirico comprend à la fois des retombées volcaniques directes liées à l’activité du Mont Vulture situé seulement à une dizaine de km (i.e. téphra de Notarchirico) et des niveaux fluviatiles riches en matériel volcanique remanié s’intégrant dans la séquence plus vaste et bien connue du bassin de Venosa. La datation par fusion laser de monocristaux de sanidine, extraits de différents niveaux sédimentaires, a permis de replacer ce site dans un schéma chronostratigraphique juste et précis. La séquence de Notarchirico s’est déposée entre 661 ± 14 ka (âge du téphra, localisé dans la partie inférieure de la séquence) et 614 ± 12 ka (plus jeune population de sanidines retrouvée dans le niveau 1-6b au sommet de celle-ci) donc entre le stade glaciaire 16 et le début de la période interglaciaire 15. Ces nouvelles contraintes géochronologiques font de ce site le gisement abritant le plus ancien fossile hominidé d’Italie et l’un des plus anciens sites acheuléens d’Europe.

Published
2017

31. Notices

Author

Tosi, Maurizio, Piperno, Marcello, Helmer, James, Andrews, E. Wyllys, Rovner, Irwin, Shiner, Joel, Bonnichsen, Robson, and Gardner, William M.

Published
1974

41. The earliest securely dated hominin fossil in Italy and evidence of Acheulian occupation during glacial MIS 16 at Notarchirico (Venosa, Basilicata, Italy)

Author

Pereira, Alison, Nomade, Sébastien, Voinchet, Pierre, Bahain, Jean Jacques, Falguères, Christophe, Garon, Henri, Lefevre, David, Raynal, Jean Paul, Scao, Vincent, Piperno, Marcello, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Paléontologie Humaine (IPH), Fondation I.P.H-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Préhistoire, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

42. La néolithisation de la Sicile occidentale d’après les résultats des fouilles a la grotte de l’Uzzo (Trapani)

Author

Costantini, Lorenzo, Piperno, Marcello, and Tusa, Sebastiano

Subjects
HD, History, Archaeology, paléoécologie, culture matérielle, chasse-cueillette, SOC003000, néolithique ancien, Méditerranée occidentale
Abstract

Les fouilles à la grotte de l’Uzzo ont mis en évidence une séquence comprise entre la moitié du IXe et le début du Ve millénaire avant J.C. qui commence avec une intense fréquentation mésolithique matérialisée entre autre par des structures d’habitat et de nombreuses sépultures.D’importantes modifications paléoéconomiques (début d’une activité de pêche régulière et capture récurrente des cétacés) et technologiques (apparition des tranchants transversaux) sont réalisées entre la fin de l’occupation mésolithique et les premiers témoignages relatifs à l’installation néolithique.C’est dans cette dernière période, avec une céramique qui précède la phase de Stentinello et une technologie lithique caractérisée par une production laminaire et par de nombreux tranchants transversaux, que l’on assiste à la diffusion de l’agriculture, de l’élevage et à un très fort développement de la pêche. Excavations at Uzzo Cave have brought to light a sequence comprised between the half of the IX,n and the beginning of the Vth millennium B.C., which starts with an intense mesolithic occupation documented, among other things, by some structures and several graves.Some important paleoeconomical changes (starting of a regular fishing activity with recurrent captures of ceta-ceans) and technological innovations (appearence of transverse arrowheads) took place between the end of mesolithic times and the beginning of the first documentation concerning the neolithic presence at Uzzo bay. During this last period, we do absist to the diffusion of farming and breeding together with a strong expansion of fishing activity, within a cultural background characterized by a pottery style preceding the Stentinello one’s and a lithic technology with blades and transverse arrowheads production.

Published
2014

44. ORIGINES II : espaces et expressions Rapport scientifique 2008-2012

Author

Raynal, Jean-Paul, Guadelli, Jean-Luc, Aujoulat, Norbert, Barbazza, Michel, d’Errico, Francesco, Jaubert, Jacques, El Graoui, Mosshine, Ferrier, Catherine, Kervazo, Bertrand, Konik, Stephane, Moncel, Marie‑Hélène, Piperno, Marcello, Sirakov, Nikolai, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Préhistoire (CNP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Archaeological Institute and Museum (NAIM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Contrat Région Aquitaine 20081403002, Commission consultative des recherches archéologiques à l’étranger du Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires Étrangères, France, Laboratoire Européen Associé (LEA) BINEK (CNRS-Académie Bulgare des Sciences), Région Aquitaine, The first human settlements in the Balkans in their physical and biological contexts (National Institute of Archaeology with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences / PACEA UMR5199 CNRS / Mission Paléolithique de Bulgarie [MEAE]), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine [INSAP] - Rabat, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]

Subjects
Pigments, Les premiers peuplements, Région Aquitaine, Middle Paleolithic, Europe-Asie, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Balkans, Origins II Program, Redaka II, Carrière Thomas I, Ornaments, Paléolithique moyen, Lower Paleolithic, Afrique, Thomas Quarry I, Industrie osseuse, Kozarnika, Éthiopie, Bulgarie, Rock art, Grotte des rhinocéros, Bulgaria, Bone industry, Pléistocène, Europe-Asia, Pensée symbolique, Paléolithique supérieur, Symbolic expressions Artistic expressions, Middle Stone Age, The first settlements, Programme Origines II, Oued Azguer and Aouinat Azguer, Parures, Culture San, Thought symbolic, Art rupestre, San culture, Pleistocene, Maroc, Morocco, Moustérien, Mousterian, Oued Azguer et Aouinat Azguer, Africa, Expressions symboliques Expressions artistiques, Upper Paleolithic, Ethiopia, Paléolithique inférieur
Abstract

145p., ill.

Published
2012

45. Climate-driven environmental changes around 8,200 years ago favoured increases in cetacean strandings and Mediterranean hunter-gatherers exploited them

Author

Mannino, Marcello A., primary, Talamo, Sahra, additional, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, additional, Fiore, Ivana, additional, Nehlich, Olaf, additional, Piperno, Marcello, additional, Tusa, Sebastiano, additional, Collina, Carmine, additional, Di Salvo, Rosaria, additional, Schimmenti, Vittoria, additional, and Richards, Michael P., additional

Published
2015
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46. The Neanderthal in the karst: First dating, morphometric, and paleogenetic data on the fossil skeleton from Altamura (Italy)

Author

Lari, Martina, primary, Di Vincenzo, Fabio, additional, Borsato, Andrea, additional, Ghirotto, Silvia, additional, Micheli, Mario, additional, Balsamo, Carlotta, additional, Collina, Carmine, additional, De Bellis, Gianluca, additional, Frisia, Silvia, additional, Giacobini, Giacomo, additional, Gigli, Elena, additional, Hellstrom, John C., additional, Lannino, Antonella, additional, Modi, Alessandra, additional, Pietrelli, Alessandro, additional, Pilli, Elena, additional, Profico, Antonio, additional, Ramirez, Oscar, additional, Rizzi, Ermanno, additional, Vai, Stefania, additional, Venturo, Donata, additional, Piperno, Marcello, additional, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, additional, Barbujani, Guido, additional, Caramelli, David, additional, and Manzi, Giorgio, additional

Published
2015
Full Text
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47. The prehistory of Melka Kunture (Ethiopia)*

Author

Piperno, Marcello

Abstract

A brief history of discoveries and researchesThe site of Melka Kunture was discovered and proposed to the attention of the Ethiopian Archaeological Service for the first time in 1963 by G. Dekker. The same year a French prehistorian archaeologist, G. Bailloud, carried out the first surface surveys and collected important lithic materials and faunal remains. Since 1965, a French-Ethiopian mission directed by Jean Chavaillon faced to the systematic investigation of the Paleolithic site through ...

Published
2008

48. La préhistoire de Melka Kunturé (Éthiopie)*

Author

Piperno, Marcello

Abstract

traduction française, Colette Salem Bref historique des recherchesC'est en 1963 que l'hydrologue hollandais Gérard Dekker attira l'attention du Service des Antiquités d'Addis Abéba sur le site de Melka Kunturé. La même année, G. Bailloud menait les premières recherches en surface, récoltant de nombreux objets façonnés en pierre, ainsi que des restes d'ossements d'animaux.Depuis 1965, une mission franco-éthiopienne, dirigée par Jean Chavaillon, a entrepris des recherches systématiques sur le s...

Published
2008

50. Balchit Obsidian (Upper Awash, Ethiopia)

Author

Raynal, Jean-Paul, Poupeau, Gérard, Kieffer, Guy, Piperno, Marcello, Andy Milton, J., Delerue, Sarah, Le Bourdonnec, François-Xavier, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Antropologiche dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Awash basin, Melka Kunture, Balchit, ICP-MS, Ethiopia
Abstract

Poster; The small volcanic massif of Balchit is one of the Pliocene silicic centers of the Wechecha Formation (Addis Ababa Rift Embayment). It is located some 25 km SE of Addis Ababa and 7 km NE of Melka Kunture, on the left interfluve of the Awash river. and has recently been dated at 4.37±0.07 Ma by K-Ar. It constitutes a major obsidian source-area. In the vicinity of Melka Kunture, obsidian is a major component of lithic series since the Oldowayan. Since 1999, new investigations have been undertaken on the prehistory and volcano-sedimentary environments of Melka Kunture and a special attention was paid to obsidian artefacts and its primary and secondary sources. Analyses were performed on several obsidian samples from various locations, both in situ from a lava flow of Balchit and reworked debris or pebbles from different alluvial formations of the Awash river and its tributaries. The trace element contents of two Balchit samples from the main obsidianbearing lava flow and of nine obsidian pebbles from alluvial deposits were determined by ICP-MS at LGCA (Grenoble) and at SOCFAC (Southampton), using the same experimental procedure. Six obsidians pebbles were found to present the same (type A) elemental composition as the two Balchit obsidians and therefore might come from this mother-rock. The three other obsidians present specific trace element systematics dubbed respectively as types B, C and D.

Published
2005

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