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Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The new molecules piperidyl dillapiole and propyl ether dillapiole were evaluated in Aedes aegypti as an alternative for the control of populations of this mosquito. A total of 1,690 samples, comprising 780 eggs, 780 larvae and 130 adults, were treated with both substances for 4 h, 24 h and 90 min, respectively. The dillapiole (80 µg/mL), temephos (0.012 µg/mL) as positive control, and the negative control (water + DMSO 0.05%). The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of propyl ether dillapiole and piperidyl dillapiole in eggs were 18.07 and 49.97 µg/mL and, in larvae, the LC50 of these substances were 29.15 and 72.93 µg/mL, which caused darkening of the cuticle and displacement of the head. In the adults, the LC50 of the two substances after 90 min was 148.25 and 263.26 µg/mL, respectively. The insertion of the propyl and piperidine radicals into the dillapiole molecule resulted in the substances propyl ether dillapiole and piperidyl dillapiole, both of which had a toxic effect on Ae. aegypti. However, propyl ether dillapiole, which has propylene in its side chain, showed greater ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal activity when compared to piperidyl dillapiole. These results are promising as an alternative form of control of Ae. aegypti, which is the primary vector of human arboviruses.

Bioactive plants such as P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis might improve intestinal health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extracts (EEs) of these plants on the intestinal health of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 chickens (n  =  352) were distributed into eight treatments with four replicates and 11 chickens each. T1 received a base diet, and T2 received a base diet with 0.005% zinc bacitracin. T3, T5, and T7 were supplemented with 0.005% of P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis EE in the diet while T4, T6, and T8 with 0.01% of the extract. The EEs were supplemented with drinking water from 1 to 26  days of age. The following parameters were evaluated: hematological profiles at 28  days of age, blood metabolites profiles at 14, 21, and 28  days; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus sp. abundance in the ileum mucosa and content at 21 and 28  days, and histomorphometry of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa at 14, 21, and 28  d. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion rate (FCR) were evaluated at seven, 21, and 33  days of age. M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 0.01% increased blood glucose levels at 21 and 28  days of age, respectively, and P. aduncum and M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% increased triglycerides at 28  days of age; in addition, this EE did not have any effect on the AST and ALT profiles. The depths of the Lieberkühn crypts and the villi length to the crypt’s depth ratio increased with age on supplementation with 0.01% M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 21  days of age (p  <  0.05). In addition, the depth of the crypts increased at 28  days of age (p  <  0.05) in chickens supplemented with 0.01% A. altilis EE. The 0.01% M. citrifolia EE in diet decreased in the Staphylococcus aureus population in the ileal microbiota (p  <  0.05). The FW and WG during the fattening and in the three stages overall increased, and the FCR decreased; however, the FI and the carcass yield did not change in the broiler chickens supplemented with 0.01% M. citrifolia EE (p  <  0.05). Conclusively, the M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% of the diet improved intestinal health and thus the performance indices of the broiler chickens and did not have a detrimental effect on any of the parameters evaluated, so it is postulated as a potential alternative to AGP in poultry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Piper aduncum. L. • Combination of high-fat diet foods, and PTU induced the animals to obtain hypercholesterolemia. • P. aduncum significantly reduce LDL levels. • P. aduncum significantly increase HDL levels. • P. aduncum significantly increase NO levels. Spike betel (Piper aduncum L.) is one of the plant widely used as traditional medicine. There are still many unknown recorded pharmacological activities of Piper aduncum.This study aimed to observe the cholesterol lowering and vasorelaxant effect of P. aduncum ethanol extract (PAEE) in hypercholesterolemic model. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, NO level, Atherogenic Plasma Index (API), Systolic and Diastolyc Blood Pressure of hypercholesterolemic Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as parameters. Thirty adult male WKY rats were divided into six groups; each group contained five animals. Five groups were given high-fat diet foods, and PTU induced the animals to obtain hypercholesterolemia with a frequency of 1 time a day orally for 14 days. At the same time, the normal group was given destiled water and standard feed. On the 15th day the normal group was given destiled water; the high-fat diet group was given high-fat feed, the atorvastatin group was given an atorvastatin dose of 0.26 mg/kg BW, and the treatment group was given PAEE dose of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight for 14 days orally. Ethanol extract of P. aduncum significantly reduce total cholesterol levels and LDL, increase HDL levels and increase NO levels significantly (p <0.05). Doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW had the best effect on lowering total cholesterol, LDL level and provides a vasorelaxant effect, confimed by systolic and diastolic blood pressure examination. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive plants such as P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis might improve intestinal health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extracts (EEs) of these plants on the intestinal health of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 chickens (n = 352) were distributed into eight treatments with four replicates and 11 chickens each. T1 received a base diet, and T2 received a base diet with 0.005% zinc bacitracin. T3, T5, and T7 were supplemented with 0.005% of P. aduncum, M. citrifolia, and A. altilis EE in the diet while T4, T6, and T8 with 0.01% of the extract. The EEs were supplemented with drinking water from 1 to 26 days of age. The following parameters were evaluated: hematological profiles at 28 days of age, blood metabolites profiles at 14, 21, and 28 days; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus sp. abundance in the ileum mucosa and content at 21 and 28 days, and histomorphometry of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa at 14, 21, and 28 d. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion rate (FCR) were evaluated at seven, 21, and 33 days of age. M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 0.01% increased blood glucose levels at 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and P. aduncum and M. citrifolia EE at 0.01% increased triglycerides at 28 days of age; in addition, this EE did not have any effect on the AST and ALT profiles. The depths of the Lieberkühn crypts and the villi length to the crypt’s depth ratio increased with age on supplementation with 0.01% M. citrifolia and A. altilis EE at 21 days of age (p

Studies that simulate recurrent drought events with subsequent episodes of rehydration better reflect natural conditions and allow visualization of differential acclimatization responses resulting from memory and tolerance mechanisms. Piper aduncum and Piper tuberculatum were grown in a greenhouse and were subjected to three successive cycles of drought and subsequent rehydration. After suspending irrigation, gas exchanges were measured daily with IRGA. When stomatal conductances close to zero were obtained, the plants were rehydrated and kept irrigated. In P. tuberculatum, stomatal conductance was always higher after periods of rehydration compared to the period before the drought, while the transpiration rate was lower only during the drought. The damage to the photosynthetic apparatus was caused by the influence of the interception of the flow of electrons in the transport chain. We came to the conclusion that the dehydrated plants showed an alert signal, which triggered response mechanisms to prevent or deal with the water stress situation.

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a polyphagous insect pest, is a major threat to food production, rapidly spreading through all the tropical areas in the world. Resistance has developed to the control protocols used so far (pyrethroids, organophosphorus, and genetically modified plants), and alternative strategies must be found. The bioactivity in essential oils is usually associated with the major constituents, but synergistic interactions among the constituents (even minor ones) can improve the levels of activity considerably. Herein, we tested the insecticidal activity of several constituents of the essential oil from Piper aduncum, an Amazonian Piperaceae, both separately and as binary mixtures, through their application on the dorsal side of the larva pronotum. Dillapiole proved to be, isolated, the most active compound in this oil (LD50 = 0.35 ppm). In binary mixtures, a strong synergistic effect was observed for the pairs of dillapiole with β-caryophyllene (LD50 = 0.03 ppm), methyl eugenol (LD50 = 0.05 ppm), and α-humulene (LD50 = 0.05 ppm). In some cases, however, antagonism was recorded, as for dillapiole + β-pinene (LD50 = 0.44 ppm). The use of binary mixtures of essential oil constituents as low-environmental-toxicity insecticides allows a fine tuning of the insecticidal activity, and the exploitation of synergy effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies that simulate recurrent drought events with subsequent episodes of rehydration better reflect natural conditions and allow visualization of differential acclimatization responses resulting from memory and tolerance mechanisms. Piper aduncum and Piper tuberculatum were grown in a greenhouse and were subjected to three successive cycles of drought and subsequent rehydration. After suspending irrigation, gas exchanges were measured daily with IRGA. When stomatal conductances close to zero were obtained, the plants were rehydrated and kept irrigated. In P. tuberculatum, stomatal conductance was always higher after periods of rehydration compared to the period before the drought, while the transpiration rate was lower only during the drought. The damage to the photosynthetic apparatus was caused by the influence of the interception of the flow of electrons in the transport chain. We came to the conclusion that the dehydrated plants showed an alert signal, which triggered response mechanisms to prevent or deal with the water stress situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil extracted from the leaves of Piper aduncum has antifungal, insecticidal and antibacterial activity. Studies with its main compound, dillapiole (DIL) revealed antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory potential. Despite all this bioactivity, there is no updated report on the development and validation of analytical and bioanalytical methodology to quantify DIL in skin samples. A selective, precise, accurate and adequate method for the determination of DIL in solutions, porcine ear skin samples and receptor fluid was developed and validated by headspace extraction–gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS–GC–FID). HS–GC–FID was applied to determine DIL in Franz cell permeation and retention studies using porcine ear skin samples. In the HS–GC–FID method, matrix‐related interferences were not observed at the peak of the DIL retention time. The results showed a high recovery (>97%) after the extraction procedure, allowing the quantification of DIL in complex matrices. In vitro permeation/retention for DIL showed cumulative amounts permeated in the order: receptor fluid (21.98 ± 1.19 μg/cm2) > epidermis (15.40 ± 1.20 μg/cm2) > dermis (9.52 ± 1.13 μg/cm2). HS–GC–FID was successfully validated and the results point to DIL transdermal permeation and to the potential to develop pharmaceutical formulations for skin delivery to treat inflammation or infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), a polyphagous insect pest, is a major threat to food production, rapidly spreading through all the tropical areas in the world. Resistance has developed to the control protocols used so far (pyrethroids, organophosphorus, and genetically modified plants), and alternative strategies must be found. The bioactivity in essential oils is usually associated with the major constituents, but synergistic interactions among the constituents (even minor ones) can improve the levels of activity considerably. Herein, we tested the insecticidal activity of several constituents of the essential oil from Piper aduncum, an Amazonian Piperaceae, both separately and as binary mixtures, through their application on the dorsal side of the larva pronotum. Dillapiole proved to be, isolated, the most active compound in this oil (LD50 = 0.35 ppm). In binary mixtures, a strong synergistic effect was observed for the pairs of dillapiole with β-caryophyllene (LD50 = 0.03 ppm), methyl eugenol (LD50 = 0.05 ppm), and α-humulene (LD50 = 0.05 ppm). In some cases, however, antagonism was recorded, as for dillapiole + β-pinene (LD50 = 0.44 ppm). The use of binary mixtures of essential oil constituents as low-environmental-toxicity insecticides allows a fine tuning of the insecticidal activity, and the exploitation of synergy effects.

The research aimed to investigate the effect of leaf extracts of Piper cilibracteum, P. curtisii and P. aduncum againts of Ceratocystis fimbriata in vitro. Crude methanolic extract of P. aduncum leaves showed the highest percentage growth inhibition (GIP; 79.38%) than those of P. cilibracteum (37.52%) and P. curtisii (24.31%). Further examination of the leaf extract of P. aduncum with various solvents, we found that the n-hexane extract had the best performance in inhibiting the growth of C. fimbriata (GIP of 73.20%). The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 of this n-hexane extract towards C. fimbriata were reached at a very low concentration at 165 mg/L and 6999 mg/mL, respectively. The n-hexane leaf extract of P. aduncum is a potential candidate for anti-Ceratocystis agent. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectra of n-hexane leaves extract of P. aduncum, apiol was identified as a major compound in the extract. • Leaf extract of P. cilibracteum, P. curtisii and P. aduncum had antifungal against Ceratocystis fimbriata. • N-hexane extract of P. aduncum showed greater growth inhibition to C. fimbriata. • GC-MS spectra of n-hexane extract of P. aduncum showed apiol as a major compound. • Piper aduncum can be considered as an antifungal resource for protection of rubber crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil extracted from the leaves of Piper aduncum, an aromatic plant from the Amazon region, is rich in dillapiole and presents anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, nanoemulsions (NE) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which are biocompatible nanostructured systems of a lipid nature, were prepared by high-pressure homogenization for the yet unexplored skin delivery of dillapiole. The addition of hydroxyethylcellulose produced hydrogel-thickened NE or NLC in view to improving the viscosity and skin adherence of the nanoformulations. Formulations were characterized with respect to dillapiole content, droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, rheological behavior, bioadhesion, skin permeation profile, and in vitro irritancy (HET-CAM). The formulations developed presented spherical, homogeneous nanometric particle size (around 130 nm), narrow polydispersity index (Piper aduncum essential oil.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el propósito de estudiar el efecto del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Piper aduncum L., “matico” de diferente procedencia, en la oxidación de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) humana in vitro. Se recolectó las hojas de la especie en enero del 2017 en los distritos de Otuzco y de Trujillo; los extractos etanólicos de hojas de Piper aduncum L., se obtuvieron por el método soxhlet, y fueron evaporados hasta la tercera parte de su volumen en un baño maría, secándose en estufa a 40°C durante 24 horas; a partir del extracto seco se prepararon soluciones a la concentración de 0,2 mg /mL. La LDL se aisló desde muestras sanguíneas de 81 personas por el Método de Ultra centrifugación; determinándose el grado de inhibición de la oxidación de LDL por el método de TBARS, se conformó tres grupos de trabajo: un grupo control y dos grupos problemas, de acuerdo a la zona de procedencia de las hojas La concentración de malondialdehido (MDA) en el grupo control es 0,0114 ± 0,00025nmol/100μL, en el grupo problema 1 es 0,0026 ± 0,0001 nmol/100 uLy en el grupo problema 2 es 0,0053± 0,00008 nmol/100 μL. Se concluye que el extracto etanólico de las hojas de Piper aduncum L.procedente del distrito de Otuzco inhibe la oxidación de LDL humana en un 77,04%, mientras que el que procede del distrito de Trujillo lo hace en 53,51%, in vitro.

• Molecular confirmation of an indigenous Piper decumanum and an introduced Piper aduncum. • Reinforcing ethnoclassification of Piper species using integrative molecular approach. • Application of constituent and cytotoxicity evaluation for species comparative analysis. The Manobo tribe in the Philippines is culturally rich in ethnomedicinal practices and known to use popular plants locally named as "Lunas" (meaning "cure"). One of these is "Lunas-bagon tapol" which was previously identified as Lunasia sp. (Rutaceae) based on vegetative morphology. The other species is "Lunas-buyo" which is similar in ethnomedicinal use and morphology. This broadly-based study verifies these two "Lunas"-named specimens and evaluates the phytochemicals present and cytotoxic properties. The sequences of nuclear ITS, and plastid rbc L, and mat K were investigated for species identification. Molecular confirmation using BLAST n nucleotide database query revealed that the two confused "Lunas"-named specimens were members of Piperaceae and not Rutaceae. Phylogeny of Asian Piper using ITS sequences revealed "Lunas-bagon tapol" as Piper decumanum L. and "Lunas-buyo" as Piper aduncum L. with strong support (BS = 100 %). Both Piper species similarly showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and fatty acids but the absence of cyanogenic glycosides. Also, P. decumanum has moderate amount of saponins while P. aduncum contains moderate amount of anthraquinones. A cytotoxic activity test using trypan blue exclusion method against normal lymphocytes from human blood showed low toxicity (91.9 % viable cells) for P. decumanum and mild toxicity (88.3 % viable cells) for P. aduncum when subjected to 1000 μg/ml of the stem ethanolic extracts. These results support the practical approach of molecular-based taxon identification and provide the biochemical and biological basis as to the constituents present and cytotoxic properties of these medicinal Piper species for future pharmacological research, conservation priorities and ecological management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of essential oils form Piper aduncum, Melaleuca leucadendra and Schinus terebinthifolius and their blends by fumigation and residual contact on Tetranychus urticae and its natural enemy, Neoseiulus californicus. Bioassays were performed in a greenhouse with the best blend of the oils and compared to the individual oils and Vertimec® (positive control). The main constituents identified by GC–MS were dillapiole, (E)-nerolidol and limonene in the oils from P. aduncum (76.5%), M. leucadendra (87.3%) and S. terebinthifolius (unripe/ripe fruits, 42.5/34.1%). The P. aduncum and M. leucadendra oils were the most toxic to the pest. Among the blends, the greatest toxicity to T. urticae occurred by residual contact with the M. leucadendra + S. terebinthifolius ripe fruit blend (50/50). The evaluation of the effects on N. californicus showed the compatibility of the oils and blends with the predator mite for use in the integrated management of T. urticae. β-Caryophyllene was the most toxic, independent of the method used. Based on toxicities of 11 oil constituents, the structure–activity relationship of these compounds is also discussed. This study showed that the acaricidal effect of the Piper, Melaleuca and Schinus oils can easily be increased by the binary combination of these oils. The binary blend between the oils of the Melaleuca leaves and ripe Schinus fruit in the greenhouse was effective at controlling the mite after 72 h, exhibiting the same level of toxicity as that found for the positive control (Vertimec 18 EC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isolation, purification and identification of two hydrochalcone compounds from Indonesian medicinal plant "Sirihhutan", Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) had been done. Isolation and purification of ethylacetate extract subjected to column chromatography (SiO2; (i).n-hexane-ethylacetate = 10:1 ~ 1 : 1; ethylacetate (ii).n-hexaneethylacetate = 8: 1 gave two pure compounds. Based on infra red, 1D & 2D-NMR, mass spectral data and comparison chemical shift of protons and carbons, the isolated compounds are 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy dihydrochalcone and 2',6',4-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy dihydrochalcone with free radical scavenging inhibitionvalues are 21.77% and 90.1% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible of neuroinvasive manifestations. Natural products are well-known for their biological activities and pharmaceutical application. In this study, the inhibitory effects of essential oils (EOs) of Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm. and Piper aduncum L. on WNV replication were investigated. WNV was incubated with EOs before adsorption on Vero cells, viral replication was carried out in the absence or presence of EO. Cells were exposed to EO before the adsorption of untreated-virus. GC-MS and GC-FID were used for chemical characterization of EOs. Cell protection from infection was observed for both EOs. P. aduncum EO was characterized by dillapiole as main compound (48.21%) and O. quixos EO by 1,8-cineole (39.15%). Further investigations, such as the study of molecular and cellular mechanisms of action and in vivo evaluation, should be performed on these essential oils to derive new potential drugs against WNV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piper aduncum essential oil exhibit repellency activity and has a potential to be use as an alternative for synthetic repellent such as N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, (DEET). However, the volatility properties of the essential oil decrease their persistence as a topical repellent. Study has shown that formulation of the essential oil with some fixatives may increase their effectiveness. Therefore, this study was conduct to evaluate the effectiveness of gel formulation containing P. aduncum essential oil with two fixative; vanillin and paraffin oil. Gel formulations containing P. aduncum essential oil with 5% and 10% vanillin and 6% paraffin oil was prepared and tested against Aedes aegypti in laboratory using Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) bioassay method. After 240 minute post-application, formulation containing 5% and 10% vanillin was able to provide >70% repellency percentage against mosquito while formulation containing 6% paraffin oil gives <30% repellency percentage. As conclusion, P. aduncum based repellent gel containing 5% and 10% vanillin was able to prolong the effect of P. aduncum essential oil as repellent against dengue vector in laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Parasite (1252607X) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several studies have assessed the potential of essential oils as substitutes for synthetic pesticides, in order to counter insect resistance to commercial pesticides. Piper aduncum L. is a very common shrub in the Amazon Rainforest and in other subtropical areas. The objective of this review was to analyse the existing information on P. aduncum essential oil as a raw material for new bioproducts for sustainable pest disease management. With this review, we collected and critically analysed 59 papers, representing all the studies that aimed to evaluate the essential oil properties of this species as an insecticide, acaricide and antiparasitic. The chemical composition differs depending on the origin, although phenylpropanoid dillapiole is the most cited component, followed by myristicin, 1,8-cineole and β-ocimene. Between the acaricidal, antiparasitic and synergistic activities, the insecticidal effects are highly promising, with optimal results against the malaria vector Aedes aegypti, with an LC50 that ranges between 57 and 200μg/mL. Acaricidal activity has mainly been reported against Tetranychus urticae, showing an LC50 that ranges between 5.83 and 7.17μg/mL. Antiparasitic activity has predominately been found on Leishmania amazonensis, and antipromastigote activity has been found to be between 23.8 and 25.9μg/mL. Concerning the synergistic effect between dillapiole and synthetic insecticides, four studies on Spodoptera frugiperda found promising results with cypermethrin. In this review, we highlighted the potential of P. aduncum essential oil as a biopesticide, also focusing on the lack of information about applied research. We also provide suggestions for future investigations.

The effect of watery extracts of Nicotiana acuminata, Piper aduncum L. and Crotalaria juncea was evaluated on the germination and the elongación of the roots of seeds of Raphanus sativus (radish), Lactuca sativa L (lettuce) and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). The extracts were produced at medium scale in the laboratory of formulation of the Faculty of Química- Pharmacy of the “Universidad Central Marta Abreu de las Villas” . It was demonstrated upon concluding the work that the lettuce was the most sensitive species for this type of study. It was concluded that the extracts could be poured to the means to minor concentrations that 0.01% with a margin of security that they are not going to affect the processes of germination and elongacion of the roots. It was determined that one could use the alone rehearsal using the seeds of lettuce like species of rehearsal.

The purpose of this work was to develop a cream based on the hydroalcoholic extract of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) leaves and to evaluate its photoprotective activity in vitro. The first stage of the study began with the collection of leaves of Piper aduncum "matico" from the botanical garden of medicinal plants "Rosa Elena de los Rios Martinez" of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, National University of Trujillo, by the method of herborization . The preparation of the formulation began with obtaining the extract by the percolation method using ethanol solvent 70° GL and, then, the concentration was determined, for the subsequent design of the cream and the respective organoleptic and physicochemical controls. In the second stage, the in vitro photoprotective activity of the cream was determined by spectrophotometric method in the region of ultraviolet radiation type B (UVB) of 290-320 nm. Regarding the results, a concentration of 48.6 mg of dry extract/mL was obtained, the developed O/A cream had a homogeneous appearance, with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 2.29. It is concluded that the sunscreen cream developed from the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Piper aduncum has a low level of photoprotection according to the classification of international organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles are recognized for numerous physical, biological and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by green chemistry alternative reduction method, using Matico (Piper aduncum) leaves extract. The characterization was performed through Ultraviolet/VisibleSpectroscopy to estimatethe particle size; morphology and elemental composition were detected by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Estimated radius was measured by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. The interaction between Matico leaves extract with nanoparticles to determine potential reducing active ingredients was monitored by InfraredSpectroscopy. The reaction yield was determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The interaction of clusters of silver nanoparticles (3, 5 and 6 atoms) with quercetin (an active molecule of the Matico leaves), was studiedusing Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics by Gaussian09 and Abalone programs. The particle size was 13.58±6.25nm. It was found that the nanoparticles are quasi-spherical with 7.2 % of elemental silver and a reaction yield of 96.68 %. The cluster of 6 silver atoms with quercetin was proven to be the most stable complex. Synthesized silver nanoparticles display stability greater than 120 days, confirming that Matico leaves extract is a viable and green reducing agent.Silver nanoparticles would have very good clearance properties because molecular dynamics demonstrated that over a certain period of time, the silver cluster got far away from the quercetin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Piper aduncum (matico) es una especie utilizada por sus propiedades medicinales en desórdenes gastrointestinales y genitourinarios. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto antitumoral del aceite esencial de Piper aduncum (matico) in vitro en siete líneas celulares tumorales humanas y determinar la toxicidad oral en ratones. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Líneas celulares tumorales humanas H460, DU-145, ME-180, K562, HT-29, MCF 7, M14, K562; fibroblastos normales de ratón 3T3 y ratones albinos machos Balb/C53. Intervenciones: Las líneas celulares fueron expuestas a cuatro concentraciones del aceite esencial de P. aduncum y 5-fluorouracilo (5-FU). Para la toxicidad oral se utilizó ratones albinos machos Balb C/53 de 40 días post destete, a cinco dosis de tratamiento, evaluándose el número de muertes en cada dosis. Principales medidas de los resultados: Porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento celular (IC50), dosis letal 50 (DL50). Resultados: El aceite esencial mostró IC50 mayor a 250 ug/mL para las líneas celulares M-14 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), DU-145 (r = 0,99; p < 0,01), ME-180 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01). Para líneas celulares tumorales H460 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), MCF-7 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), K562 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), HT-29 (r = -0,99; p < 0,01), los niveles de IC50 estuvieron entre 20 ug/mL y 250 ug/mL. DL50 > 2 000 mg /kg. Conclusiones: El aceite esencial de P. aduncum no presentó efecto antitumoral in vitro para las siete líneas celulares tumorales humanas y no fue tóxico.

Piper aduncum, commonly known as matico, is a plant that grows in the mountainous and coastal regions of Peru, and is studied for its antimicrobial properties and various ethnopharmacological uses. The main objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract of Piper aduncum leaves in Mus musculus previously administered with sodium fluoride (NaF) using the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay. The extract was administrated orally in four different concentrations: 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/Kg for ten days. At the 11th day, a single dose of NaF was administrated via intraperitoneal at 20 mg/Kg. The genotoxicity study was performed with mice from the strain BALB/c, using the Micronucleus test on bone marrow and the Comet assay on peripheral blood according to OECD guidelines 474 and 489, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed by median analysis with ANOVA. Significant differences were found in Micronucleus frequency between the highest concentrations of Piper aduncum and NaF. The Comet assay showed significant reduction of NaF-induced damage on erythrocytes depending on the different concentrations of the extract which were evaluated in this study. It is concluded that the methanolic extract of P. aduncum leaves has cytoprotective and antioxidant activity against sodium fluoride.

The essential oil (EO) of Piper aduncum Linnaeus, known as ‘sireh lada’ to locals Malaysian, has the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic insect repellents such as N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. However, the EO's efficacy as a repellent decreases after application due to the high volatility of its active ingredients. A number of studies have showed that optimizing the formulation of plant-based EOs can improve their efficacy as repellents. The present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of 10% P. aduncum EO in ethanol and in three different semisolid formulations: ointment, cream and gel. These formulations were tested on Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Each formulation was applied to the subject's hands, which were then inserted into a cage containing 25 nulliparous A. aegypti. The number of mosquitoes landing on or biting each subject's hand was recorded, and the repellency percentage, landing/biting percentage and protection time for each of the formulations were compared. There were no statistically significant differences between the semisolid EO formulations with regards to the repellency percentage and the landing/biting percentage at 4 h post-application. All three semisolid EO formulations were able to repel >65% of the A. aegypti at 4 h post-application. The EO ointment formulation provided a protection time (182.5 ± 16.01 min) that was statistically significantly longer than that associated with the EO gel formulation (97.5 ± 14.93 min). Meanwhile, the EO cream formulation provided a protection time of 162.5 ± 6.29 min. As the EO cream and ointment formulations displayed better repellent properties than the EO gel formulation, they appear to be the most promising P. aduncum EO formulations to be developed and commercialized as alternatives to synthetic repellents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new compound, 2( S)-isobutanol 2-O-β- d-arabinopyranosyl(1→6)-O-β- d-glucopyranoside ( 1), along with ten known compounds ( 2- 11) were isolated from Piper aduncum L. leaves. The effects of these compounds on soluble epoxide hydrolase and tyrosinase inhibition were evaluated. Among them, compounds 3, 8, and 9 exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC values of 39.3 ± 1.8, 41.3 ± 2.2, and 37.5 ± 2.7 µM, respectively. However, the effects of isolated compounds on soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition were weak or absent, and compounds 4 and 11 showed the highest inhibitory activity with values of 61.2 ± 4.3 and 60.6 ± 3.7 % at a concentration of 100 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Piper aduncum L. is used in folk medicine to treat respiratory and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the essential oil from leaves of P. aduncum collected in the Brazilian Cerrado, North of Minas Gerais, as well as to evaluate the larvicidal activity of this oil and of its major constituent. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry that allowed characterizing 23 compounds (monoterpenes: 90.4%; sesquiterpenes: 7.0%). The major component was 1,8-cineole (53.9%). This oil showed to be very different from those obtained from the same species. Larvae of A. aegypti were exposed to different concentrations of the essential oil and 1,8-cineole. The mortality rate of 100% was obtained after 24h of treatment with the oil at concentrations of 500 and 1,000 ppm. After 48h of treatment, the mortality rate was 80% and 50% for concentrations of 250 and 100 ppm, respectively. The LC50 obtained after 24h was estimated in 289.9 ppm and after 48h was 134.1 ppm. The major compound 1,8-cineole showed no larvicidal activity.

Durante los procesos neurodegenerativos la función y viabilidad de las neuronas se reduce. En particular, el incremento patológico en la concentración de calcio intracelular, la alteración de la plasticidad sináptica y apoptosis están implicados en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), paradigma de un proceso neurodegenerativo, relacionado con la pérdida progresiva de las funciones cognitivas. Para evaluar el efecto neuroprotector de Piper aduncum“matico” se indujo el daño con el péptido Aβ a células cultivadas. Igualmente, células hipocam-pales fueron tratadas con el Aβ, y se evaluó viabilidad celular, niveles de caspasa-3 y expresión de receptores NMDA en sinapsis. También se registró el influjo de calcio intracelular en tratamientos con agonista NMDA y P. aduncum. En la evaluación neuroprotectora hay una reducción de un 20,6% de caspasa-3; un aumento del 9,6% por encima del control y una recuperación del 20,86% para las proteínas NR1 y SV2 respectivamente. Además hay una reducción de más del 50% del calcio celular. Estos resultados evidencian efecto neuropro-tector de P. aduncumpara el modelo estudiado.

A chemical study on the EtOAc extract produced by Xylaria sp., an endophytic fungus from Piper aduncum, resulted in the isolation of a new cytochalasin 1, along with five known 19,20-epoxycytochalasin D (2), C (3), N (4), Q (5), and R (6). The 1-6 were evaluated against the fungi C. cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum and only 5 showed weak activity. The cytotoxicity in vitro against HeLA and CHO cells lines were investigated and the cytochalasins 2-4, and 6 showed a strong activity against HeLA. The DNAdamaging activity of 1-6 were also investigated against mutant strains of S. cerevisiae.